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Siglo XV Florencia

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Siglo XV Florencia El comienzo oficial del Renacimiento El comienzo del Renacimiento • El primer florecimiento del Renacimiento se dio en Florencia • Uno de sus símbolos es el duomo o cúpula de la Catedral Santa María dei Fiori en Florencia, hecha por Filippo Brunelleschi entre 1420-1436. Es una de las obras de ingeniería más importantes del mundo. • Otra de las obras que marca el comienzo “oficial” del Renacimiento es el concurso para decorar las puertas del Bautisterio de Florencia. Este abre las compuertas para un verdadero renacimiento en el área de la escultura • En lo que concierne a la pintura, el siglo quince es el momento en que se inventa la perspectiva lineal, que va a transformar la forma de entender tanto la profundidad como la superifice entera de la pintura Puertas Sur del Bautisterio, bronce Andrea Pisano; 1330-6 • En 1401 el gremio de la lana abrió una competencia para crear unas segundas puertas de bronce, en el mismo formato que las de Andrea Pisano • Se presentaron catorce artistas a la competencia, entre ellos algunos extranjeros a Florencia • Se les pidió que hicieran un panel de prueba con el tema del Sacrificio de Abraham • Sobreviven seis paneles de prueba, entre ellos los de Lorenzo Ghiberti y Filippo Brunelleschi, que parecen haber sido los dos finalistas del concurso El sacrificio de Isaac de Brunelleschi para las puertas Norte del Bautisterio, 1401-2 Lorenzo Ghiberti, Vida de Cristo, Puertas Norte del Bautisterio, 1402-1425 La adoración de los Reyes y La última cena La flagelación • La obra de la nueva catedral se comenzó sobre las ruinas de Santa Reparata • Arnolfo di Cambio comenzó la obra en 1296. Le siguieron como arquitectos/supervisores Andrea Pisano y Giotto di Bondone entre otros • En 1818 el comité Opera del Duomo hace una competencia para crear una bóveda para la catedral. Los concursantes más prominentes son Lorenzo Ghiberti y Filippo Brunelleschi. • Desde principios del siglo quince Ghiberti había estado realizando vitrales para la Catedral y Nanni di Banco y Donatello esculturas tanto para el portal principal como para la parte exterior de las capillas del ábside. Fachada de la Catedral de Santa María dei Fiori hasta el siglo dieciseis y la fachada final, completada en el siglo diecinueve Donatello, David, 1409; Nanni di Banco, Esaías, 1408 Donatello, San Juan Evangelista, 1410-11; Nanni di Banco, San Lucas, 1408-1415 Donatello, Profeta con barba ; Donatello, Profeta con pergamino, 1418 Dontallo, El sacrificio de Isaac, 1418 Donatello, El profeta Jeremías, 1423-26; El profeta Habakuk, 1427-36 Or San Michele, Florencia • Or San Michele queda a mitad de camino entre la Catedral y el Palazzo della Signoria • Originalmente fue un depósito de granos y luego el depósito de granos se ubicó en dos pisos superiores y se cerró la arcada para convertir el piso principal en iglesia • En su interior se encontraba una imagen alegadamente milagrosa de la Virgen María • En el siglo quince varios nichos del exterior del edificio fueron usados por los distintos gremios para representar a sus santos patronos Andrea di Cione, llamado Orcagna, Tabernáculo, c.1355-1359 Atribuciones de estatuas en los nichos exteriores • San Pedro por Bernardo Ciuffagni* • San Felipe por Nanni di Banco • 3) Los cuatro santos por Nanni di Banco • 4)San Jorge por Donatello • 5)San Mateo por Ghiberti • 6)San Esteban por Ghiberti • 7)San Eligio por Nanni di Banco • 8) San Marcos por Donatello • 9) Santiago por Lamberti* • 10) Madonna della Rosa por Piero Tedesco* • 11) San Juan Evangelista por Baccio da Montelupo • 12) San Lucas por Gianbologna • 13)Santo Tomás por Verrocchio • 14)San Juan Bautista por Ghiberti Nicho del gremio de hacedores de armaduras; Donatello, San Jorge, 1410-1415 Nicho de los trabajadores del hilo; Donatello, San Marcos, 1411-1413 Nicho de los trabajadores de la piedra y la madera; Nanni di Banco, Cuatro Santos coronados, c. 1414-1416 Comparación de las predellas de Donatello y Nanni di Banco Gremio de la lana(calimala); Lorenzo Ghiberti, San Juan el Bautista, 1412-1417 Gremio de los prestamistas y banqueros; Lorenzo Ghiberti, San Mateo, 1419-20 Partido Guelfo; Donatello, San Luis de Toulouse, c. 1423 Hospital de los inocentes, comenzado en 1421 • Este se considera uno de los primeros edificios renacentistas • Tiene columnas corintias • Su “diferencia”radica en la proporcionalidad del edificio – la distancia entre columnas es igual a su altura y la distancia entre la pared y la columnata • Otra de las aportaciones que hará Filippo Brunelleschi a la arquitectura del Renacimiento es la cúpula sobre pendentives, visible en el complejo de la Iglesia de San Lorenzo Filippo Brunelleschi, S. Lorenzo, Florencia; 1421-69 Filippo Brunelleschi, Capilla Pazzi, Sta Croce, Florencia; 1430-33 Filippo Brunelleschi, Church of Santo Spirito Arcada y clerestorio este, Iglesia de Santo Spirito Cúpula, Santo Spirito.
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