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Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu Familia Nymphalidae Dan Pieridae Di Kawasan Cirengganis Dan Padang Rumput Cikamal Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran

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Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu Familia Nymphalidae Dan Pieridae Di Kawasan Cirengganis Dan Padang Rumput Cikamal Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran Jurnal Agrikultura 2018, 29 (1): 1-8 Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-kupu … ISSN 0853-2885 Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-kupu Familia Nymphalidae dan Pieridae di Kawasan Cirengganis dan Padang Rumput Cikamal Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran Virda Catur Lestari, Tatang S. Erawan, Melanie , Hikmat Kasmara dan Wawan Hermawan* Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Padjadjaran *Alamat korespodensi: [email protected] ABSTRACT The diversity of butterflies’ family of Nymphalidae and Pieridae at Cirengganis area and Cikamal Savannah area of Pananjung Sanctuary of Pangandaran The research reported the diversity o.f butterflies of Nymphalidae and Pieridae Families at Cirengganis area and Cikamal Savannah area which located at Pananjung Sanctuary, Pangandaran. The experiment was conducted using visual encounter survey method. The butterflies were caught using sweeping technique. The butterflies were collected and identified. Abiotic factors such light intensity and temperature were measured during observation. The result showed that 13 species of nymphalidae family were identified whilst only 2 species were identified belongs to the family of Pieridae. Butterfly diversity index at Cirengganis and Cikamal Savannah categorized as moderate with value of 2.285647. Vegetation that interacted with the butterflies were Tectona grandis), Psychotria aurantiaca, and Melastoma malabathricum. Furthermore, light intensity and temperature at Cirengganis were detected at 12473.33 lux and 28.6oC, respectively. While at Cikamal Savannah, the light intensity was measured at 26900 lux and temperature reached 33.6oC. Keywords: Visual encounter survey, Abiotic factor, Vegetation ABSTRAK Penelitian ini melaporkan mengenai keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu Famili Nymphalidae dan Pieridae di kawasan Cirengganis dan Padang Rumput Cikamal Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Visual Encounter Survey (VES). Penangkapan kupu-kupu dilakukan dengan teknik sweeping. Kupu-kupu yang diperoleh dikoleksi dan diidentifikasi. Faktor abiotik seperti intensitas cahaya dan suhu diukur selama pengamatan. Serta diamati pula vegetasi sekitar lokasi pengamatan yang berinteraksi dengan kupu-kupu. Hasil pengamatan diperoleh total kupu-kupu famili Nymphalidae sebanyak 13 spesies dan kupu-kupu famili Pieridae sebanyak 2 spesies. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman kupu-kupu di kawasan Cirengganis dan Padang Rumput Cikamal tergolong kategori sedang yaitu 2,285647. Hasil vegetasi yang diketahui berinteraksi dengan kupu-kupu yaitu jati (Tectona grandis), ki kores (Psychotria aurantiaca), dan harendong (Melastoma malabathricum). Sementara rata-rata intensitas cahaya dan suhu di Cirengganis sebesar 12473,33 lux dan 28,6oC dan di Padang Rumput Cikamal sebesar 26900 lux dan 33,6oC. Kata Kunci: Visual Encounter Survey, Faktor abiotik, Vegetasi 1 Jurnal Agrikultura 2018, 29 (1): 1-8 Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-kupu … ISSN 0853-2885 PENDAHULUAN mengenai keanekaan jenis kupu-kupu di kawasan Taman Wisata Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran, Taman Wisata Cagar Alam Pananjung Jawa Barat. Pangandaran, Jawa Barat merupakan salah satu BAHAN DAN METODE kawasan konservasi di Indonesia yang memiliki potensi keanekaragaman hayati yang cukup tinggi Alat yang digunakan dalam pengamatan ini baik flora, fauna maupun ekosistemnya. Salah satu antara lain yaitu alat tulis, buku panduan identifikasi keanekaragaman hayati yang terdapat di Taman atau field guide, GPS, insect net, jarum pentul, Wisata Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran yaitu kamera, kertas papilot, label, luxmeter, papan keanekaan jenis kupu-kupu. perentang, termometer, worksheet. Bahan -bahan Kupu-kupu merupakan bagian dari yang digunakan dalam pengamatan ini diantaranya keanekaragaman hayati yang harus dijaga yaitu alkohol 70%, dan kapur barus/kamper. kelestariannya. Kupu-kupu memiliki nilai penting Pengamatan ini dilakukan dengan metode bagi manusia maupun lingkungan antara lain, nilai jelajah dengan cara menyusuri jalan setapak sekitar ekonomi, ekologi, estetika, pendidikan, konservasi kawasan Cirengganis dan Padang Rumput Cikamal dan budaya (Lamatoa dkk, 2013 ). Dari perkiraan Taman Wisata Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran, 17.500 jenis kupu-kupu di dunia, tak kurang dari Jawa Barat. Penangkapan kupu-kupu dilakukan 1.600 jenis diantaranya tersebar di Indonesia. dengan menggunakan insect net dengan teknik Keadaan alam Indonesia dengan iklim tropik sweeping. Metode yang digunakan adalah Visual menjadi habitat yang cocok bagi perkembangan Encounter Survey (VES) atau Survei Penjumpaan berbagai spesies kupu-kupu, yang diperkirakan Langsung. Pengamatan dilakukan sepanjang jalur sekitar 4.000-5.000 spesies, namun sampai saat ini transek bayangan yaitu dengan jarak ± 1000 m yang baru sekitar setengahnya yang sudah diketahui dibagi ke dalam 10 titik sampling (100 m/titik) di spesiesnya (Arrummaisha dkk, 2014). lokasi sekitar kawasan Cirengganis dan Padang Famili Nymphalidae meliputi kupu-kupu Rumput Cikamal Cagar Alam Pananjung berukuran kecil hingga sedang (25-100 mm), ciri Pangandaran. Metode Visual Encounter Survey khas pada Nymphalidae ialah pasangan tungkai (VES) dilakukan pada titik sampling yang telah depan yang mengecil (kecuali pada kupu-kupu ditentukan, kemudian mencatat penjumpaan betina Libytheinae) (Landman, 2001). Kupu-kupu dengan kupu-kupu, parameter yang diukur yaitu anggota dari famili ini umumnya berwarna cokelat, jenis, jumlah, waktu, dan aktivitas (Wahyuni dkk, oranye, kuning, dan hitam. Kupu-kupu famili ini 2014). merupakan kelompok yang paling beragam jenisnya Pengamatan dilakukan pada pagi hari pukul dengan variasi dan pola bentuk sayap. Kupu-kupu 08.00 – 12.00 WIB dan sore hari pukul 14.00 – 16.00 jantan biasanya memiliki pasangan tungkai depan WIB. Pengukuran data abiotik suhu (oC) dan tertutup oleh kumpulan sisik yang padat menyerupai intensitas cahaya serta pencatatan data biotik berupa sikat, sehingga kupu-kupu ini juga dikenal sebagai vegetasi tumbuhan di lokasi pengamatan selama kupu- kupu berkaki sikat (Peggie & Amir, 2006). pengamatan. Sampel yang akan dikoleksi hanya satu Famili Pieridae meliputi kupu-kupu spesimen setiap spesies. Apabila saat pengambilan berukuran kecil hingga sedang (25- 100 mm), sampel menemukan individu kupu-kupu pada jenis memiliki tiga pasang kaki, sayap tidak berekor, dan yang sama, maka cukup dihitung jumlahnya serta biasanya berwarna putih atau kuning dengan sel dicatat ciri-cirinya dan kupu-kupu tersebut akan sayap belakang yang tertutup. Famili ini dapat dilepaskan kembali. Sampel kupu-kupu yang telah terbang jauh (beberapa spesies mempunyai sifat ditangkap akan disimpan dalam kertas papilot yang migrasi) dan sering ditemukan dalam jumlah banyak sudah diberi keterangan nomor, serta dicatat ciri- di sekeliling air (Sihombing, 1999). cirinya pada worksheet. Kemudian kupu-kupu Keanekaragaman hayati harus dijaga dari diawetkan untuk dijadikan spesimen dengan kerusakan habitat dan kepunahan maupun menyuntikkan alkohol 70% dibagian mesothoraks penurunan keanekaan jenis hayatinya. Seperti satwa secara tegak lurus. Sayap kupu-kupu direntangkan lainnya, kupu-kupu juga mengalami ancaman pada papan perentang agar sayap merentang kelangkaan jika tidak dilakukan perlindungan, sempurna. Tahap selanjutnya kupu-kupu diletakkan pelestarian serta pembinaan habitat agar tetap diatas sterofoam dengan ditusuk menggunakan lestari. Oleh karena itu dalam upaya konservasi jarum pentul, sayap kupu-kupu dijepit dengan keanekaragaman hayati, maka dilakukan penelitian potongan kertas minyak yang ditahan menggunakan 2 Jurnal Agrikultura 2018, 29 (1): 1-8 Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-kupu … ISSN 0853-2885 jarum pentul yang ditancapkan di atas papan Analisis data frekuensi merupakan penentuan perentang. Perentangan sayap kupu-kupu dilakukan besarnya jumlah presentase setiap spesies pada dengan menggunakan pinset agar sayap kupu-kupu masing-masing plot. Frekuensi relatif merupakan tidak rusak. Beri label jenis dan keterangan spesies persentase kehadiran suatu individu dalam sejumlah pada tiap spesimen. Identifikasi spesimen yang telah titik sampling (Odum, 1993). ∑ didapatkan menggunakan buku panduan identifikasi Frekuensi Mutlak (FM)= ∑ field guide Practical Guide to the Butterflies of Frekuensi Relatif (FR)= x 100% Bogor Botanic Garden (Peggie & Amir, 2006) dan ∑ Identification Guide for Butterflies of West Java Keterangan : (Schulze, 2005). Penyimpanan kupu-kupu dilakukan FR : Frekuensi Relatif dalam kotak spesimen yang telah diberi kapur FM: Frekuensi Mutlak (jumlah individu tiap jenis barus/kamper sebagai pengawet dan menghindarkan yang menempati plot spesimen dari semut atau jamur. Hasil data yang diperoleh, dianalisis HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN menggunakan indeks dominansi, indeks kekayaan jenis Margalef, indeks keanekaragaman Shannon- Dari hasil pengamatan pada kedua lokasi, Wiener, dan indeks kemerataan. kupu-kupu famili Nymphalidae dan Pieridae yang ditemukan berjumlah 15 jenis dari 7 subfamili, yaitu a. Indeks Dominansi Jenis (D) dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1 dan 2. Berdasarkan Dominansi jenis kupu- kupu dihitung menggunakan hasil pengamatan yang telah dilakukan pada seluruh indeks dominansi Simpson (D) dengan rumus: spesies kupu-kupu yang diperoleh, menunjukkan (Odum,1993). bahwa kupu-kupu dari famili Nymphalidae paling 퐷 = 100 % banyak ditemukan pada kedua lokasi pengamatan. Keterangan : Hal ini dikarenakan famili Nymphalidae memiliki D : Indeks Dominansi jumlah spesies yang relatif banyak. Selain memiliki ni : Jumlah Individu Suatu Jenis anggota terbanyak, tingginya
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