UNHCR Syria Update on Main Activities
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Policy Notes for the Trump Notes Administration the Washington Institute for Near East Policy ■ 2018 ■ Pn55
TRANSITION 2017 POLICYPOLICY NOTES FOR THE TRUMP NOTES ADMINISTRATION THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ 2018 ■ PN55 TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA AARON Y. ZELIN Tunisia should really open its embassy in Raqqa, not Damascus. That’s where its people are. —ABU KHALED, AN ISLAMIC STATE SPY1 THE PAST FEW YEARS have seen rising interest in foreign fighting as a general phenomenon and in fighters joining jihadist groups in particular. Tunisians figure disproportionately among the foreign jihadist cohort, yet their ubiquity is somewhat confounding. Why Tunisians? This study aims to bring clarity to this question by examining Tunisia’s foreign fighter networks mobilized to Syria and Iraq since 2011, when insurgencies shook those two countries amid the broader Arab Spring uprisings. ©2018 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ NO. 30 ■ JANUARY 2017 AARON Y. ZELIN Along with seeking to determine what motivated Evolution of Tunisian Participation these individuals, it endeavors to reconcile estimated in the Iraq Jihad numbers of Tunisians who actually traveled, who were killed in theater, and who returned home. The find- Although the involvement of Tunisians in foreign jihad ings are based on a wide range of sources in multiple campaigns predates the 2003 Iraq war, that conflict languages as well as data sets created by the author inspired a new generation of recruits whose effects since 2011. Another way of framing the discussion will lasted into the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. center on Tunisians who participated in the jihad fol- These individuals fought in groups such as Abu Musab lowing the 2003 U.S. -
Deir Ez Zor Governorate
“THIS IS MORE THAN VIOLENCE”: AN OVERVIEW OF CHILDREN’S PROTECTION NEEDS IN SYRIA Deir Ez Zor PROTECTION SEVERITY RANKING BY SUB-DISTRICT Severity ranking by sub-districts considered 3 indicators: i) % of IDPs in the population; Kisreh ii) conflict incidents weighted according to Tabni the extent of impact; and Sur iii) population in hard-to-reach communities. Deir-ez-Zor Khasham Basira Deir-ez-Zor Muhasan Thiban Sve anks Al Mayadin Hajin N oblem Ashara oblem Jalaa Moderat oblem Susat Abu Kamal oblem Svere oblem Cri�cal problem Catrastrophic problem POPULATION DATA Number of 0-4 Years 5-14 Years 15-17 Years Locations Total Children % of Children Total Population Communities 136 Overall Population 12% 27% 6% 400K 45% 895K PIN 12% 25% 8% 329K 45% 740K IDP 12% 27% 6% 68K 45% 152K Hard to Reach Locations 135 12% 27% 6% 285K 45% 638K Besieged Locations 0 Military Encircled Locations 1 12% 27% 6% 37K 45% 84K * es�mates to support humanitarian planning processes only SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 131 communities (96%) were assessed in Deir-ez-Zor issue of concern. Adolescent boys (70%) followed by adolescent governorate. girls (8%) were considered most affected child population groups. • In 7 per cent of assessed communities, respondents • In 100 percent of assessed communities respondents reported reported child labour preventing school attendance was that family violence was an issue of concern. Adolescent girls an issue of concern. Both adolescent boys in different age (100%) followed by both girls <12 years and boys <12 years (99%) groups 15-17 and 12-14 years were considered equally were considered the most affected child population groups. -
Syria SITREP Map 07
Syria Situation Report: February 7 - 21, 2018 1a-b February 10: Israel and Iran Initiate Largest Confrontation Over Syria Since 6 February 9 - 15: Turkey Creates Two Additional Observation Points in Idlib Start of the Syrian Civil War: Israel intercepted and destroyed an Iranian drone that violated Province: The Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) established two new observation points near its airspace over the Golan Heights. Israel later conducted airstrikes targeting the drone’s control the towns of Tal Tuqan and Surman in Eastern Idlib Province on February 9 and February vehicle at the T4 Airbase in Eastern Homs Province. Syrian Surface-to-Air Missile Systems (SAMS) 15, respectively. The TSK also reportedly scouted the Taftanaz Airbase north of Idlib City as engaged the returning aircraft and successfully shot down an Israeli F-16 over Northern Israel. The well as the Wadi Deif Military Base near Khan Sheikhoun in Southern Idlib Province. Turkey incident marked the first such combat loss for the Israeli Air Force since the 1982 Lebanon War. established a similar observation post at Al-Eis in Southern Aleppo Province on February 5. Israel in response conducted airstrikes targeting at least a dozen targets near Damascus including The Russian Armed Forces later deployed a contingent of military police to the regime-held at least four military positions operated by Iran in Syria. town of Hadher opposite Al-Eis in Southern Aleppo Province on February 14. 2 February 17 - 20: Pro-Regime Forces Set Qamishli 7 February 18: Ahrar Conditions for Major Offensive in Eastern a-Sham Merges with Key Ghouta: Pro-regime forces intensified a campaign 9 Islamist Group in Northern of airstrikes and artillery shelling targeting the 8 Syria: Salafi-Jihadist group Ahrar opposition-held Eastern Ghouta suburbs of Al-Hasakah a-Sham merged with Islamist group Damascus, killing at least 250 civilians. -
REGIONAL ANALYSIS SYRIA Received Little Or No Humanitarian Assistance in More Than 10 Months
currently estimated to be living in hard to reach or besieged areas, having REGIONAL ANALYSIS SYRIA received little or no humanitarian assistance in more than 10 months. 07 February 2014 Humanitarian conditions in Yarmouk camp continued to worsen with 70 reported deaths in the last 4 months due to the shortage of food and medical supplies. Local negotiations succeeded in facilitating limited amounts of humanitarian Part I – Syria assistance to besieged areas, including Yarmouk, Modamiyet Elsham and Content Part I Barzeh neighbourhoods in Damascus although the aid provided was deeply This Regional Analysis of the Syria conflict (RAS) is an update of the December RAS and seeks to Overview inadequate. How to use the RAS? bring together information from all sources in the The spread of polio remains a major concern. Since first confirmed in October region and provide holistic analysis of the overall Possible developments Syria crisis. In addition, this report highlights the Map - Latest developments 2013, a total of 93 polio cases have been reported; the most recent case in Al key humanitarian developments in 2013. While Key events 2013 Hasakeh in January. In January 2014 1.2 million children across Aleppo, Al Part I focuses on the situation within Syria, Part II Information gaps and data limitations Hasakeh, Ar-Raqqa, Deir-ez-Zor, Hama, Idleb and Lattakia were vaccinated covers the impact of the crisis on neighbouring Operational constraints achieving an estimated 88% coverage. The overall health situation is one of the countries. More information on how to use this Humanitarian profile document can be found on page 2. -
Syrian Army Shows Growing Signs of Strain | the Washington Institute
MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 1835 Syrian Army Shows Growing Signs of Strain by Jeffrey White Aug 1, 2011 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Jeffrey White Jeffrey White is an adjunct defense fellow at The Washington Institute, specializing in the military and security affairs of the Levant and Iran. Brief Analysis Although the Syrian army has shown signs of fraying for some time, the potential for more serious fissures is beginning to emerge. s Ramadan commences, the Syrian government is stepping up efforts to suppress unrest, with special A emphasis on the cities of Hama and Dayr al-Zawr. The regime has faced serious challenges in these areas and reportedly killed tens of people there during operations over the weekend and into today. These and other ongoing internal security efforts are placing serious strain on its forces, particularly the army. Regime Response T he government's response to the demonstrations since March has involved isolating areas of disturbance; arresting protestors, movement leaders, and uninvolved civilians; terrorizing the population with "disappearances" and shootings; conducting raids against centers of resistance; and, when these measures have proven insufficient, carrying out assaults with tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, and helicopters. At the core of these tactics has been a willingness to use major violence against largely peaceful and unarmed demonstrators. This weekend's operations in Hama and Dayr al-Zawr are typical of this pattern. Yet the demonstrations are widespread, persistent, and growing in size, forcing the regime to conduct a "360 degree defense." No area of the country seems secure except perhaps the Alawi heartland in the northwest. -
Weekly Conflict Summary | 3 – 9 June 2019
WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY | 3 – 9 JUNE 2019 WHOLE OF SYRIA SUMMARY • NORTHWEST | Government forces made advances in the southwest corner of the Hayyat Tahrir ash Sham (HTS)-dominated Idleb pocket. HTS and other opposition groups conducted a counter attack focused on Tal Mallah. Attacks were also recorded in the Turkish-controlled Euphrates Shield and Olive Branch Areas. • SOUTH & CENTRAL | In addition to low-level attacks against government- aligned personnel in the south, ISIS claimed to have conducted an attack on the Nimr – Gherbet Khazalah Road this week, the first since 2018. ISIS activity against government patrols was also recorded in central areas of the country. In Rastan town, in northern Homs Governorate, anti- government graffiti appeared. • NORTHEAST | Routine small arms fire and improvised explosive device (IED) activity against Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and their allies continued despite large-scale security operations in previous weeks. Further north, an IED attack occurred in Hassakeh City. Figure 1: Dominant Actors’ Area of Control and Influence in Syria as of 9 June 2019. NSOAG stands for Non-state Organized Armed Groups. For more explanation on our mapping, please see the footnote on page 2. Page 1 of 7 WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY | 3 – 9 JUNE 2019 NORTHWEST SYRIA1 This week, Government of Syria (GOS) forces made advances in the southwest corner of the Hayyat Tahrir ash Sham (HTS)-dominated Idleb enclave. On 3 June, GOS Tiger Forces captured al Qasabieyh town to the north of Kafr Nabuda, before turning west and taking Qurutiyah village a day later. Currently, fighting is concentrated around Qirouta village. However, late on 5 June, HTS and the Turkish-Backed National Liberation Front (NLF) launched a major counter offensive south of Kurnaz town after an IED detonated at a fortified government location. -
Monthly Every 2 Months Yearly
Syrian Arab Republic: Coverage of Main Multisectoral Assessments and Timeline (April 2015) Al-Malikeyyeh Al-Malikeyyeh Turkey Turkey Quamishli Quamishli Jarablus Jarablus Ras Al Ain Ras Al Ain Afrin Ain Al Arab Afrin Ain Al Arab Azaz Tell Abiad Azaz Tell Abiad Al-Hasakeh Al Bab Al-Hasakeh Al Bab Al-Hasakeh Al-Hasakeh Harim Harim Jebel Saman Ar-Raqqa Jebel Saman Ar-Raqqa Menbij Menbij Aleppo Aleppo Ar-Raqqa Idleb Ar-Raqqa Idleb Jisr-Ash-Shugur Jisr-Ash-Shugur As-Safira Ariha As-Safira Lattakia Ariha Ath-Thawrah Lattakia Ath-Thawrah Al-Haffa Idleb Al-Haffa Idleb Deir-ez-Zor Al Mara Deir-ez-Zor Al-Qardaha Al Mara Al-Qardaha As-Suqaylabiyah Deir-ez-Zor Lattakia As-Suqaylabiyah Deir-ez-Zor Lattakia Jablah Jablah Muhradah Muhradah As-Salamiyeh As-Salamiyeh Hama Hama Banyas Banyas Hama Sheikh Badr Masyaf Hama Sheikh Badr Masyaf Tartous Tartous Dreikish Al Mayadin Dreikish Ar-Rastan Al Mayadin Ar-Rastan Tartous TartousSafita Al Makhrim Safita Al Makhrim Tall Kalakh Tall Kalakh Homs Syrian Arab Republic Homs Syrian Arab Republic Al-Qusayr Al-Qusayr Abu Kamal Abu Kamal Tadmor Tadmor Homs Homs Lebanon Lebanon An Nabk An Nabk Yabroud Yabroud Al Qutayfah Al Qutayfah Az-Zabdani Az-Zabdani At Tall At Tall Rural Damascus Rural Damascus Rural Damascus Rural Damascus Damascus Damascus Darayya Darayya Duma Duma Qatana Qatana Rural Damascus Rural Damascus IraqIraq IraqIraq Quneitra As-Sanamayn Quneitra As-Sanamayn Dar'a Quneitra Dar'a Quneitra Shahba Shahba Al Fiq Izra Al Fiq Izra As-Sweida As-Sweida As-Sweida As-Sweida Dara Jordan AREA OF ORIGIN Dara Jordan -
COVID-19 Rapid Assessment Government of Syria Controlled Areas
Humanitarian Needs GOS 31 March, 2020 Assessment Programme COVID-19 Rapid Assessment Government of Syria Controlled Areas This report provides an overview of the response to the COVID-19 virus in GoS controlled areas. Data collection was undertaken at the sub-district level on Saturday 28 and Sunday 29 March 2020, via face-to-face key informant interviews. Mitigation Measures TURKEY No Yes Additional hand washing facilities in the camps / collective shelters 194 Menbij Nabul Al Bab Closure of public spaces Haritan 19 175 Rasm Haram El-Imam Jebel Saman Eastern Kwaires Dayr Hafir As-Safira ZarbahHadher Maskana Banan Communication on COVID-19 risk 6 188 Kasab Hajeb Saraqab Al-Khafsa Qastal MaafRabee'a Abul ThohurTall Ed-daman Maadan Kansaba Ziyara Ein El-Bayda Ma'arrat An Nu'man Khanaser Sabka Al-HaffaSalanfa Mansura Lattakia Kafr Nobol Sanjar Mzair'a Heish Tabni Disinfection campaign 68 126 Hanadi Shat-ha Madiq Castle FakhuraAl-Qardaha Tamanaah Khan Shaykun Hamra As-Suqaylabiyah IRAQ Jablah Kafr Zeita As-Saan Suran Qteilbiyyeh Tell Salhib Deir-ez-Zor Khasham Dalyeh Muhradah Anaza Jeb Ramleh Banyas Saboura Distribution of soap/disinfectant 189 5 Qadmous Hama Oqeirbat Rawda Masyaf As-Salamiyeh Muhasan Sheikh Badr Soda Khawabi Ein Halaqim Harbanifse Eastern Bari Sibbeh Oj Ar-Rastan Tartous Dreikish Talbiseh Al Mayadin Arwad HawashQabu Taldu Safita Ein Elniser Jeb Ej-Jarrah Kherbet Elma'aza Nasra Shin Al Makhrim Ashara Health screening for new IDPs 191 3 HameidiyyehSafsafa Homs SisniyyehTall KalakhHadideh Sokhneh Kherbet Tin Noor Jalaa Kareemeh -
UK Home Office
Country Policy and Information Note Syria: the Syrian Civil War Version 4.0 August 2020 Preface Purpose This note provides country of origin information (COI) and analysis of COI for use by Home Office decision makers handling particular types of protection and human rights claims (as set out in the Introduction section). It is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of a particular subject or theme. It is split into two main sections: (1) analysis and assessment of COI and other evidence; and (2) COI. These are explained in more detail below. Assessment This section analyses the evidence relevant to this note – i.e. the COI section; refugee/human rights laws and policies; and applicable caselaw – by describing this and its inter-relationships, and provides an assessment of, in general, whether one or more of the following applies: x A person is reasonably likely to face a real risk of persecution or serious harm x The general humanitarian situation is so severe as to breach Article 15(b) of European Council Directive 2004/83/EC (the Qualification Directive) / Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights as transposed in paragraph 339C and 339CA(iii) of the Immigration Rules x The security situation presents a real risk to a civilian’s life or person such that it would breach Article 15(c) of the Qualification Directive as transposed in paragraph 339C and 339CA(iv) of the Immigration Rules x A person is able to obtain protection from the state (or quasi state bodies) x A person is reasonably able to relocate within a country or territory x A claim is likely to justify granting asylum, humanitarian protection or other form of leave, and x If a claim is refused, it is likely or unlikely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under section 94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. -
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Syria Situation Report: March 22 - April 19, 2021 1 Mar. 27-Apr. 12: The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) escalate operations to secure prisons and 6 Apr. 11: Russian-backed Syrian Arab Army (SAA) 5th Corps establishes camps in northeastern Syria and preempt an ISIS break-out attempt during Ramadan, April new military base and helipad in Ma’adan. The SAA 5th Corps previously construct- 12-May 12. The SDF conducted the “Humanitarian and Security Operation” in the al Hawl displaced persons camp ed a helipad near Ma’adan, Deir ez-Zour Province, in August 2020. Russian officers, from March 27-April 12, arresting at least 150 ISIS affiliates and raiding several ISIS cells responsible for the string members of the SAA 5th Corps, and local officials met on April 10 to discuss the potential of assassinations in the camp in early 2021. The SDF also transferred tens of detainees out of the overcrowded of establishing another military base in Tibni, about 15 miles southeast of Ma’adan, to Ghuwayran detention center in Hasakah City to smaller detention centers in Shaddadi and at the al Omar gas field, expand Russian-backed National Defense Force control in northwest Deir Ez-Zour. Deir ez-Zour Province, throughout March and early April. ISIS reportedly broke 11 detainees out of the SDF-affiliat- Russian-backed units will likely use their base at Ma’adan to expand the range of their ed prison in al Suwar, Deir ez-Zour Province, on March 22. ISIS also tried and failed to break detainees out of the rotary-wing aircraft during counter-ISIS operations in the Central Syrian Desert, where Kabiba detention center in Deir ez-Zour Province on April 6 and April 12. -
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Deprivatio of Existence The use of Disguised Legalization as a Policy to Seize Property by Successive Governments of Syria A special report sheds light on discrimination projects aiming at radical demographic changes in areas historically populated by Kurds Acknowledgment and Gratitude The present report is the result of a joint cooperation that extended from 2018’s second half until August 2020, and it could not have been produced without the invaluable assistance of witnesses and victims who had the courage to provide us with official doc- uments proving ownership of their seized property. This report is to be added to researches, books, articles and efforts made to address the subject therein over the past decades, by Syrian/Kurdish human rights organizations, Deprivatio of Existence individuals, male and female researchers and parties of the Kurdish movement in Syria. Syrians for Truth and Justice (STJ) would like to thank all researchers who contributed to documenting and recording testimonies together with the editors who worked hard to produce this first edition, which is open for amendments and updates if new credible information is made available. To give feedback or send corrections or any additional documents supporting any part of this report, please contact us on [email protected] About Syrians for Truth and Justice (STJ) STJ started as a humble project to tell the stories of Syrians experiencing enforced disap- pearances and torture, it grew into an established organization committed to unveiling human rights violations of all sorts committed by all parties to the conflict. Convinced that the diversity that has historically defined Syria is a wealth, our team of researchers and volunteers works with dedication at uncovering human rights violations committed in Syria, regardless of their perpetrator and victims, in order to promote inclusiveness and ensure that all Syrians are represented, and their rights fulfilled. -
68%Educationfood As a Top 3 Priority
SYRIASYRIA 615 of524 1630 of 776assessed assessed ♍ ♍ communitiescommunities reported reported ☇☄ PriorityPriority Need:Need: FoodEducation Shelter - January - March 20192018 38%68%educationfood as a top 3 priority Kms ² 0 20 40 60 TURKEY AL-HASAKEH ALEPPO AR-RAQQA IDLEB HAMA DEIR-EZ-ZOR IRAQ HOMS Percent of assessed communities in sub-district reporting education as top 3 priority need RURAL 0% 0-25%DAMASCUS 26-50% 51-75% 76%-100% DAMASCUS Not assessed Assessed communities by sub-district reporting education in top 3 priority needs GovernorateSub-District Education GovernorateSub-District Education GovernorateSub-District Education GovernorateSub-District Education Al-HasakehAl-Hasakeh 6/9 Aleppo Hadher 0/1 Deir-ez-Zor Basira 2/14 Idleb Armanaz 6/14 Al-HasakehAl-Malikeyyeh 19/34 Aleppo Haritan 8/8 Deir-ez-Zor Deir-ez-Zor 5/17 Idleb Badama 2/10 Al-HasakehAmuda 10/18 Aleppo Jandairis 18/44 Deir-ez-Zor Hajin 1/4 Idleb Bennsh 0/4 Al-HasakehAreesheh 3/12 Aleppo Jarablus 11/35 Deir-ez-Zor Khasham 2/8 Idleb Dana 0/20 Al-HasakehBe'r Al-Hulo Al-Wardeyyeh7/9 Aleppo Ma'btali 25/25 Deir-ez-Zor Kisreh 14/19 Idleb Darkosh 13/26 Al-HasakehDarbasiyah 5/11 Aleppo Mare' 1/6 Deir-ez-Zor Muhasan 0/6 Idleb Ehsem 0/19 Al-HasakehHole 0/1 Aleppo Menbij 15/35 Deir-ez-Zor Sur 1/15 Idleb Harim 1/5 Al-HasakehJawadiyah 10/15 Aleppo Nabul 1/1 Deir-ez-Zor Tabni 0/10 Idleb Heish 2/18 Al-HasakehMarkada 5/11 Aleppo Raju 11/50 Deir-ez-Zor Thiban 0/11 Idleb Idleb 6/15 Al-HasakehQahtaniyyeh 15/19 Aleppo Sarin 2/4 Hama As-Salamiyeh 0/1 Idleb Janudiyeh 3/14 Al-HasakehQuamishli