Universidade Federal Do Ceará Centro De Humanidades Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Letras

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Universidade Federal Do Ceará Centro De Humanidades Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Letras UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ CENTRO DE HUMANIDADES PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LETRAS TAYNAN LEITE DA SILVA REFLEXO INVERTIDO: A TRADUÇÃO DO CONTO “MEMENTO MORI” PARA O CINEMA FORTALEZA 2019 TAYNAN LEITE DA SILVA REFLEXO INVERTIDO: A TRADUÇÃO DO CONTO “MEMENTO MORI” PARA O CINEMA Dissertação apresentada à Coordenação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da Universidade Federal do Ceará, como requisito à obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras. Área de concentração: Literatura Comparada. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Yuri Brunello. FORTALEZA 2019 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação Universidade Federal do Ceará Biblioteca Universitária Gerada automaticamente pelo módulo Catalog, mediante os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a) S584r Silva, Taynan Leite da. Reflexo invertido : a tradução do conto "Memento Mori" para o cinema / Taynan Leite da Silva. – 2019. 134 f. : il. color. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Humanidades, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Letras, Fortaleza, 2019. Orientação: Prof. Dr. Yuri Brunello. 1. Memento Mori. 2. Memento. 3. Semiótica. 4. Adaptação . 5. Cinema. I. Título. CDD 400 TAYNAN LEITE DA SILVA REFLEXO INVERTIDO: A TRADUÇÃO DO CONTO “MEMENTO MORI” PARA O CINEMA Dissertação apresentada à Coordenação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da Universidade Federal do Ceará, como requisito à obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras. Área de concentração: Literatura Comparada. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Yuri Brunello. Aprovada em: 11 / 07 / 2019. BANCA EXAMINADORA ________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Yuri Brunello (Orientador) Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) _________________________________________ Prof. Dr. José Leite de Oliveira Júnior Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) _________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marcelo Magalhães Leitão Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Aos meus pais, Ambrosina e Afonso. AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus. Aos meus pais, Ambrosina e Afonso, por tudo que fizeram e fazem por mim. Ao meu orientador, Yuri Brunello, pelo carinho, pelas orientações e pela compreensão em todas as etapas da tessitura do trabalho. A Leite Jr. e ao Marcelo Magalhães, participantes da banca de qualificação e da banca examinadora, pela gentileza e pela grande contribuição a este trabalho. Em especial ao Leite Jr., que foi um guia pelos caminhos da Semiótica. Aos colegas de mestrado, pelas conversas na cantina ou na calçada do PPGLetras, pelas parcerias em trabalhos e pelas reflexões, críticas e sugestões recebidas. À Gracielly e a Renato, colegas do mestrado e amigos queridos. À Luciana Bessa, pela parceria em trabalhos e pela conversa poética de sempre. Aos atenciosos Vitor e Diego, pela prestatividade na coordenação do PPGLetras. À Georgia, à Gina e a Jefferson, amigos da graduação em Letras presentes até hoje. À Sandy, amiga e vizinha de infância. Às minhas amigas e aos meus amigos, pela companhia e por darem à palavra amizade um valor imensurável. À família Leite, por acreditar no meu potencial e por estar presente em minha vida. A Carlos, por estar comigo durante essa jornada. Por fim, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da UFC, por me dar a oportunidade de vivenciar a pesquisa acadêmica e por acreditar na minha proposta. “Quantas vezes contamos a história da nossa vida? Quantas vezes nós ajustamos, embelezamos, editamos espertamente? E, quanto mais longa a vida, menos são os que ainda estão por perto para nos contradizer, para nos lembrar que nossa vida não é a nossa vida, mas apenas a história que nós contamos a respeito da nossa vida. Contamos para os outros, mas — principalmente — a nós próprios.” (Julian Barnes, em O sentido de um fim) RESUMO O elo entre literatura e cinema é um fato que pode ser comprovado pelo grande número de obras literárias adaptadas para a sétima arte. Parte de tal relação a motivação para o estudo comparativo aqui desenvolvido, que tem como foco analisar o conto “Memento Mori” (2001), de Jonathan Nolan, e sua adaptação fílmica, Amnésia (2000), tradução brasileira para o título original Memento, dirigido por Christopher Nolan. Tanto no conto quanto no filme, o personagem principal sofre de perda de memória recente e busca vingança pela morte de sua esposa, que teria ocorrido no mesmo ato violento que causou sua incapacidade de registrar novas memórias. O filme ganhou atenção especial da crítica pela forma de narrar atípica, imergindo o espectador no esquecimento do personagem. Tendo como objetivo identificar os elementos de aproximação e distanciamento entre as obras, parte-se da análise do percurso gerativo de sentido, instrumento utilizado pela Semiótica, para identificar elementos nos diferentes níveis de produção de sentido: discursivo, narrativo e fundamental, tanto na obra base quanto na adaptação, com o desígnio de obter dados necessários para refletir sobre como as obras dialogam entre si, no que se refere a aproximações e distanciamentos, e que efeitos de sentido foram produzidos através do arranjo da adaptação. Tempo, memória, identidade, vingança, moralidade e verdade são temas basilares nas duas obras e revelam, na estrutura profunda do conto e do filme, a relação entre natureza e cultura e morte e vida. Após essa análise, parte-se para o estudo sobre a passionalidade, ou estado de alma, empreende-se a análise das paixões presentes nas obras, conto e filme, e suas implicações para o percurso do sujeito. O sentimento de perda e a ira são emoções que deslocam o sujeito e o impulsiona a buscar vingança. A passionalidade funciona como algo que motiva o personagem a viver, mesmo diante de uma deficiência limitadora. Conclui-se que a obra adaptada funciona como um ponto de partida e não como fim e que a tradução produz novos sentidos que resultam, principalmente, da montagem e da inserção de novas informações, personagens e eventos. Em relação ao suporte teórico, o presente estudo se apoia nas discussões semióticas propostas por Greimas e Courtés (2016), Greimas e Fontanille (1993), José Luiz Fiorin (1995;1996) e Diana Luz Pessoa de Barros (2002); na teoria do cinema de André Bazin (2018), Marcel Martin (1990), e Jacques Aumont (1995); e na teoria da adaptação proposta por Linda Hutcheon (2006) e Robert Stam (2006). Palavras-chave: Memento Mori. Memento. Semiótica. Adaptação. Cinema. ABSTRACT The link between literature and cinema is a fact that can be proven by the large number of literary works adapted to the seventh art. This relationship is the motivation for the comparative study developed here, which focuses on analyzing the short story “Memento Mori” (2001), by Jonathan Nolan, and its film adaptation, Amnésia (2000), Brazilian translation for the original title Memento, directed by Christopher Nolan. In the short story as well as in the film, the main character suffers from a recent memory loss and seeks revenge for the death of his wife, which would have occurred in the same violent act that caused his inability to form new memories. The film gained special attention from critics for its atypical narrative, immersing the viewer in the character’s forgetfulness. Aiming to identify the elements of approximation and distance between the works, it starts from the analysis of the generative path, instrument used by Semiotics, to identify elements in the different levels of meaning production: discursive, narrative and fundamental, both in the text and in the adaptation, in order to obtain the necessary data to reflect on how the works dialogue with each other, with regard to approximations and distances, and what effects of meaning were produced by the adaptation arrangement. Time, memory, identity, revenge, morality and truth are basic themes in both works and reveal, in the deep structure of the story and the film, the relationship between nature and culture and death and life. After this analysis, we move on to the study of passionality, or state of soul, the analysis of the passions present in the works, story and film, and their implications for the subject's journey. The feeling of loss and anger are emotions that displace the subject and incite him to seek revenge. Passionality works as something that motivates the character to live, even in the face of a limiting disability. It is concluded that the adapted work functions as a starting point and not as an end and that the translation produces new meanings that result mainly from the assembly and insertion of new information, characters, and events. Concerning theoretical support, the present study is based on the semiotic discussions proposed by Greimas and Courtés (2016), Greimas and Fontanille (1993), José Luiz Fiorin (1995; 1996), and Diana Luz Pessoa de Barros (2002); in the cinema theory of André Bazin (2018), Marcel Martin (1990), and Jacques Aumont (1995); and the adaptation theory proposed by Linda Hutcheon (2006) and Robert Stam (2006). Keywords: Memento Mori. Memento. Semiotics. Adaptation. Cinema. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – Disposição dos actantes no conto. ........................................................................... 41 Figura 2 – Quadrado semiótico que representa a modalidade veridictória. ............................. 43 Figura 3 – Quadrado semiótico da moralidade. ........................................................................ 44 Figura 4 – Percurso juntivo com a vingança. ........................................................................... 45 Figura 5 – Quadrado semiótico sobre a relação entre vida vs. morte. ...................................... 47 Figura 6 – Esquema narrativo do filme Memento.
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