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OCCASION This Publication Has Been Made Available to the Public on The OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. FAIR USE POLICY Any part of this publication may be quoted and referenced for educational and research purposes without additional permission from UNIDO. However, those who make use of quoting and referencing this publication are requested to follow the Fair Use Policy of giving due credit to UNIDO. CONTACT Please contact [email protected] for further information concerning UNIDO publications. For more information about UNIDO, please visit us at www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26026-0 · www.unido.org · [email protected] Sources of Competitiveness in the Automotive Industry of the Republic of Belarus UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Sources of Competitiveness in the Automotive Industry of the Republic of Belarus UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna, 2011 ©2011 UNIDO December 2011 DISCLAIMER ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document has been produced without formal United Mr. Adnan Seric, UNIDO Project Manager, developed the re- Nations editing. search concept and had overall management responsibility for the project. The project report was written by Ms. Bertha The designations employed and the presentation of the Vallejo, UNIDO consultant, with research assistance from material in this document do not imply the expression of Mr. Viacheslav Bakhanovich, UNIDO national expert. any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNI- UNIDO would like to thank counterpart institutions, re- DO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, search collaborators and reviewers as well as support staff city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimi- and colleagues for providing valuable inputs to this pub- tation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic sys- lication. In particular, we would like to thank the Ministry tem or degree of development. Designations such as “de- of Industry and the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of veloped”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended Belarus, Belarusian Chamber of Commerce, Belarusian Na- for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express tional Technical University (BNTU) as well as the automo- a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country tive firms that participated in the surveys. or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorse- UNIDO would also like to particularly acknowledge and ment by UNIDO. thank the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for their interest and financial support. The opinions, figures and estimates set forth are the re- sponsibility of the authors and should not necessarily be Administrative and organizational support has been pro- considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorse- vided by Ms. Camelia Soare, UNIDO project assistant, and ment of UNIDO. UNDP office in Minsk. The English language version of the report has been edited by Shannon Morales and Roger Peniston-Bird. Gregory Fomichev translated the report into Russian language. Comments This project report presents the findings of the prepara- tory assistance phase of the UNIDO project “International Strengthening and Policy Support to Upgrade Component Manufacturers in the Automotive Industry of the Republic of Belarus” based on the work of the Clusters and Business Linkages Unit of the Business, Investment and Technolo- gy Branch of UNIDO. Comments and suggestions on issues raised in this report are welcome and may be addressed to Adnan Seric at [email protected]. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 2. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................................13 2.1 Rationale of the Study ................................................................................................................................13 2.2 Data Collection and Quantitative Analysis ...................................................................................................13 2.3 Limitations of the Study .............................................................................................................................14 3. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS ..........................................................................................15 4. THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY .....................................................................................................................................19 4.1 Automotive Distribution Channels ..............................................................................................................21 4.2 Main Sector Trends ....................................................................................................................................21 4.3 Supply-Driven Factors ............................................................................................................................... 22 4.3.1 Production and Organizational Schemes and Methods ................................................................... 22 4.3.2 Suppliers’ Interaction and Value Chain Integration ......................................................................... 23 4.3.3 Internationalization ...................................................................................................................... 24 4.4 Demand-Driven Factors ............................................................................................................................. 24 4.4.1 Changes in Consumer Requirements ............................................................................................. 24 4.4.2 Price ............................................................................................................................................ 25 4.4.3 Environmental Standards and Regulations..................................................................................... 25 5. THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY: THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS ...................................................................... 27 5.1 Heavy Commercial Vehicle Manufacturing .................................................................................................. 27 5.1.1 MAZ ............................................................................................................................................. 29 5.1.2 MAZ-MAN ..................................................................................................................................... 29 5.1.3 Belarusian Automobile Plant (BELAZ) ............................................................................................ 29 5.2 Bus and Coach Manufacturing ................................................................................................................... 30 5.2.1 MAZ ............................................................................................................................................. 30 5.2.2 Neman ......................................................................................................................................... 30 5.2.3 GAZ Group Activities in the Republic of Belarus .............................................................................. 30 5.3 Agricultural Machinery ...............................................................................................................................31 5.3.1 Minsk Tractor Works (MTZ) .............................................................................................................31 5.3.2 BelAgroMash ................................................................................................................................31 5.4 Automotive Parts and Components ............................................................................................................ 32 6. SUMMARY OF SURVEY FINDINGS .............................................................................................................................. 37 6.1 Ownership Structure ................................................................................................................................. 37 6.2 Employment ............................................................................................................................................
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