Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll

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Jabberwocky 2. Literary aspects 3. Cognitive aspects

Discussion Themes

In the context of Carroll’s poem, “Jabberwocky”: 1. Linguistic aspects

Jabberwocky 3. Cognitive aspects

Discussion Themes

In the context of Carroll’s poem, “Jabberwocky”: 1. Linguistic aspects 2. Literary aspects

Jabberwocky Discussion Themes

In the context of Carroll’s poem, “Jabberwocky”: 1. Linguistic aspects 2. Literary aspects 3. Cognitive aspects

Jabberwocky Jabberwocky

Figure: Illustrated by John Tenniel

Jabberwocky 2. Warning 3. Hero goes on a quest 4. Arrival of the foe 5. Battle and victory 6. Hero’s welcome

Plot of Jabberwocky

1. Frame exposition

Jabberwocky 3. Hero goes on a quest 4. Arrival of the foe 5. Battle and victory 6. Hero’s welcome

Plot of Jabberwocky

1. Frame exposition 2. Warning

Jabberwocky 4. Arrival of the foe 5. Battle and victory 6. Hero’s welcome

Plot of Jabberwocky

1. Frame exposition 2. Warning 3. Hero goes on a quest

Jabberwocky 5. Battle and victory 6. Hero’s welcome

Plot of Jabberwocky

1. Frame exposition 2. Warning 3. Hero goes on a quest 4. Arrival of the foe

Jabberwocky 6. Hero’s welcome

Plot of Jabberwocky

1. Frame exposition 2. Warning 3. Hero goes on a quest 4. Arrival of the foe 5. Battle and victory

Jabberwocky Plot of Jabberwocky

1. Frame exposition 2. Warning 3. Hero goes on a quest 4. Arrival of the foe 5. Battle and victory 6. Hero’s welcome

Jabberwocky Lewis Carroll

Figure: 1832 to 1898

Jabberwocky I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass

I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s.

I Wrote many books on math and logic

I Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young children

I Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games, riddles, inventing funny poems and stories)

I Taught children logic [game theory, set theory] and how language is used and constructed through stories and nonsense poems

Short Background on Lewis Carroll

Jabberwocky Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass

I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s.

I Wrote many books on math and logic

I Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young children

I Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games, riddles, inventing funny poems and stories)

I Taught children logic [game theory, set theory] and how language is used and constructed through stories and nonsense poems

Short Background on Lewis Carroll

I Real name:

Jabberwocky I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass

I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s.

I Wrote many books on math and logic

I Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young children

I Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games, riddles, inventing funny poems and stories)

I Taught children logic [game theory, set theory] and how language is used and constructed through stories and nonsense poems

Short Background on Lewis Carroll

I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

Jabberwocky I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s.

I Wrote many books on math and logic

I Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young children

I Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games, riddles, inventing funny poems and stories)

I Taught children logic [game theory, set theory] and how language is used and constructed through stories and nonsense poems

Short Background on Lewis Carroll

I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass

Jabberwocky Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s.

I Wrote many books on math and logic

I Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young children

I Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games, riddles, inventing funny poems and stories)

I Taught children logic [game theory, set theory] and how language is used and constructed through stories and nonsense poems

Short Background on Lewis Carroll

I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass

I Profession:

Jabberwocky I Wrote many books on math and logic

I Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young children

I Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games, riddles, inventing funny poems and stories)

I Taught children logic [game theory, set theory] and how language is used and constructed through stories and nonsense poems

Short Background on Lewis Carroll

I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass

I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s.

Jabberwocky I Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young children

I Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games, riddles, inventing funny poems and stories)

I Taught children logic [game theory, set theory] and how language is used and constructed through stories and nonsense poems

Short Background on Lewis Carroll

I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass

I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s.

I Wrote many books on math and logic

Jabberwocky I Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games, riddles, inventing funny poems and stories)

I Taught children logic [game theory, set theory] and how language is used and constructed through stories and nonsense poems

Short Background on Lewis Carroll

I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass

I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s.

I Wrote many books on math and logic

I Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young children

Jabberwocky I Taught children logic [game theory, set theory] and how language is used and constructed through stories and nonsense poems

Short Background on Lewis Carroll

I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass

I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s.

I Wrote many books on math and logic

I Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young children

I Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games, riddles, inventing funny poems and stories)

Jabberwocky Short Background on Lewis Carroll

I Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

I Lewis Carroll: Writer of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass

I Profession:Actually a math professor at Oxford University in the mid 1800’s.

I Wrote many books on math and logic

I Loved to teach logic to people of all ages, including young children

I Taught complicated ideas in a fun way (playing games, riddles, inventing funny poems and stories)

I Taught children logic [game theory, set theory] and how language is used and constructed through stories and nonsense poems

Jabberwocky I I was very hungry last night ...

I A shopping list having purple bananas would seem nonsensical

I Square root of Tuesday

Sense vs. Nonsense

I One of the ways we make sense of things by matching cause and eﬀect

Jabberwocky I A shopping list having purple bananas would seem nonsensical

I Square root of Tuesday

Sense vs. Nonsense

I One of the ways we make sense of things by matching cause and eﬀect

I I was very hungry last night ...

Jabberwocky I Square root of Tuesday

Sense vs. Nonsense

I One of the ways we make sense of things by matching cause and eﬀect

I I was very hungry last night ...

I A shopping list having purple bananas would seem nonsensical

Jabberwocky Sense vs. Nonsense

I One of the ways we make sense of things by matching cause and eﬀect

I I was very hungry last night ...

I A shopping list having purple bananas would seem nonsensical

I Square root of Tuesday

Jabberwocky I If the poet says: Her hair was gold and her smile melted my heart

I Hair made of metal? Her smile brings about a fatal heart attack?

I Her hair is shiny and yellow; Her smile makes the poet feel emotional and warm

Poetic/Figurative Language

I We also look for meaning, even if it isn’t always so

Jabberwocky I Hair made of metal? Her smile brings about a fatal heart attack?

I Her hair is shiny and yellow; Her smile makes the poet feel emotional and warm

Poetic/Figurative Language

I We also look for meaning, even if it isn’t always so

I If the poet says: Her hair was gold and her smile melted my heart

Jabberwocky I Her hair is shiny and yellow; Her smile makes the poet feel emotional and warm

Poetic/Figurative Language

I We also look for meaning, even if it isn’t always so

I If the poet says: Her hair was gold and her smile melted my heart

I Hair made of metal? Her smile brings about a fatal heart attack?

Jabberwocky Poetic/Figurative Language

I We also look for meaning, even if it isn’t always so

I If the poet says: Her hair was gold and her smile melted my heart

I Hair made of metal? Her smile brings about a fatal heart attack?

I Her hair is shiny and yellow; Her smile makes the poet feel emotional and warm

Jabberwocky 1. Word combinations 2. Using a common word and changing it 3. Riddles

Creating Words

What are the strategies that Carroll uses?

Jabberwocky 2. Using a common word and changing it 3. Riddles

Creating Words

What are the strategies that Carroll uses? 1. Word combinations

Jabberwocky 3. Riddles

Creating Words

What are the strategies that Carroll uses? 1. Word combinations 2. Using a common word and changing it

Jabberwocky Creating Words

What are the strategies that Carroll uses? 1. Word combinations 2. Using a common word and changing it 3. Riddles

Jabberwocky Cognitive Aspects

1. fMRI study (Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000) 2. ERP study (Hahne and Jescheniak 2001)

Jabberwocky 1. Normal vs. Syntactic/Jabberwocky speech (real function words and pseudo content words)? 2. Real content words vs. Pseudo content words Auditory Language Comprehension: An Event-Related fMRI Study on the Processing of Syntactic and Lexical Information

Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000

Are diﬀerent regions of the brain activated during auditory comprehension of:

Jabberwocky 2. Real content words vs. Pseudo content words Auditory Language Comprehension: An Event-Related fMRI Study on the Processing of Syntactic and Lexical Information

Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000

Are diﬀerent regions of the brain activated during auditory comprehension of: 1. Normal vs. Syntactic/Jabberwocky speech (real function words and pseudo content words)?

Jabberwocky Auditory Language Comprehension: An Event-Related fMRI Study on the Processing of Syntactic and Lexical Information

Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000

Jabberwocky Friederici, Meyer, and Cramon 2000

Are diﬀerent regions of the brain activated during auditory comprehension of: 1. Normal vs. Syntactic/Jabberwocky speech (real function words and pseudo content words)? 2. Real content words vs. Pseudo content words Auditory Language Comprehension: An Event-Related fMRI Study on the Processing of Syntactic and Lexical Information

Jabberwocky I Cerebral blood ﬂow and neuronal activation are coupled

I Primary form of fMRI uses the Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast (Seiji Ogawa)

Functional Magnetic Eesonance Imaging (fMRI)

I Measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood ﬂow

Jabberwocky I Primary form of fMRI uses the Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast (Seiji Ogawa)

Functional Magnetic Eesonance Imaging (fMRI)

I Measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood ﬂow

I Cerebral blood ﬂow and neuronal activation are coupled

Jabberwocky Functional Magnetic Eesonance Imaging (fMRI)

I Measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood ﬂow

I Cerebral blood ﬂow and neuronal activation are coupled

I Primary form of fMRI uses the Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast (Seiji Ogawa)

Jabberwocky BOLD fMRI

Figure: Courtesy: Hannah Devlin

Jabberwocky I Increased neuronal activity results in increased Oxygen demand (thus increased blood ﬂow)

I Hemoglobin is diamagnetic when oxygenated; Paramagnetic when deoxygenated

I Leads to small diﬀerences in the MR signal of blood depending on the degree of oxygenation

I Oxygen is delivered to neurons by hemoglobin in capillary red blood cells

Jabberwocky I Hemoglobin is diamagnetic when oxygenated; Paramagnetic when deoxygenated

I Leads to small diﬀerences in the MR signal of blood depending on the degree of oxygenation

I Oxygen is delivered to neurons by hemoglobin in capillary red blood cells

I Increased neuronal activity results in increased Oxygen demand (thus increased blood ﬂow)

Jabberwocky I Leads to small diﬀerences in the MR signal of blood depending on the degree of oxygenation

I Oxygen is delivered to neurons by hemoglobin in capillary red blood cells

I Increased neuronal activity results in increased Oxygen demand (thus increased blood ﬂow)

I Hemoglobin is diamagnetic when oxygenated; Paramagnetic when deoxygenated

Jabberwocky I Oxygen is delivered to neurons by hemoglobin in capillary red blood cells

I Increased neuronal activity results in increased Oxygen demand (thus increased blood ﬂow)

I Hemoglobin is diamagnetic when oxygenated; Paramagnetic when deoxygenated

I Leads to small diﬀerences in the MR signal of blood depending on the degree of oxygenation

Jabberwocky Stimuli

Jabberwocky fMRI Activation Patterns

Figure: Activation in left hemisphere (activation of the deep left frontal operculum in Jabberwocky speech encircled); (A) Normal speech; (B) Jabberwocky speech

Jabberwocky Stimuli-wise Activation in Temporal and Frontal Lobes

Figure: Top and botton left: TemporalJabberwocky lobe; Top and bottom right: Frontal lobe Conclusion

Additional computational resources of left inferior frontal cortex are recruited to process Jabberwocky speech

Jabberwocky