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A Case Study of Wheaton Academy and the Initiation, Development, and Fulfillment of Its Christian Saga of Social Justice Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2011 Keeping True to the Cathedral Within: A Case Study of Wheaton Academy and the Initiation, Development, and Fulfillment of Its Christian Saga of Social Justice Barbara Dill-Varga Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Educational Administration and Supervision Commons Recommended Citation Dill-Varga, Barbara, "Keeping True to the Cathedral Within: A Case Study of Wheaton Academy and the Initiation, Development, and Fulfillment of Its Christian Saga of Social Justice" (2011). Dissertations. 64. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/64 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2011 Barbara Dill-Varga LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO KEEPING TRUE TO THE CATHEDRAL WITHIN: A CASE STUDY OF WHEATON ACADEMY AND THE INITIATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND FULFILLMENT OF ITS CHRISTIAN SAGA OF SOCIAL JUSTICE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF EDUCATION PROGRAM IN ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION BY BARBARA DILL-VARGA CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MAY 2011 Copyright by Barbara Dill-Varga, 2011 All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To those who supported me with their time, their encouragement, their wisdom, and their love, I dedicate this work. I would especially like to express my gratitude to: Professional colleagues, friends, and family who expressed interest in my work and listened to me verbalize and redefine my ideas through numerous conversations; Dr. Fine, Dr. Docekal, and Dr. Roemer for their willingness to sit on my dissertation committee, providing support and guidance throughout this very long process; Alumni and employees of Wheaton College and Wheaton Academy for their enthusiastic participation in my research process, especially Dr. Gene Frost, Mr. Jon Keith, Dr. David Roth, Mr. Mel Johnson, and Mr. Mac Airhart; My son Alex and husband Steve, for without their support, I would not have had the time and energy to complete the work necessary to complete this project; And finally to the guidance and sustaining power of my Heavenly Father to whom all the glory should be given. As David Roth would say, “Soli Deo Gloria.” Barb Dill-Varga May 2011 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...............................................................................................iii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... x INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 Purpose.................................................................................................................... 5 Need for the Study .................................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER I: REVIEW OF THEORETICAL LITERATURE.......................................... 7 Hargreaves and Fink’s Sustainable Leadership ..................................................... 7 Burtchaell’s Dying of the Light.............................................................................. 9 Robert Benne’s Framework in Quality with Soul................................................. 11 David Whetten and Stuart Albert’s Organizational Identity ............................... 15 Burton Clarke’s Organizational Saga ................................................................... 16 Crosswalk of Four Frameworks............................................................................ 21 A Compelling Central Vision That Matters.............................................. 22 A View That is Distinctive and Demands Action..................................... 22 A Vision That Endures Over Time Because Key Personnel are Empowered Through Distributive Leadership....................................... 23 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND....................................... 26 What is an Academy? ........................................................................................... 26 The Age of the Academies.................................................................................... 28 The Second Great Awakening and Origins of the Vision of Social Justice ......... 31 A Few Academies From History .......................................................................... 32 The Phillips Academies, 1781 to Present ................................................. 32 Oberlin Academy, 1833-1916................................................................... 34 Elgin Academy, 1839 to Present Day....................................................... 36 The Decline of the Academies.............................................................................. 38 The Legacy of the Academies............................................................................... 40 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY .................................................................................. 41 Historical Inquiry.................................................................................................. 41 Case Study............................................................................................................ 42 Organizational Life Stages as Organizing Metaphor............................................ 45 Research Questions............................................................................................... 47 Primary Sources and Secondary Sources.............................................................. 48 Primary Sources........................................................................................ 49 Secondary Sources.................................................................................... 50 Interviews.............................................................................................................. 51 Participant Selection............................................................................................. 52 iv Theory-based Sampling ............................................................................ 52 Snowball or Chain-referral Sampling ....................................................... 53 Invitation to Participate......................................................................................... 53 Interview Procedures............................................................................................ 54 Data Analysis........................................................................................................ 54 Researcher’s Qualifications and Limitations........................................................ 55 CHAPTER IV: INITIATION OF THE VISION: THE ACADEMY FROM 1853 TO 1949........................................................................................... 59 The Story Begins................................................................................................... 59 Jonathan Blanchard’s Ancestral Heritage of Reform and Protest ........................ 59 Christian Commitment, Faith, and Early Stand Against Moral Evils....... 61 School and Societal Reformer .................................................................. 63 Abolitionism ............................................................................................. 66 Anti-Masonry............................................................................................ 71 College President...................................................................................... 71 Birth of an Institution, 1853.................................................................................. 76 Birth of the Wesleyan Methodist Church in America .............................. 78 Reverend John C. Cross, 1853.................................................................. 80 Reverend Charles F. Winship, 1855 ......................................................... 81 Reverend J. A. Martling, 1856.................................................................. 82 Reverend Lucius C. Matlock, 1856 .......................................................... 82 The Blanchards..................................................................................................... 83 Jonathan Blanchard, 1860......................................................................... 83 Origins of the Grassy Knoll Saga ............................................................. 85 Charles A. Blanchard................................................................................ 92 Blanchard-Fischer Dynasty....................................................................... 95 Charles Blanchard and the National Christian Association...................... 96 Fundraising ............................................................................................... 98 Darien A. Straw, 1882-1910 ................................................................... 100 William F. Rice, 1915-1922....................................................................101 Edward R. Schell, 1928-1949
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