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Powdery Scab and PMTV

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Powdery Scab and PMTV 2/23/2021 Management of Powdery Scab and Potato Mop Top Virus Jeff Miller, James Woodhall, and Nora Olsen S pongosporasubterraneasubsp. subterranea(Protozoa) Photo from Ueli Merz Photo from Ueli Merz Photo from Ueli Merz Photo from Ueli Merz 1 2/23/2021 2 2/23/2021 3 2/23/2021 PMTV • Foliar symptoms not associated with primary infection. • Foliar = similar to calico. • Symptoms favored by cool weather. • Tuber = necrotic arcs (may require alternating storage temperatures to develop). – Can look like TRV, PVYntn, internal brown spot • Symptoms increase with time in storage • Can cause external symptoms TRV PMTV Photos courtesy of Jonathan Whitworth Which one is PMTV? TRV? 4 2/23/2021 Photo courtesy of Jonathan Whitworth PMTV Positive 5 2/23/2021 Powdery Scab Disease Cycle • Environmental conditions which favor disease: – Cool, wet soil – 52-65°F – Alternating wet/dry conditions – Excessive soil moisture (especially 3-4 weeks after TI) • Sandy soils and poor drainage more conducive for disease. • Tuber infection typically occurs at tuber initiation. • Very little inoculum required to cause disease. Powdery Scab Management • Longer crop rotation - > 5 years (12 year survival). • Avoid planting in contaminated, poorly drained soils. • Plant disease-free seed in disease-free areas. • Avoid using manure if animals ingested infected tubers. • Plant resistant cultivars. • Carefully manage irrigation water. • Use of fertility, pesticides? Compendium of Potato Diseases, 2nd Ed. Falloon, AJPR (2008) 85:253-260 6 2/23/2021 Effect of Seed on Powdery Scab 25 20 15 10 5 0 Diseased Visually disease free Mini-tubers Trial 1 Trial 2 Tegg et al., 2016, AJPR 93:231-238 Effect of Seed/Soil Inoculum on Powdery Scab Dr. Rob Davidson, Practical Management of Powdery Scab, Focus on Potato 7 2/23/2021 Use of Fertility/Fungicides • Sulfur • Manganese • Zinc salts • Mancozeb • Metam fumigation • Chloropicrin • Fluazinam (Omega) 2002 Fungicide Trial Rexburg, ID Shepody 45 40 x 35 e d 30 n i l l 25 a g 20 t o 15 o R 10 5 0 8 Rexburg, ID 2002 Fungicide Trial Rexburg, ID 2002 Fungicide Trial Tuber gall index Root gall index 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 0 5 Russet Burbank Shepody 2/23/2021 9 2/23/2021 2003 Fungicide Trial Minidoka, ID Shepody 45 40 35 x e d 30 n i l l 25 a g r 20 e b 15 u T 10 5 0 UTC Rid Gold Rid Gold Rid Gold Phostrol Phostrol Phostrol Omega Gavel Moncut MZ MZ MZ Air Chem Irr Air Chem Irr Irr Irr Irr 2005 Fungicide Trial Rexburg, ID Shepody 45 40 35 x e 30 d n i l l 25 a g r 20 e b u 15 T 10 5 0 UTC Evolve (12) Forum IF Forum Fol Headline IF Headline Rid Gold Bli-nix Fosphite (6) (6) (9) Fol (9) Bravo + Phostrol 10 2/23/2021 Effect of Fluazinam (Omega) on Powdery Scab Dr. Rob Davidson, Colorado State, cv. Cherry Red 90 a 80 a 70 ab s r e b 60 c u T 50 d e t d c 40 e f n I 30 % 20 10 0 UTC Maxim (0.08) Omega (1.5), 1 Omega (1.5), 2 Maxim(0.08) + nozzle nozzles Omega (1.5), 2 2006 2007 NSD in 2007 Dr. Rob Davidson, Practical Management of Powdery Scab, Focus on Potato Effect of Fluazinam (Omega) on Tuber Grade Dr. Rob Davidson, Colorado State, cv. Cherry Red 50 a 45 s r e 40 b u 35 T e l 30 bc b b a t 25 e k r bcd a 20 cd m n 15 U 10 % 5 0 UTC Maxim (0.08) Omega (1.5), 1 Omega (1.5), 2 Maxim(0.08) + nozzle nozzles Omega (1.5), 2 2006 2007 NSD in 2007 Dr. Rob Davidson, Practical Management of Powdery Scab, Focus on Potato 11 2/23/2021 Effect of Chemical Treatment on Scab and PMTV Russet Norkotah Line 8 Canela Russet 60 90 80 50 70 40 60 e e c c n n 50 e e d d i 30 i c c n n I I 40 % % 20 30 20 10 10 0 0 Tubers w/ Ps PMTV w/ PS PMTV w/o PS Tubers w/ Ps PMTV w/ PS PMTV w/o PS Omega RIDEZ Control Omega RIDEZ Control Zeng et al., 2020, Plant Disease 104:2807-2816 Two-nozzle design – Dr. Rob Davidson, CSU 12 2/23/2021 Theory behind broadcast application Theory behind in-furrow application 13 2/23/2021 Effect of Fumigation on Powdery Scab 90 80 70 l o r t n 60 o C s v 50 n o i t 40 c u d e 30 R % 20 10 0 Chloropicrin (178 lb/a) Chloropicrin (356 lb/a) PIC 33% + DCP 66% (267 lb/a) PIC 33% + DCP 66% (445 lb/a) Plastic Cover No Cover Tsror (Lahkim) et al., 2019, Crop Protection 124:104836 Metam Sodium on Powdery Scab • Water-applied Metamor (51% MS): – 68% reduction at 46 gal/acre (=56 gal Vapam) – 80% reduction at 66 gal/acre (=80 gal Vapam) • Data for ground application – Significant PS reported under metam-fumigated conditions • More research needed in southern Idaho conditions 14 2/23/2021 Cultivar Susceptibility to Powdery Scab in Idaho Haynes et al., AJPR 82:73 and 83:113 Summit Russet Russet Burbank Gem Russet Gem Russet Russet Norkotah Bannock Russet Harley Blackwell Russet Norkotah Bannock Russet Umatilla Yukon Gold Summit Russet Ranger Russet Ranger Russet Russet Burbank Alturas Alturas Harley Blackwell Liberator Defender Superior Superior Ida Rose Atlantic Umatilla FL1533 Defender Yukon Gold Atlantic Ivory Crisp FL 1533 Liberator Chipeta Ida Rose Shepody Chipeta Ivory Crisp Shepody 0 10 20 30 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 Root gall index Tuber scab index Bittara and Robinson, Powdery Scab of Potatoes, PP1891, June 2018. 15 2/23/2021 Cultivar susceptibility to PMTV symptoms (NDSU) Sensitive (>15%) Moderately Sensitive Moderately Insensitive Insensitive (<5%) (10-15%) (5 -10%) Dark Red Norland Red Norland Alpine Russet Red Gold Modoc Chieftain Ciklamen Red Tumb Viking Snowden Dakota Ruby Colorado Rose Dakota Crisp Red La Soda Bintje Yukon Gold LaMoka Alturas Most russets Powdery Scab - Variety % Incidence 100 a a a ab 90 bc 80 c d e 70 t c d e f 60 f A s 50 t n a 40 l P e 30 % 20 10 0 Burbank Ranger Norkotah 296 Alturas Umatilla Teton Clearwater Dakota 16 2/23/2021 Powdery Scab - Variety Severity (0-5) 2.5 a 2 b e bc l c a c 1.5 S y t i r d e d v 1 e S e 0.5 f 0 Burbank Ranger Norkotah 296 Alturas Umatilla Teton Clearwater Dakota PMTV - Variety % Incidence of visible symptoms 30 25 a a d e t c 20 e f f A s 15 r e b u T 10 % b 5 c c c c c 0 Burbank Ranger Norkotah 296 Alturas Umatilla Teton Clearwater Dakota Interaction between variety and treatment was not significant. 17 2/23/2021 Effect of Chemical Treatment on Scab and PMTV Russet Norkotah Line 8 Canela Russet 60 90 80 50 70 40 60 e e c c n n 50 e e d d i 30 i c c n n I I 40 % % 20 30 20 10 10 0 0 Tubers w/ Ps PMTV w/ PS PMTV w/o PS Tubers w/ Ps PMTV w/ PS PMTV w/o PS Omega RIDEZ Control Omega RIDEZ Control Zeng et al., 2020, Plant Disease 104:2807-2816 Soil Moisture – Powdery Scab and PMTV Powdery scab PMTV Tuber Necrosis 35 20 a a 18 30 a 16 e 25 e c c 14 ab n n e e d d 12 b i 20 b i c c n n I I b 10 r r e 15 e b b 8 u u T T % % 6 10 c 4 5 2 0 0 Wet Dry, wet Wet, dry Dry Wet Dry, wet Wet, dry Dry Domfeh and Gudmestad, 2016 18 2/23/2021 Summary • More research needed on the effects of fertility (e.g. zinc, manganese) • Fungicide performance is inconsistent at best. – Two nozzle application of Omega (1.5 pt) may offer some control. – Research needed on broadcast vs in-furrow. • Fumigation was effective if covered (chloropicrin) or water-run (metam). • Russet cultivars generally more resistant varieties to tuber lesions. • Link between PS symptoms and PMTV symptoms not solid. • Keeping soil dry = lower PS on tubers and PMTV symptoms 19.
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