Cryptosporidium Ducismarci
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Egyptian Tortoise (Testudo Kleinmanni)
EAZA Reptile Taxon Advisory Group Best Practice Guidelines for the Egyptian tortoise (Testudo kleinmanni) First edition, May 2019 Editors: Mark de Boer, Lotte Jansen & Job Stumpel EAZA Reptile TAG chair: Ivan Rehak, Prague Zoo. EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Egyptian tortoise (Testudo kleinmanni) EAZA Best Practice Guidelines disclaimer Copyright (May 2019) by EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Members of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in these EAZA Best Practice Guidelines has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and the EAZA Reptile TAG make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications, and services. However, EAZA does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. EAZA disclaims all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the EAZA Best Practice Guidelines can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analysed, EAZA strongly recommends that users of this information consult with the editors in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation. EAZA Preamble Right from the very beginning it has been the concern of EAZA and the EEPs to encourage and promote the highest possible standards for husbandry of zoo and aquarium animals. -
Manual for the Differentiation of Captive-Produced and Wild-Caught Turtles and Tortoises (Testudines)
Image: Peter Paul van Dijk Image:Henrik Bringsøe Image: Henrik Bringsøe Image: Andrei Daniel Mihalca Image: Beate Pfau MANUAL F O R T H E DIFFERENTIATION OF CAPTIVE-PRODUCED AND WILD-CAUGHT TURTLES AND TORTOISES (TESTUDINES) PREPARED BY SPECIES360 UNDER CONTRACT FOR THE CITES SECRETARIAT Manual for the differentiation of captive-produced and wild-caught turtles and tortoises (Testudines) This document was prepared by Species360 under contract for the CITES Secretariat. Principal Investigators: Prof. Dalia A. Conde, Ph.D. and Johanna Staerk, Ph.D., Species360 Conservation Science Alliance, https://www.species360.orG Authors: Johanna Staerk1,2, A. Rita da Silva1,2, Lionel Jouvet 1,2, Peter Paul van Dijk3,4,5, Beate Pfau5, Ioanna Alexiadou1,2 and Dalia A. Conde 1,2 Affiliations: 1 Species360 Conservation Science Alliance, www.species360.orG,2 Center on Population Dynamics (CPop), Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark, 3 The Turtle Conservancy, www.turtleconservancy.orG , 4 Global Wildlife Conservation, globalwildlife.orG , 5 IUCN SSC Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, www.iucn-tftsG.org. 6 Deutsche Gesellschaft für HerpetoloGie und Terrarienkunde (DGHT) Images (title page): First row, left: Mixed species shipment (imaGe taken by Peter Paul van Dijk) First row, riGht: Wild Testudo marginata from Greece with damaGe of the plastron (imaGe taken by Henrik BrinGsøe) Second row, left: Wild Testudo marginata from Greece with minor damaGe of the carapace (imaGe taken by Henrik BrinGsøe) Second row, middle: Ticks on tortoise shell (Amblyomma sp. in Geochelone pardalis) (imaGe taken by Andrei Daniel Mihalca) Second row, riGht: Testudo graeca with doG bite marks (imaGe taken by Beate Pfau) Acknowledgements: The development of this manual would not have been possible without the help, support and guidance of many people. -
Abstracts from the 1999 Symposium
UTAH I THE I DESERT TORTOISE COUNCIL ARIZONA NEVADA l I i I / + S v'LEI S % A|. w a CALIFORNIA PROCEEDINGS OF 1999 SYMPOSIUM DESERT TORTOISE COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 SYMPOSIUM A compilation of reports and papers presented at the twenty-fourth annual symposium of the Desert Tortoise Council, March 5-8, 1999 St. George, Utah PUBLICATIONS OF THE DESERT TORTOISE COUNCIL, INC. Members Non-members Proceedings of the 1976 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1977 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1978 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1979 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1980 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1981 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1982 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1983 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1984 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1985 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1986 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1987-91 Desert Tortoise Council Symposia $20,00 $20.00 Proceedings of the 1992 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1993 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1994 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1995 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1996 Desert Tortoise Council Symposium $10.00 $15.00 Proceedings of the 1997-98 Desert Tortoise Council Symposia $10.00 $15.00 Annotated Bibliog raphy of the Desert Tortoise, Gopherus agassizii $10.00 $15.00 Note: Please add $1.00 per copy to cover postage and handling. -
The Conservation Biology of Tortoises
The Conservation Biology of Tortoises Edited by Ian R. Swingland and Michael W. Klemens IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group and The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) No. 5 IUCN—The World Conservation Union IUCN Species Survival Commission Role of the SSC 3. To cooperate with the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is IUCN's primary source of the in developing and evaluating a data base on the status of and trade in wild scientific and technical information required for the maintenance of biological flora and fauna, and to provide policy guidance to WCMC. diversity through the conservation of endangered and vulnerable species of 4. To provide advice, information, and expertise to the Secretariat of the fauna and flora, whilst recommending and promoting measures for their con- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna servation, and for the management of other species of conservation concern. and Flora (CITES) and other international agreements affecting conser- Its objective is to mobilize action to prevent the extinction of species, sub- vation of species or biological diversity. species, and discrete populations of fauna and flora, thereby not only maintain- 5. To carry out specific tasks on behalf of the Union, including: ing biological diversity but improving the status of endangered and vulnerable species. • coordination of a programme of activities for the conservation of biological diversity within the framework of the IUCN Conserva- tion Programme. Objectives of the SSC • promotion of the maintenance of biological diversity by monitor- 1. -
Current Trends in the Husbandry and Veterinary Care of Tortoises Siuna A
Current trends in the husbandry and veterinary care of tortoises Siuna A. Reid BVMS CertAVP(ZooMed) MRCVS Presented to the BCG symposium at the Open University, Milton Keynes on 25th March 2017 Introduction Tortoises have been kept as pets for centuries but have recently gained even more popularity now that there has been an increase in the number of domestically bred tortoises. During the 1970s there was the beginning of a movement to change the law and also the birth of the British Chelonia Group. A small group of forward thinking reptile keepers and vets began to realise that more had to be done to care for and treat this group of pets. They also recognized the drawbacks of the legislation in place under the Department of the Environment, restricting the numbers of tortoises being imported to 100,000 per annum and a minimum shell length of 4 inches (10.2cm). Almost all tortoises were wild caught and husbandry and hibernation meant surviving through the summer in preparation for five to six months of hibernation. With the gradual decline in wild caught tortoises, this article compares the husbandry and veterinary practice then with today’s very different husbandry methods and the problems that these entail. Importation Tortoises have been imported for hundreds of years. The archives of the BCG have been used to loosely sum up the history of tortoise keeping in the UK. R A tortoise was bought for 2s/6d from a sailor in 1740 (Chatfield 1986) R Records show as early as the 1890s tortoises were regularly being brought to the UK R In 1951 250 surplus tortoises were found dumped in a street in London –an application for a ban was refused R In 1952 200,000 tortoises were imported R In 1978 the RSPCA prosecuted a Japanese restaurant for cooking a tortoise – boiled alive (Vodden 1983) R In 1984 a ban on importation of Mediterranean tortoises was finally approved 58 © British Chelonia Group + Siuna A. -
Chelonoidis Chathamensis)
Volume 6 • 2018 10.1093/conphys/coy004 Research article Biochemistry and hematology parameters of the San Cristóbal Galápagos tortoise (Chelonoidis chathamensis) Gregory A. Lewbart1,*, John A. Griffioen1, Alison Savo1, Juan Pablo Muñoz-Pérez2, Carlos Ortega3, Andrea Loyola3, Sarah Roberts1, George Schaaf1, David Steinberg4, Steven B. Osegueda2, Michael G. Levy1 and Diego Páez-Rosas2,3 1College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA 2Galápagos Science Center, University San Francisco de Quito, Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristobal, Galápagos, Ecuador 3Dirección Parque Nacional Galápagos, Galapagos, Ecuador 4Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Coker Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA *Corresponding author: College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA. Email: [email protected] .............................................................................................................................................................. As part of a planned introduction of captive Galapagos tortoises (Chelonoidis chathamensis) to the San Cristóbal highland farms, our veterinary team performed thorough physical examinations and health assessments of 32 tortoises. Blood sam- ples were collected for packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), white blood cell count (WBC) differential, estimated WBC and a biochemistry panel including lactate. In some cases not all of the values were obtainable but most of the tortoises have full complements of results. Despite a small number of minor abnormalities this was a healthy group of mixed age and sex tortoises that had been maintained with appropriate husbandry. This work establishes part of a scientific and tech- nical database to provide qualitative and quantitative information when establishing sustainable development strategies aimed at the conservation of Galapagos tortoises. -
Serum Biochemical Parameters of Asian Tortoise (Agrionemys Horsfieldi)
International Journal of Veterinary Research Serum biochemical parameters of Asian tortoise (Agrionemys horsfieldi) Pourkabir, M.1 *; Rostami, A. 2 ; Mansour, H. 1 and Tohid-Kia, M.R.1 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 2Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Key Words: Abstract Asian tortoise; serum; biochemistry. At present, a great deal of attention is being focused on the tortoise as a domestic pet. Knowledge of the blood biochemical parameters in captivity Correspondence of this animal would be helpful for evaluations of their health. In this regard, Pourkabir, M., the serum biochemical values were measured in 12 Asian tortoises (6 males Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of and 6 females) before hibernation. Serum values of total protein (TOP) Tehran, P.O. Box: 14155-6453, Tehran, 63.19 ± 7.57 g/L, Albumin (Alb) 47.24 ± 10.66 g/L, creatinine (Crea) 57.4 ± Iran. 4.68 µmmol/L, glucose (Glc) 81.46 ± 21.88 mmol/L, urea 7.52 ± 2.74 Tel: +98(21) 61117147 mmol/L, uric acid (UA) 0.11 ± 0.028 mmol/L, aspartate transaminase Fax: +98(21) 66933222 (AST) 0.46 ± 0.017 µkal/L, alanine transaminase (ALT) 0.44 ± 0.053 Email: [email protected] µkal/L, amylase 1,157 ± 33.96 µkal/L, calcium (Ca) 2.74 ± 0.65 mmol/L, magnesium (Mg) 1.98 ± 0.24 mmol/L, and inorganic phosphorus (P) 1.26 ± Received 03 December 2009, 0.101 mmol/L were determined respectively. There were no significant Accepted 18 May 2010 differences in TOP, Alb, Glc, Crea, urea, UA, AST, ALT, amylase, Ca and P, and also Mg levels between males and females. -
Fatal Caeco-Colic Impaction in a Captive African Spurred Tortoise (Geochelone Sulcata)
Global Veterinaria 15 (5): 466-468, 2015 ISSN 1992-6197 © IDOSI Publications, 2015 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.gv.2015.15.05.93243 Short Communication: Fatal Caeco-Colic Impaction in a Captive African Spurred Tortoise (Geochelone sulcata) 12M.O. Tijani, C.K. Ezeasor and 3T.K. Adebiyi 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 2Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Nigeria 3Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Abstract: The carcass of a 26 year old African spurred tortoise with a history of anorexia of four days duration was presented for necropsy at the Department of Veterinary pathology, University of Ibadan. Necropsy revealed total obstruction of the caecum and proximal part of the colon with an entangled mass of polythene and cotton material, intestinal necrosis and haemorrhage, severe gastrointestinal congestion, pulmonary and hepatic congestion. Histopathology of the colon revealed severe diffuse necrosis and loss of epithelium, severe haemorrhage in the lamina propria, oedema of the submucosa and congestion of blood vessels in the lamina propria, submucosa and muscularis externa. There was severe congestion of the hepatic sinusoids. Although there have been several reports on the obstruction of the gastrointestinal tracts of captive tortoises with foreign materials such as gravel and corn cob; obstruction of the caecum and colon of African spurred tortoises with polythene and cotton material have not been reported. We hereby report a case of fatal caecum-colic impaction in a captive African spurred tortoise. Key words: African Spurred Tortoise Caecum Colon Impaction INTRODUCTION tortoise in Nigeria and this perhaps is the first report of caeco-colic impaction in the African spurred tortoise in Gastrointestinal obstructions are commonly seen Nigeria. -
Russian Tortoise (Testudo Horsfieldii) Care Compiled by Dayna Willems, DVM
Russian Tortoise (Testudo horsfieldii) Care Compiled by Dayna Willems, DVM Brief Description The Russian Tortoise is a popular pet due to its small size and interactive personality. Native to central Asia, almost all available Russian Tortoises are wild caught as young adults (10-20 years old) and then imported for sale in the US. Unfortunately after being taken from the wild tortoises often have trouble adapting to captivity and die premature deaths from inadequate care. When scared tortoises will withdraw their body into their shell and their armored front legs will protect their head. The shell is living tissue and should never be pierced or painted. Adult size is 6-10" on average. Sexing The males will have longer tails the females and once mature the plastron (bottom part of the shell) will be concave and a longer, more pointed tail with a longer distance between vent and tail tip than the stubby tail of females where the vent is closer to the shell. Lifespan With proper care the average expected lifespan is 40-80 years on average. Caging Tortoises need large enclosures and should be in a 40 gallon tank or larger. An outdoor enclosure safe from predators or escape attempts is very beneficial when weather permits. Large containers such as Rubbermaid storage boxes or livestock troughs can also be used for enclosures successfully and inexpensively. There should be one or two things for your tortoise to hide under - half log, half buried clay pot, etc. Outdoor pens will need to be secure to keep tortoises in and predators (especially dogs) out. -
Marginated Tortoise Care Sheet
Marginated tortoise care sheet The Marginated Tortoise makes a great pet for beginners and experienced hobbyists alike. They remain one of the most popular species of pet tortoise in the UK. We think this is due to their great characters and adaptability. They can live for over 100 years and will grow to a shell length of between 12-14 inches. Marginated Tortoise Enclosure Marginated Tortoises require a tortoise table as their enclosure. This is because tortoise tables allow the maximum surface area for your tortoise to roam and regulate their temperature. Wooden vivariums do not offer sufficient airflow. This can cause high humidity which can lead to respiratory problems. Glass vivariums are also unsuitable for the same reason. As tortoise tables have an open top, they should be placed on a stable base and away from other pets or small children. Tortoises can go outside under close supervision as they are expert climbers and diggers! It is best to use a suitable run with a shaded area to keep them in one place. This will keep out other animals and keep your tortoise away from unsuitable plants that may be poisonous. Temperature Marginated Tortoises require a basking temperature of 85-90°F (30-32°C). This is the warmest temperature directly under the heat bulb. The cooler areas of the table need to be around 68°F (20°C). For this reason, it is best to position the lamp towards the side of the table furthest from the bedding area. In a warm home, you may turn heat and UVB bulbs off at night. -
Year of the Turtle News No
Year of the Turtle News No. 9 September 2011 Basking in the Wonder of Turtles www.YearoftheTurtle.org Taking Action for Turtles: Year of the Turtle Federal Partners Work to Protect Turtles Across the U.S. Last month, we presented a look at the current efforts being undertaken by many state agencies across the U.S. in an effort to protect turtles nationwide. Federal efforts have been equally important. With hundreds of millions of acres of herpetofaunal habitats under their stewardship, and their many biologists and resource managers, federal agencies play a key role in managing turtle populations in the wild, including land management, supporting and conducting scientific studies, and in regulating and protecting rare and threatened turtles and tortoises. What follows is a collection of work being done by federal agency partners to discover new scientific information and to manage turtles and tortoises across the U.S. – Terry Riley, National Park Service, PARC Federal Agencies Coordinator Alligator Snapping Turtles at common and distributed throughout habitat use, distribution, home Sequoyah National Wildlife all of the area’s major river systems. range, and age structure. Currently, Refuge*, Oklahoma Current populations have declined the refuge collaborates with Alligator The appearance of an Alligator dramatically and now are restricted Snapping Turtle researchers from Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys to a few remote or protected Oklahoma State University, Missouri temminckii) is nearly unforgettable locations. Habitat alterations and More Federal Turtle Projects on p. 8 – the spiked shell, the beak-like jaw, overharvest have likely contributed the thick, scaled tail, not to mention to their declines. Sequoyah National the unique worm-like appendage that Wildlife Refuge boasts one of the lures their prey just close enough to healthiest populations in the state. -
Proposed Amendment to 21CFR124021
Richard Fife 8195 S. Valley Vista Drive Hereford, AZ 85615 December 07, 2015 Division of Dockets Management Food and Drug Administration 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061 Rockville, MD 20852 Reference: Docket Number FDA-2013-S-0610 Proposed Amendment to Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Volume 8 Revised as of April 1, 2015 21CFR Sec.1240.62 Dear Dr. Stephen Ostroff, M.D., Acting Commissioner: Per discussion with the Division of Dockets Management staff on November 10, 2015 Environmental and Economic impact statements are not required for petitions submitted under 21CFR Sec.1240.62 CITIZEN PETITION December 07, 2015 ACTION REQUESTED: I propose an amendment to 21CFR Sec.1240.62 (see exhibit 1) as allowed by Section (d) Petitions as follows: Amend section (c) Exceptions. The provisions of this section are not applicable to: By adding the following two (2) exceptions: (5) The sale, holding for sale, and distribution of live turtles and viable turtle eggs, which are sold for a retail value of $75 or more (not to include any additional turtle related apparatuses, supplies, cages, food, or other turtle related paraphernalia). This dollar amount should be reviewed every 5 years or more often, as deemed necessary by the department in order to make adjustments for inflation using the US Department of Labor, Bureau of labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index. (6) The sale, holding for sale, and distribution of live turtles and viable turtle eggs, which are listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List as Extinct In Wild, Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable (IUCN threatened categorizes).