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Status of Wine-Grape Vines 2019 Booklet

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Status of Wine-Grape Vines 2019 Booklet Status of Wine-grape Vines as on 31 December 2019 Bonita Floris-Samuels Celeste Small tel: +27 21 807 5711 tel: +27 21 807 5707 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] 1 Statistics i.r.o. South African wine grape vineyards over the past 10 years (2009 – 2019) Contents 1 Overview 3 Figure 1: Global area under vines per country 2001 - 2018 3 Figure 2: Global area under vines, production and consumption 2000 -2019 4 Figure 3: Global regional production 2019 4 Figure 4: Total surface planted to wine grape vineyards in the industry 5 Figure 5: Total area per wine region 2009 - 2019 5 Figure 6: Distribution of wine grape vineyards as a percentage (%) per wine region 2009 and 2019 7 Figure 7: Percentage (%) white and red wine grape vineyard hectares per wine region 2019 8 Figure 8: Percentage (%) white and red wine grape vineyard hectares Industry 2009 - 2019 8 Figure 9: Surface i.r.o. most planted red cultivars in the industry 2009 - 2019 9 Figure 10: Surface i.r.o. most planted white cultivars in the industry 2009 - 2019 9 Figure 11: Plantings and uprooting i.r.o. red and white wine grape vineyards in the industry 2013 - 9 2019 Figure 12: Age distribution of white and red wine grape vineyards 2013 & 2019 10 Figure 13: Age of vines per red cultivar for 2019 11 Figure 14: Age of vines per white cultivar for 2019 11 Figure 15: Age by vines per Breedekloof, Little Karoo, Worcester and Robertson 12 Figure 16: Age by vines per Swartland, Paarl and Stellenbosch 12 Figure 17: Age by vines per Olifants River and Northern Cape 13 Table 1: Global most planted white and red cultivars 4 Table 2: Plantings of selected wine grape cultivars for 2009 and 2019 6 Table 3: Distribution of wine grape vineyard (red & white) per wine region as a percentage (%) and 7 hectares of the total SA wine grape vineyard surface 2009 - 2019 Table 4: Red and white wine grape vineyard distribution per wine region as a percentage (%) of the 7 surface in each wine region 2009 and 2019 Table 5: Surface i.r.o. most planted cultivars in the industry 2009 and 2019 8 Table 6: Age distribution of vines per wine region per cultivar group for 2019 - % (Excluding Sul- 10 tana) Table 7: Replacement per hectares per wine region at an annual rate of 5% - 2019 (Excluding 13 Sultana) 2 Hectares in wine regions according to Wine of Origin Scheme 13 3 Rootstock 14 4 Net change of hectares per wine region 16 5 Irrigation Systems per wine region 17 2 1 Overview The global area under vines is estimated at 7 400 000 hectares. The EU-28 area under vines is estimated at 3.3 million hectares, remaining stable since 2016. Spain with 969 000 hectares leads the pack, followed by France and Italy. Total South African hectares for 2019 stand at 92 067 ha compared to 93 021 ha in 2018. This represents a decrease of 955 ha. Since 2009 a steady decrease totaling 9 192 ha (-9.1%). Cultivars remained relatively constant (Table 2). Chenin blanc and Colombar remain overall the most planted white cultivars, followed by Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz as the most planted red cultivars. For the period 2009 to 2019 the vineyard area as a percentage of the total area increased in Breedekloof and Olifants River regions, while decreasing in the Paarl, Robertson, Swartland, Northern Cape and Little Karoo regions (Table 3). Over the past 10 years there was no significant change in the hectare percentage white and red wine grapes in the various regions (Figure 8). Northern Cape, Olifants River and Swartland regions constitute the largest net decrease in white wine plantings. The largest net negative change in red wine cultivars occurred in the Swartland, Paarl and Robertson regions. About 26% of white cultivars are between 11—15 years and 29% more than 20 years old. 45% of red cultivars are between 16—20 years and 20% more than 20 years old. Regarding individual wine grape cultivars, Chenin blanc represented 18.4% of the total wine surface in 2009, Cabernet Sauvignon 12.3%, Colombar 11.8%, Shiraz 9.9%, Sauvignon blanc 9.3%, Chardonnay 8.2%, Merlot 6.5%, Pinotage 6.0%, followed by the cultivars detailed in Table 5. In 2019 Chenin blanc increased to 18.6%, as well as Sauvignon blanc, Pinotage and Pinot Noir. Colombar, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay and Merlot decreased over this period. Figure 11 and Table 7 gives an overview of the situation with regard to replacement and age distribution. Notwithstanding this picture and under normal climatic conditions, the industry is able to produce large to record crops through improved and adjusted viticultural practices. Ramsey is the only rootstock showing an upward planting trend in most regions, especially in Breedekloof, Olifants River, Robertson and Worcester regions. The most frequent used trellising systems are Perold and Hedge. In 2009 bush vines represented 14.8% of hectares and decreased to 11.2% in 2019. AREA UNDER VINES PER COUNTRY 2001 – 2018 (‘000 ha) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Source: OIV Figure 1 3 Globally, the most planted white cultivars are Airen (Spain), Chardonnay (France, the USA), Sauvignon blanc (France, New Zealand), Trebbiano Toscana (France, Italy), Riesling (Germany) and Rkatsiteli (Georgia, Ukraine). The most planted red cultivars are Cabernet Sauvignon (France, Chile, the USA), Merlot (France), Tempranillo (Spain), Syrah (France, Australia) and Garnacha Tinta (France, Spain). GLOBAL GLOBAL CULTIVAR CULTIVAR 2000 2010 2016 2000 2010 2016 AIREN 387 978 252 364 203 801 CABERNET SAUVIGNON 221 497 284 754 313 655 CHARDONNAY 145 486 199 632 200 148 MERLOT 212 615 267 215 271 879 SAUVIGNON BLANC (BLANC FUME) 65 152 111 549 126 417 TEMPRANILLO (TINTA RORIZ) 92 985 232 544 219 124 TREBBIANO TOSCANA (UGNI BLANC) 137 283 110 787 125 631 SHIRAZ (SYRAH) 101 516 185 196 185 335 RIESLING (+WEISSER) 43 166 49 997 59 777 GRANACHA TINTA 216 340 181 547 156 793 RKATSITELI 67 354 58 641 55 903 PINOT NOIR (BLAUER BURGUNDER) 68 743 98 744 105 724 VIURA (MACABEO) 48 125 40 864 38 892 SANGIOVESE (NIELLUCIO) 68 877 77 810 73 741 CAYETANA BLANCA 55 776 39 781 36 269 BOBAL 100 128 80 120 59 189 CABERNET FRANC 51 930 61 329 57 383 MUSCAT D'ALEXANDRIE (HANEPOOT) 29 613 26 552 34 987 MALBEC (CôT) 24 402 40 663 52 685 MUSCAT BLANC à PETITS GRAINS 29 820 31 213 34 766 MAZUELA (CARIGNAN NOIR, CARINENA) 127 660 75 715 52 630 CHENIN BLANC 45 907 35 315 32 692 MOUVEDRE (MATARO, MONASTRELL) 76 304 69 748 52 554 COLOMBAR 38 632 32 944 31 260 ALICANTE HENRI BOUSCHET 37 043 38 371 36 192 CATARRATTO BIANCO 50 711 34 863 28 601 ZINFANDEL (PRIMITIVO, TRIBIDRAG) 26 915 32 755 33 511 ALIGOTE 35 668 36 120 27 000 MONTEPULCIANO 28 679 34 947 32 914 GRASEVINA 92 306 61 200 24 368 GAMAY NOIR 37 796 31 927 28 560 PALOMINO FINO 30 297 22 645 23 148 CINSAUT 48 422 34 746 26 167 SEMILLON 26 234 22 057 19 183 CARMENERE 5 711 11 389 21 823 GRUNER VELTLINER 23 604 18 849 19 063 DOUCE NOIRE 17 653 18 982 19 103 TREBBIANO ROMAGNOLO 19 492 15 893 19 022 BARBERA 33 048 24 178 17 820 MULLER THURGAU 33 587 22 934 18 752 ISABELLA 27 376 32 494 17 813 VERDELJO (VERDELHO) 4 453 16 578 17 931 BLAUFRANKISCH 13 997 17 888 17 149 PEDRO GIMINEZ 15 101 12 250 15 576 CRIOLLA GRANDE 24 641 17 080 15 596 PINOT BLANC 16 991 14 792 13 783 NERO D'AVOLA 11 318 16 646 14 237 VIOGNIER 3 160 11 847 13 510 Source: Cultivar Compendium 2019 Table 1: Global most planted white and red cultivars GLOBAL AREA UNDER VINES (‘000 ha), PRODUCTION (mhl) & CONSUMPTION (mhl) 8 000 350 7 900 300 7 800 250 7 700 7 600 200 7 500 150 7 400 100 7 300 50 7 200 7 100 0 AREA UNDER VINES PRODUCTION rha CONSUMPTION rha Source: OIV Figure 2 GLOBAL REGIONAL PRODUCTION % Rest of World 5% South Africa 4% Characteristics of the global situation is China 4% about 400 000 hectares less under vines Australasia 7% since 2000, fluctuating production between 279 to 263 mhl and slight increase in con- Argentina / Europe 61% sumption from 2000 onwards reaching an Chile / Brazil 10% estimated 246 mhl in 2019. United States 9% Figure 3 4 SOUTH AFRICA Total surface planted to wine grape vineyards - Industry 102 000 101 259 101 017 100 568 100 099 • 2009 - 100 000 99 689 99 472 9.1.% 2019 98 594 98 000 96 000 95 775 Hectares 94 545 94 000 93 021 92 067 92 000 90 000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Figure 4 TOTAL AREA PER WINE REGION (2009 - 2019) 2009 20000 2010 2011 15000 2012 2013 2014 10000 2015 HECTARES 2016 5000 2017 2018 2019 0 Figure 5 5 NO CULTIVAR 2009 2019 NO CULTIVAR 2009 2019 1 CHENIN BLANC 18 666.85 17 102.81 56 MEUNIER 11.17 15.39 2 COLOMBAR 11 938.53 10 601.36 57 CHAMBOURCIN 0.00 15.39 3 CABERNET SAUVIGNON 12 469.01 10 086.82 58 TINTA AMARELLA 23.85 13.52 4 SAUVIGNON BLANC 9 445.60 9 653.87 59 HARSLEVELU 62.25 13.30 5 SHIRAZ (SYRAH) 10 006.24 9 178.24 60 GRASA DE COTNARI 0.00 13.17 6 CHARDONNAY 8 348.98 6 685.38 61 RAISIN BLANC 73.58 13.07 7 PINOTAGE 6 105.04 6 661.70 62 CARMENERE 0.00 12.17 8 MERLOT 6 588.30 5 371.39 63 VILLARD NOIR 0.00 11.81 9 RUBY CABERNET 2 281.03 2 009.34 64 GRUNER VELTLINER 0.00 10.95 10 CINSAUT 2 135.87 1 658.76 65 PORTSOORTE 3.13 10.46 11 MUSCAT D'ALEXANDRIE 2 263.98 1 605.62 66 GRACIANO 0.00 10.41 12 PINOT NOIR 843.85 1 201.42 67 VIDAL BLANC 0.00 10.27 13 SEMILLON 1 176.45 1 023.41 68 VERMENTINO 0.00 8.81 14 MUSCAT BLANC 684.10 841.25 69 PINOT BLANC 18.46 8.63 15 CABERNET FRANC 957.86 789.30 70 ALICANTE BOUSCHET 12.75 7.96 16 VIOGNIER 894.51 744.18 71 MUSCAT OTTONEL 14.51 7.94 17 PETIT VERDOT 649.75 740.56 72 GAMAY NOIR 19.08 7.92 18 MALBEC 442.76 582.75 73 KANAAN 29.68 6.08 19 MATARO (MOURVEDRE) 373.20 486.71 74 NERO D'AVOLA (CALABRESE) 0.00 5.71 20 GRENACHE (RED) 169.80
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