US 20040071757A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0071757 A1 ROlf (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 15, 2004

(54) INHALATION ANTIVIRAL PATCH Publication Classification

(76) Inventor: David Rolf, Eden Prairie, MN (US) (51) Int. CI.7. ... A61K 35/78; A61K 9/70 (52) U.S. Cl...... 424/443; 424/778 Correspondence Address: SCHWEGMAN, LUNDBERG, WOESSNER & KLUTH, PA. (57) ABSTRACT P.O. BOX 2938 MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55402 (US) The present invention provides a method for preventing a respiratory infection in a mammal at risk thereof. The (21) Appl. No.: 10/458,078 method includes contacting a live respiratory pathogen at (22) Filed: Jun. 10, 2003 risk of entering the respiratory tract of the mammal with a therapeutically effective amount of an essential oil. The live Related U.S. Application Data respiratory pathogen is inactivated upon contact with the essential oil. The Source of the essential oil is a patch located (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 10/300,559, in the vicinity of the nasal passageway of the mammal. The filed on Nov. 20, 2002. present invention also provides a kit that includes the adhesive patch, a mask for placing over the nasal passage (60) Provisional application No. 60/333,109, filed on Nov. way, packaging material, and optionally instructions for 20, 2001. using the adhesive patch and mask. Patent Application Publication Apr. 15, 2004 Sheet 1 of 5 US 2004/0071757 A1

FIG. 2 Patent Application Publication Apr. 15, 2004 Sheet 2 of 5 US 2004/0071757 A1

FIG. 3

FIG. 4 Patent Application Publication Apr. 15, 2004 Sheet 3 of 5 US 2004/0071757 A1

Patent Application Publication Apr. 15, 2004 Sheet 4 of 5 US 2004/0071757 A1

1 0.50 NCHES

--- O.75 NCHES

FIG. 7

2.0 NCHES 1

a- a 5.0 NCHES FIG. 8 Patent Application Publication Apr. 15, 2004 Sheet 5 of 5 US 2004/0071757 A1 N

27-277, AYS 7 2 gTHAH 21 5 22 10 F1 16 FIG. 1 O US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

INHALATION ANTIVIRAL PATCH plish this. This may also include people who are afflicted with mental, psychological, or neurological disorders (e.g., BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Alzheimer's Disease). 0001) Essential oils, also known as “essences” or “vola 0006. Many essential oils are Superb skin care agents. tile oils,” are the highly odoriferous, liquid components They help to balance Sebum (the skin's natural oil Secretion), obtained from plant tissue. ESSential oils are usually cap and to tone the complexion by Supporting capillary function. tured by Steam distillation, a process whose origins can be Applied without massage, essential oils can heal skin prob traced back to ancient Mesopotamia. Unlike ordinary veg lems. Such as athlete's foot, cold Sores, ringworm and etable oils, Such as corn and olive, plant essences are highly Scabies. They can alleviate cold and flu Symptoms and are volatile and will evaporate if left in the open air. The word also efficacious for problems. Such as coughs, tonsillitis, Sore “essential” is derived from quintessence, which the Oxford throats, sinusitis and acute bronchitis. English Dictionary defines as “an extract of a Substance 0007 While each essential oil has its own unique prop containing its principle in its most concentrated form'. In erties, many also share Some common therapeutic actions. ancient philosophical or alchemical terms, quintessence was All plant essences are antiseptics to a greater or lesser related to ether or the fifth element and was thought to be the degree, good examples being eucalyptus, tea tree and thyme. Spiritual aspect of matter. It is also interesting to mention Some oils are endowed with antiviral properties as well; that essential oils are Sometimes called “ethereal oils', a garlic and tea tree being two of the most powerful. For Germanic term which aptly describes their otherworldly obvious reasons, garlic essence is not usually employed in nature; for if left in the open air they disappear without a aromatherapy massage (though it has been known) but trace, evaporating into the ether like a mist. instead, is taken as a medicine in the form of garlic capsules. 0002 Essential oils may be found in different parts of the Many essences, notably rosemary and juniper, are also plant: in the petals (rose), leaves (eucalyptus), roots of grass antirheumatic. When rubbed into the skin, they stimulate (Vetiver), bark (cinnamon), heartwood (Sandalwood), citrus blood and lymphatic circulation and increase oxygen to the rind (lemon), Seeds (caraway), rhizomes (Valerian), bulbs painful areas, which in turn aids the elimination of tissue (garlic), the aerial or top parts of the plant (marjoram) or wastes (uric and lactic acids, for example) which contribute resin (frankincense), and Sometimes in more than one part of to the pain of arthritic and rheumatic complaints. the plant. Lavender, for instance, yields oil from both the 0008 Essential oils typically include a mixture of one or flowers and the leaves, while the orange tree produces three more terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, different Smelling essences with varying medicinal proper and/or oxides. These functional classes of compounds are ties; the heady bitter-sweet neroli (flowers), the similar responsible for the therapeutic properties of the essential oil. though less refined scent of petit-grain (leaves) and the Specifically, common terpenes include limonene (an antivi cheery orange (rind of the fruit). ral agent found in 90 percent of citrus oils), and pinene (an 0.003 Most essential oils consist of hundreds of compo antiseptic found in high concentrations in pine and turpen nents, Such as terpenes and their oxygenated derivatives, tine oils). Others, Such as chamaZulene and farneSol (found alcohols, aldehydes, and carboxylic esters. For this reason a in chamomile essence), possess remarkable anti-inflamma Single oil can help a wide variety of disorders. Lavender, for tory and bactericidal properties. instance, is endowed with antiseptic, antibacterial, antibi 0009. The most widespread group of esters found in plant otic, antidepressant, analgesic, decongestant, and Sedative essences include linallyl acetate (found in clary Sage and properties. Moreover, due to their Small molecular size, lavender), and geranyl acetate (found in Sweet marjoram). essential oils applied to the skin can readily enter into the Esters are fungicidal and Sedative, usually with a fruity odor. bloodstream. Aldehydes are found notably in lemon-Scented essences, 0004 Quite apart from their medicinal properties, it is Such as lemongrass and citronella. Aldehydes generally have believed that just Smelling an essential oil can uplift the a Sedative, though uplifting, quality. Spirits and make uS feel better. This is because the Sense of 0010 Certain ketones are known to be toxic, so this Smell is an interrelated aspect of the limbic System, which is chemical group is regarded with a degree of caution. How an area of the brain which is primarily concerned with ever, it is misleading to generalize about the toxicity of emotion and memory. Indeed, this influence of aroma on the individual chemical components without knowing the exact psyche has led Some aromatherapists to practice what is now ratio of the Substance in relation to other chemicals in the called "psycho-aromatherapy”, whereby oils are used Solely whole oil. Certain essences, however, do contain appreciable as mood enhancing Substances. By enabling a person to quantities of toxic ketones, So should be avoided by lay relax deeply, to let go of all their cares, even for just a while, people. Mugwort, tansy, wormwood and common Sage it is potentially powerful enough to activate the body's own contain the potentially risky thujone, while pennyroyal innate Self-healing ability. Not only does aromatherapy contains pulegone. Non-toxic ketones include jasmone, alleviate StreSS and improve mood, it is a Successful treat found in jasmine, and fenchone in Sweet fennel. Ketones ment for all manner of minor disorders for which doctors ease congestion and aid the flow of mucus, which is why cannot always find a gentle Solution, i.e., a Solution free of plants and essences containing relatively large quantities of the potentially harmful effects of drugs. these Substances are usually helpful for upper respiratory complaints. 0005. It is also believed that just smelling a particular Scent can trigger a perSon to remember a specific event or 0011. Some of the most common alcohols include linalol occurrence. Many people who wish to recall or remember (found in abundance in lavender), citronellol (rose, lemon, past events in their lives can utilize essential oils to accom eucalyptus and geranium) and geraniol (geranium and pal US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

marosa). These Substances tend to have good antiseptic and with one or more additional essential oils, and that Some of antiviral properties and an uplifting quality. Phenols are the combinations result in at least one of the essential oils bactericidal with a strong, Stimulating effect on the central having a Surprisingly Synergistic effect (i.e., at least Some of nervous System. ESSential oils containing relatively large the essential oils, in combination, will have a greater thera quantities of certain phenols are potentially irritant to skin peutic indeX than the combined therapeutic indexes of the and mucous membranes. Common caustic phenols include individual essential oils). eugenol (found in clove essence), thymol (thyme) and carvacrol (oregano). However, anethole (from fennel) and 0017. Essential oils are known to have activity, e.g., estragole (tarragon) are not at all caustic. Oxides are found against respiratory tract pathogens. See, e.g., Journal Anti in a wide range of essences, especially those of a campho microbial Chemotherapy (2001) 47, 565-573; Journal raceous nature, Such as rosemary, eucalyptus, tea tree and Allergy Clinical Immunology, May 1996, 1133-1138; U.S. cajuput. Oxides tend to have an expectorant effect; for Pat. No. 5,322,689; U.S. Pat. No. 6,447.816; and Japanese example, eucalyptol (eucalyptus). Patent No.JP 5,306,217. These references, however, do not disclose devices that include Such essential oils in known, 0012 Many essential oils are unstable at room tempera discrete, Safe, and effective amounts. ture, especially over an extended period of time. This results in the necessity of essential oils being Stored in cool dark 0018. Accordingly, what is needed is a device that places. Additionally, many essential oils are messy and includes an essential oil. The device will include a known, inconvenient to use. This usually requires handlers of the discrete, Safe, and effective amount of essential oil. The essential oil to wash their hands after using the essential oil. device will maintain the stability of the essential oil over an It is also difficult for many handlers of essential oils to use extended period of time. The device will also be convenient the appropriate amount of essential oil, especially when the to use. Additionally, the device will allow for the prevention of a disease associated with an airborne pathogen or respi essential oil must be diluted immediately prior to use. ratory tract pathogen, utilizing an essential oil in a known, 0013 U.S. Pat Nos. 6,096,334; 6,096,333; 5,741,510; Safe, efficient, and convenient manner. and 5,536,263 disclose adhesive patches that include a formulation that is partially embedded. The formulation can SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION include methyl Salicylate (oil of wintergreen), menthol, camphor, eucalyptus oil, or Spearmint oil. Although the 0019. The present invention provides for the use of an adhesive patches that include these compounds, alone or in adhesive patch in preventing and/or treating respiratory combination with each other, have detectable odors that can infections. The adhesive patch includes an essential oil in a illicit a response from a given individual, they are not known, discrete, safe, and effective amount. Specifically, the disclosed or Suggested to be able to kill airborne pathogens adhesive patch includes an essential oil in an amount per or respiratory tract pathogens. mitted by the United States Food and Drug Administraion (FDA). The adhesive patch maintains the stability of the 0014 U.S. Pat. No. 6,090,403 discloses an adhesive essential oil over an extended period of time. The adhesive patch that includes a formulation. The formulation can patch is also convenient to use. Additionally, the adhesive include oil of wintergreen, menthol, thymol, camphor, oil of patch allows for the prevention of other diseases associated peppermint, eucalyptus oil, Spirits of turpentine, ephedra, with airborne pathogens, respiratory tract pathogens, or a coltsfoot, or ginger. The formulation, however, is not dis closed or Suggested to be partially embedded in the backing combination thereof. of the adhesive patch. Additionally, although the adhesive 0020. The present invention provides a method for pre patches that include these compounds, alone or in combi venting a respiratory infection in a mammal at risk thereof. nation with each other, are not disclosed or Suggested to be The method includes contacting a live respiratory pathogen able to kill airborne pathogens or respiratory tract patho at risk of entering the respiratory tract of the mammal with genS. a therapeutically effective amount of an essential oil, Such that the live respiratory pathogen is inactivated upon contact 0015 U.S. Pat Nos. 4,675,009 and 4,307,717 disclose with the essential oil, wherein the Source of the essential oil adhesive patches that include a formulation. The formula is a patch located in the vicinity of the nasal passageway of tion can include cinnamon oil, fir needle oil, lemon oil, the mammal. peppermint oil, Peruvian Balsam, or Spearmint. The formu lation, however, is not disclosed or Suggested to be partially 0021. The present invention also provides a method for embedded in the backing of the adhesive patch. Addition preventing a respiratory viral infection in a mammal at risk ally, although the adhesive patches that include these com thereof. The method includes contacting a live respiratory pounds, alone or in combination with each other, are not Virus with a prophylactically effective amount of an essential disclosed or Suggested to be able to kill airborne pathogens oil, Such that the live respiratory virus is inactivated upon or respiratory tract pathogens. contact with the essential oil, wherein the Source of the 0016. The above issued U.S. patents do not disclose that essential oil is a patch located in the vicinity of the nasal each of the essential oils disclosed therein (e.g., methyl passageway of the mammal. Salicylate (oil of wintergreen), menthol, camphor, eucalyp 0022. The present invention also provides a method for tus oil, Spearmint oil, thymol, oil of peppermint, Spirits of preventing the transmission of a respiratory infection turpentine, ephedra, coltsfoot, ginger, cinnamon oil, fir between mammals. The method includes contacting a live needle oil, lemon oil, and Peruvian Balsam, can be used in respiratory pathogen exiting the respiratory tract of a first combination with one or more other essential oils. Specifi mammal with a therapeutically effective amount of an cally, the above issued U.S. patents do not disclose that the essential oil, Such that the live respiratory pathogen is essential oils disclosed therein can be used in combination inactivated upon contact with the essential oil, wherein the US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

Source of the essential oil is a patch located in the vicinity 0032 FIG. 4 illustrates the back side of an adhesive of the nasal passageway of the first mammal. patch useful in the present invention, with a release liner 0023 The present invention also provides a method for attached to the patch. preventing the transmission of a respiratory infection 0033 FIG. 5 illustrates the back side of an adhesive between mammals. The method includes contacting a live patch useful in the present invention, with a release liner respiratory pathogen at risk of entering the respiratory tract attached to the patch and the patch is partially detached from of a first mammal with a therapeutically effective amount of the release liner. an essential oil, Such that the live respiratory pathogen is 0034 FIG. 6 illustrates the back side of an adhesive inactivated upon contact with the essential oil, wherein the patch useful in the present invention, with a release liner Source of the essential oil is a patch located in the vicinity attached to the patch and the patch is partially detached from of the nasal passageway of the first mammal. the release liner. 0024. The present invention also provides a method for inhibiting a respiratory pathogen. The method includes 0035 FIG. 7 illustrates a top view of a specific patch contacting a live respiratory pathogen with a therapeutically useful in the present invention. effective amount of an essential oil, Such that the live 0036 FIG. 8 illustrates a top view of a specific patch respiratory pathogen is inactivated upon contact with the useful in the present invention. essential oil, wherein the Source of the essential oil is a patch 0037 FIG. 9 illustrates a specific adhesive skin patch located in the vicinity of the respiratory pathogen. useful in the present invention, wherein the patch is in use. 0.025 The present invention also provides a method for treating a respiratory infection in a mammal infected thereof 0038 FIG. 10 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional or at risk thereof. The method includes contacting a live View of a Specific patch useful in the present invention. respiratory pathogen with a therapeutically effective amount DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE of an essential oil, Such that the live respiratory pathogen is INVENTION inactivated upon contact with the essential oil, wherein the Source of the essential oil is a patch located in the vicinity 0039 The present invention provides for the use of an of the nasal passageway of the mammal. adhesive patch in preventing respiratory infections. The adhesive patch includes an essential oil in a known, discrete, 0026. The present invention also provides a kit that Safe, and effective amount. The adhesive patch maintains the includes: (a) a patch that includes a flexible backing having stability of the essential oil over an extended period of time. a front side and a back Side and a formulation positioned on The adhesive patch is also convenient to use. Additionally, at least a portion of the front Side of the backing, in at least the adhesive patch allows for the prevention of other disease a portion of the front Side of the backing, or on and in at least asSociated with airborne pathogens, respiratory tract patho a portion of the front Side of the backing, wherein the gens, or a combination thereof. formulation that includes a therapeutically effective respi ratory pathogen inhibiting amount of an essential oil; (b) a 0040. References in the specification to “one embodi mask for placing over the nasal passageway of a mammal; ment”, “an embodiment”, “an example embodiment', etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a and (c) packaging material. particular feature, Structure, or characteristic, but every 0027. The patch can include a flexible backing having a embodiment may not necessarily include the particular front Side and a back Side and a formulation positioned on feature, Structure, or characteristic. Moreover, Such phrases at least a portion of the front Side of the backing, in at least are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Fur a portion of the front Side of the backing, or on and in at least ther, when a particular feature, Structure, or characteristic is a portion of the front Side of the backing, wherein the described in connection with an embodiment, it is Submitted formulation includes the essential oil. that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect Such feature, Structure, or characteristic in connection BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. 0028 Embodiments of the invention may be best under 0041. The present invention provides a unique adhesive stood by referring to the following description and accom vehicle. The vehicle has pressure Sensitive adhesive quali panying drawings which illustrate Such embodiments. The ties due to its composition and Viscoelastic nature. The numbering Scheme for the Figures included herein are Such adhesive is hydrophilic and therefore water can dissolve into that the leading number for a given reference number in a or evaporate from the adhesive, depending on the conditions Figure is associated with the number of the Figure. For to which it is exposed. This water exchange capability example, an adhesive patch 1 can be located in FIG. 1. implies that if the adhesive is on a Suitably porous backing However, reference numbers are the same for those elements and is applied to the skin, it will not be occlusive as most that are the Same acroSS different Figures. In the drawings: drug delivery patches are. The occlusive nature of conven tional drug delivery patches is thought to play an important 0029 FIG. 1 illustrates the front side of an adhesive role in enhancing drug absorption, but also often results in patch useful in the present invention. greater incidence of Skin irritation. The relatively low occlu 0030 FIG. 2 illustrates the back side of an adhesive Siveness of the present invention can be envisioned to be a patch useful in the present invention. Special adhesive ointment or gel which is water-breathable, 0031 FIG. 3 illustrates the front side of an adhesive Such as a water washable or water Soluble ointment or gel. patch useful in the present invention, with a release liner 0042. The present invention provides an ointment or gel attached to the patch. on a backing. The ointment or gel includes an essential oil US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

in a known, discrete, Safe, and effective amount. The adhe skin to pass. The backing 2 can have any Suitable thickness, Sive patch maintains the Stability of the essential oil over an provided the suitable thickness allows for a flexible, bend extended period of time. The backing is pliable and/or able, pliable, vapor permeable, and/or a stretchable sheet of Stretchable. Since the backing can be porous and/or vapor water insoluble porous material. Specifically, the thickneSS permeable, many consumers typically refer to the device as of the backing 2 can be about 0.001 mm to about 5.0 mm, a “patch,” a “skin patch,” or an “adhesive skin patch.' AS about 0.001 mm to about 3.0 mm, or about 0.025 mm to Such, the device (i.e., the ointment or gel on the backing) about 1.25 mm. will herein be referred to as a patch, a skin patch, an adhesive 0048. The backing 2 can be manufactured from any skin patch and/or as an antiviral inhalation patch. It is Suitable material, provided the Suitable material can form a appreciated that those skilled in the art understand that the flexible, bendable, pliable, and/or stretchable backing 2. The term “patch” is used to refer to the device and is not backing 2 includes a flexible porous sheet of water Soluble otherwise limiting in any manner. or water insoluble material that provides Support for the 0043. It is appreciated that those of skill in the art adhesive skin patch 1. The backing 2 can include water understand that the terms used herein, unless expressly Soluble or water insoluble polymeric fibers, a porous film, or Stated otherwise, include the Singular as well as the plural. any other kind of matrix with Spaces within the matrix. A For example, the term “essential oil 15 includes the singular Specific backing 2 is a lightweight, porous, pliable Strip (i.e., one essential oil) as well as the plural (i.e., two or more composed of a nonwoven fabric of polymeric or natural essential oils). fiberS Such as polyester, cotton or cellulose fibers bonded 0044 As used herein, “holdout” refers to the physical together with a sizing resin. The backing 2 can be woven or properties of a backing, relating to the ability of a specific nonwoven. Preferably, the backing 2 includes nonwoven class of gels or ointments to penetrate, croSS- link, wet, fabric. and/or cure within the matrix of the backing. A specific class 0049 Specifically, the backing 2 can include polyester of gels or ointments may or may not be able to penetrate a fibers, polyurethane fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyamide given backing. Upon penetration of a gel or ointment into a fibers, natural fibers, cotton fibers, copolyester fibers, cellu backing, the gel or ointment will croSS-link, wet, or cure in lose acetate fibers, polyceilulose fibers, or any mixture the backing. AS Such, the holdout properties are the ability thereof. Additional stable, water insoluble flexible sheet of the gel or ointment to affect the degree of penetration, materials and methods for manufacturing the Suitable back croSS-linking, wetting, and/or curing within the matrix of the ings 2 are disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,675,009; U.S. backing. Those backings with Superior holdout properties Pat. No. 5,536,263; U.S. Pat. No. 4,696,854; U.S. Pat. No. will typically prevent, decrease, or lessen the likelihood of 5,741,510, and references cited therein, and are suitable as the ointment or gel from Wetting the backing, will typically backings 2 according to the present invention. The infusion increase the likelihood of the ointment or gel to croSS-link of the formulation 5 into the backing 2 can be accomplished, within the matrix of the backing, will typically increase the e.g., with the use of a continuous process mixer, as dis likelihood of the ointment or gel to cure within the matrix of closed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,263, and references cited the backing, and/or will typically prevent, decrease, or therein; or as discussed herein. increase the likelihood of the ointment or gel to partially 0050 Alternatively, the backing 2 can be a non-woven penetrate the matrix of the backing. backing 2 that is treated by coating: the front side 3 of the 0045 Referring to FIGS. 1-10, an adhesive patch 1 of the backing adhesive patch 1, the back Side 4 of the backing 2, present invention is provided. The adhesive patch 1 includes or both the frontside 3 and back side 4 of the backing 2; with a formulation 5 located on at least a portion of the front side a Silicone-containing compound, a fluorocarbon Solution, or 3 of the backing 2, in at least a portion of the front side 3 of a combination thereof. Suitable Silicone-containing com the backing 2, or on and in at least a portion of the front Side pounds include, e.g., polydimethyl Siloxanes, dialkylsilox 3 of the backing 2. Preferably, the formulation 5 is partially anes, dimethylsiloxo Vinyl alkenes, dialkylsiloxo vinyl alk embedded in at least a portion of the front side 3 of the enes, dimethylsiloxoacrylates, dialkylsiloxoacrylates, vinyl backing 2. In addition to being located in at least a portion terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and Vinyl terminated of the front side 3 of the backing 2, the formulation 5 is polydialkylsiloxane. The exemplary Silicone-containing located on a portion of the surface of front side 3 of the compounds are commercially available from, e.g., Gold backing 2. Preferably, the formulation 5 is located on the schmidt Chemical Corp. (Essen, Germany); GE Silicones entire surface of the front side 3 of the backing 2. (Waterford, N.Y.); Wacker Silicone Corp. (Adrian, Mich.); 0046 Backing and Dow Corning Corp. (Midland, Mich.). 0051. The backing 2 can be manufactured from a suitable 0047 The backing 2 is defined by a front side 3 (the side non-woven fabric that is commercially available from, e.g., exposed to the skin during use) and a back Side 4 (the Side Freudenberg Faservliesstoffe KG (Weinham, Germany); exposed to the environment during use). The backing 2 Sontara Technologies (division of DuPont Corporation) (Old should be nonirritating to human skin. The backing 2 is a Hickory, Tenn.); Lystil S. A. (Brignoud Cedex, France); Self-Supporting sheet of water Soluble or water insoluble, Dexter Nonwovens (Windsor Locks, Conn.); and Chicopee polymeric or natural material that provides Strength and (New Brusnwick, N.J.). Other commercial vendors that integrity for the formulation 5. The backing 2 of the adhesive Supply Suitable non-woven fabrics can be found at the patch 1 can be vapor permeable. The backing 2 can also be Technical Textile website (http://www.technical-textiles.net/ porous, Since porosity provides openings for receiving the technical-textiles-index/org.htm). formulation 5 and it helps to assure that the adhesive skin patch 1 is vapor permeable. Specifically, the backing 2 can 0052. It has surprisingly been discovered that the use of retain the formulation 5 while allowing moisture from the a treated backing, Such as a fluorocarbon treated non-woven US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

backing, typically increases the yield of an adhesive patch. Vilmed M1573 F, Vilmed M1573 FH, Vilmed M1577 F, The use of a backing material that has been treated with a Vilmed M1578 F, and Vilmed M1578 FH; which are all sizing agent allows for the effective control of the rate of commercially available from Freudenberg Faservliesstoffe penetration, Such that the gel or ointment has Solidified after KG (Weinham, Germany). it has begun to penetrate the backing, but before it has passed completely through the backing. In addition, the use of a 0056. As shown in FIGS. 1-6 and 9-10, the backing 2 backing material that has been treated with a sizing agent includes a front side 3 and a back side 4. The adhesive skin allows for the effective control of the depth to which the patch 1 includes a formulation 5 located in at least a portion ointment or gel will easily penetrate before Solidifying. It of the front Side 3 of the backing 2, on at least a portion of has Surprisingly been discovered that increasing the control the front Side 3 of the backing 2, or on and in at least a of the rate at which the ointment or gel penetrates the portion of the front side 3 of the backing 2. As such, the backing typically improves the overall yield of the produc formulation 5 can be located on the entire Surface of the tion process by reducing the amount of material which must front side 3 of the backing 2 or the formulation 5 can be be discarded because the back Side of the backing has located on a portion of the surface of the front side 3 of the become too tacky for either processing or for consumer backing 2. acceptance. 0057 Preferably, the formulation 5 can be located on the 0.053 At least a portion of the backing 2 can be treated entire surface of the front side 3 of the backing 2. In addition with a sizing agent 8 Such that the portion of the backing 2 to being located on the surface of the front side 3 of the that is treated with the sizing agent 8 has a Surface energy of backing 2, the formulation 5 can be located in at least a about 20 dynes/cm' to about 65 dynes/cm'. Specifically, the portion of the underlying surface of the front side 3 of the portion of the backing 2 that is treated with the sizing agent backing 2 (i.e., the formulation 5 can be partially embedded 8 can have a surface energy of about 27 dynes/cm° to about into the backing 2). 56 dyneS/cm. The sizing agent 8 lowers the Surface energy 0.058 As shown in FIG. 9, the formulation 5 can pen of the portion of the backing 2 that is treated with the sizing etrate a substantial portion of the front side 3 of the backing agent 8. Any Suitable sizing agent 8 can be employed, 2, as disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,263, and refer provided the portion of the backing 2 that is treated with the ences cited therein. For example, the formulation 5 can sizing agent 8 has a Surface energy of about 20 dynes/cm penetrate about one-tenth to about nine-tenths the thickneSS to about 65 dynes/cm. Suitable sizing agents 8 include, e.g., of the backing 2, or about one-fourth to about nine-tenths the fluorocarbon Solutions, Silicone-containing compounds, and thickness of the backing 2. AS Such, the formulation 5 can be combinations thereof. Specifically, the backing 2 can be a partially embedded into the backing 2. Preferably, the for non-woven backing 2 that is treated with a fluorocarbon. For mulation 5 can be located on the entire front side 3 of the example, the fluorocarbon treated backing 2 can be, e.g., backing 2 and partially in the front Side 3 of the backing 2 Vilmed M1585 WHY, Vilmed M1585H/HY, Vilmed M1586 (i.e., the formulation 5 is partially embedded into the back W/HY, Vilmed M1586 H/HY, Vilmed M1570, Vilmed ing 2). M1573 F, Vilmed M1573 FH, Vilmed M1577 F, Vilmed M1578 F, or Vilmed M1578 FH; which are all commercially 0059) Alternatively, a portion of the front side 3 of the available from Freudenberg Faservliesstoffe KG (Weinham, backing 2 can include the formulation 5 and other portions Germany). Alternatively, the Silicone treated backing 2 can of the front side 3 of the backing 2 can include any be a non-woven backing 2 that is coated with one or more combination of the pressure Sensitive adhesive 14 and Silicone-containing compounds, e.g., a polydimethyl silox Solvent 13. For example, a central circular portion of the front side 3 of the backing 2 can include the formulation 5 ane, a dialkylsiloxane, a dimethylsiloxo Vinyl alkene, a while the remaining portions of the front side 3 of the dialkylsiloxo Vinyl aikenes, a dimethylsiloxo acrylate, a backing 2 include only the pressure Sensitive adhesive 14. dialkylsiloxo acrylate, a vinyl terminated polydimethylsi The formulation 5, when partially embedded into the front loxane, and a vinyl terminated polydialkylsiloxane. Side 3 of the backing 2, imparts Strength and Structure into 0054. At least a portion of the backing 2 can be treated the adhesive patch 1. For example, when the formulation 5 with the sizing agent 8. The portion of the backing 2 that is is partially embedded into the backing 2, the likelihood that treated with the sizing agent 8 can be that portion of the the adhesive patch 1 will tear apart when Separated from the backing 2 that can typically include the formulation 5. The release liner 10 or when removed from the skin after use, is entire surface of the front side 3 of the backing 2 can be minimized. treated with the sizing agent 8 or a portion of the Surface of the front side 3 of the backing 2 can be treated with the 0060. When the adhesive skin patch 1 is placed upon the sizing agent 8. Preferably, the entire surface of the front side skin of a patient (e.g., human), the formulation 5 can be in 3 of the backing 2 can be treated with the sizing agent 8. In continuous contact with the skin Surface of the patient. addition to the surface of the front side 3 of the backing 2 0061 Preferably, the adhesive skin patch 1, upon contact being treated with the sizing agent 8, the Sizing agent 8 can with skin, will allow the skin to breathe. More preferably, penetrate at least a portion of the underlying Surface (e.g., the adhesive skin patch 1, upon prolonged contact with skin, one-tenth to about nine-tenths the thickness, or about one will hold in place the formulation 5 and will permit the skin fourth to about nine-tenths the thickness) of the backing 2. to breathe over prolonged periods of time typically experi Specifically, the sizing agent 8 can penetrate the entire enced with the use of the patch, e.g., up to about 24 hours, underlying Surface of the backing 2. up to about 12 hours, up to about 8 hours, or up to about 6 0.055 Suitable fluorocarbon treated backings 2 include, hours. e.g., Vilmed M1585 W/HY, Vilmed M1585H/HY, Vilmed 0062). As shown in FIGS. 3-6 and 9, the adhesive skin M1586 WHY, Vilmed M1586 H/HY, Vilmed M1570, patch 1 can be reversibly attached to a release liner 10. The US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

release liner 10 helps to maintain the adhesiveness of the 0070 Any suitable essential oil 15 can be employed adhesive skin patch 1 prior to use, Such as during manufac provided: turing, packaging, Shipping, and/or storage. Any Suitable release liner 10 can be employed for use in the present 0071 (1) the essential oil 15 has the desired thera invention. Suitable release liners 10 are readily known to peutic and/or prophylactic properties (e.g., the essen those of skill in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,675,009; tial oil 15 effectively kills or inactivates an airborne U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,263; U.S. Pat. No. 4,696,854; U.S. Pat. pathogen, a respiratory tract pathogen, or a combi No. 5,741,510, and references cited therein for further nation thereof); and descriptions of release liners 10 useful in the present inven 0072 (2) the essential oil 15 remains stable in the tion. The release liner 10 can include a perforation 12 that formulation 5. Preferably, the stability is over a allows the tab section 11 of the release liner 10 to be prolonged period of time, e.g., up to about 3 years, removed (see, FIGS. 3, 5, and 6). Removal of the tab section up to about 1 year, or up to about 6 months, typically 11 of the release liner 10 allows the adhesive skin patch 1 to experienced in the manufacturing, packaging, ship be removed from the release liner 10 with relative ease. ping, and/or Storage of the adhesive skin patch 1. The specific essential oil 15 will preferably be non-toxic 0063) Essential Oil to mammals (e.g., humans) and will be Suitable for 0064. As used herein, an “essential oil 15 refers to a medicinal use (e.g., topically and/or via inhalation). highly odoriferous, Volatile liquid component obtained from The specific essential oil 15 will also preferably plant tissue. ESSential oils 15 typically include a mixture of comply with any controlling or governing body of one or more terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, law, e.g., FDA regulations. phenols, and/or oxides. These functional classes of com pounds are responsible for the therapeutic properties and 0073 Suitable specific essential oils 15 include, e.g., one or more of the following: ajowan, Sweet almond oil, allspice, distinct fragrance of the essential oil. aloe Vera oil, ammi Visnaga (khella), amyris, angelica root, 0065. In one specific embodiment of the present inven angelica Seed, anise, anise Seed, Star anise, apricot kernel oil, tion, the essential oil 15 is not: methyl Salicylate, menthol, absolute arnica, avocado oil, unrefined avocado oil, Copaiba camphor, eucalyptus oil, Spearmint oil, or a combination balsam, balsam Peru genuine, balsam Peru oil, balsam peru thereof. In another specific embodiment of the present liquid resin, balsam tolu, Sweet french basil, basil, basil ct. invention, the formulation 5 of the present invention can methyl chavicol, lemon ct. citral basil, Sweet ct. linalool include any one or more of methyl Salicylate, menthol, basil, bay laurel, bay leaf, bay rum, bay leaf West Indies, camphor, eucalyptus oil, or spearmint oil; provided another bees wax, unrefined bees wax, benzoin absolute, benzoin essential oil 15 is included in the formulation 5. resinoid, bergamot, mint bergamot, Italianbergamot oil, free 0.066. In one embodiment of the present invention, the bergaptenebergamot, birch, Sweet birch, borage oil, boronia, formulation 5 can include methyl Salicylate, menthol, cam butter, buchu leaf, cajeput, calamus, calendula oil, infused phor, eucalyptus oil, Spearmint oil, or a combination thereof. calendula oil, camellia oil, cannabis, caraway, caraway Seed, In Such an embodiment, the formulation 5 will also include cardamom, absolute carnation, carrot Seed, high carotol one or more additional essential oils 15. carrot seed, carrot seed oil, cassia, cassis bud (black currant), castor oil, catnip, oil of catnip, cedarleaf, Western red 0067. In one specific embodiment of the present inven cedarleaf, cedarwood, Atlas cedarwood, Himalayan cedar tion, the essential oil 15 is not: oil of wintergreen, thymol, Wood, Virginia cedarwood, celery Seed, chamomile, blue oil of peppermint, Spirits of turpentine, ephedra, coltsfoot, chamomile, German chamomile, Moroccan chamomile, ginger, cinnamon oil, fir needle oil, lemon oil, Peruvian Moroccan wild chamomile, Roman chamomile, champaca, Balsam, or a combination thereof. In another specific cilantro, true cinnamon bark, cinnamon bark, cinnamon leaf, embodiment of the present invention, the formulation 5 of cinnamon cassia, cistus, citronella, Java citronella, ciste oil, the present invention can include any one or more of oil of artificial civet, clary Sage, high Sclareol clary Sage, clemen wintergreen, thymol, oil of peppermint, Spirits of turpentine, tine, Italian clementine peel oil, clove, clove bud, clove leaf, ephedra, coltsfoot, ginger, cinnamon oil, fir needle oil, cocoa, cocoa butter, unrefined cocoa butter, coconut oil, lemon oil, Peruvian Balsam, or a combination thereof; refined coconut oil, cognac, combava petitgrain, coriander, provided another essential oil 15 is included in the formu green coriander, cornmint, costus oil, cumin, cypress, lation 5. davana oil, dill, dill weed, elemi, erigeron (fleabane), euca 0068. In one embodiment of the present invention, the lyptus citriodora, eucalyptus globulus, lemon eucalyptus, formulation 5 can include oil of wintergreen, thymol, oil of fennel, Sweet fennel, fenugreek, fir, Canada fir needle, peppermint, Spirits of turpentine, ephedra, coltsfoot, ginger, Siberia fir needle, white fir needle, frankincense, India frankincense, Oman frankincense, galbanum oil, garlic, cinnamon oil, fir needle oil, lemon oil, Peruvian Balsam, or genet, geranium, geranium leaf, geranium rose, Bourbon a combination thereof. In Such an embodiment, the formu geranium, Egyptian geranium, ginger, Cochin extra ginger, lation 5 will also include one or more additional essential ginsing, Siberian ginsing, Korean ginsing, grapefruit, pink oils 15. grapefruit, white grapefruit, grapeseed oil, hazelnut oil, 0069. The essential oil 15 can be manufactured (i.e., helichrysum, helichrysum immortelle, Mad. helichrysum, Synthesized or partially Synthesized). Alternatively, the Balkan helichrysum, Corsica helichrysum, France heli essential oil 15 can be obtained from a plant or plant chrysum, hemp oil, absolute honeySuckle, hySSop, hySSop component (e.g., plant tissue). Suitable plant or plant com decumbens, absolute immortelle, fragrant aster inula, Jamai ponents include, e.g., a herb, flower, fruit, Seed, bark, Stem, can gold, unrefined Jamaican gold, jasmine, absolute jas root, needle, bulb, berry, rhizome, rootstock, leaf, or a mine, grandiflorum jasmine, Sambac jasmine, jojoba oil, combination thereof. helio-carrot in jojoba, melissa in jojoba, absolute jonquille, US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004 juniper berry, Siberia juniper berry, Croatia juniper berry, essentialoil.com, www.essentialoils.org, www.halcyon lanolin, unrefined anhydrous lanolin, lantana camara, laurel .com; and www.essential-oil.org, which are all incorporated nobilis, lavandin, abrialis lavandin, grOSSo lavandin, laven by reference herein. der, Oregonlavender, Bulgarian lavender, Russian lavender, 0076. The essential oil 15 can be present in any appro high-altitude lavendar, wild-crafted lavender, lavendin, priate and Suitable amount, provided: organic lavindin, lemon, lemongrass, lime, distilled lime, expressed lime, litSea, litSea cubeba, blue, pink and white 0.077 (1) the amount of essential oil 15 has the desired lotus, macadamia oil, mace, green mandarin, red mandarin, therapeutic and/or prophylactic properties (e.g., the essential yellow mandarin, manuka, absolute marigold, marigold oil 15 effectively kills or inactivates an airborne pathogen, flower, marjoram, Spanish marjoram, Sweet marjoram respiratory tract pathogen, or a combination thereof); and (true), massoia bark, melissa, codistilled melissa, “rectified’ 0078 (2) the amount of essential oil 15 remains stable in melissa, true melissa, absolute mimosa, mimosa, monarda, the formulation 5. Preferably, the stability is over a pro mugwort, musk Seed, myrrh, myrtle, absolute narcissus, longed period of time, e.g., up to about 3 years, up to about neroli (orange blossom), niaouli, nutmeg, extra nutmeg, 1 year, or up to about 6 months, typically experienced in the OakmoSS, absolute oak moSS, olibanum, absolute opopanax, manufacturing, packaging, Shipping, and/or Storage of the bitter orange, blood orange, Sweet orange, wild West Indian adhesive skin patch 1. The specific amount of essential oil 15 orange, Oregano, orris root, concrete orris, OSmanthus, palm will preferably be non-toxic to mammals (e.g., humans) and oil, refined palm oil, palmarosa, paprika, parsley Seed, will be Suitable for medicinal use (e.g., topically and/or via patchouli, Indian patchouli oil, Indonesian patchouli oil, inhalation). The specific amount of essential oil 15 will also peanut, peanut oil, pecan oil, pennyroyal, pepper, black preferably comply with any controlling or governing body pepper, Super black pepper, peppermint, India peppermint, USA baby mint peppermint, pet perfume, petitgrain (orange of law, e.g., FDA regulations. leaves), white pine, pine needle, evening primrose, raven 0079 Typically, the amount of essential oil 15 present in Sara anisata, true ravensara, ravensare, ravintsara, redberry, the formulation 5 will depend upon the Specific compound rosalina, rose, rose geranium, rose otto, Bulgarian rose, or compounds employed as the essential oil 15. Specifically, English rose, Turkish rose, rosehip Seed oil, rosemary, the essential oil 15 can be present in about 0.01 wt.% to rosemary anti-oxidant extract powder, rosemary verbenone, about 99.9 wt.% of the formulation 5. More specifically, the Morocco rosemary, Spain rosemary, rosewood, rosewood essential oil 15 can be present up to about 50 wt.% of the oil, rue, Sage, white Sage, Sage dalmatian, Sage officinalis, formulation 5, up to about 25 wt.% of the formulation 5, up Sage triloba, Sandalwood, Seabuckthornberry, Sesame oil, to about 20 wt.% of the formulation 5, up to about 10 wt. Sesame Seed oil, Shea butter, unrefined Shea butter, Spike % of the formulation 5, or up to about 5 wt.% of the nard, green Spikenard, Spruce, St. John's wort, Styrax resin, formulation 5. tagetes, tangerine, Dancy tangerine, tarragon, tea tree, AuS 0080. In one embodiment of the present invention, tralia tea tree, thuja (cedar leaf), thyme, red thyme, thyme ct. angelica root, anise, basil (e.g., Sweet French basil), bay leaf, linalool, thyme Vulgaris, wild thyme, red thyme, mixed benzoin absolute, bergamot, birch, carrot Seed, cedarwood, tocopherols, tolu balsam resin, absolute tuberose, tuberose, chamomile (e.g., German chamomile, Moroccan chamo tumeric, Valerian, Vanilla, pure Vanilla extract, Vanilla bean, mile, or Roman chamomile), cinnamon leaf, cinnamon absolute Vanilla bourbon, vegetable glycerin, absolute ver cassia, cistus, citronella, clary Sage, clove bud, cypress, bena, Vetiver, Violete leaves, Vitex, organic Haiti Vetiver, eucalyptus globulus, eucalyptus citriodora, everlasting (heli absolute violet leaf, Walnut oil, wintergreen, natural winter crysum), fennel, fir, frankincense, geranium, ginger, grape green, Wormwood, yarrow, ylangylang, ylangylang I, ylang fruit, helichrysum, hySSop, juniper berry, lavender, lavendin, ylang II, ylangylang III, ylangylang compound, ylangylang lemon, lemongrass, lime, marjoram, myrrh, myrtle, neroli, complete, and ylangylang extra. niaouli, nutmeg, Sweet orange, Oregano, patchouli, penny 0.074 Specifically, suitable exemplary essential oils 15 royal, peppermint, petitgrain, pepper, pine needle, ravensare, include, e.g., angelica root, anise, basil (e.g., Sweet French rose geranium, rosemary (e.g., Spanish rosemary), rose basil), bay leaf, benzoin absolute, bergamot, birch, carrot Wood, Sage, Sandalwood, Spikenard, Spruce, tangerine, tar Seed, cedarwood, chamomile (e.g., German chamomile, ragon, tea tree, thyme, Vanilla, Vetiver, ylang ylang, or a Moroccan chamomile, or Roman chamomile), cinnamon combination thereof, or any combination thereof, can be leaf, cinnamon cassia, cistus, citronella, clary Sage, clove present up to about 20 wt.% of the formulation 5, up to bud, cypress, eucalyptus globulus, eucalyptus citriodora, about 10 wt.% of the formulation 5, or up to about 5 wt.% everlasting (helicrysum), fennel, fir, frankincense, geranium, of the formulation 5. ginger, grapefruit, helichrysum, hySSop, juniper berry, lav 0081. The adhesive skin patch 1 includes an essential oil ender, lavendin, lemon, lemongrass, lime, marjoram, myrrh, 15 located in at least a portion of the front side 3 of the myrtle, neroli, niaouli, nutmeg, Sweet orange, Oregano, backing 2, on at least a portion of the front Side 3 of the patchouli, pennyroyal, peppermint, petitgrain, pepper, pine backing 2, or on and in at least a portion of the front Side 3 needle, ravensare, rose geranium, rosemary (e.g., Spanish of the backing 2. AS Such, the essential oil 15 can be located rosemary), rosewood, Sage, Sandalwood, Spikenard, Spruce, on the entire surface of the front side 3 of the backing 2 or tangerine, tarragon, tea tree, thyme, Vanilla, Vetiver, ylang the essential oil 15 can be located on a portion of the surface ylang, or a combination thereof. of the front side 3 of the backing 2. Preferably, the essential oil 15 can be located on the entire Surface of the front side 0075) Other suitable essential oils 15 that can be employed in the adhesive skin patch 1 of the present 3 of the backing 2. invention are are disclosed in the following websites: www 0082 In addition to being located on the surface of the essential-essences.com, www.fragrancefactory.com, WWW front side 3 of the backing 2, the essential oil 15 can be US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

located in at least a portion of the underlying Surface of the tissue transports food, water, hormones and minerals within front side 3 of the backing 2 (i.e., the essential oil 15 can be the plant. Vascular tissue includes xylem, phloem, paren partially embedded into the backing 2). As shown in FIG. 9, chyma, and cambium cells. the essential oil 15 can penetrate a Substantial portion of the front Side 3 of the backing 2, as disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. 0089. As used herein, “bark” refers to the dry, dead outer No. 5,536,263, and references cited therein. For example, covering of Woody branches, Stems and roots of plants that the essential oil 15 can penetrate about one-tenth to about is very distinct and separable from the wood itself. It nine-tenths the thickness of the backing 2, or about one includes all tissue outside the cambium (growth layer fourth to about nine-tenths the thickness of the backing 2. AS between bark and wood). such, the essential oil 15 can be partially embedded into the 0090. As used here the terms “leaf” or “leaves” refer to backing 2. those parts of a plant which grow along the Sides of branches or Stems or at the bases of plants. Most are green and contain 0083) Preferably, the essential oil 15 can be located on the chlorophyll, though they vary in their shapes and sizes. entire front side 3 of the backing 2 and partially in the front side 3 of the backing 2 (i.e., the essential oil 15 is partially Leaves are the part of the plant that ordinarily performs embedded into the backing 2). Alternatively, a portion of the photosynthesis (the process that converts Sunlight and car front side 3 of the backing 2 can include the essential oil 15 bon dioxide into energy). and other portions of the front side 3 of the backing 2 can 0091 AS used herein, “needle' generally refers to a include the preSSure Sensitive adhesive. For example, a narrow stiff leaf, Such as those of conifers (e.g., pine trees). central circular portion of the front side 3 of the backing 2 0092. As used herein, “root” refers to the part of a plant, can include the essential oil 15 while the remaining portions normally underground, that absorbs nutrients and anchors of the front side 3 of the backing 2 include only the pressure the plant into the ground. sensitive adhesive 14. When the adhesive skin patch 1 is placed upon the skin of a patient (e.g., human), the essential 0093. As used herein, “bulb" refers to a spheroidal body oil 15 can be in continuous contact with the skin Surface of growing from a plant either above or below the ground the patient. (usually below), which is usually a bud, consisting of a cluster of partially developed leaves, and producing, as it 0084 As used herein, “treating” or “treat” includes (i) grows, a stem above, and roots below, (e.g., the onion or preventing a pathologic condition (e.g., respiratory infec tulip bulb). A true bulb is a complete package containing tion) from occurring (e.g. prophylaxis); (ii) inhibiting the next year's plant (flower) already forming inside. The con pathologic condition (e.g., respiratory infection) or arresting tents of the bulb are often enclosed in protective, fleshy its development; and (iii) relieving the pathologic condition Scales, which are held together by a Small basal plate. The (e.g., respiratory infection), or Symptoms related to the Scales are modified leaves that contain enough nutrients to SC. Sustain the plant through dormancy and early growth. They 0085. As used herein, “mammal” refers to a class of may be loose and open like those of a lily, or tightly closed vertebrate animals of more than 15,000 species, including like those of a hyacinth. In many bulbs, a paper-thin tunic humans, distinguished by Self-regulating body temperature, protects the scales (lilies don't have a tunic). Roots will hair, and in the females, milk-producing mammae. Specifi grow from the bulb's basal plate. cally, mammal can refer to a human. 0094 AS used herein, “berry” refers to any small fruit that is pulpy or Succulent throughout, having Seeds loosely 0086) Plant Tissue imbedded in the pulp, Such as the currant, grape, or blue 0087. The essential oil 15 can be derived from plant berry. Berry can be further defined as an indehiscent fruit tissue. derived from a single ovary and having the whole wall fleshy, Such as the grape or tomato. Furthermore, berries 0088 As used herein, “plant tissue” refers to the tissue of come in various Structures including Simple, Such as grape; any organism of the plant kingdom, as opposed to one of the blueberry, cranberry, or aggregate, Such as blackberry, rasp animal kingdom or of the kingdoms of Fungi, Protista, or berry, strawberry mulberry. Monera. The plant tissue can be any portion or portions of the plant (e.g., bark, roots, leaves, flowers, needles, bulbs, 0095 AS used herein, "rhizome” refers to a horizontal, berries, rhizomes, rootstocks, stems, and Seeds), as well as usually underground Stem that often sends out roots and the entire plant. The tissues of a plant ("plant tissue') shoots from its nodes (also called rootstalk or rootstock). generally fall into three main categories: dermal tissue, 0096. As used herein, “rootstock” refers to a robust plant ground tissue, and vascular tissue. Dermal tissue refers to that provides the root System in grafting, also known as a the “skin' layer of all plant organs and is responsible for Stock. Scions and buds are grafted and budded to a rootstock environmental interaction (light passage, gas exchange, or Stock. Rootstock also refers to the elongated and often pathogen recognition and protection, color display, etc.). thick rhizomes of certain perennial herbaceous plants Such Dermal tissue is composed of epidermal cells, closely as the Iris, Aspidistra and Solomon's Seal. packed cells that Secrete a waxy cuticle that aids in the prevention of water loSS. Ground tissue lies between dermal 0097 As used herein, “stem” refers to the main (usually tissue and vascular tissue. The ground tissue comprises the aerial) axis (Sometimes referred to as the trunk or stalk) of bulk of the primary plant body. Parenchyma, collenchyma, a tree, shrub, or plant. “Stem” also refers to the part of the and Sclerenchyma cells are common in the ground tissue. In plant that Supports the leaves, flowers or fruits of a plant, roots, the ground tissue may store SugarS or Starches to fuel Such as the peduncle of a fruit or the pedicel of a flower. the Spring Sap flow; in leaves, the ground tissue is the layer 0098. As used herein, “seed” refers to a ripened ovule, responsible for photosynthesis (the mesophyll). Vascular consisting of an embryo with one or more integuments, or US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

coverings, Such as an apple Seed, a currant Seed, dill Seed, or or in about 5 wt.% to about 30 wt.% of the formulation 5. kola nut Seed. By germination, most Seeds produce a new Typically, the amount of solvent 13 will depend on the plant. “Seed” also refers to any small seedlike fruit, though compound or compounds employed as the Solvent 13. For it may consist of a pericarp, or even a calyx, as well as the example, a polyhydric alcohol can be present up to about 70 Seed proper, Such as a parSnip Seed or thistle Seed. The Seed wt.% of the formulation 5; or in about 20.0 wt.% to about proper has an outer and an inner coat, and within these the 60.0 wt.% of the formulation 5; and water can be present in kernel or nucleus. The kernel is either the embryo alone, or about 2.0 wt.% to about 50.0 wt.% of the formulation 5. the embryo enclosed in the albumen, which is the material 0104. When present, the solvent 13 can be located in at for the nourishment of the developing embryo. The scar on least a portion of the front Side 3 of the backing 2, on at least a Seed, left where the Stem parted from it, is called the hilum, a portion of the front Side 3 of the backing 2, or on and in and the closed orifice of the OVule, the micropyle. at least a portion of the front Side 3 of the backing2. AS Such, 0099 Solvent the solvent 13 can be located on the entire Surface of the 0100 When present, the solvent 13 can act as a carrier front side 3 of the backing 2 or the solvent 13 can be located for, and preferably can dissolve, the essential oil 15 and/or on a portion of the surface of the front side 3 of the backing the pressure sensitive adhesive 14. Any suitable solvent 13 2. Preferably, the solvent 13 can be located on the entire can be employed, provided the solvent 13 effectively dis surface of the front side 3 of the backing 2. In addition to solves the essential oil 15 and/or the pressure sensitive being located on the surface of the front side 3 of the backing adhesive 14 and the Solvent 13 remains stable in the for 2, the solvent 13 can be located in at least a portion of the mulation 5. Preferably, the stability is over a prolonged underlying Surface of the front side 3 of the backing 2 (i.e., period of time, e.g., up to about 3 years, up to about 1 year, the solvent 13 can be partially embedded into the backing 2). or up to about 6 months, typically experienced in the 0105. As shown in FIG. 9, the solvent 13 can penetrate manufacturing, packaging, Shipping, and/or Storage of the a Substantial portion of the front Side 3 of the backing 2, as adhesive Skin patch 1. disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,263, and references 0101 The solvent 13 can include one or more organic cited therein. For example, the Solvent 13 can penetrate compounds, one or more inorganic compounds, or mixtures about one-tenth to about nine-tenths the thickness of the thereof. Preferably, the solvent 13 will include one or more backing 2, or about one-fourth to about nine-tenths the organic compounds, e.g., esters, terpenes, alcohols, ketones, thickness of the backing 2. AS Such, the Solvent 13 can be aldehydes, fatty acids, partially or fully esterified fatty acids, partially embedded into the backing 2. Preferably, the sol wherein the structures are cyclic, non cylcic (e.g., alkyl), vent 13 can be located on the entire front side 3 of the alicyclic (i.e., a bridged ring compound), or aromatic, as backing 2 and partially in the front Side 3 of the backing 2 well as organic compounds having combinations of these (i.e., the solvent 13 is partially embedded into the backing functional groupS. Suitable exemplary Solvents 13 are dis 2). Alternatively, a portion of the front side 3 of the backing closed, e.g., in Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals, 2000 2 can include the solvent 13 and other portions of the front 2001 (Milwaukee, Wis.). Side 3 of the backing 2 can include any combination of the pressure sensitive adhesive 14 and essential oil 15. When the 0102 Preferably, the solvent 13 includes a polyhydric adhesive skin patch 1 is placed upon the Skin of a patient alcohol, water, or a combination thereof. The polyhydric (e.g., human), the Solvent 13 can be in continuous contact alcohol can be erythritol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, with the skin Surface of the patient. triethylene glycol, or a combination thereof. Erythritol is commercially available from Cragill (Minnetonka, Minn.). 0106 Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Additional Suitable Solvents 13 include, e.g., glycerin; tri 0107 The formulation 5 can further include a pressure acetin; diethylene glycol methyl ether; diethylene glycol Sensitive adhesive. Any Suitable pressure Sensitive adhesive methyl ether acetate, 1,3-propane ricinoleate; PEG-6 14 can be employed, provided the pressure Sensitive adhe caprylic/capric glycerides; caprylic/capric triglycerides; Sive 14 provides the requisite adhesiveness to the adhesive propyleneglycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, glycerol monoStear skin patch 1 and the pressure Sensitive adhesive 14 remains ate, glycerol monocaprylate, glycerol monolaurate, neopen stable in the formulation 5. tyl alcohol, 1-hexadecanol, hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodex trin; Vitamin E, Vitamin E acetate, deoxycholic acid; 0.108 Preferably, the stability is over a prolonged period taurodeoxycholic acid; 3-(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethy of time, e.g., up to about 3 years, up to about 1 year, or up lammonio-1-propane-Sulfonate; BigCHAP, cholic acid; to about 6 months, typically experienced in the manufac cholesterol NF, propylene carbonate; lecithin; a medicinally turing, packaging, Shipping, and/or Storage of the adhesive acceptable Salt thereof, or a combination thereof. skin patch 1. It is appreciated that the Suitable preSSure 0103) When present, the solvent 13 can be employed in sensitive adhesives 14 are known to those skilled in the art. any suitable amount, provided the amount of solvent 13 is Suitable pressure Sensitive adhesives 14 are disclosed, e.g., effective to dissolve the essential oil 15 and/or the pressure in U.S. Pat. No. 4,675,009; U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,263; U.S. sensitive pressure sensitive adhesive 14 and the effective Pat. No. 4,696,854; U.S. Pat. No. 5,741,510, and references amount of Solvent 13 remains stable in the formulation 5. cited therein. Preferably the pressure sensitive adhesive 14 Preferably, the stability is over a prolonged period of time, is an acrylic ester copolymer. e.g., up to about 3 years, up to about 1 year, or up to about 0109) Any suitable amount of pressure sensitive adhesive 6 months, typically experienced in the manufacturing, pack 14 can be employed, provided the amount of pressure aging, Shipping, and/or Storage of the adhesive skin patch 1. sensitive adhesive 14 effectively provides the requisite adhe Specifically, the solvent 13 can be present in about 1.0 wt % siveness to the adhesive skin patch 1 and the effective to about 70.0 wt.%; in about 3.0 wt % to about 50.0 wt.%; amount of the pressure Sensitive adhesive 14 remains stable US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

in the formulation 5. Preferably, the stability is over a one-fourth to about nine-tenths the thickness of the backing prolonged period of time, e.g., up to about 3 years, up to 2. AS Such, the pressure Sensitive adhesive 14 can be about 1 year, or up to about 6 months, typically experienced partially embedded into the backing 2. in the manufacturing, packaging, shipping, and/or storage of 0115 Preferably, the pressure sensitive adhesive 14 can the adhesive skin patch 1. The formulation 5 can include a be located on the entire front side 3 of the backing 2 and pressure sensitive adhesive 14 in about 0.1 wt.% to about 50 partially in the front Side 3 of the backing 2 (i.e., the pressure wt.%, in about 0.5 wt.% to about 10.0 wt.%, or in about Sensitive adhesive 14 is partially embedded into the backing 1.0 wt.% to about 15.0 wt.% of the formulation 5. 2). Alternatively, a portion of the front side 3 of the backing 0110 Typically, the Suitable amount of pressure sensitive 2 can include the preSSure Sensitive adhesive 14 and other adhesive 14 will depend upon the Specific preSSure Sensitive portions of the front side 3 of the backing 2 can include the adhesive 14 employed. For example, the pressure Sensitive essential oil 15. The pressure sensitive adhesive 14, being adhesive 14 can include one or more acrylic ester copoly partially embedded into the front side 3 of the backing 2, mers. Each of the one or more acrylic ester copolymers can imparts Strength and structure into the adhesive patch 1. be present up to about 20.0 wt.% of the formulation 5. Specifically, each of the acrylic ester copolymers can be 0116 For example, when the pressure sensitive adhesive present up to about 40.0 wt.% of the formulation 5, or up 14 is partially embedded into the backing 2, the likelihood to about 30.0 wt.% of the formulation 5. More specifically, that the adhesive patch 1 will tear apart when Separated from all of the one or more acrylic ester copolymers, when the release liner 10 or when removed from the skin after use, combined, can be present in about 3.0 wt.% to about 40.0 is minimized. When the adhesive skin patch 1 is placed upon wt.% of the formulation 5, or in about 5.0 wt.% to about the skin of a patient (e.g., human), the pressure Sensitive 30.0 wt.% of the formulation 5. As such, the total amount adhesives 14 can be in continuous contact with the skin of acrylic ester copolymers can be about 3.0 wt.% to about Surface of the patient. 40.0 wt.% of the formulation 5, or about 5.0 wt.% to about 0117 Emulsifier 30.0 wt.% of the formulation 5. 0118. The formulation 5 or pressure sensitive adhesive 14 0111 Alternatively, the pressure sensitive adhesive 14 can optionally include a compound that emulsifies the can include a hot melt preSSure Sensitive adhesive 14 or formulation 5 or the pressure sensitive adhesive 14. One Solvent based pressure Sensitive adhesive 14 (e.g., polyacry suitable compound that effectively emulsifies the formula late, polyisobutylene, and polybutene), rubber, Silicone tion 5 or the pressure sensitive adhesive 14 is pectin. The based pressure Sensitive adhesives 14 (e.g., polydimethyl emulsifier (e.g., pectin) can be present in any Suitable siloxane and resin mixtures), polystyrene-polybutadiene amount, provided the Suitable amount is effective to emul polystyrene, polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene, poly Sify the formulation 5 or the pressure sensitive adhesive 14 styrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-polystyrene block and the emulsifier remains stable in the formulation 5. polymers, or any combination thereof. In addition, the Preferably, the stability is over a prolonged period of time, adhesive 14 can include a resin emulsion adhesive, wherein e.g., up to about 3 years, up to about 1 year, or up to about the resin emulsion adhesive can include vinyl acetate resin, 6 months, typically experienced in the manufacturing, pack acrylic ester copolymer, Vinyl acetate/diocyl maleate aging, Shipping, and/or Storage of the adhesive skin patch 1. copolymer, acrylic copolymer, or any combination thereof. Specifically, the emulsifier (e.g., pectin) can be present up to 0112. Other suitable pressure sensitive adhesives 14 are about 30.0 wt.% of the formulation 5, in about 1.0 wt.% to disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,675,009; U.S. Pat. No. about 20.0 wt.% of the formulation 5, or in about 2.0 wt.% 5,536,263; U.S. Pat. No. 4,696,854; U.S. Pat. No. 5,741,510, to about 10.0 wt.% of the formulation 5. and references cited therein. 0119) Polymer 0113. The pressure sensitive adhesive 14 can be located 0120) The pressure sensitive adhesive 14 can optionally in at least a portion of the front Side 3 of the backing 2, on include one or more polymers 9. The polymer 9 provides at least a portion of the front Side 3 of the backing 2, or on Structure and Strength to the pressure Sensitive adhesive 14 and in at least a portion of the front Side 3 of the backing 2. or provides Structure and Strength to the formulation 5. Any AS Such, the pressure Sensitive adhesive 14 can be located on suitable polymer 9 can be employed, provided the polymer the entire surface of the front side 3 of the backing 2 or the 9 provides Structure and strength to the pressure Sensitive preSSure Sensitive adhesive 14 can be located on a portion of adhesive 14 or provides Structure and Strength to the for the surface of the front side 3 of the backing 2. Preferably, mulation 5, and the polymer 9 remains stable in the formu the preSSure Sensitive adhesive 14 can be located on the lation 5. Preferably, the stability is over a prolonged period entire surface of the front side 3 of the backing 2. of time, e.g., up to about 3 years, up to about 1 year, or up 0114. In addition to being located on the surface of the to about 6 months, typically experienced in the manufac front Side 3 of the backing 2, the pressure Sensitive adhesive turing, packaging, Shipping, and/or Storage of the adhesive 14 can be located in at least a portion of the underlying skin patch 1. Surface of the front Side 3 of the backing 2 (i.e., the pressure 0121 Suitable polymers 9 include natural polymers and sensitive adhesive 14 can be partially embedded into the Synthetic polymers. Specifically, the polymer 9 can include, backing 2). As shown in FIG. 9, the pressure sensitive e.g., karaya, a polyacrylamide, Xanthum gum, guar gum, a adhesive 14 can penetrate a Substantial portion of the front hydrophilic polymer, a hydrocolloidal polymer, Starch, a side 3 of the backing 2, as disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. Starch derivative, Vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl pyr 5,536,263, and references cited therein. For example, the rolidone, polyethylene oxide, algin, a derivative of algin, a preSSure Sensitive adhesive 14 can penetrate about one-tenth polyacrylate, gelatin, polymaleic acid, polyacrylic acid, to about nine-tenths the thickness of the backing 2, or about polymaleic anhydride, a polyurethane, a polyurea, gum US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004 acacia, locust bean gum, modified guar gum, maltodextrin, 0126 Filler carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxypropyl cellulose, polyvi 0127. The formulation 5 can optionally include one or nyl alcohol, poly AMPS, or a combination thereof. Other more fillers 6. Any suitable filler 6 can be employed. suitable polymers 9 are disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. Suitable fillers 6 include malto dextrin, dextrin, 70% Sorbitol 4,675,009; U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,263; U.S. Pat. No. 4,696,854; water, modified Starches, depolymerized Starches, and meth U.S. Pat. No. 5,741,510, and references cited therein. Pref ylcellulose. AS used herein, "malto dextrin' is a dextrose erably, the polymer 9 can include polyacrylamide, karaya, or equivalent, wherein dextrose is D-glucose. Malto dextrin is a combination thereof. commercially available as Amaizo LodeX 5 from American 0122) Any suitable amount of polymer 9 can be Maize-Products (Hammond, IN). Any suitable amount of employed, provided the amount of polymer 9 effectively filler 6 can be employed in the formulation 5. The Suitable provides Structure and Strength to the pressure Sensitive amount of filler 6 can depend in part upon the Specific filler adhesive 14 or to the formulation 5, and the effective amount present in the formulation 5. For example, malto dextrin can of polymer 9 remains stable in the formulation 5. Preferably, be present up to about 20.0 wt.% of the formulation 5, or the Stability is over a prolonged period of time, e.g., up to in about 1.0 wt.% to about 10.0 wt.% of the formulation 5. about 3 years, up to about 1 year, or up to about 6 months, typically experienced in the manufacturing, packaging, Ship 0128 Skin Protectant or Skin Conditioner ping, and/or Storage of the adhesive skin patch 1. Typically, 0129. The formulation 5 can optionally include a skin the Suitable amount of polymer 9 will depend upon the protectant 18 (i.e., topical moisturizer or skin conditioner). Specific polymer 9 employed. Specifically, karaya can be Any Suitable skin protectant 18 can be employed, provided employed as the polymer 9 up to about 60 wt.% of the the skin is effectively protected or moisturized and the skin formulation 5, in about 5.0 wt.% to about 45 wt.% of the protectant remains stable in the formulation 5. Preferably, formulation 5, or in about 8.0 wt.% to about 40 wt.% of the the Stability is over a prolonged period of time, e.g., up to formulation 5; polyacrylamide can be employed as the about 3 years, up to about 1 year, or up to about 6 months, polymer 9 up to about 40 wt.% of the formulation 5, in typically experienced in the manufacturing, packaging, Ship about 5.0 wt.% to about 35 wt.% of the formulation 5, or ping, and/or Storage of the adhesive skin patch 1. Addition in about 8.0 wt.% to about 30 wt.% of the formulation 5; ally, it is preferable that the Skin conditioner is medicinally or both karaya and polyacrylamide can be employed as the acceptable for topical use in humans. polymer 9, wherein karaya is present in about 5.0 wt.% to 0.130) Suitable topical moisturizers 18 include, e.g. about 35 wt.% of the formulation 5 and polyacrylamide is calamine, aloe, lanolin, glycerin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E present in about 5.0 wt. % to about 30 wt.% of the acetate, farnesol, glycyrrhetinic acid, aluminum hydroxide formulation 5. gel, cocoa butter, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, trieth 0123) Humectant ylene glycol, hard fat, kaolin, mineral oil, petrolatum, topi 0.124. The formulation 5 can optionally include one or cal Starch, white petroleum, cod liver oil, Shark liver oil, Zinc more humectants 17 to provide a moistening effect to the oxide, or any combination thereof. Additional Suitable topi pressure sensitive adhesive 14. The humectant 17 can cal moisturizers 18 are disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat Nos. optionally hydrate the polymer 9. Any suitable humectant 17 6,096,334; 6,096,033; 5,741,510; 5,536,263; 4,675,009; can be employed, provided the humectant 17 effectively 4,307,717; 4,274,420; 5,976,565; 5,536,263; and references provides a moistening effect to the pressure Sensitive adhe cited therein. sive 14 and the humectant 17 remains stable in the formu 0131 AS used herein, “aluminum hydroxide gel” refers lation 5. Preferably, the stability is over a prolonged period to a Suspension containing aluminum oxide (Al2O3), mainly of time, e.g., up to about 3 years, up to about 1 year, or up in the form of a hydroxide. It is typically obtained by drying to about 6 months, typically experienced in the manufac the product of interaction in aqueous Solution of an alumi turing, packaging, Shipping, and/or Storage of the adhesive num Salt with ammonium or Sodium carbonate. skin patch 1. One suitable humectant 17 is glycerin. Other suitable humectants 17 include polyhydric alcohols such as 0.132. As used herein, “cocoa butter” refers to a fatty ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetra Substance in cocoa beans, a thick oily Solid obtained from ethylene glycol, Sorbitol, and combinations thereof. cocoa beans and used in making chocolate, cosmetics, and Suntan oil. Also known as threobroma oil, it lubricates and 0.125. Any suitable amount of humectant 17 can be Softens the skin. employed, provided the amount of humectant 17 effectively provides a moistening effect to the pressure Sensitive adhe 0.133 AS used herein, “topical starch” refers to corn sive 14 and the amount of humectant 17 effectively remains Starch. stable in the formulation 5. Preferably, the stability is over 0.134. As used herein, “kaolin” refers to aluminum sili a prolonged period of time, e.g., up to about 3 years, up to cate, powdered and freed from gritty particles by elutriation. about 1 year, or up to about 6 months, typically experienced Kaolin refers to the name of the locality in China where the in the manufacturing, packaging, shipping, and/or storage of Substance is found in abundance. the adhesive skin patch 1. Typically, the Suitable amount of humectant 17 will depend upon the specific humectant 17 0.135 AS used herein, “white petroleum” refers to a employed and the specific polymer 9 employed. For purified mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. example, karaya, polyacrylamide, or a combination thereof A bleached version of yellow Soft paraffin, it is used as an can be employed as the polymer 9 and glycerin can be emollient and as a base for ointments. It is odorleSS when employed as the humectant 17, wherein the glycerin is rubbed into the skin and not readily absorbed. present in about 25.0 wt.% to about 70.0 wt.% or in about 0.136 AS used herein, “mineral oil” refers to the heavy 40.0 wt.% to about 55.0 wt.% of the formulation 5. liquid petrolatum; liquid paraffin or petroleum; a mixture of US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004 12

liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum, and is typi 18 effectively protects or moisturizes the skin and the cally used as a vehicle in medicinal preparations. effective amount of skin protectant 18 remains stable in the formulation 5. Preferably, the stability is over a prolonged 0.137 AS used herein, “petrolatum” refers to petroleum period of time, e.g., up to about 3 years, up to about 1 year, jelly; a yellow soft paraffin; a yellowish mixture of the softer or up to about 6 months, typically experienced in the members of the paraffin or methane Series of hydrocarbons, manufacturing, packaging, Shipping, and/or Storage of the obtained from petroleum as an intermediate product in the adhesive skin patch 1. Additionally, it is preferable that the distillation; typically used as a Soothing application to burns amount of skin conditioner employed is medicinally accept and abrasions of the skin, and as a base for ointments. able for topical use in humans. 0.138. As used herein, “cod liver oil” refers to the partially destearinated fixed oil extracted from the fresh livers of 0144) Specifically, the skin protectant 18 can be present Gadus morrhuae and other Species of the family Gadidae, up to about 20.0 wt.%, up to 10.0 wt.%, up to 5.0 wt.%, containing Vitamins A and D. or up to 2.0 wt.% of the formulation 5. The Suitable and effective amount of skin protectant 18 will depend in part 0.139. As used herein, “shark liver oil” refers to the oil upon the Specific skin protectant 18 present in the formula extracted from the livers of Sharks, mainly of the Species tion 5. For example, Aloe Vera Gel, 10x can be present up Hypoprion brevirostris; a rich source of Vitamins A and D. to about 20.0 wt.% of the formulation 5, up to about 10.0 wt.% of the formulation 5, up to about 5.0 wt.% of the 0140 AS used herein, “Zinc oxide” refers to ZnO, which formulation 5, or up to about 1.0 wt.% of the formulation is typically used as a protective ointment. 5. In addition, Vitamin E acetate can be present up to about 0141 AS used herein, “calamine” is a pink powder of 10.0 wt.% of the formulation 5, up to about 5.0 wt.% of the Zinc oxide and a skin protectant containing about 98%. Zinc formulation 5, up to about 3.0 wt.% of the formulation 5, up oxide and about 0.5% ferric oxide; "aloe' is the dried latex to about 2.0 wt.% of the formulation 5, or up to about 1.0 of leaves of Curaco Aloe (Aloe barbadenis Miller, Aloe vera wt.% of the formulation 5. Preferably, the skin conditioner Linne) or Cape Aloe (Aloe ferox Miller and hybrids), of the will be present in an amount that is consistent with any State family Liliacaea. Aloe is commercially available as Aloe or Federal regulations. Vera Gel from Terry Laboratories (Melbourne, Fla.). Aloe Vera Gel is commercially available as Aloe Vera Gel 40x 0145 The skin protectant 18 can be located in at least a (20.0 wt.% solution in water), Aloe Vera Gel 1.x (0.5 wt.% portion of the front Side 3 of the backing 2, on at least a solution in water), Aloe Vera Gel 10x (5.0 wt.% solution in portion of the front Side 3 of the backing 2, or on and in at water), or Solid Aloe Vera. The Solid Aloe Vera can be least a portion of the front Side 3 of the backing 2. AS Such, dissolved in a carrier, Such as water, to the desired concen the skin protectant 18 can be located on the entire surface of tration. In addition, the commercially available forms of the front side 3 of the backing 2 or the skin protectant 18 can be located on a portion of the surface of the front side 3 of Aloe Vera are optionally available as decolorized Aloe Vera. the backing 2. Preferably, the skin protectant 18 can be 0142. As used herein, “Vitamin E” is 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7, located on the entire surface of the front side 3 of the backing 8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopy 2. In addition to being located on the surface of the front side ran-6-ol; “Vitamin E acetate” is 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetram 3 of the backing 2, the skin protectant 18 can be located in ethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol at least a portion of the underlying Surface of the front Side acetate, “lanolin' is the fat-like Secretion of the Sebaceous 3 of the backing 2 (i.e., the skin protectant 18 can be partially glands of Sheep (i.e., complex mixture of esters and poly embedded into the backing 2). As shown in FIG. 9, the skin esters of 33 high molecular weight alcohols and 36 fatty protectant 18 can penetrate a Substantial portion of the front acids) which is deposited onto the wool fibers; “farnesol” is side 3 of the backing 2, as disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol. Farnesol is com 5,536,263, and references cited therein. For example, the mercially available from American Radiolabeled Chemicals skin protectant 18 can penetrate about one-tenth to about (ARC) (St. Louis, Mo.), and “glycyrrhetinic acid” is a nine-tenths the thickness of the backing 2, or about one pentacyclic triterpenoid derivative of the beta-amyrin type fourth to about nine-tenths the thickness of the backing 2. AS and is shown below: such, the skin protectant 18 can be partially embedded into the backing 2. Preferably, the skin protectant 18 can be located on the entire front side 3 of the backing 2 and COOH partially in the front Side 3 of the backing 2 (i.e., the skin protectant 18 is partially embedded into the backing 2). Alternatively, a portion of the front side 3 of the backing 2 can include the skin protectant 18 and other portions of the front Side 3 of the backing 2 can include any combination of the Solvent 13, pressure Sensitive adhesive 14, and essential oil 15. When the adhesive skin patch 1 is placed upon the skin of a patient (e.g., human), the skin protectant 18 can be in continuous contact with the skin Surface of the patient. HO 0146 Preservative 0147 The formulation 5 can optionally include a preser vative 7 that is useful for preventing bacterial growth, mold 0143 Any suitable amount of skin protectant 18 can be growth, fermentation, and/or decomposition. AS used herein, employed, provided the Suitable amount of skin protectant “preservative' refers to any Substance which prevents bac US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004 terial growth, mold growth, fermentation, and/or decompo about 1 year, or up to about 6 months, typically experienced sition. Concise Chemical and Technical Dictionary, 4th in the manufacturing, packaging, shipping, and/or Storage of enlarged edition, Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., NY, N.Y. p. the patch 1. 939 (1986). Any suitable preservative 7 can be employed, 0152 Suitable antiviral agents are disclosed, e.g., in provided the preservative 7 effectively prevents bacterial Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), Medical Economics growth, mold growth, fermentation, and/or decomposition; Company (Montvale, N.J.), (53rd Ed.), 1999; Mayo Medical and the preservative 7 remains stable in the formulation 5. Center Formulary, Unabridged Version, Mayo Clinic (Roch Preferably, the stability is over a prolonged period of time, ester, Minn.), Jan. 1998; Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of e.g., up to about 2 years, up to about 1 year, or up to about Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, (11th Ed.), Merck & 6 months, typically experienced in the manufacturing, pack Co., Inc. (Rahway, N.J.), 1989; and references cited therein. aging, Shipping, and/or Storage of the adhesive skin patch 1. Suitable antiviral agents 15 include, e.g., Zinc, lysine, fos 0148 Suitable preservatives 7 include, e.g., quat-15, carnet, 3-deoxythmidin-2-ene, dideoxycytosine, dideoxyi parabens, dichlorobenzyl alcohol, ethylene diamine nosine, lamivudine, azidothymidine, indinavir, ritonavir, tetreacetic acid, formaldehyde, gum benzoin, imidazolidinyl Saquinavir, acyclovir, idoxuridine, ribavirin, Vidarabine, urea, phenyl-mercuric acetate, poly aminopropylbiguanide, amantidine, rinantidine, Viracea2, cytovene, famciclovir, proply gallate, Sorbic acid, creSol, chloroacetamide Sodium Valaciclovir, penciclovir, nonOxynol-9, pharmaceutically benzoate, chloromethyl-methylisothiazolinone, chlorom acceptable Salts thereof, and combinations thereof. Addi ethyl-methylisothiazolon, chloromethyl-methylisothiazoli tional Suitable antiviral agents 15 include, e.g., a hypochlo none benzalkonium chloride, an octylisothiazolinone benz ride, a hypochloride generating compound, a peroxide, a imidazol-compound, chloromethyl-methylisothiazolinone peroxide generating compound, an organic halide, an octylisothiazolinone, o-phenylphenol benzisothiazolinone, organic halide generating compound, or a combination o-phenylphenol benzisothiazolinone, benzisothiazolinone, thereof. an aliphatic amine of 2-thiopyridineoxide, benzoic acid, 0153. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, editic acid, phenolic acid, benzyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, the antiviral agent 15 can include lysine hydrochloride. benzenethonium chloride, bronopol, cetrimide, chiorohexi dine, chlorobutanol, chlorocreSol, phenol, phenoxyethanol, 0154) The antiviral agent 15 can be present in any appro phenyl ethyl alcohol, phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercu priate and Suitable amount, provided the amount of antiviral ric borate, phenylmercuric nitrate, potassium Sorbate, agent 15 is effective to treat a viral infection and the amount proplyene glycol, Sodium benzoate, Sodium propionate, of antiviral agent 15 remains Stable in the therapeutic thimeroSol, and medicinally acceptable Salts thereof. Pref formulation 5 over a prolonged period of time. Typically, the erably, the preservative is quat-15, which is commercially antiviral agent 15 can be present in about 0.01 wt.% to about available from Dow Chemical (Midland Michigan); methyl 99.9 wt.% of the therapeutic formulation 5. The amount of paraben; ascorbic acid, or a combination thereof. antiviral agent 15 present in the therapeutic formulation 5 will typically depend upon the Specific compound or com 014.9 The preservative 7 can be employed in any suitable pounds employed as the antiviral agent 15. For example, amount provided the amount of preservative 7 effectively lysine hydrochloride can be present up to about 99.9 wt.% prevents bacterial growth, mold growth, fermentation, and/ of the therapeutic formulation 5, up to about 50 wt.% of the or decomposition and the effective amount of preservative 7 therapeutic formulation 5, or up to 20 wt.% of the thera remains stable in the formulation 5. Preferably, the stability peutic formulation 5. Preferably, the amount of antiviral is over a prolonged period of time, e.g., up to about 3 years, agent 15 employed in the therapeutic formulation 5 will up to about 1 year, or up to about 6 months, typically comply with FDA regulations. experienced in the manufacturing, packaging, Shipping, and/ or storage of the adhesive skin patch 1. The preservative 7 O155 Specifically, lysine hydrochloride can be present up can be present up to about 99.9 wt.% of the formulation 5, to about 10.0 wt. % of the therapeutic formulation 5. up to about 20.0 wt.% of the formulation 5, up to 5.0 wt.% Preferably, lysine hydrochloride can be present up to about of the formulation 5, or up to 1.5 wt.% of the formulation 4.0 wt.% of the therapeutic formulation 5. More preferably, 5. The amount of preservative 7 present in the formulation lysine hydrochloride can be present in about 0.01 wt.% to 5 will typically depend upon the Specific compound or about 10.0 wt.% or in about 0.1 wt.% to about 4.0 wt.% compounds employed as the preservative 7. For example, of the therapeutic formulation 5. quat-15 can be employed in about 0.01 wt.% to about 1.5 0156 The antiviral agent 15 can preferably be located on wt.% of the formulation 5, in about 0.05 wt.% to about 0.15 and in any portion of the therapeutic formulation 5, which is wt.% of the formulation 5, or in about 0.08 wt.% to about located on the front side 3 of the backing 2. Preferably, the 0.12 wt.% of the formulation 5. antiviral agent 15 can be located on and in the entire portion of the therapeutic formulation 5. When the adhesive skin 0150 Antiviral Agent patch 1 is placed upon the skin of a patient (e.g., human), the 0151. As used herein, an “antiviral agent” is a compound antiviral agent 15 can be in continuous contact with the skin or combination of compounds that weakens or abolishes the Surface of the patient. action of a virus. Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 25th Ed., O157 Complexing Agent illustrated, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md., p. 101 (1990). Any suitable antiviral agent 15 can be employed, 0158. In one embodiment of the present invention, the provided the antiviral agent 15 effectively treats a viral formulation 5 can include an essential oil 15 that is not infection and the antiviral agent 15 remains stable in the Soluble and/or stable either without a solvent or with the therapeutic formulation 5. Preferably, the stability is over a Specific Solvent 13, in the amount employed. The use of a prolonged period of time, e.g., up to about 2 years, up to complexing agent can be employed to modulate (i.e., regu US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004 late) the solubility, stability, and/or the volatility of the and an acrylate. For example, the Specific pendant group can essential oil 15 in the formulation 5. Any suitable complex include (C1-C12)alkoxy optionally substituted with one or ing agent can be employed, provided the completing agent more hydroxy. effectively solubilizes and/or stabilizes the essential oil 15 0162 Specific suitable derivatives of cyclodextrin and the complexing agent remains stable in the formulation include, e.g., alpha-cyclodextrin Sulfate, beta-cyclodextrin 5 over a prolonged period of time. Preferably, the stability is Sulfate, gamma-cyclodextrin Sulfate, alpha-hydroxypropyl over a prolonged period of time, e.g., up to about 3 years, up cyclodextrin, beta-hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin, gamma-hy to about 1 year, or up to about 6 months, typically experi droxypropyl cyclodextrin, alpha-cyclodextrin phosphate, enced in the manufacturing, packaging, shipping, and/or beta-cyclodextrin phosphate, and gamma-cyclodextrin Storage of the adhesive skin patch 1. In addition, any Suitable phosphate. amount of complexing agent can be employed, provided the 0163 Cyclodextrins are starches that have been specially amount of complexing agent effectively Solubilizes and/or modified by the action of an enzyme to make a water-Soluble Stabilizes the essential oil 15 and the amount of complexing ring-shaped molecule, capable of holding another, oil-like agent remains Stable in the formulation 5 over a prolonged organic Substance in its cavity. Because of this unique period of time. property, cyclodextrins can be used to carry all kinds of active ingredients (e.g., drugs, fragrances, flavors, and Vita 0159 Suitable specific complexing agents include, e.g., mins) in a wide variety of formulations. Increased Stability, cyclodextrins. AS used herein, a “cyclodextrin” refers to a water Solubility, and controlled release are among the many non-reducing cyclic oligosaccharide with at least 6 anhy application benefits. Specifically, cyclodextrins have the droglucose units linked by alpha 1,4 bonds to form a ring. benefit of encapsulating a Substance, thereby providing Cyclodextrins are typically produced by the action of the protection for the Substance. This results in increased shelf enzyme cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase CGTase on life and a reduced loss of degradation or decomposition. Starch. The most common cyclodextrins include alpha, beta, Cyclodextrins are themselves Soluble in water, and can and gamma cyclodextrins, which have Six, Seven, or eight, greatly increase the Solubility of highly water insoluble respectively, anhydroglucose units in the ring Structure. All Substances. In addition, cyclodextrins can be used to control of the hydroxyl groups in cyclodextrins are oriented to the the release of a Substance. outside of the ring while the glucosidic oxygen and two rings 0.164 Suitable cyclodextrins include alpha cyclodextrins, of the non-exchangeable hydrogen atoms are directed beta cyclodextrins, and gamma cyclodextrins. Specifically, towards the interior of the cavity. This combination gives the cyclodextrin can be hydroxylpropyl beta cyclodextrin, cyclodextrins a hydrophobic inner cavity and a hydrophilic hydroxylproplyl alpha cyclodextrin, or a combination exterior. See, e.g., the Cerestar website (http://www.cer thereof. In addition, the cyclodextrin can optionally be estar.com); the Betadex.cyclodextrin website (http://www branched. ..betadex.cyclodextrin.com); and M. L. Bender and M. 0.165 Suitable cyclodextrins, and derivatives thereof, can Komiyama, Cyclodextrin Chemistry, Springer, Berlin, 1978. be found, e.g., at U.S. Pat. No. 5,376,641; U.S. Pat. No. 0160 Cyclodextrins are enzymatically-modified starches 5,229,370; U.S. Pat. No. 4,383,992; the Cerestar website formed by the action of the enzyme cyclodextrin glucosyl (http://www.cerestar.com); the Betadex.cyclodextrin website transferase on Starch. They are doughnut-shaped molecules, (http://www.betadeXcyclodextrin.com); French et al., which can interact with organic molecules to form com Archives in Biochem. and Biophysics, Volume III, (1965) plexes. It is also possible for Some organic molecules and 153-150; the carbomer website (http://www.carbomer.com) Some inorganic Salts to associate with the hydroxyl groups and references cited therein. of the cyclodextrin. Three cyclodextrins are typically 0166 In one embodiment of the present invention, an formed, alpha, beta, and gamma cyclodextrin, which contain adhesive skin patch 1 is provided in which the formulation Six, Seven, or eight glucose molecules in the ring, respec 5 does not include an essential oil 15. In Such an embodi tively. The electron-dense glycosidic oxygen atoms are ment, the adhesive skin patch 1 can be manufactured, oriented inward and line the cavity. The hydroxyl groups are Shipped, and Stored without an essential oil 15 and an directed toward the outside of the ring. These hydrophilic essential oil 15 can be introduced to the adhesive skin patch groups interact with the water to give the cyclodextrins their 1 at a later time. aqueous Solubility properties. The hydrogen and glycosidic 0.167 The formulation 5 can preferably remain stable oxygen atoms lining the cavity give the cyclodextrin mol over the period of time typically experienced with the ecule its hydrophobic character and its ability to interact manufacturing, packaging, Shipping, and/or Storage of the with organic molecules to form complexes. Because of the adhesive skin patch 1, e.g., up to about a month, up to about free rotation of the C-6 carbon, this end of the cyclodextrin a year, up to about two years, or up to about 3 years. The cavity is narrower than the end with the C-2 and C-3 stability of the essential oil 15, for example, is due in part to hydroxyls. the formulation 5 including the essential oil 15 in an 0161) Derivatives of cyclodextrin can be obtained, e.g., adhesive formulation. The adhesive formulation is prefer by replacing one or more hydroxyl groups with a Suitable ably a hydrogel that holds the essential oil 15 in an available radical (i.e., pendant group). Suitable pendant groups form while maintaining the necessary Stability, preSSure include, e.g., Sulfinyl; Sulfonyl; phosphate; (C1-C12)alkyl Sensitive adhesion and effectiveness over a prolonged period optionally Substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) of time, e.g., up to about a month, up to about a year, up to hydroxy, carboxy, carbonyl, acyl, oxy, OXO, or a combination about two years, or up to about 3 years. thereof. Suitable Specific pendant groups include methyl, 0.168. The adhesive skin patch 1 can have any suitable ethyl, hydroxypropyl, carboxymethyl, Sulfate, phosphate, Size and shape. In addition, the adhesive skin patch 1 can be US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

cut, as desired, to provide an adhesive skin patch 1 of a a position will allow for the efficient flow of essential oil desired size and shape. The adhesive skin patch 1 can be cut from the adhesive skin patch 1 to the nasal passageway of with any Suitable cutting device Such as a Scissors, Scalpel, the patient. Alternatively, the adhesive skin patch 1 can be or knife. applied to an article of clothing of the patient. Specifically, 0169. The adhesive skin patch 1 can have any suitable the adhesive skin patch 1 can be applied to a mask (e.g., length. In one embodiment of the present invention, the Surgical mask), and the patient can wear the mask. While the patch can be a self-wound roll 25 without a release liner 10 adhesive skin patch 1 can be applied to either the inside or mounted on the front side 3 of the backing 2 of the adhesive the outside of the mask, Some patients may find it prefere skin patch 1. See, e.g., FIG. 10. In such an embodiment, the able to apply to adhesive skin patch 1 to the inside of the adhesive skin patch 1 can have a length of about 12 inches mask. Such a location could efficiently create a Zone of to about 100 yards, about 10 feet to about 50 yards, or about Vapor concentration of the essential oil, in a known, discrete, 20 feet to about 20 yards. Additionally, in such an embodi effective, and Safe amount. The Zone being defined by that ment, the adhesive skin patch 1 can have a width of about portion of the patient's face covered by the mask (which 0.1 inch to about 5.0 inches, about 0.1 inch to about 1.0 inch, includes the patient's nasal passageway) and the mask itself. or about 0.1 inch to about 0.5 inch. Such a Zone of vapor concentration of the essential oil, in a known, discrete, effective, and Safe amounts can be achieved 0170 In one embodiment of the present invention, the in part, e.g., by utilizing the minimal inhibitory dosages adhesive skin patch 1 can be rectangular and can have a (MIDs) disclosed in J. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2001) release liner 10 mounted on the front side 3 of the backing 47, 565-573. 2 of the adhesive skin patch 1. In Such an embodiment, the adhesive skin patch 1 can typically have a length of up to 0.175. The adhesive patch 1 of the present invention can about 10 inches, up to about 6 inches, up to about 4 inches, be formulated or manufactured employing the above com or up to about 2 inches. The adhesive skin patch 1 can have ponents. The adhesive patch 1 of the present invention can any suitable width. Typically, the adhesive skin patch 1 will be formulated or manufactured using any Suitable technique. have a width of up to about 5 inches, up to about 2.5 inches, Preferably, the adhesive patch 1 can be formulated or up to about 1 inch, or up to about 0.5 inch. Additionally, the manufactured as described herein or as described in U.S. adhesive skin patch 1 can have any Suitable thickness. Pat. No. 5,536,263; U.S. Pat. No. 5,741,510; and references Typically, the adhesive skin patch 1 will have a thickness of cited therein; wherein the backing can be treated with a about 0.10 mm to about 2.0 mm, about 0.15 mm to about 1.0 sizing agent 8 prior to the infusion of the formulation 5. mm, or about 0.20 mm to about 0.75 mm. 0176 Specific embodiments of the present invention are 0171 In one specific embodiment of the present inven provided below: tion, the adhesive skin patch 1 can be crescent, oval or 0177 1) One embodiment of the present invention pro circular in shape. The circular adhesive skin patch 1 can vides a method for preventing a respiratory infection in a have a diameter of about 0.1 inch to about 10 inches. mammal at risk thereof. The method includes contacting a Preferably, the circular adhesive skin patch 1 can have a live respiratory pathogen at risk of entering the respiratory diameter of about 1.5 inches to about 5 inches. See, FIG. 7. tract of the mammal with a therapeutically effective amount 0172 In another specific embodiment of the present of an essential oil, Such that the live respiratory pathogen is invention, the adhesive skin patch 1 can be rectangular in inactivated upon contact with the essential oil, wherein the shape. The rectangular adhesive skin patch 1 can have a Source of the essential oil is a patch located in the vicinity glength of about 1 inch to about 10 inches and a width of of the nasal passageway of the mammal. about 1 inch to about 10 inches. Preferably, the rectangular adhesive Skin patch 1 can have a length of about 1 inch to 0.178 (2) Another embodiment of the present invention about 2 inches and a width of about 0.1 inch to about 0.75 provides a method for preventing a respiratory viral infec tion in a mammal at risk thereof. The method includes inch. See, FIG. 8. contacting a live respiratory virus with a prophylactically 0173. In one embodiment of the present invention, the effective amount of an essential oil, Such that the live adhesive skin patch 1 can have a release liner 10 mounted on respiratory virus is inactivated upon contact with the essen the front side 3 of the backing 2 of the adhesive skin patch tial oil, wherein the Source of the essential oil is a patch 1. In Such an embodiment, one or more adhesive skin located in the vicinity of the nasal passageway of the patches 1 can be mounted on the release liner 10. For mammal. example, one adhesive skin patch 1 can have one release liner 10 mounted on the front side 3 of the backing 2 of the 0179 (3) Another embodiment of the present invention adhesive skin patch 1. Alternatively, about 2 to about 100 or provides a method for preventing the transmission of a about 2 to about 20 adhesive skin patches 1 can be mounted respiratory infection between mammals. The method on the release liner 10. The cost of having two or more includes contacting a live respiratory pathogen exiting the patches 1 on a Single release liner 10 is typically leSS respiratory tract of a first mammal with a therapeutically expensive than skin patches 1 that are Separately mounted on effective amount of an essential oil, Such that the live a single release liner 10. In addition, Some consumerS may respiratory pathogen is inactivated upon contact with the prefer the ease and comfort of carrying a Single patch essential oil, wherein the Source of the essential oil is a patch assembly that includes a single release liner 10 and more located in the vicinity of the nasal passageway of the first than one (e.g., about 2 to about 20, or about 2 to about 10) mammal. adhesive patches 1 mounted on the Single release liner 10. 0180 4) Another embodiment of the present invention 0.174. The adhesive skin patch 1 can be applied to the provides a method for inhibiting a respiratory pathogen. The region between the upper lip and the nose of a patient. Such method includes contacting a live respiratory pathogen with US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

a therapeutically effective amount of an essential oil, Such (TB), legionellosis, echinococcosis, pulmonary pleuropneu that the live respiratory pathogen is inactivated upon contact monia, tonsillitis, asthma, allergies, and combinations with the essential oil, wherein the Source of the essential oil thereof. is a patch located in the vicinity of the respiratory pathogen. 0.190 14 Another embodiment of the present invention 0181 5. Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-5 and provides a method for treating a respiratory infection in a 8-13), wherein the respiratory infection is caused by a mammal infected thereof or at risk thereof. The method pathogen Selected from the group of respiratory Syncytial includes contacting a live respiratory pathogen with a thera virus (RSV), rhinovirus, para-influenza virus, coronavirus, peutically effective amount of an essential oil, Such that the adenovirus, coxsackievirus, myxovirus, Pneumococcus, live respiratory pathogen is inactivated upon contact with Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Haemophi-lus, the essential oil, wherein the Source of the essential oil is a aspergillus, blastomyces dermatidis, candidiasis, coccidio patch located in the vicinity of the nasal passageway of the idomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, contact aller mammal. gens, and combinations thereof. 0182 (6 Another embodiment of the present invention 0191) 15. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a kit that includes: (a) patch that includes a flexible provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-14), backing having a front Side and a back Side and a formula wherein the backing of the patch is porous. tion positioned on at least a portion of the front Side of the 0.192 16. Another embodiment of the present invention backing, in at least a portion of the front Side of the backing, provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-14), or on and in at least a portion of the front Side of the backing, wherein the backing of the patch is non-porous. wherein the formulation includes a therapeutically effective respiratory pathogen inhibiting amount of an essential oil; 0193 17 Another embodiment of the present invention (b) a mask for placing over the nasal passageway of a provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-14), mammal; and (c) packaging material. wherein the backing of the patch is vapor permeable. 0194 18 Another embodiment of the present invention 0183 7 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-17, provides the kit of embodiment 6), further including wherein the formulation is positioned on the entire front Side instructions for using the patch and mask. of the backing of the patch. 0184 8. Another embodiment of the present invention 0.195. 19 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-5), provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-17, wherein the patch includes a flexible backing having a front wherein the formulation is positioned on a portion of front Side and a back Side and a formulation positioned on at least Side of the backing of the patch. a portion of the front Side of the backing, in at least a portion of the front Side of the backing, or on and in at least a portion 0196. 20 Another embodiment of the present invention of the front side of the backing; wherein the formulation provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-19), includes the essential oil. wherein the formulation is partially embedded in the front Side of the backing of the patch. 0185. 9 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 0.197 21 Another embodiment of the present invention 8), wherein the respiratory infection is an upper respiratory provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-20), infection. wherein the backing of the patch includes a non-woven fabric. 0186 10 Another embodiment of the present invention 0198 22 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-5 and provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-20), 8-9, wherein the respiratory infection is an acute respi wherein the backing of the patch includes polycellulose ratory infection. fibers, polyester fibers, polyurethane fibers, polyolefin 0187 11 Another embodiment of the present invention fibers, polyamide fibers, cotton fibers, copolyester fibers, provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-5 and films, or any mixture thereof. 8-10), wherein the respiratory infection is a chronic 0199 23. Another embodiment of the present invention respiratory infection. provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-20), 0188 12 Another embodiment of the present invention wherein the backing of the patch includes open cell foam. provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 0200 24 Another embodiment of the present invention 8-11), wherein the respiratory infection is caused by a provides the method of embodiment 23, wherein the open respiratory virus. cell foam includes polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, poly ethylene, or any combination thereof. 0189 13 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 0201 25 Another embodiment of the present invention 8-12), wherein the respiratory infection is selected from provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-24), the group of Severe acute respiratory Syndrome (SARS), wherein upon contact with skin, the backing of the patch influenza, mumps, croup, Sinusitis, bronchitis, angina, lar retains the formulation and the patch allows moisture from yngitis, tracheitis, rhinitis, rhinopharyngitis, bronchiolitis, the skin to pass through the patch. bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pneumonia, Staphylococcal 0202 (26 Another embodiment of the present invention pneumonia, whooping cough, the common cold, type A provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-25), influenza, type B influenza, type C influenza, tuberculosis wherein the formulation further includes an adhesive. US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

0203 27 Another embodiment of the present invention 0213 34] Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of embodiment 26, wherein the provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-33), adhesive is an acrylic ester copolymer, a water-based adhe wherein the formulation further includes a polymer. Sive, a hot melt adhesive, a pressure Sensitive adhesive, a 0214) 35 Another embodiment of the present invention Solvent based pressure Sensitive adhesive, a polyacrylate, a provides the method of embodiment 34), wherein the polyisobutylene, a polybutene, a rubber, a Silicone based polymer is karaya, a polyacrly amide, Xanthan gum, guar preSSure Sensitive adhesive, a polystyrene-polybutadiene gum, a natural polymer, a Synthetic polymer, a hydrophilic polystyrene block polymer, a polystyrene-polyisoprene polymer, a hydrocolloidal polymer, Starch, a Starch deriva polystyrene block polymer, a polystyrene-poly(ethylene tive, Vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl pyrrollidone, poly butylene)-polystyrene block polymer, or any combination ethylene oxide, algin, derivatives of algin, a polyacrylate, thereof. polymaleic acid, polymaleic anhydride, a polyurethane, a 0204 28 Another embodiment of the present invention polyurea, gum acacia, locust bean gum, modified guar gum, provides the method of embodiment 26, wherein the maltodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxypropyl cel adhesive is an acrylic ester copolymer. lulose, polyvinyl alcohol, poly AMPS, or any combination 0205 29 Another embodiment of the present invention thereof. provides the method of embodiment 28, wherein the 0215 36 Another embodiment of the present invention acrylic ester copolymer is present in about 0.5 wt.% to about provides the method of embodiment 34), wherein the 18.0 wt.% of the formulation. polymer is karaya. 0206 30 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-29, 0216) 37 Another embodiment of the present invention wherein the formulation further includes a solvent. provides the method of embodiment 36, wherein the karaya is present in about 13 wt.% to about 52 wt.% of the 0207 31 Another embodiment of the present invention formulation. provides the method of embodiment 30, wherein the Solvent includes water, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, 0217 38 Another embodiment of the present invention glycerin; propylene glycol, triacetin; 1,3-propane diol; provides the method of embodiment 26, wherein the 2-methyl-1,3-propane diol; glycerol ricinoleate; PEG-6 adhesive is positioned on the entire front Side of the backing caprylic/capric glycerides; caprylic/capric triglycerides; of the patch. propyleneglycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, glycerol monoStear ate, glycerol monocaprylate, glycerol monolaurate, neopen 0218 39 Another embodiment of the present invention tyl alcohol, 1-hexadecanol, hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodex provides the method of embodiment 26, wherein the trin; Vitamin E, Vitamin E acetate, deoxycholic acid; adhesive is positioned on a portion of front Side of the taurodeoxycholic acid; 3-(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethy backing of the patch. lammonio-1-propane-Sulfonate; BigCHAP, cholic acid; 0219 40 Another embodiment of the present invention cholesterol NF, propylene carbonate; lecithin; a pharmaceu provides the method of embodiment 26, wherein the tically acceptable Salt thereof, or a combination thereof. adhesive is partially embedded in at least a portion of the 0208 32 Another embodiment of the present invention backing of the patch. provides the method of embodiment 30, wherein the 0220 41. Another embodiment of the present invention Solvent includes a (C-C) acyclic hydrocarbon, a (C-C) provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-40), cyclic hydrocarbon, a (C-C) aryl hydrocarbon, a (C-C) wherein the formulation is positioned on the entire front Side heteroaryl hydrocarbon, or a (C-C) heterocyclic hydro of the backing of the patch. carbon; 0209 wherein any of the hydrocarbons can option 0221) 42 Another embodiment of the present invention ally include one or more carbon-carbon double provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-40), bonds and any of the hydrocarbons can optionally wherein the formulation is positioned on a portion of front include one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds, Side of the backing of the patch. 0210 wherein any of the hydrocarbons can option 0222 43 Another embodiment of the present invention ally include one or more oxy (-O-), carbonyl provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-42), (-C(=O)C ), carboxylato (-C=O)O-), dioxy wherein the formulation is partially embedded in at least a (-O-O-), dithio (-S-S-), imino (-NH-), portion of the backing of the patch. methylene dioxy (-OCHO-), Sulfinyl (-SO-), 0223 44 Another embodiment of the present invention sulfonyl (-SO), or thio (-S-); provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-43), 0211 wherein any of the hydrocarbons can option wherein the formulation further includes a fragrance. ally be Substituted with one or more amino, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, (C-C)alkoxy, halo, trif 0224. 45) Another embodiment of the present invention luoro, trifluoro (C-C)alkyl, NR'R'', or COOR'; provides the method of embodiment 44, wherein the wherein R' and R' are each independently hydrogen, fragrance is a floral Scent, a fruit Scent, a plant leaf Scent, or a (C-C) acyclic hydrocarbon or a (C-C) cyclic any combination thereof. hydrocarbon. 0225 46. Another embodiment of the present invention 0212. 33) Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of embodiment 44, wherein the provides the method of embodiment 30, wherein the fragrance includes grape fragrance, musk fragrance, light solvent is present in about 3.0 wt.% to about 25.0 wt.% of Vanilla fragrance, Jergens lotion fragrance, Vaseline Inten the formulation. Sive Care fragrance, Nivea Lotion fragrance, Ivory Soap US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

fragrance, amaretto fragrance, blueberry fragrance, coffee fined cocoa butter, coconut oil, refined coconut oil, cognac, fragrance, egg nog fragrance, peanut butter fragrance, rum combava petitgrain, coriander, green coriander, cornmint, cake fragrance, honey almond fragrance, ginger bread house costus oil, cumin, cypress, davana oil, dill, dill weed, elemi, fragrance, coffee cake & Spice fragrance, raspberry rose erigeron (fleabane), eucalyptus citriodora, eucalyptus globu fragrance, Sassafras fragrance, Strawberry fragrance, grape lus, lemon eucalyptus, fennel, Sweet fennel, fenugreek, fir, fruit pink fragrance, home Sweet fragrance, jeweled citrus Canada fir needle, Siberia fir needle, white fir needle, fragrance, lemon, mango fragrance, mulberry fragrance, frankincense, India frankincense, Oman frankincense, gal orange flower fragrance, passion fruit fragrance, pikaki banum oil, garlic, genet, geranium, geranium leaf, geranium fragrance, freesia fragrance, china rain fragrance, coconut fragrance, apple fragrance, baked bread fragrance, cornuco rose, Bourbon geranium, Egyptian geranium, ginger, Cochin pia fragrance, lemon chiffon fragrance, peppermint twist extra ginger, ginsing, Siberian ginsing, Korean ginsing, fragrance, white cake fragrance, cherry pie fragrance, Sugar grapefruit, pink grapefruit, white grapefruit, grapeseed oil, plum fragrance, plum fragrance, romantic fragrance, Sea hazelnut oil, helichrysum, helichrysum immortelle, Mad. fresh fragrance, tea fragrance, green floral fragrance, hon helichrysum, Balkan helichrysum, Corsica helichrysum, eydew fragrance, kiwi fragrance, lilac fragrance, may bou France helichrysum, hemp oil, absolute honeySuckle, hyS quet fragrance, neutralizer fragrance, patchouli fragrance, Sop, hySSop decumbens, absolute immortelle, fragrant aster peach fragrance, pine apple bloSSom fragrance, chocolate inula, Jamaican gold, unrefined Jamaican gold, jasmine, mint fragrance, frankincense fragrance, baked apple pie absolute jasmine, grandiflorum jasmine, Sambac jasmine, fragrance, cappuccino fragrance, cran-apple fragrance, jojoba oil, helio-carrot in jojoba, melissa in jojoba, absolute maple Syrup fragrance, buttered popcorn fragrance, Sugar jonquille, juniper berry, Siberia juniper berry, Croatia juni cookie fragrance, cotton candy fragrance, cranberry cobbler per berry, lanolin, unrefined anhydrous lanolin, lantana fragrance, plumeria fragrance, rum fragrance, Spring fever camara, laurel nobilis, lavandin, abrialis lavandin, grOSSo fragrance, Watermelon fragrance, guava fragrance, honey lavandin, lavender, Oregon lavender, Bulgarian lavender, Suckle fragrance, hyacinth fragrance, macadamia nut fra Russian lavender, high-altitude lavendar, wild-crafted lav grance, melon fragrance, OakmoSS fragrance, papaya fra ender, lavendin, organic lavindin, lemon, lemongrass, lime, grance, pear pineapple fragrance, blueberry fragrance, distilled lime, expressed lime, litSea, litSea cubeba, blue, citrus-ginseng fragrance, garden dreams fragrance, banana pink and white lotus, macadamia oil, mace, green mandarin, creme pie fragrance, chocolate mint fragrance, cranberry red mandarin, yellow mandarin, manuka, absolute marigold, fragrance, macadamia nut fragrance, pumpkin pie fragrance, marigold flower, marjoram, Spanish marjoram, Sweet mar chocolate German cake fragrance, banana nut bread fra grance, Sweet potato pie fragrance, raspberry fragrance, joram (true), massoia bark, melissa, codistilled melissa, Sandalwood fragrance, Spring flowers fragrance, ylang fra “rectified’ melissa, true melissa, absolute mimosa, mimosa, grance, heather fragrance, jasmine fragrance, lavender fra monarda, mugwort, musk Seed, myrrh, myrtle, absolute grance, magnolia fragrance, mountain air fragrance, orange narcissus, neroli (orange blossom), niaouli, nutmeg, extra essence fragrance, paradise fragrance, peony fragrance, nutmeg, OakmoSS, absolute oak moSS, olibanum, absolute alpine breeze fragrance, chamomile fragrance, clover fra opopanax, bitter orange, blood orange, Sweet orange, Wild West Indian orange, oregano, orris root, concrete orris, grance, gardenia fragrance, or any combination thereof. oSmanthus, palm oil, refined palm oil, palmarosa, paprika, 0226 47 Another embodiment of the present invention parsley Seed, patchouli, India patchouli oil, Indonesia provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-46), patchouli oil, peanut, peanut oil, pecan oil, pennyroyal, wherein the essential oil includes ajowan, Sweet almond oil, pepper, black pepper, Super black pepper, peppermint, India allspice, aloe Vera oil, ammi Visnaga (khella), amyris, peppermint, USAbaby mint peppermint, pet perfume, petit angelica root, angelica Seed, anise, anise Seed, Star anise, grain (orange leaves), white pine, pine needle, evening apricot kernel oil, absolute arnica, avocado oil, unrefined primrose, ravensara anisata, true ravensara, ravensare, avocado oil, Copaiba balsam, balsam Peru genuine, balsam ravintsara, redberry, rosalina, rose, rose geranium, rose otto, Peru oil, balsam peru liquid resin, balsam tolu, Sweet french Bulgarian rose, English rose, Turkish rose, rosehip Seed oil, basil, basil, basil ct. methyl chavicol, lemon ct. citral basil, rosemary, rosemary anti-oxidant extract powder, rosemary Sweet ct. linalool basil, bay laurel, bay leaf, bay rum, bay Verbenone, Morocco rosemary, Spain rosemary, rosewood, leaf West Indies, bees wax, unrefined bees wax, benzoin rosewood oil, rue, Sage, white Sage, Sage dalmatian, Sage absolute, benzoin resinoid, bergamot, mint bergamot, Italian officinalis, Sage triloba, Sandalwood, Seabuckthorn berry, bergamot oil, free bergaptenebergamot, birch, Sweet birch, Sesame oil, Sesame Seed oil, Shea butter, unrefined Shea borage oil, boronia, butter, buchu leaf, cajeput, calamus, butter, Spikenard, green Spikenard, Spruce, St. John's wort, calendula oil, infused calendula oil, camellia oil, cannabis, Styrax resin, tagetes, tangerine, Dancy tangerine, tarragon, caraway, caraway Seed, cardamom, absolute carnation, car tea tree, Australia tea tree, thuja (cedar leaf), thyme, red rot Seed, high carotol carrot Seed, carrot Seed oil, cassia, thyme, thyme ct. linalool, thyme Vulgaris, wild thyme, red cassis bud (black currant), castor oil, catnip, oil of catnip, thyme, mixed tocopherols, tolu balsam resin, absolute tube cedarleaf, western red cedarleaf, cedarwood, Atlas cedar rose, tuberose, tumeric, Valerian, Vanilla, pure Vanilla Wood, Himalayan cedarwood, Virginia cedarwood, celery extract, Vanilla bean, absolute Vanilla bourbon, vegetable Seed, chamomile, blue chamomile, German chamomile, glycerin, absolute verbena, Vetiver, Violete leaves, Vitex, Moroccan chamomile, Moroccan wild chamomile, Roman organic Haiti Vetiver, absolute violet leaf, Walnut oil, win chamomile, champaca, cilantro, true cinnamon bark, cinna tergreen, natural wintergreen, Wormwood, yarrow, ylang mon bark, cinnamon leaf, cinnamon cassia, cistus, cit ylang, ylangylang I, ylangylang II, ylangylang III, ylang ronella, Java citronella, ciste oil, artificial civet, clary Sage, ylang compound, ylangylang complete, ylangylang extra, high Sclareol clary Sage, clementine, Italian clementine peel methyl Salicylate, menthol, camphor, eucalyptus oil, Spear oil, clove, clove bud, clove leaf, cocoa, cocoa butter, unre mint oil, or a combination thereof. US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

0227 48 Another embodiment of the present invention fluorocarbon solution is Vilmed M1585 WHYTM, Vilmed provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-46), M1585H/HYTM, Vilmed M1586 WHYTM, Vilmed M1586 wherein the essential oil includes basil (Ocimum basilicum), H/HYTM, Vilmed M1570TM, Vilmed M1573 FTM, Vilmed cardamom (elettaria cardamomum), Roman chamomile M1573 FHTM, Vilmed M1577 FTM, Vilmed M1578 FTM, (anthemis nobilis), eucalyptus (eucalyptus radiate), gera Vilmed M1578 FHTM, or a combination thereof. nium (pelargonium X asperum), MQV (melaleuca quinquen 0232 53 Another embodiment of the present invention ervia viridiflora), neroli (citrus aurantium), petitgrain (cit provides the method of embodiment 51), wherein the rus aurantium), rosemary (rosemarinus Oficinalis Silicone-containing compound is a polydimethyl siloxane, a camphor), rosemary (rosemarinus Officinalis verbenone), or dialkylsiloxane, a dimethylsiloxo Vinyl alkene, a dialkylsi a combination thereof. loXO Vinyl alkene, a dimethylsiloxo acrylate, a dialkylsiloxo 0228 49 Another embodiment of the present invention acrylate, a vinyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, a vinyl provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-46), terminated polydialkylsiloxane, or a combination thereof. wherein the essential oil includes Satureja montana, carvac 0233 54 Another embodiment of the present invention rol, thymol eugenol, australol, gaiacol, cinnamic aldehyde, provides the method of embodiment 50, wherein the entire geraniol, linalool, thujanol, myrcenol, terpineol, menthol front side of the backing of the patch is treated with the and piperitol, geranial (citrals), citronellal, cuminal, Ver Sizing agent. benone, thujone, borneone (camphor), pinocamphone, cryp tone, fenchone, menthone, piperitone and carvone, 0234 55 Another embodiment of the present invention estragole, anethole, Phtalids (such as celery seed), cineole, provides the method of embodiment 50, wherein the sizing monoterpenol, an essential oil derived from trees of the agent penetrates at least a portion of the underlying Surface Myrteceae family; linalool oxide, linalool (Hissopus off var. of the front side of the backing of the patch. decumbens), thymol: Trachyspermum ammi (Ajowan), thy 0235 56 Another embodiment of the present invention mus CT thymol; caravcrol: Origanum compactum provides the method of embodiment 50, wherein the sizing (Oregano) Origanum heracleoticum (Greek Oregano) Cory agent penetrates the entire underlying Surface of the front dothymus capitatus (Spanish Oregano) Satureja montana Side of the backing of the patch. (winter or mountain Savory), thymus CT carvacrol, Thymus 0236 57 Another embodiment of the present invention Serpyllum (wild thyme or mother-of-thyme); Eugenol: Euge provides the method of embodiment 50, wherein the entire nia caryophyllus (Clove tree) Cinnamomum verum-leaf backing of the patch is treated with the sizing agent. (Ceylon Cinnamon), Ocimum gratissimum CT eugenol (hot or shrubby basil); gaiacol: guaiacum officinalis (Gaiac 0237) 58 Another embodiment of the present invention wood); linalool: Aniba rosaeodora (rosewood), Coriandrum provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-57, sativum (Coriander), thymus CT linalool, Lavandula reydo wherein the patch further includes a skin protectant. van, Geraniol: Cymbopogon martini (Palmarosa), thymus 0238 59 Another embodiment of the present invention CT geraniol; thujanol: Thymus CT thujanol, Origanum provides the method of embodiment 58), wherein the skin majorana (Sweet marjoram or oregano); Borneol: Thyumus protectant is aloe, lanolin, glycerin, calamine, Vitamin E, Satureioides (Thym borneol-carvacrol type), Inula graveO Vitamin E acetate, Vitamin C, allantoin, aluminum hydrox lens (Sweet inula); menthol: Mentha X piperita (peppermint), ide gel, bismuth Subnitrate, boric acid, calamine, cocoa Mentha arvensis (field mint or cornmint); Citronnellol: butter, dimethicone, glycerin, kaolin, live yeast cell deriva PelargOnium asperum (geranium); terpinenelol4. Melaleuca tive, petrolatum, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Shark liver oil, alternifolia (tea tree), Origanum majorana (Sweet marjoram Sodium bicarbonate, Sulfur, tannic acid, topical Starch, tro or oregano); alpha terpineol: Ravensara aromatica (Raven lamine, white petrolatum, Zinc acetate, Zinc carbonate Zinc Sara), Eucalyptus radiata (black or narrow-leaf peppermint oxide, Zinc Sulfate, Shea butter, or any combination thereof. eucalyptus), Cinnamaldehyde: Cinnamomum verum or zey landicum (bark) (Ceylon cinnamon (bark), Cinnamomum 0239) 60. Another embodiment of the present invention cassia (bark) (Chinese cinnamon (bark), Cinnamomum provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-59), loureirii (bark) (Vietnamese cinnamon bark); Cuminal: wherein the formulation further includes a polyhydric alco Cuminum cyminum (Cumin), Eucalyptus polybractea CT hol. cryptone (Blue mallee eucalyptus cryptone type); Phellan 0240 61 Another embodiment of the present invention dral: eucalyptus polybractea CT cryptone (Blue Mallee provides the method of embodiment 60, wherein the eucalyptus cryptone type); or a combination thereof polyhydric alcohol is erythritol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, Sorbitol, or 0229 50 Another embodiment of the present invention any combination thereof. provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-49), wherein at least a portion of the backing of the patch is 0241 62 Another embodiment of the present invention treated with a sizing agent Such that the portion of the provides the method of embodiment 60, wherein the backing that is treated with the sizing agent has a Surface polyhydric alcohol is propylene glycol. energy of about 20 dynes/cm' to about 65 dynes/cm’. 0242) 63 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of embodiment 60, wherein the 0230) 51. Another embodiment of the present invention polyhydric alcohol is present in about 0.5 wt.% to about 25.0 provides the method of embodiment 50), wherein the sizing wt.% of the formulation. agent is a fluorocarbon Solution, a Silicone-containing com pound, or a combination thereof. 0243 64 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of embodiment 60, wherein the 0231 52 Another embodiment of the present invention polyhydric alcohol is present in about 0.5 wt.% to about 5.0 provides the method of embodiment 51), wherein the wt.% of the formulation. US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004 20

0244 65 Another embodiment of the present invention root, thyme (Thymus vulgaris), boneset (Eupatorium perfo provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-64), liatum), feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), catnip (Nepeta wherein the formulation further includes water. cataria), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), elder flower (Sam bucus nigra, S. Canadenis), ginger (Zingiber officinale), 0245 66. Another embodiment of the present invention Ginko biloba, St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), provides the method of embodiment 65, wherein the water and combinations thereof. is present in about 5.0 wt.% to about 15.0 wt.% of the formulation. 0249 70 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-68), 0246 67 Another embodiment of the present invention wherein the formulation further includes an antiviral agent provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-66), Selected from the group of Zinc, lysine, foScarnet, 3-deox wherein the formulation further includes an antibiotic agent. ythmidin-2-ene, dideoxycytosine, dideoxyinosine, lamivu 0247 68 Another embodiment of the present invention dine, azidothymidine, indinavir, ritonavir, Saquinavir, acy provides the method of embodiment 67, wherein the clovir, idoxuridine, ribavirin, Vidarabine, amantidine, antibiotic agent is cilastatin, clavulanic acid, folinic acid, rinantidine, Viracea2, cytovene, famciclovir, Valaciclovir, probenecid, pyridoxine, Sulbactam, dapsone, ethambutol, penciclovir, hexadecylosypropyl-cidofovir (HDP-CDV), isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifampin, Streptomycin, capreomy nonoxynol-9, docosanol (n-docosanol, 1-docosanol, or cin, ethionamide, para aminoSalicylic acid, cycloSerine, behenyl alcohol, which is a Saturated 22-carbon Straight ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, imipe chain alcohol), a pharmaceutically acceptable Salt thereof, nam, meropenem, cilistatin, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cephal and combinations thereof. exin, cephalothin, cefaclor, cefamandole, cefonicid, cefoX 0250) 71. Another embodiment of the present invention itin, cefurOXine, cefoperaZone, cefotaXime, ceftazidime, provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-68), ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, moxalactam, wherein the formulation further includes an antiviral agent cefepine, bacitracin, Vancomycin, aztreonam, amoxicillin, Selected from the group of a hypochloride, a hypochloride clavulanic acid, benzathine, penicilling, penicillin V, ampi generating compound, a peroxide, a peroxide generating cillin, carbenicillin indamyl, carbenicillin, meZlocillin, pip compound, an organic halide, an organic halide generating eracillin, ticarcillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, floxacillin, compound, or a combination thereof. methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, colistmethate, polymixin b, trimethoprim, co-trimoxazole, mafenide, Sulfadiazine, 0251 72 Another embodiment of the present invention Sodium Sulfacetamide, Sulfacytine, Sulfadiazine, Sul provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-71), famethoxazole , Sulfapyridine, SulfaSalazine, Sulfisoxazole, wherein the formulation further includes an antimicrobial chloramphenicol, clindamycin, Spectinomycin, azithromy agent. cin, clarithromycin, erythrmoycin, erythromycin eStolate, 0252) 73. Another embodiment of the present invention Spiramycin, chlortetracycline, demeclocycline, doxycycline, provides the method of embodiment 72), wherein the minocycline, Oxytetracycline, amikacin, kanamycin, neo antimicrobial agent is quat-15, a paraben, dichlorobenzyl mycin, Streptomycin, tobramycin, nitrofurantoin, griseoful alcohol, ethylene diamine tetreacetic acid, formaldehyde, Vin, potassium iodide, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketocona gum benzoin, imidazolidinyl urea, phenyl-mercuric acetate, Zole, miconazole, clotrimazole, amphotericin b, nyStatin, poly aminopropyl biguanide, proply gallate, Sorbic acid, niclosamide, nifurtimox, piperazine, praZiquantel, pyrantel creSol, chloroacetamide Sodium benzoate, chloromethyl pamoate, thiabendazole, amodiaquine, chloroquine, methylisothiazolinone, chloromethyl-methylisothiazolon, hydroxychloroquine, mefloquine, primacquine, chloromethyl-methylisothiazolinone benzalkonium chlo pyrimethamine, quinidine gluconate, fansidar, diloxanide ride, an octylisothiazolinone benzimidazol-compound, chlo furoate, melarSoprol, nifurtimox, paromomycin, pentami romethyl-methylisothiazolinone octylisothiazolinone, dine, Sodium Stibogluconate, Suramin, metronidazole, foS o-phenylphenol benzisothiazolinone, o-phenylphenol ben carnet, 3-deoxythmidin-2-ene, dideoxycytosine, dideoxyi Zisothiazolinone, benzisothiazolinone, an aliphatic amine of nosine, lamivudine, azidothymidine, indinavir, ritonavir, 2-thiopyridineoxide, benzoic acid, editic acid, phenolic acid, Saquinavir, acyclovir, idoxuridine, ribavirin, Vidarabine, benzyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, benzenethonium chloride, amantidine, rinantidine, foScarnet, 3-deoxythmidin-2-ene, bronopol, cetrimide, chlorohexidine, chlorobutanol, chloro dideoxycytosine, dideoxyinosine, lamivudine, azidothymi creSol, phenol, phenoxyethanol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, phe dine, indinavir, ritonavir, Saquinavir, acyclovir, idoxuridine, nylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric borate, phenylmercuric ribavirin, Vidarabine, amantidine, rinantidine, a pharmaceu nitrate, potassium Sorbate, proplyene glycol, Sodium ben tically acceptable Salt thereof, or any combination thereof. Zoate, Sodium propionate, thimeroSol, a pharmaceutically 0248 69. Another embodiment of the present invention acceptable Salt thereof, or any combination thereof. provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-68), 0253) 74. Another embodiment of the present invention wherein the formulation further includes an antiviral agent provides the method of embodiment 72), wherein the Selected from the group of Echinacea (Echinacea anguSti antimicrobial agent is quat-15. folia, E. pallida, E. purpurea), Elderberry (Sambucus nigra), Garlic (Allium sativum), Lemon balm (Glycyrrhiza glabra), 0254 75 Another embodiment of the present invention Astragalus (AStragalus membranaceus), eyebright (Euphra provides the method of embodiment 74), wherein the Sia Oficinalis), Sage (Salvia Officinalis), yarrow (Achillea quat-15 is present in about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.1 wt.% of millefolium), nettles (Urtica dioica), peppermint (menthe the formulation. piperiya), ephedra (Ephedra Sinica), marshmallow root 0255 76. Another embodiment of the present invention (Althea officinalis), mullein leaves or flowers (Verbascum provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-75), spp.), plantain leaf (Plantago lanceolata, P. major), licorice wherein the patch is individually wrapped. US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004 21

0256 77 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-76), -continued wherein the patch further includes a release liner that is mounted to the front Side of the backing. Range % Typical % 0257 78 Another embodiment of the present invention acrylic emulsion adhesive 2-30 14 water 1-20 2 provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-77), natural peppermint oil 1-5 1. wherein the patch is Sterile. eucalyptus oil 1-5 1. Spanish 1-5 2 0258 79 Another embodiment of the present invention E. emary 1-5 2 provides the method of embodiment 78, wherein the patch Q-15 0.01-0.5 O.O3 is Sterilized by irradiation. 0259 80 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of embodiment 78, wherein the patch Example 2 is Sterilized by terminal irradiation. 0269) 0260 81 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-80), wherein the patch further includes packaging material. Range % Typical % 0261) 82 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-81), sin 2. wherein the patch releases the therapeutically effective polyacrylamide 10-40 1O amount of the essential oil over a period of time of up to aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 about 12 hours. acrylic emulsion adhesive 2-30 14 water 1-20 2 0262 83 Another embodiment of the present invention natural peppermint oil 1-5 1. provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-81), Salyptus oil 2 wherein the patch releases the therapeutically effective myrtle 1-5 2 amount of the essential oil over a period of time of up to Q-15 0.01-0.5 O.O3 about 8 hours. 0263 84 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-83), Example 3 wherein the Source of the essential oil is located within about 6 inches of the mammal. 0270) 0264 85 Another embodiment of the present invention provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-84), wherein the minimal inhibitory dose (MID) of the essential Range % Typical % oil, as a measure of the vapor activity, is up to about 2.0 Glycerin 20-70 50 mg/L in air. pectin 15-50 17 polyacrylamide 10-40 1O 0265 86. Another embodiment of the present invention aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-84), acrylic emulsion adhesive 2-30 14 wherein the minimal inhibitory dose (MID) of the essential water 1-20 2 oil,il as a measure off theth vapor activity,tivitv, is about 0.1 mg/LLt to junipereucalyptus berry oil oil 1-5 1. about 2.0 mg/L in air. fennel 1-5 2 myrtle 1-5 2 0266 87 Another embodiment of the present invention Q-15 0.01-0.5 O.O3 provides the method of any one of embodiments 1-86), wherein the Source of the essential oil is located within about 6 inches of nasal passageWaypassagewav of the mammal. Example 4 0267 The invention can be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples. 0271)

EXAMPLES Example 1. Range % Typical % Glycerin 20-70 50 0268) Karaya 15-50 17 Polyvinyl alcohol 5-40 1O aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 acrylic emulsion adhesive 2-30 14 Range % Typical % water 1-20 2 lavender 1-6 3 Glycerin 20-70 50 ylangylang 1-6 3 Karaya 15-50 27 Q-15 0.01-0.5 O.O3 aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

Example 5 0272 -continued Range % Typical % Gamma Cyclodextrin 1-10 5 Range % Typical % Polyacrylamide 5-30 12 aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 Glycerin 20-70 50 acrylic emulsion adhesive 2-30 14 Polyvinyl alcohol 10-50 17 water 1-20 2 Gelatin 1-20 4 natural peppermint oil 1-5 1. aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 bergamot 1-5 1. acrylic emulsion adhesive 2-30 14 Spanish rosemary 1-5 2 water 1-20 8 basil 1-5 2 natural peppermint oil 1-5 1. Q-15 0.01-0.5 O.O3 eucalyptus oil 1-5 1. Oregano 1-5 2 pine needle 1-5 2 Q-15 0.01-0.5 O.O3 Example 9 0276) Example 6 0273) Range % Typical % Glycerin 20-70 50 Polyvinyl pyrrolidone 15-50 17 Range % Typical % Polyvinyl alcohol 10-30 7 Beta-cyclodextrin 1-10 3 Glycerin 20-70 50 aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 Polyvinyl alcohol 10-50 17 gelatin 1-20 4 Gelatin 1-20 4 water 1-20 12 aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 natural peppermint oil 1-5 1. acrylic emulsion adhesive 2-30 14 eucalyptus oil 1-5 2 water 1-20 8 cypress 1-5 2 bergamot 1-5 1. cinnamon 1-5 1. lavender 1-5 1. Q-15 0.01-0.5 O.O3 clary sage 1-5 2 sweet marjoram 1-5 2 Q-15 0.01-0.5 O.O3 Example 10 0277 Example 7 0274) Range % Typical % Glycerin 20-70 50 Range % Typical % algin 15-50 17 gum acacia 5-30 5 Glycerin 20-70 50 polyacrylic acid 1-10 5 Polyvinyl alcohol 10-40 1O aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 Gamma Cyclodextrin 1-10 5 acrylic emulsion adhesive 2-30 4 Polyacrylamide 5-30 12 water with 2% multivalent salt 1-20 12 aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 angelica root 1-5 1. acrylic emulsion adhesive 2-30 14 bergamot 1-5 1. water 1-20 2 chamomile 1-5 2 natural peppermint oil 1-5 1. geranium 1-5 2 eucalyptus oil 1-5 1. Q-15 0.01-0.5 O.O3 Spanish rosemary 1-5 2 thyme 1-5 2 Q-15 0.01-0.5 O.O3 Example 11 0278) Example 8 0275 Range % Typical % Glycerin 20-70 50 Range % Typical % Propylene glycol 1O-30 4 polyacrylamide 15-50 16 Glycerin 20-70 50 polyvinyl alcohol 15-40 13 Polyvinyl alcohol 10-40 1O aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 Apr. 15, 2004 23

-continued -continued Range % Typical % Range % Typical % acrylic emulsion 2-30 cedarwood 1-5 2 adhesive Q-15 0.01-0.5 O.O3 water 1-20 hyssop 1-5 lavender 1-5 Q-15 0.01-0.5 Example 15 0282) Example 12 0279) Range % Typical % Glycerin 20-70 50 Karaya 15-50 17 Range % Typical % Polyvinyl alcohol 5-40 1O aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 Glycerin 20-70 50 acrylic emulsion 2-30 14 polyacrylamide 15-50 17 adhesive malto dextrin 5-25 1O water 1-20 2 aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 camphor 1-6 3 gelatin 1-20 4 menthol 1-6 3 water 1-20 12 Q-15 0.01-0.5 O.O3 natural peppermint 1-5 1. oil eucalyptus oil 1-5 myrrh 1-5 Example 16 pine needle 1-5 Q-15 0.01-0.5 0283)

Example 13 Range % Typical % 0280 Glycerin 20-70 50 polyacrylamide 15-50 17 malto dextrin 5-25 1O aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 Range % Typical % gelatin 1-20 4 water 1-20 12 Glycerin 20-70 50 camphor 1-5 1. polyacrylamide 15-50 17 menthol 1-5 1. malto dextrin 5-25 1O myrrh 1-5 2 aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 pine needle 1-5 2 gelatin 1-20 4 Q-15 0.01-0.5 O.O3 water 1-20 12 patchouli oil 1-5 eucalyptus oil 1-5 myrrh 1-5 0284 All publications, patents, and patent documents pine needle 1-5 cited herein are incorporated by reference herein, as though Q-15 0.01-0.5 individually incorporated by reference. The invention has been described with reference to various Specific and pre ferred embodiments and techniques. However, it should be understood that many variations and modifications may be Example 14 made while remaining within the Spirit and Scope of the 0281 invention. 1. A method for preventing a respiratory infection in a mammal at risk thereof, the method comprises contacting a Range % Typical % live respiratory pathogen at risk of entering the respiratory Glycerin 20-70 40 tract of the mammal with a therapeutically effective amount Propylene glycol 10-30 5 of an essential oil, Such that the live respiratory pathogen is Karaya 15-50 27 inactivated upon contact with the essential oil, wherein the aloe vera 0.1-10 0.97 gelatin 1-20 5 Source of the essential oil is a patch located in the vicinity polyacrylic acid 1-10 3 of the nasal passageway of the mammal. water 1-20 13 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the patch comprises: rosewood 1-5 lavender 1-5 a flexible backing having a front Side and a back Side and helichrysum 1-5 a formulation positioned on at least a portion of the front Side of the backing, in at least a portion of the US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004 24

front Side of the backing, or on and in at least a portion preSSure Sensitive adhesive, a polyacrylate, a polyisobuty of the front side of the backing; lene, a polybutene, a rubber, a Silicone based preSSure Sensitive adhesive, a polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene wherein the formulation comprises the essential oil. block polymer, a polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the respiratory infection block polymer, a polystyrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-poly is an upper respiratory infection. Styrene block polymer, or any combination thereof. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the respiratory infection 22. The method of claim 20 wherein the adhesive is an is an acute respiratory infection. acrylic ester copolymer. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the respiratory infection 23. The method of claim 22 wherein the acrylic ester is a chronic respiratory infection. copolymer is present in about 0.5 wt.% to about 18.0 wt.% 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the respiratory infection of the formulation. is caused by a respiratory virus. 24. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the respiratory infection further comprises a Solvent. is Selected from the group of Severe acute respiratory Syn 25. The method of claim 24 wherein the solvent com drome (SARS), influenza, mumps, croup, sinusitis, bronchi prises water, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerin; tis, angina, laryngitis, tracheitis, rhinitis, rhinopharyngitis, propylene glycol, triacetin; 1,3-propane diol, 2-methyl-1,3- bronchiolitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pneumonia, propane diol, glycerol ricinoleate; PEG-6 caprylic/capric Staphylococcal pneumonia, whooping cough, the common glycerides, caprylic/capric triglycerides, propyleneglycol cold, type A influenza, type B influenza, type C influenza, tuberculosis (TB), legionellosis, echinococcosis, pulmonary dicaprylate/dicaprate; glycerol monoStearate; glycerol pleuropneumonia, tonsillitis, asthma, allergies, and combi monocaprylate, glycerol monolaurate, neopentyl alcohol, nations thereof. 1-hexadecanol, hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin; Vitamin 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the respiratory infection E.; vitamin E acetate, deoxycholic acid; taurodeoxycholic is caused by a pathogen Selected from the group of respi acid; 3-(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio-1-pro ratory Syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, para-influenza pane-Sulfonate; BigCHAP; cholic acid; cholesterol NF; pro Virus, coronavirus, adenovirus, coxsackievirus, myxovirus, pylene carbonate; lecithin; a pharmaceutically acceptable Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Salt thereof, or a combination thereof. Haemophi-lus, aspergillus, blastomyces dermatidis, candidi 26. The method of claim 24 wherein the solvent com asis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, prises a (C-C) acyclic hydrocarbon, a (C-C) cyclic contact allergens, and combinations thereof. hydrocarbon, a (C-C) aryl hydrocarbon, a (C-C) het 9. The method of claim 2 wherein the backing of the patch eroaryl hydrocarbon, or a (C-C) heterocyclic hydrocar is porous. bon; 10. The method of claim 2 wherein the backing of the wherein any of the hydrocarbons can optionally include patch is non-porous. one or more carbon-carbon double bonds and any of the 11. The method of claim 2 wherein the backing of the hydrocarbons can optionally include one or more car patch is vapor permeable. bon-carbon triple bonds; 12. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation is positioned on the entire front Side of the backing of the wherein any of the hydrocarbons can optionally include patch. one or more oxy (-O-), carbonyl (-C(=O)C ), 13. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation is carboxylato (-CO=O)O-), dioxy (-O-O-), positioned on a portion of front Side of the backing of the dithio (-S-S-), imino (-NH-), methylene dioxy patch. (-OCHO-), sulfinyl (-SO-), sulfonyl (-SO), 14. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation is or thio (-S-); partially embedded in the front side of the backing of the wherein any of the hydrocarbons can optionally be Sub patch. Stituted with one or more amino, hydroxyl, cyano, 15. The method of claim 2 wherein the backing of the nitro, (C-C)alkoxy, halo, trifluoro, trifluoro (C- patch comprises a non-woven fabric. C.)alkyl, NR'R'', or COOR'; wherein R and R are 16. The method of claim 2 wherein the backing of the each independently hydrogen, a (C-C) acyclic patch comprises polycellulose fibers, polyester fibers, poly hydrocarbon or a (C-C) cyclic hydrocarbon. urethane fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyamide fibers, cotton 27. The method of claim 24 wherein the solvent is present fibers, copolyester fibers, films, or any mixture thereof. in about 3.0 wt % to about 25.0 wt.% of the formulation. 17. The method of claim 2 wherein the backing of the 28. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation patch comprises open cell foam. further comprises a polymer. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the open cell foam 29. The method of claim 28 wherein the polymer is comprises polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, karaya, a polyacrlyamide, Xanthan gum, guar gum, a natural or any combination thereof. polymer, a Synthetic polymer, a hydrophilic polymer, a 19. The method of claim 2 wherein upon contact with hydrocolloidal polymer, Starch, a Starch derivative, vinyl skin, the backing of the patch retains the formulation and the acetate copolymer, polyvinyl pyrrollidone, polyethylene patch allows moisture from the skin to pass through the oxide, algin, derivatives of algin, a polyacrylate, polymaleic patch. acid, polymaleic anhydride, a polyurethane, a polyurea, gum 20. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation acacia, locust bean gum, modified guar gum, maltodextrin, further comprises an adhesive. carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxypropyl cellulose, polyvi 21. The method of claim 20 wherein the adhesive is an nyl alcohol, poly AMPS, or any combination thereof. acrylic ester copolymer, a water-based adhesive, a hot melt 30. The method of claim 28 wherein the polymer is adhesive, a pressure Sensitive adhesive, a Solvent based karaya. US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004

31. The method of claim 30 wherein the karaya is present alpine breeze fragrance, chamomile fragrance, clover fra in about 13 wt.% to about 52 wt.% of the formulation. grance, gardenia fragrance, or any combination thereof. 32. The method of claim 20 wherein the adhesive is 41. The method of claim 2 wherein the essential oil positioned on the entire front Side of the backing of the comprises ajowan, Sweet almond oil, allspice, aloe Vera oil, patch. ammi Visnaga (khella), amyris, angelica root, angelica Seed, 33. The method of claim 20 wherein the adhesive is anise, anise Seed, Star anise, apricot kernel oil, absolute positioned on a portion of front Side of the backing of the arnica, avocado oil, unrefined avocado oil, Copaiba balsam, patch. balsam Peru genuine, balsam Peru oil, balsam peru liquid 34. The method of claim 20 wherein the adhesive is resin, balsam tolu, Sweet french basil, basil, basil ct. methyl partially embedded in at least a portion of the backing of the chavicol, lemon ct. citral basil, Sweet ct. linalool basil, bay patch. laurel, bay leaf, bay rum, bay leaf West Indies, bees wax, 35. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation is unrefined bees wax, benzoin absolute, benzoin resinoid, positioned on the entire front Side of the backing of the bergamot, mint bergamot, Italian bergamot oil, free ber patch. gaptene bergamot, birch, Sweet birch, borage oil, boronia, 36. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation is butter, buchu leaf, cajeput, calamus, calendula oil, infused positioned on a portion of front Side of the backing of the calendula oil, camellia oil, cannabis, caraway, caraway Seed, patch. cardamom, absolute carnation, carrot Seed, high carotol 37. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation is carrot seed, carrot seed oil, cassia, cassis bud (black currant), partially embedded in at least a portion of the backing of the castor oil, catnip, oil of catnip, cedarleaf, Western red patch. cedarleaf, cedarwood, Atlas cedarwood, Himalayan cedar 38. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation Wood, Virginia cedarwood, celery Seed, chamomile, blue further comprises a fragrance. chamomile, German chamomile, Moroccan chamomile, 39. The method of claim 38 wherein the fragrance is a Moroccan wild chamomile, Roman chamomile, champaca, floral Scent, a fruit Scent, a plant leaf Scent, or any combi cilantro, true cinnamon bark, cinnamon bark, cinnamon leaf, nation thereof. cinnamon cassia, cistus, citronella, Java citronella, ciste oil, 40. The method of claim 38 wherein the fragrance com artificial civet, clary Sage, high Sclareol clary Sage, clemen prises grape fragrance, musk fragrance, light Vanilla fra tine, Italian clementine peel oil, clove, clove bud, clove leaf, grance, Jergens lotion fragrance, Vaseline Intensive Care cocoa, cocoa butter, unrefined cocoa butter, coconut oil, fragrance, Nivea Lotion fragrance, Ivory Soap fragrance, refined coconut oil, cognac, combava petitgrain, coriander, amaretto fragrance, blueberry fragrance, coffee fragrance, green coriander, cornmint, costus oil, cumin, cypress, egg nog fragrance, peanut butter fragrance, rum cake fra davana oil, dill, dill weed, elemi, erigeron (fleabane), euca grance, honey almond fragrance, ginger bread house fra lyptus citriodora, eucalyptus globulus, lemon eucalyptus, grance, coffee cake & Spice fragrance, raspberry rose fra fennel, Sweet fennel, fenugreek, fir, Canada fir needle, grance, Sassafras fragrance, Strawberry fragrance, grapefruit Siberia fir needle, white fir needle, frankincense, India pink fragrance, home Sweet fragrance, jeweled citrus fra frankincense, Oman frankincense, galbanum oil, garlic, grance, lemon, mango fragrance, mulberry fragrance, genet, geranium, geranium leaf, geranium rose, Bourbon orange flower fragrance, passion fruit fragrance, pikaki geranium, Egyptian geranium, ginger, Cochin extra ginger, fragrance, freesia fragrance, china rain fragrance, coconut ginsing, Siberian ginsing, Korean ginsing, grapefruit, pink fragrance, apple fragrance, baked bread fragrance, cornuco grapefruit, white grapefruit, grapeseed oil, hazelnut oil, pia fragrance, lemon chiffon fragrance, peppermint twist helichrysum, helichrysum immortelle, Mad. helichrysum, fragrance, white cake fragrance, cherry pie fragrance, Sugar Balkan helichrysum, Corsica helichrysum, France heli plum fragrance, plum fragrance, romantic fragrance, Sea chrysum, hemp oil, absolute honeySuckle, hySSop, hySSop fresh fragrance, tea fragrance, green floral fragrance, hon decumbens, absolute immortelle, fragrant aster inula, Jamai eydew fragrance, kiwi fragrance, lilac fragrance, may bou can gold, unrefined Jamaican gold, jasmine, absolute jas quet fragrance, neutralizer fragrance, patchouli fragrance, mine, grandiflorum jasmine, Sambac jasmine, jojoba oil, peach fragrance, pine apple bloSSom fragrance, chocolate helio-carrot in jojoba, melissa in jojoba, absolute jonquille, mint fragrance, frankincense fragrance, baked apple pie juniper berry, Siberia juniper berry, Croatia juniper berry, fragrance, cappuccino fragrance, cran-apple fragrance, lanolin, unrefined anhydrous lanolin, lantana camara, laurel maple Syrup fragrance, buttered popcorn fragrance, Sugar nobilis, lavandin, abrialis lavandin, grOSSo lavandin, laven cookie fragrance, cotton candy fragrance, cranberry cobbler der, Oregonlavender, Bulgarian lavender, Russian lavender, fragrance, plumeria fragrance, rum fragrance, Spring fever high-altitude lavendar, wild-crafted lavender, lavendin, fragrance, Watermelon fragrance, guava fragrance, honey organic lavindin, lemon, lemongrass, lime, distilled lime, Suckle fragrance, hyacinth fragrance, macadamia nut fra expressed lime, litSea, litSea cubeba, blue, pink and white grance, melon fragrance, OakmoSS fragrance, papaya fra lotus, macadamia oil, mace, green mandarin, red mandarin, grance, pear pineapple fragrance, blueberry fragrance, yellow mandarin, manuka, absolute marigold, marigold citrus-ginseng fragrance, garden dreams fragrance, banana flower, marjoram, Spanish marjoram, Sweet marjoram creme pie fragrance, chocolate mint fragrance, cranberry (true), massoia bark, melissa, codistilled melissa, “rectified’ fragrance, macadamia nut fragrance, pumpkin pie fragrance, melissa, true melissa, absolute mimosa, mimosa, monarda, chocolate German cake fragrance, banana nut bread fra mugwort, musk Seed, myrrh, myrtle, absolute narcissus, grance, Sweet potato pie fragrance, raspberry fragrance, neroli (orange blossom), niaouli, nutmeg, extra nutmeg, Sandalwood fragrance, Spring flowers fragrance, ylang fra OakmoSS, absolute oak moSS, olibanum, absolute opopanax, grance, heather fragrance, jasmine fragrance, lavender fra bitter orange, blood orange, Sweet orange, wild West Indian grance, magnolia fragrance, mountain air fragrance, orange orange, Oregano, orris root, concrete orris, OSmanthus, palm essence fragrance, paradise fragrance, peony fragrance, oil, refined palm oil, palmarosa, paprika, parsley Seed, US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004 26

patchouli, India patchouli oil, Indonesia patchouli oil, pea alpha terpineol: Ravensara aromatica (Ravensara), Euca nut, peanut oil, pecan oil, pennyroyal, pepper, black pepper, lyptus radiata (black or narrow-leaf peppermint eucalyptus); Super black pepper, peppermint, India peppermint, USA Cinnamaldehyde: Cinnamomum verum or zeylandicum baby mint peppermint, pet perfume, petitgrain (orange (bark) (Ceylon cinnamon (bark)), Cinnamomum cassia leaves), white pine, pine needle, evening primrose, raven (bark) (Chinese cinnamon (bark), Cinnamomum loureirii Sara anisata, true ravensara, ravensare, ravintsara, redberry, (bark) (Vietnamese cinnamon bark); Cuminal: Cuminum rosalina, rose, rose geranium, rose otto, Bulgarian rose, cyminum (Cumin), Eucalyptus polybractea CT cryptone English rose, Turkish rose, rosehip Seed oil, rosemary, (Blue mallee eucalyptus cryptone type); Phellandral: euca rosemary anti-oxidant extract powder, rosemary verbenone, lyptus polybractea CT cryptone (Blue Mallee eucalyptus Morocco rosemary, Spain rosemary, rosewood, rosewood cryptone type); or a combination thereof oil, rue, Sage, white Sage, Sage dalmatian, Sage officinalis, 44. The method of claim 2 wherein at least a portion of the Sage triloba, Sandalwood, Seabuckthornberry, Sesame oil, backing of the patch is treated with a sizing agent Such that Sesame Seed oil, Shea butter, unrefined Shea butter, Spike the portion of the backing that is treated with the sizing agent nard, green Spikenard, Spruce, St. John's wort, Styrax resin, has a surface energy of about 20 dynes/cm to about 65 tagetes, tangerine, Dancy tangerine, tarragon, tea tree, AuS dynes/cm. tralia tea tree, thuja (cedar leaf), thyme, red thyme, thyme ct. 45. The method of claim 44 wherein the sizing agent is a linalool, thyme Vulgaris, wild thyme, red thyme, mixed fluorocarbon Solution, a Silicone-containing compound, or a tocopherols, tolu balsam resin, absolute tuberose, tuberose, combination thereof. tumeric, Valerian, Vanilla, pure Vanilla extract, Vanilla bean, 46. The method of claim 45 wherein the fluorocarbon absolute Vanilla bourbon, vegetable glycerin, absolute ver solution is Vilmed M1585 W/HYTM, Vilmed M1585H/ bena, Vetiver, Violete leaves, Vitex, organic Haiti Vetiver, HYTM, Vilmed M1586 WHYTM, Vilmed M1586 H/HYTM, absolute violet leaf, Walnut oil, wintergreen, natural winter Vilmed M1570TM, Vilmed M1573FTM, Vilmed M1573 green, Wormwood, yarrow, ylangylang, ylangylang I, ylang FHTM, Vilmed M1577 FTM, Vilmed M1578 FTM, Vilmed ylang II, ylangylang III, ylangylang compound, ylangylang M1578 FHTM, or a combination thereof. complete, ylang ylang extra, methyl Salicylate, menthol, 47. The method of claim 45 wherein the silicone-contain camphor, eucalyptus oil, Spearmint oil, or a combination ing compound is a polydimethyl Siloxane, a dialkylsiloxane, thereof. a dimethylsiloxo Vinyl alkene, a dialkylsiloxo Vinyl alkene, 42. The method of claim 2 wherein the essential oil a dimethylsiloxo acrylate, a dialkylsiloxo acrylate, a vinyl comprises basil (Ocimum basilicum), cardamom (elettaria terminated polydimethylsiloxane, a vinyl terminated poly cardamomum), Roman chamomile (anthemis nobilis), euca dialkylsiloxane, or a combination thereof. lyptus (eucalyptus radiate), geranium (pelargOnium X aspe rum), MQV (melaleuca quinquenervia viridiflora), neroli 48. The method of claim 44 wherein the entire front side (citrus aurantium), petitgrain (citrus aurantium), rosemary of the backing of the patch is treated with the Sizing agent. (rosemarinus Oficinalis camphor), rosemary (rosemarinus 49. The method of claim 44 wherein the sizing agent officinalis verbenone), or a combination thereof. penetrates at least a portion of the underlying Surface of the 43. The method of claim 2 wherein the essential oil front Side of the backing of the patch. comprises Satureja montana, carvacrol, thymol eugenol, 50. The method of claim 44 wherein the sizing agent australol, gaiacol, cinnamic aldehyde, geraniol, linalool, penetrates the entire underlying Surface of the front Side of thujanol, myrcenol, terpineol, menthol and piperitol, gera the backing of the patch. nial (citrals), citronellal, cuminal, Verbenone, thujone, 51. The method of claim 44 wherein the entire backing of borneone (camphor), pinocamphone, cryptone, fenchone, the patch is treated with the sizing agent. menthone, piperitone and carvone, estragole, anethole, Phta 52. The method of claim 1 wherein the patch further lids (Such as celery seed), cineole, monoterpenol, an essen comprises a skin protectant. tial oil derived from trees of the Myrteceae family; linalool 53. The method of claim 52 wherein the skin protectant is oxide, linalool (Hissopus of var. decumbens), thymol: Tra aloe, lanolin, glycerin, calamine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E chyspermum ammi (Ajowan), thymus CT thymol; caravcrol: acetate, Vitamin C, allantoin, aluminum hydroxide gel, Origanum compactum (Oregano) Origanum heracleoticum bismuth Subnitrate, boric acid, calamine, cocoa butter, dime (Greek Oregano) Corydothymus capitatus (Spanish thicone, glycerin, kaolin, live yeast cell derivative, petrola Oregano) Satureja montana (winter or mountain Savory), tum, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Shark liver oil, Sodium bicar thymus CT carvacrol, Thymus serpyllum (wild thyme or bonate, Sulfur, tannic acid, topical Starch, trolamine, white mother-of-thyme); Eugenol: Eugenia caryophyllus (Clove petrolatum, Zinc acetate, Zinc carbonate Zinc oxide, Zinc tree) Cinnamomum verum-leaf (Ceylon Cinnamon), Oci Sulfate, Shea butter, or any combination thereof. mum gratissimum CT eugenol (hot or shrubby basil); gai 54. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation acol: guaiacum Oficinalis (Gaiac wood); linalool: Aniba further comprises a polyhydric alcohol. rosaeodora (rosewood), coriandrum Sativum (Coriander), thymus CT linalool, Lavandula reydovan; Geraniol: Cym 55. The method of claim 54 wherein the polyhydric bopogon martini (Palmarosa), thymus CT geraniol; thu alcohol is erythritol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, janol: Thymus CT thujanol, Origanum majorana (Sweet triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, Sorbitol, or any marjoram or oregano); Borneol: Thyumus Satureioides combination thereof. (Thym borneol-carvacrol type), Inula graveolens (Sweet 56. The method of claim 54 wherein the polyhydric inula); menthol: Mentha X piperita (peppermint), Mentha alcohol is propylene glycol. arvensis (field mint or cornmint); Citronnellol: Pelargonium 57. The method of claim 54 wherein the polyhydric asperum (geranium); terpinenelol4: Melaleuca alternifolia alcohol is present in about 0.5 wt.% to about 25.0 wt.% of (tea tree), Origanum majorana (Sweet marjoram or oregano); the formulation. US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004 27

58. The method of claim 54 wherein the polyhydric canadenis), ginger (Zingiber officinale), Ginko biloba, St. alcohol is present in about 0.5 wt.% to about 5.0 wt.% of the John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), and combinations formulation. thereof. 59. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation 64. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation further comprises an antiviral agent Selected from the group further comprises water. of Zinc, lysine, foScarnet, 3-deoxythmidin-2-ene, dideoxy 60. The method of claim 59 wherein the water is present cytosine, dideoxyinosine, lamivudine, azidothymidine, indi in about 5.0 wt.% to about 15.0 wt.% of the formulation. navir, ritonavir, Saquinavir, acyclovir, idoxuridine, ribavirin, 61. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation Vidarabine, amantidine, rinantidine, Viracea2, cytovene, further comprises an antibiotic agent. famciclovir, Valaciclovir, penciclovir, hexadecyloSypropyl 62. The method of claim 61 wherein the antibiotic agent cidofovir (HDP-CDV), nonoxynol-9, docosanol is cilastatin, clavulanic acid, folinic acid, probenecid, pyri (n-docosanol, 1-docosanol, or behenyl alcohol; which is a doxine, Sulbactam, dapsone, ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazi Saturated 22-carbon Straight-chain alcohol), a pharmaceuti namide, rifampin, Streptomycin, capreomycin, ethionamide, cally acceptable Salt thereof, and combinations thereof. para aminosalicylic acid, cycloSerine, ciprofloxacin, nalid 65. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation further comprises an antiviral agent Selected from the group ixic acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, imipenam, meropenem, of a hypochloride, a hypochloride generating compound, a cilistatin, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cephalexin, cephalothin, peroxide, a peroxide generating compound, an organic cefaclor, cefamandole, cefonicid, cefoxitin, cefuroxine, halide, an organic halide generating compound, or a com cefoperaZone, cefotaXime, ceftazidime, ceftazidime, cefti bination thereof. ZOXime, ceftriaxone, moxalactam, cefepine, bacitracin, van 66. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation comycin, aztreonam, amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, benza further comprises an antimicrobial agent. thine, penicilling, penicillin V, amplicillin, carbenicillin 67. The method of claim 66 wherein the antimicrobial indamyl, carbenicillin, meZlocillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, agent is quat-15, a paraben, dichlorobenzyl alcohol, ethylene cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, floxacillin, methicillin, nafcillin, diamine tetreacetic acid, formaldehyde, gum benzoin, imi oxacillin, colistmethate, polymixin b, trimethoprim, co-tri dazolidinyl urea, phenyl-mercuric acetate, poly aminopropyl moxazole, mafenide, Sulfadiazine, Sodium Sulfacetamide, biguanide, proply gallate, Sorbic acid, creSol, chloroaceta Sulfacytine, Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethoxazole , Sulfapyridine, mide Sodium benzoate, chloromethyl-methylisothiazoli SulfaSalazine, Sulfisoxazole, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, none, chloromethyl-methylisothiazolon, chloromethyl-me Spectinomycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythrmoycin, thylisothiazolinone benzalkonium chloride, erythromycineStolate, Spiramycin, chlortetracycline, deme octylisothiazolinone benzimidazol-compound, chlorom clocycline, doxycycline, minocycline, Oxytetracycline, ami ethyl-methylisothiazolinone octylisothiazolinone, o-phe kacin, kanamycin, neomycin, Streptomycin, tobramycin, nylphenol benzisothiazolinone, o-phenylphenol ben nitrofurantoin, griseofulvin, potassium iodide, fluconazole, Zisothiazolinone, benzisothiazolinone, an aliphatic amine of itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, 2-thiopyridineoxide, benzoic acid, editic acid, phenolic acid, amphotericin b, nyStatin, niclosamide, nifurtimox, pipera benzyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, benzenethonium chloride, Zine, praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate, thiabendazole, amodi bronopol, cetrimide, chlorohexidine, chlorobutanol, chloro aquine, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, mefloquine, pri creSol, phenol, phenoxyethanol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, phe maquine, pyrimethamine, quinidine gluconate, fansidar, nylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric borate, phenylmercuric diloxanide furoate, melarSoprol, nifurtimox, paromomycin, nitrate, potassium Sorbate, proplyene glycol, Sodium ben pentamidine, Sodium Stibogluconate, Suramin, metronida Zoate, Sodium propionate, thimeroSol, a pharmaceutically Zole, foScarnet, 3-deoxythmidin-2-ene, dideoxycytosine, acceptable Salt thereof, or any combination thereof. dideoxyinosine, lamivudine, azidothymidine, indinavir, 68. The method of claim 66 wherein the antimicrobial ritonavir, Saquinavir, acyclovir, idoxuridine, ribavirin, agent is quat-15. Vidarabine, amantidine, rinantidine, foScarnet, 3-deoxythmi 69. The method of claim 68 wherein the quat-15 is present din-2-ene, dideoxycytosine, dideoxyinosine, lamivudine, in about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.1 wt.% of the formulation. azidothymidine, indinavir, ritonavir, Saquinavir, acyclovir, 70. The method of claim 2 wherein the patch is individu idoxuridine, ribavirin, Vidarabine, amantidine, rinantidine, a ally wrapped. pharmaceutically acceptable Salt thereof, or any combina 71. The method of claim 2 wherein the patch further tion thereof. comprises a release liner that is mounted to the front Side of 63. The method of claim 2 wherein the formulation the backing. further comprises an antiviral agent Selected from the group 72. The method of claim 2 wherein the patch is sterile. of Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia, E. pallida, E. pur 73. The method of claim 72 wherein the patch is sterilized purea), Elderberry (Sambucus nigra), Garlic (Allium Sati by irradiation. vum), Lemon balm (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Astragalus 74. The method of claim 72 wherein the patch is sterilized (AStragalus membranaceus), eyebright (Euphrasia Officina by terminal irradiation. lis), Sage (Salvia Officinalis), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), 75. The method of claim 1 wherein the patch further nettles (Urtica dioica), peppermint (menthe piperiya), ephe comprises packaging material. dra (Ephedra Sinica), marshmallow root (Althea oficinalis), 76. The method of claim 1 wherein the patch releases the mullein leaves or flowers (Verbascum spp.), plantain leaf therapeutically effective amount of the essential oil over a (Plantago lanceolata, P. major), licorice root, thyme (Thy period of time of up to about 12 hours. mus vulgaris), boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum), feverfew 77. The method of claim 1 wherein the patch releases the (Tanacetum parthenium), catnip (Nepeta cataria), yarrow therapeutically effective amount of the essential oil over a (Achillea millefolium), elder flower (Sambucus nigra, S. period of time of up to about 8 hours. US 2004/0071757 A1 Apr. 15, 2004 28

78. The method of claim 1 wherein the Source of the therapeutically effective amount of an essential oil, Such that essential oil is located within about 6 inches of the mammal. the live respiratory pathogen is inactivated upon contact 79. The method of claim 1 wherein the Source of the with the essential oil, wherein the Source of the essential oil essential oil is located within about 6 inches of nasal is a patch located in the vicinity of the nasal passageway of passageway of the mammal. the mammal. 80. A method for preventing a respiratory viral infection 84. The method of claim 1, wherein the minimal inhibi in a mammal at risk thereof, the method comprises contact tory dose (MID) of the essential oil, as a measure of the ing a live respiratory virus with a prophylactically effective Vapor activity, is up to about 2.0 mg/L in air. amount of an essential oil Such that the live respiratory virus 85. The method of claim 1, wherein the minimal inhibi is inactivated upon contact with the essential oil, wherein the tory dose (MID) of the essential oil, as a measure of the Source of the essential oil is a patch located in the vicinity Vapor activity, is about 0.1 mg/L to about 2.0 mg/L in air. of the nasal passageway of the mammal. 81. A method for preventing the transmission of a respi 86. A kit comprising: ratory infection between mammals, the method comprises (a) patch that comprises a flexible backing having a front contacting a live respiratory pathogen exiting the respiratory Side and a back Side and a formulation positioned on at tract of a first mammal with a therapeutically effective least a portion of the front Side of the backing, in at least amount of an essential oil Such that the live respiratory a portion of the front Side of the backing, or on and in pathogen is inactivated upon contact with the essential oil, at least a portion of the front Side of the backing, wherein the Source of the essential oil is a patch located in wherein the formulation comprises a prophylactically the vicinity of the nasal passageway of the first mammal. effective respiratory pathogen inhibiting amount of an 82. A method for inhibiting a respiratory pathogen, the essential oil; method comprises contacting a live respiratory pathogen with a therapeutically effective amount of an essential oil, (b) a mask for placing over the nasal passageway of a Such that the live respiratory pathogen is inactivated upon mammal, and contact with the essential oil, wherein the Source of the essential oil is a patch located in the vicinity of the respi (c) packaging material. ratory pathogen. 87. The kit of claim 86 further comprising instructions for 83. A method for treating a respiratory infection in a using the patch and mask. mammal infected thereof or at risk thereof, the method comprises contacting a live respiratory pathogen with a