Ecological Research Monographs Shin-ichi Nakano · Tetsukazu Yahara Tohru Nakashizuka Editors Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Observation Network Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Services Ecological Research Monographs Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Observation Network Series editor Yoh Iwasa More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8852 Shin-ichi Nakano • Tetsukazu Yahara • Tohru Nakashizuka Editors Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Services Editors Shin-ichi Nakano Tetsukazu Yahara Center for Ecological Research Department of Biology Kyoto University Kyushu University Otsu, Shiga Fukuoka, Japan Japan Tohru Nakashizuka Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Sendai, Japan ISSN 2191-0707 ISSN 2191-0715 (electronic) Ecological Research Monographs ISBN 978-981-10-0778-1 ISBN 978-981-10-0780-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0780-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016939121 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. 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Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Front cover: Plecoglossus altivelis, sweetfish (ayu), swimming near the shore of Lake Biwa, Japan (photo by Kohta Sawada). Back cover: Left: Chinese cuisine prepared on a boat in Lake Taihu, China. The ingredients are an ecosystem service of the lake (photo by Shin-ichi Nakano). Center: Nypa fruticans Wurmb, nipa palm, in a tributary of the Mekong River, Vietnam (photo by Shin-ichi Nakano). Right: Phytoplankton assemblage of Lake Biwa, Japan (photo by Shohei Fujinaga). Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd. Preface It has been commonly accepted that biological diversity is important as a natural resource and also for functioning of the ecosystem which provides us with ecosystem services essential for human well-being, although biodiversity loss is continuing both on regional and global scales. To provide a quantum step forward in advancing science that optimizes the synergy between development and biodiversity conservation in Asia, we have published two volumes from the Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Observation Network (AP-BON): The Biodiversity Observation Network in the Asia-Pacific Region: Toward Further Development of Monitoring and Integrative Observations and Assessments. In those two books, we have mainly introduced the status quo of biodiversity monitoring in Asia, together with advanced concepts and methods for biodiversity and ecosystem service. In October 2014, the 12th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD-COP12) was held in Pyeongchang, South Korea. According to the mid-term review of progress toward the goals of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets using the fourth edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO4) as background material, it was recognized that we had made progress toward meeting some elements of most Aichi Biodiversity Targets. However, in most cases, these advances will not be enough to achieve the targets, and further urgent and effective action is needed to reduce the threats to biodiversity and to prevent its continued decline. At CBD-COP12, the “Gangwon Declaration”, the report from the ministerial level meeting where sustainable development with special reference to biodiversity was discussed, was adopted, and the significant contribution of biodiversity due to its critical foundation of the Earth system on which human well-being depends is clearly stated. In November 2012, we held the International Workshop on Freshwater Bio- diversity Conservation in Asia at Kyushu University, Japan, to discuss how to identify the biodiversity hotspots, appropriate methods to identify the drivers of biodiversity loss of particular freshwater systems, and data sharing among v vi Preface Asian countries. The chapters drawn from the workshop presentations dominate in this third volume from AP-BON, referring to local biodiversity, management and conservation of biodiversity, and newly developed concepts and method- ologies in freshwater systems. In addition, we also have invited some chapters on a marine system and ecosystem service and socioeconomic aspects with special reference to biodiversity because of the analogy to freshwater ecosystems. The first part, “Local Biodiversity and Its Threats”, consists of four chapters. Our planet is currently facing a freshwater biodiversity crisis, and the key to preventing further extinction is found by understanding the threats facing aquatic habitats. Better management of biodiversity conservation requires frequent and spatially detailed assessments of species numbers and distributions. To collect such information, laborious and expensive support is needed. The usefulness of modern sophisticated technologies that measure the distribution and status of biodiversity is probably an ideal way to gather these crucial data. Thus in the second part, “Advanced Methods of Biodiversity Monitoring”, we include a chapter on remote sensing tech- nology applied to a eutrophic lake and another chapter from marine seagrass beds. Ecosystem service in terms of biodiversity is now attracting increasing interest all over the world. When an ecosystem provides services to humans, some interaction with humans is required. Therefore, socioeconomic aspects with special reference to biodiversity would be an appropriate approach to evaluate ecosystem services in a given ecosystem. In the third part, “Ecosystem Service and Socioeconomic Aspects with Special Reference to Biodiversity”, we have included one chapter on Indone- sian freshwater fisheries and, to provide a broader perspective, two more chapters on terrestrial ecosystem services. The present book, together with our previous books, presents the status quo of Asian biodiversity in the biodiversity research that still lacks information from developing countries. In addition, we have included contri- butions, providing reviews on advances in concepts and methods of biodiversity observations and on the challenges to study spatial variability of biodiversity and ecosystems by linking monitoring across various ecosystems in the Asia-Pacific region. These contributions are important for effective conservation and sustainable use of aquatic biodiversity in this region. We hope the present book will be informative for all the stakeholders interested in biodiversity issues: researchers, policy (decision) makers, NPOs, NGOs, and industries related to environmental issues. We are very grateful to the Ministry of Environment, Japan, for providing administrative and financial support. Also, we would like to thank the authors for submitting their manuscripts; to the Secretariat of DIVERSITAS of the Western Pacific and Asia (DIWPA) for its formatting submitted manuscripts; and to the publisher Springer for its patience with our delayed editing of the book. Otsu, Japan Shin-ichi Nakano Fukuoka, Japan Tetsukazu Yahara Sendai, Japan Tohru Nakashizuka Contents Part I Local Biodiversity and Its Threats 1 Aquatic Macrophytes and Fish Diversity of Various Tropical Lakes at the Main Islands in Indonesia ............................ 3 Riky Kurniawan, Triyanto, and Luki Subehi 2 Status of Freshwater Fish Biodiversity in the Yangtze River Basin, China ................................................ 13 Liangliang Huang and Jianhua Li 3 Freshwater Fish Diversity in Thailand and the Challenges on Its Prosperity Due To River Damming .................... 31 Tuantong Jutagate, Chaiwut Grudpan, and Apinun Suvarnaraksha 4 Potential Future Coral Habitats Around Japan Depend Strongly on Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions ........................... 41 Yumiko Yara, Hiroya Yamano, Marco Steinacher, Masahiko Fujii, Meike Vogt, Nicolas Gruber, and Yasuhiro Yamanaka Part II Advanced Methods of Biodiversity Monitoring 5 Classification of Seagrass Beds by Coupling Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Data and Digital Aerial Photographs .............. 59 Satoshi Ishiguro, Katsumasa Yamada, Takehisa Yamakita, Hiroya Yamano, Hiroyuki Oguma, and Tsuneo Matsunaga 6 Cyanobacterial Blooms as an Indicator of Environmental Degradation in Waters and Their Monitoring Using Satellite Remote Sensing ......................................... 71 Yoichi Oyama, Bunkei Matsushita, and Takehiko Fukushima vii viii Contents Part III Ecosystem Service and Socioeconomic Aspects with Special Reference to Biodiversity 7 Utilization of Freshwater Fish Biodiversity