DOCSLIB.ORG

Cruise Ship Tourism Concern (10/8/2014)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cruise Ship Tourism Concern (10/8/2014) PART OF A SERIES OF RESEARCH BRIEFINGS WHICH PRESENT INTRODUCTORY SUMMARIES ON TOPICS OF INTEREST TO OUR MEMBERS TourismConcern research briefing Cruise tourism – what’s below the surface? Research briefing 2016 • Helen Jennings & Kai Ulrik Introduction Questions raised include: A short history Whether it’s travel by river boat on the • How much economic benefit The earliest ocean-going vessels Rhine or aboard one of the gigantic do passengers actually bring to the were not primarily concerned with destinations they visit, as on board ships that ply the Caribbean, cruise passengers, but rather with the cargo spending demands and incentives that they could carry. By the mid-1850s, tourism is becoming ever more increase? popular. But is this form of tourism however, ships began to add a range of ethical and sustainable? Does it bring • What are the environmental luxuries in order to cater for passengers. impacts of massive cruise real benefits to local communities in Although often luxurious, ocean liners ships visiting sensitive marine nonetheless had shortcomings – such the places visited? environments? And how is the as a lack of passenger space – that huge quantity of waste generated According to Cruise Market made them unsuitable for cruising. Watch, under 4 million passengers during such cruises dealt with? Superliners – massive purpose-built worldwide went on cruises in • With many larger ships 1990, over 7 million in 2000, registered in countries where there floating hotels designed to address and over 18 million in 2010. By is limited legal protection for these shortcomings – first appeared 2020 numbers are projected to employees, how are cruise workers in the early twentieth century, making increase to more than 25 million, treated? the 1920s and 1930s were an era of with nearly 60% of passengers from USA and around 25% from This report presents findings glamorous trans-Atlantic travel. These Europe. The industry regards this from desk-based research aimed journeys ceased during World War II, growth as success, but elsewhere at answering these questions, and the advent of air travel after the there is mounting concern about particularly in relation to mass war dampened cruising’s revival. But the damaging impacts of a sector market cruise tourism. from the 1960s, ‘fun’ vacation cruises growing so rapidly. increased dramatically, particularly in the Caribbean and Mediterranean. Ships at the cruise ship terminal in Nassau, The Bahamas The extravagance and luxury of cruise packages, often for seemingly bargain prices,* has brought increasing numbers of customers since, with an estimated 2100% growth since 1970 * Many cruise lines now have a more resort- like fare structure, with low up front prices masking the a la carte purchases which increase the real costs on board. Action for Ethical Tourism TourismConcern research report Economic impacts bananas and other tropical fruits, of the major cruise companies are yet scarcely sells any to the many ‘transnational’– circumventing Carnival Liberty, Carnival Triumph and the Carnival Glory visiting Although governments may benefit from taxes and sales of fuel, and some visiting cruise ships (Tourism national borders and manipulating St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands, carrying nearly 9,000 passengers. local businesses can sell passengers duty free goods and local tours, Concern, 2015). local economies. (Robinson, 2003). limited time spent ashore and the provision of food, drink and other goods Even in the places where local For example Royal Caribbean – on board, mean that local people often derive little or no benefit from the produce is bought by the ships, the second largest cruise company thousands of passengers disembarking from cruise ships. prices paid are kept to the in the world (see box opposite) minimum by the bargaining – are based in Miami, Florida, The extent of the economic benefit economy (CLIA, 2016/1). power of the companies. and yet sail under a Liberian brought to a particular destination However, the majority of local flag. The company does not offer by cruise tourism is debatable. businesses do not share the Passengers may also be given cruises to anywhere in Africa, let In theory visiting passengers buy economic benefits. And, even incentives to purchase tickets for alone to Liberia. However, the food, souvenirs and local tours at when purchases are made ashore, tours ashore whilst still on board. arrangement does mean that they ports on their cruise. In practice, there can be agreements between These can include money back pay very little in US taxes, which however, cruise companies can cruise companies and bigger local vouchers which, ironically, are may have helped the founder to limit the time spent ashore, and businesses which effectively shut only able to be spent on board! accrue a reported fortune of US$8 also encourage passengers to buy out smaller concerns. According to Brida & Zapata billion (Walker, 2012). It also goods on board. (2015) more than 50% of shore- means that Royal Caribbean is Many of the larger cruise ships based activities are sold on board accountable only to the far less The Cruise Lines International run their own ‘ship economies’ by the cruise companies, with local stringent labour and safety laws Association (CLIA) state that providing floating hotels that operators only receiving 25% to of Liberia, which has arguably cruise lines generated nearly satisfy most of the eating, drinking 50% of the full price. The same led to worse rights and conditions 1 million jobs in 2014 and and even shopping needs of the local operators are also forced to of employment for staff on contributed nearly $120 million passengers. Ships can carry all pay high prices to advertise their their ships. Such companies are Who owns the cruise ships? (£85 million) to the global the supplies they need on board tours on board. Those that can effectively floating ‘transnational The multi-national companies who run the industry have considerable power and often do so even where local afford to compete in this way tend corporations’. The 165m main promenade aboard Norwegian food is easily available. Costa to be the bigger local companies. and influence. cruise ship Color Magic, with restaurants, bars Rica, for example, is one of the Mexico, in an effort to gain a Host Resorts…. where? and shops that cater to every taste. biggest Caribbean exporters of The largest, Carnival Corporation, is a holding company that owns Carnival little more from cruise tourism, Some companies are even Cruise Lines (24 ships), Princess Cruises (16 ships), Holland America Line (15 creating their own ‘dream resort’ is attempting to request a levy ships), Costa (14 ships), P&O Cruises (7 ships), Cunard (3 ships), Seabourn (6 of $5 per passenger (Brida, destinations: purchasing land, ships), AIDA (10 ships) and P&O Cruises Australia (3 ships). 2015). Many other destinations and even whole islands, in order to reap all the profits from though are so highly dependent Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd is the holding company for: Royal Caribbean on cruise tourism that their passengers’ visits. International (23 ships), Celebrity Cruises (11 ships), Pullmantur (5 ships), ability to negotiate reasonable Royal Caribbean for years terms of trade is restricted. The Azamara Club Cruises (2 ships), CDF Croisieres de France (1 ship). promoted a resort named economic value of cruise ships to ‘Labadee’ on the island of Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd has 13 ships in service and MSC Cruises governments and port authorities, Hispaniola in the Caribbean. especially in small island states, has 12 ships. Sliversea has six ships, Fred Olsen Cruises four and Disney also Labadee is actually in Haiti, an creates competition for their visits has four ships. impoverished country that is which can lead to the lowering plagued with natural disasters, Source: Beyondships.com of taxes and the relaxing of political strife, and economic regulations, further reducing the depravation. Royal Caribbean benefits to local people of their to accurately advertise Labadee questions. Have transnational rents a strip of the coastline visit (Kingston, 2006). as being in Haiti. Carnival cruise companies become too from the government, and here Corporation is soon to follow in powerful? Should there be more Floating tax havens and passengers use their cruise ship Royal Caribbean’s footsteps to regulation on an international flags of convenience cards to buy everything they create their own private resort basis? To what extent is there will need. The landscape is fair competition? Do countries Just as there are problems on the Haitian coast (Tourism exploited and the Haitian people visited by cruise ships have any tracking the financial affairs of Concern, 2015). are completely excluded from real power to claim a fair share cargo ships sailing under ‘flags the economic benefits. It took a The way cruise companies of the profits of such tourism? of convenience’, so there are also considerable amount of public use their economic muscle to (Klein, 2005). concerns with cruise liners. Many outrage to even get the cruise line maximise profits raises numerous TourismConcern research report Caye Caulker villagers attributed a large stretch of debris off their shores to dumping by cruise ship traffic a few miles from the island in Belize. Environmental impacts (Guardian 2009). Sulphur resulting in discharge that often dioxide and nitrogen oxides are contains significant amounts of ‘Most travelers don’t realize that taking a cruise is more harmful to the also major
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Oil and Gas News Briefs, December 28, 2020
    Oil and Gas News Briefs Compiled by Larry Persily December 28, 2020 LNG producers risk overinvesting in too much new supply (The Wall Street Journal; Dec. 24) - As a cleaner fossil fuel, natural gas will play a role for years to come. It is less certain, however, that it will be a profitable one. Exuberant investment in new reserves and liquefaction facilities in recent years helped globalize the LNG market but also created a supply glut. Any sustained recovery in prices and profits will require producers to resist the temptation to overinvest once again. Future profitability will depend on how well supply and demand match up. Natural gas will likely play two key roles in the upcoming green transition: replacing coal-fired power plants until sufficient renewables production can be built; and fueling backup peak plants to bridge the gaps in intermittent wind and solar generation. Gas demand is expected to peak sometime in the next decade or two and then taper off slowly, though advances in carbon capture and storage could extend its role. On the other hand, gas demand could be reduced by a faster-than-expected fall in costs for renewable energy and storage, or an accelerated development of green hydrogen. The uncertainty makes it tricky to estimate what supply will be needed in the future, particularly as projects can take years to come online. This raises the risk of overproduction, which can cause prices to languish. Decisions to invest during the next two years could lead to another “wave of supplies” coming online in 2027, prompting another downward price cycle, said Carlos Torres Diaz, gas and power analyst at energy consultancy Rystad Energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Port Industry Terminology
    Glossary of Port Industry Terminology Berth: 1) The area allotted to accommodate a vessel alongside a wharf, or the area in which a vessel swings when at anchor. 2) Or in “cruise terminology ” a bed. Berthage: A tariff charged to a vessel occupying a berth. It is calculated by applying the current tariff rate per GT for each of the first 2 twelve-hour periods. Each additional hour is charged at a lower published rate per GT. Bollard: Is a short vertical post used on a ship or a quay, principally for mooring. Breakbulk: Non-containerized general cargo. Examples include iron, steel, machinery, linerboard, woodpulp and yachts. Cabin: A passenger room onboard the cruise ship – sometimes called a stateroom or a berth. CBSA: Canada Border Services Agency (occasionally referred to as Canada Customs). Coastal Trading Act: An Act respecting the use of foreign ships and non-duty paid ships in the coasting trade. (Canadian version of American “Jones Act” see cabotage below). Cabotage Water transportation term applicable to shipments between ports of a nation; commonly refers to coastwise or intercoastal navigation or trade. Many nations, including the United States, have cabotage laws which require national flag vessels to provide domestic interport service. (In US this is referred to as the “Jones Act”). Chart Datum: A plan below which the tide will seldom fall. The Canadian Hydrographic Service has adopted the plane of Lowest Normal Tides (LNT) as chart datum. To find the depth of water, the height of tide must be added to the depth shown on the chart. Tidal heights preceded by a (-) must be subtracted from the charted depth.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cruise Passengers' Rights & Remedies 2016
    PANEL SIX ADMIRALTY LAW: THE CRUISE PASSENGERS’ RIGHTS & REMEDIES 2016 245 246 ADMIRALTY LAW THE CRUISE PASSENGERS’ RIGHTS & REMEDIES 2016 Submitted By: HON. THOMAS A. DICKERSON Appellate Division, Second Department Brooklyn, NY 247 248 ADMIRALTY LAW THE CRUISE PASSENGERS’ RIGHTS & REMEDIES 2016 By Thomas A. Dickerson1 Introduction Thank you for inviting me to present on the Cruise Passengers’ Rights And Remedies 2016. For the last 40 years I have been writing about the travel consumer’s rights and remedies against airlines, cruise lines, rental car companies, taxis and ride sharing companies, hotels and resorts, tour operators, travel agents, informal travel promoters, and destination ground operators providing tours and excursions. My treatise, Travel Law, now 2,000 pages and first published in 1981, has been revised and updated 65 times, now at the rate of every 6 months. I have written over 400 legal articles and my weekly article on Travel Law is available worldwide on www.eturbonews.com Litigator During this 40 years, I spent 18 years as a consumer advocate specializing in prosecuting individual and class action cases on behalf of injured and victimized 1 Thomas A. Dickerson is an Associate Justice of the Appellate Division, Second Department of the New York State Supreme Court. Justice Dickerson is the author of Travel Law, Law Journal Press, 2016; Class Actions: The Law of 50 States, Law Journal Press, 2016; Article 9 [New York State Class Actions] of Weinstein, Korn & Miller, New York Civil Practice CPLR, Lexis-Nexis (MB), 2016; Consumer Protection Chapter 111 in Commercial Litigation In New York State Courts: Fourth Edition (Robert L.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Maritime Directorate Strategy - Public Consultation Submissions by Recipient
    Irish Maritime Directorate Strategy - Public Consultation Submissions by Recipient 1. Commander John Jordan Received 13 November 2020 Dear Sir, From 1952 to 2000 I served on Irish and British Merchant ships, including 32 years in the Irish naval Service, and finally 8 years mainly with Commissioners of Irish Lights and some with Dundalk shipping and British and Irish Containers on MV Wicklow. I would have entered and used all Irish Ports except Wicklow, Dundalk ,Drogheda and Sligo. In Naval days I was liaison officer to the Survey and charting for Burtonport Fishery harbour and served in command of 5 naval ships. Comments Core 1. In the overall our response to Maritime safety is reactive as we have NO hands on 24/7 view, or control of maritime traffic. With the loss of manned lighthouses and reliance only on Radio channels in competition with Cell and satellite phones there has been a loss of the Surface Picture and of discipline among users. Most busy sea traffic areas, other than Ireland, are now controlled and interrogated by VTS . Recent incidences offshore and over the years has shown our weaknesses in the event of ship breakdowns that culminate in towage and/or rescue. There are no dedicated Emergency Towage vessels. Regulations will not solve or provide a solution to an actual incident. Core 2. Some of our Ports are in planned disarray. There is a certain loss of control in that traditional town based berthage is being repurposed as development lands while linear losses of berthage, are not being met at down river sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Cruise Shipping and Urban Development the Case of Dublin
    CPB Corporate Partnership Board Cruise Shipping and Urban Development The Case of Dublin This report analyses Dublin’s attractiveness as a cruise port and assesses the impacts of cruise shipping on the city. It evaluates policies in place and provides recommendations to increase the positive impacts of cruise shipping for the city of Dublin. Over the last decade, Dublin has grown as an important port of call for cruises in Northern Europe. Cruise tourism generates significant economic benefits for the city of Dublin. The value cruise tourism brings could be further increased by developing Dublin into a cruise home port, that is a port from which cruises start and where they end. Under which conditions could this be achieved? Which policy measures would be needed? Which stakeholders would need to be involved? This report is part of the International Transport Forum’s Case-Specific Policy Analysis series. These are topical studies on specific issues carried out by the ITF in agreement with local institutions. Cruise Shipping and Urban Development The Case of Dublin Case-Specific Policy Analysis International Transport Forum 2 rue André Pascal F-75775 Paris Cedex 16 T +33 (0)1 45 24 97 10 F +33 (0)1 45 24 13 22 Email: [email protected] Web: www.itf-oecd.org 2016-12/Photo credit: Port of Dublin 2016-12/Photo Cruise Shipping and Urban Development The Case of Dublin Case-Specific Policy Analysis The International Transport Forum The International Transport Forum is an intergovernmental organisation with 57 member countries. It acts as a think tank for transport policy and organises the Annual Summit of transport ministers.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the Cruise Ship Industry
    Resources (/Resources/) // Blog (/Resources/Blog) November 19, 2018 A HISTORY OF THE CRUISE SHIP INDUSTRY Cruising has come a long way from the industry’s beginnings as a way for steamship companies to supplement their earnings from hauling cargo and mail across the ocean. In 2018, an estimated 27.2 million people (https://www.f-cca.com/downloads/2018-Cruise-Industry- Overview-and-Statistics.pdf) are expected to take a cruise vacation, making the $126 billion industry (https://www.f-cca.com/downloads/2018-Cruise-Industry-Overview-and-Statistics.pdf) one of the fastest growing in the leisure travel market. Today’s ships are more luxurious (https://www.royalcaribbean.com/cruise-ships/symphony-of-the- seas) than some land-based resorts, with spas, multiple bars, restaurants, lounges, and entertainment venues. Some even include onboard waterparks and ice-skating rinks. While many vacationing passengers enjoy these megaships and the over-the-top resort amenities— rock climbing, anyone? — they present special challenges for the crews hired to maneuver and manage these vessels while keeping all aboard safe, and require special training. Resolve Maritime Academy (https://www.resolveacademy.com/Training- Courses/Courses/Advanced-Shiphandling-Conventional) offers a ve-day course on advanced ship handling that covers the complex procedures involved in maneuvering large, conventionally powered vessels. The course uses Resolve Maritime Academy’s full-mission bridge and mini-bridge simulators to teach proper procedures for situations such as docking and undocking, propulsion loss, maneuvering in high winds and currents, and avoiding collisions. In addition to instruction on handling for cruise ships, the course can be customized for container, bulker, offshore, and oil and gas vessels.
    [Show full text]
  • Maritime Transportation: the Role of U.S
    MARITIME TRANSPORTATION: THE ROLE OF U.S. SHIPS AND MARINERS (113–16) HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON COAST GUARD AND MARITIME TRANSPORTATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 21, 2013 Printed for the use of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure ( Available online at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/ committee.action?chamber=house&committee=transportation U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 81–148 PDF WASHINGTON : 2014 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Aug 31 2005 15:23 Jan 16, 2014 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 P:\HEARINGS\113\CG\5-21-1~1\81148.TXT JEAN COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE BILL SHUSTER, Pennsylvania, Chairman DON YOUNG, Alaska NICK J. RAHALL, II, West Virginia THOMAS E. PETRI, Wisconsin PETER A. DEFAZIO, Oregon HOWARD COBLE, North Carolina ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee, Columbia Vice Chair JERROLD NADLER, New York JOHN L. MICA, Florida CORRINE BROWN, Florida FRANK A. LOBIONDO, New Jersey EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas GARY G. MILLER, California ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland SAM GRAVES, Missouri RICK LARSEN, Washington SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia MICHAEL E. CAPUANO, Massachusetts CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan TIMOTHY H. BISHOP, New York DUNCAN HUNTER, California MICHAEL H. MICHAUD, Maine ERIC A. ‘‘RICK’’ CRAWFORD, Arkansas GRACE F. NAPOLITANO, California LOU BARLETTA, Pennsylvania DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois BLAKE FARENTHOLD, Texas TIMOTHY J.
    [Show full text]
  • ECONOMIC IMPACT of COVID-19 on the CRUISE INDUSTRY in ALASKA, WASHINGTON, and OREGON October 20, 2020 ______
    FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION _______________________________________________ FACT FINDING INVESTIGATION NO. 30 _______________________________________________ COVID-19 IMPACT ON CRUISE INDUSTRY _______________________________________________ INTERIM REPORT: ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE CRUISE INDUSTRY IN ALASKA, WASHINGTON, AND OREGON October 20, 2020 _______________________________________________ 1 Table of Contents I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 3 II. Fact Finding Method ............................................................................................................ 4 III. Observations ........................................................................................................................ 5 A. Cruise Industry in Alaska ................................................................................................. 5 B. Anchorage ...................................................................................................................... 11 C. Seward ............................................................................................................................ 13 D. Whittier........................................................................................................................... 14 E. Juneau ............................................................................................................................. 15 F. Ketchikan .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Mega-Ships
    The Impact of Mega-Ships Case-Specific Policy Analysis The Impact of Mega-Ships Case-Specific Policy Analysis INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT FORUM The International Transport Forum at the OECD is an intergovernmental organisation with 54 member countries. It acts as a strategic think tank with the objective of helping shape the transport policy agenda on a global level and ensuring that it contributes to economic growth, environmental protection, social inclusion and the preservation of human life and well-being. The International Transport Forum organises an Annual Summit of ministers along with leading representatives from industry, civil society and academia. The International Transport Forum was created under a Declaration issued by the Council of Ministers of the ECMT (European Conference of Ministers of Transport) at its Ministerial Session in May 2006 under the legal authority of the Protocol of the ECMT, signed in Brussels on 17 October 1953, and legal instruments of the OECD. The Members of the Forum are: Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China (People’s Republic of), Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Republic of Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom and United States. The International Transport Forum’s Research Centre gathers statistics and conducts co-operative research programmes addressing all modes of transport. Its findings are widely disseminated and support policy making in Member countries as well as contributing to the Annual Summit.
    [Show full text]
  • Refueling Assessment of a Zero-Emission Container Corridor Between China and the United States: Could Hydrogen Replace Fossil Fuels?
    WORKING PAPER 2020-05 © 2020 INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON CLEAN TRANSPORTATION MARCH 2020 Refueling assessment of a zero-emission container corridor between China and the United States: Could hydrogen replace fossil fuels? Authors: Xiaoli Mao, Dan Rutherford, Liudmila Osipova, Bryan Comer Keywords: zero-emission vessels, hydrogen, fuel cells, shipping Introduction and background Container ships emitted 208 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) in 2015 (Olmer, Comer, Roy, Mao, & Rutherford, 2017), about as much as the entire economy of Vietnam (Global Carbon Atlas, n.d.). The busiest container shipping lane in the world is the transpacific corridor, and in 2015, ships moved 24 million twenty-foot-equivalent unit (TEU) containers, 46% of the world total, across the Pacific Ocean (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2016). Today, fossil fuels power container ships. In the future, if shipping is to decarbonize, zero-emission fuels must take their place. But long, deep-sea routes are particularly challenging to complete with zero-emission fuels, as these often contain less energy per unit volume than fossil fuels. Hydrogen has been used to power cars, buses, trucks, and ferries, but never a large container ship (Hall, Pavlenko, & Lutsey, 2018).1 Viking has plans for a 1,400-person (passengers plus crew) hydrogen fuel cell cruise ship, and there are small- and medium- size hydrogen-powered container ship concepts, but none are on the water today.2 That may change as the international shipping industry works to achieve the ambitions of the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO’s) initial greenhouse gas (GHG) strategy. Under the strategy, the IMO aims to cut international shipping’s GHG emissions by at www.theicct.org 1 There are hydrogen applications for vessels operated inland and in short sea shipping.
    [Show full text]
  • LNG Review October 2018 - Recent Issues and Events - Hiroshi Hashimoto∗
    IEEJ: November 2018© IEEJ2018 LNG Review October 2018 - Recent issues and events - Hiroshi Hashimoto∗ Introduction Northeast Asia's overall LNG prices were the highest in October 2018 since 2014 and are expected to stay in high levels for the next couple of months as the JCC (Japan's average crude oil import price) came near to USD 80 / bbl in October. On the other hand, although spot LNG prices in the region stayed above the levels in the last four years in October 2018, they began to stabilize due to slightly warmer weather and higher storage levels in the markets ahead of winter. According to the two countries' custom statistics, during the first ten months of 2018, China imported 72.06 million tonnes of natural gas (including pipeline gas supply and LNG), a 33% increase over the same period in 2017, compared to 69.26 million tonnes or a tiny decrease by Japan. Meanwhile Korea increased LNG imports by 18%, or 5.46 million tonnes year-on-year in the ten- month period in 2018. During the month of October, the Ichthys LNG project in Australia started exporting LNG. Thanks to increases demand in Asia, the world is expected to trade 310 million tonnes of LNG in the year. There were notable discussions on flexibility and security in the LNG market in the month. A hybrid approach that ties term-contract LNG prices to multiple indices was the most favoured by attendees at the annual LNG Producer- Consumer Conference in Nagoya Japan. Japan's and the European Commission's expert group proposed wording for LNG contracts to enhance flexibility and leads to a more liquid market.
    [Show full text]
  • Cruise & Ferry References
    VIKING GRACE Environmentally compliant and efficient with LNG Owner: Viking Line, Finland Yard: STX, Finland Delivery: 2012 Scope of supply: • Dual-fuel machinery and propulsion system • LNG tanks and fuel supply and handling system • Safety and automation systems • Related system engineering and analysis • Integrated automation system Wärtsilä NACOS VALMATIC Platinum • CCTV System 1 © Wärtsilä 17.6.2016 Wärtsilä Marine References SUPERSPEED II Color Line selects Wärtsilä scrubber systems to operate in emission controlled areas Owner: Color Line Yard: Aker Yards, Rauma, Finland Delivery: 2014 Scope of supply: • 4 x inline open loop scrubber systems • 4 x Wärtsilä 9L46 engines • 4 x Wärtsilä 6L46 auxiliary engines • Integrated Automation System DAMATIC 2 © Wärtsilä 17.6.2016 Wärtsilä Marine References QUEEN MARY II Cruise ship to meet strict environmental regulations with Wärtsilä wastewater treatment systems Owner: MSC Cruises Yard: STX Europe, France Scope of supply: • 2 x membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems • 4 x Wärtsilä 46 engines 3 © Wärtsilä 17.6.2016 Wärtsilä Marine References OASIS OF THE SEAS Full focus on the core business Owner: Royal Caribbean International Yard: STX Europe, Finland Delivery: 2009 Scope of supply: • 6 x Wärtsilä 46 engines • 3 x 12-cylinder engines • 4 x 5.5 MW Wärtsilä bow thrusters • Wärtsilä Dynamic Positioning (DP) • Entertainment AV and lightning systems in all venues • Crew TV head-end • 4 x Wärtsilä Serck Como MSF evaporators • 5 year service agreement covering engines on 29 RCL cruise ships 4 © Wärtsilä 17.6.2016 Wärtsilä Marine References CROWN PRINCESS Wärtsilä MBR plant allows for the treatment of black and grey water to satisfy the most stringent standards Owner: Princess Cruise Line Yard: Fincantieri Scope of supply: • 3 x Wärtsilä Hamworthy MBR16 Membrane BioReactor plants capable of managing up to 947 m3/day of waste water.
    [Show full text]