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Os Faiais De Galicia. Ecoloxía E Valor Ambiental. Anexos

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Os Faiais De Galicia. Ecoloxía E Valor Ambiental. Anexos Manuel Antonio RodríguezGuitián Antonio Rigueiro Rodríguez (coordinadores) Os faiais de Galicia Ecoloxía e valor ambiental Os faiais de Galicia Ecoloxía e valor ambiental Manuel Antonio Rodríguez Guitián Antonio Rigueiro Rodríguez (coordinadores) 2011 Os faiais de Galicia Ecoloxía e valor ambiental Manuel Antonio Rodríguez Guitián Antonio Rigueiro Rodríguez (coordinadores) A efectos bibliográficos a obra debe citarse: Obra completa: Rodríguez Guitián, M.A. & Rigueiro Rodríguez, A. (Coords.) (2011): Os faiais de Galicia: ecoloxía e valor ambiental. Horreum-Ibader. Lugo. 666pp. Capítulo concreto: Rigueiro Rodríguez, A. & Fernández Núñez, E. (2011): Importancia ambiental e social da faia en Europa. En: M.A. Rodríguez Guitián & A. Rigueiro Rodríguez (Coords.) (2011): Os faiais de Galicia: ecoloxía e valor ambiental: 1-9. Horreum-Ibader. Lugo. Esta obra dixital foi realizada pola Asociación Científica Horreum coa colaboración do IBADER e a Consellería do Medio Rural da Xunta de Galicia. Depósito Legal: C 2911-2011 ISBN: 978-84-939661-0-2 Edita: Horreum en colaboaración con IBADER ANO INTERNACIONAL DOS BOSQUES - 2011 © HORREUM 2011 A totalidade dos textos, gráficos e imaxes publicadas nesta obra están protexidos por copyright. Queda prohibida a reprodución total ou parcial por calquera medio gráfico ou electrónico do contido da obra, sen a autorización escrita dos titulares do copyright Limiar O traballo que aquí se presenta reúne os resultados obtidos por un amplo grupo de investigadores galegos ao longo de máis de dez anos de traballo orientado ao estudo e caracterización dos bosques dominados por Fagus sylvatica no extremo occidental das montañas cantábricas, nomeadamente daqueles situados dentro do territorio administrativo de Galicia. O xérmolo destes estudos foi un proxecto de investigación financiado pola Xunta de Galicia (XUGA29102B98) cuxo obxectivo foi establecer as causas que xustifican a distribución actual deste tipo de bosques na área xeográfica sinalada, así como determinar o grao de influencia que a actividade humana tiña na configuración das súas actuais características ecolóxicas. Aos resultados destas investigacións uníronse datos de diversa índole recabados por outros autores no desenvolvemento da súa actividade investigadora que, se ben non estaba centrada específicamente no estudo dos faiais, contribuíu a aportar información moi útil para a comprensión do valor ambiental e funcionamento deste tipo de bosques. Moitos destes datos e dos resultados obtidos no devandito proxecto foron presentados en numerosas reunións científicas dentro e fóra de España e publicados en revistas especializadas de nivel nacional e internacional, a maior parte deses traballos figuran nos respectivos apartados de “Referencias bibliográficas”. Na nosa opinión, esta obra constitúe o maior exemplo de esforzo colectivo de achega de información no plano científico-técnico realizado ata o de agora acerca dun tipo de formación forestal presente no territorio galego. Aínda sendo conscientes das eivas que poda conter, esperamos que sirva de estímulo para que este tipo de traballos se poda xeralizar, nun futuro non moi lonxano, a outros ámbitos do medio natural do noso entorno, tan próximo a nós no senso físico, pero tan alonxado en canto ao nivel de coñecemento que del posuímos en moitos casos. Na medida do posible, os coordenadores desta obra puxemos especial empeño en que a información aportada nos diferentes capítulos que a compoñen fose o máis accesible posible aos seus potenciais lectores, sen menoscabo de manter o rigor e o valor científico dos datos aportados. Esperamos que tanto especialistas nos temas que se abordan como estudantes universitarios, profesores de ensino medio, xestores do medio forestal, particulares propietarios dos terreos nos que se asentan estes bosques, persoas encargadas da divulgación dos valores naturais ou simplemente amantes do medio ambiente en xeral, poidan atopar información útil para o desenvolvemento das súas actividades profesionais ou para o seu disfrute persoal. iii Os faiais estudados son formacións forestais singulares no noso territorio e as representacións máis occidentais deste tipo de bosques na súa área de distribución en Europa. Garantir o seu mantemento é unha obriga moral de todos nós. Lograr que nos sobrevivan e perduren para as vindeiras xeracións, un reto a conquerir. Agardamos que a achega de información que aquí se fai contribúa a avanzar neste labor común. Manuel Antonio Rodríguez Guitián & Antonio Rigueiro Rodríguez. Coordinadores. Setembro 2011 iv Agradecementos En nome dos autores dos capítulos que conforman esta obra, os coordenadores queren dar as grazas á Consellería do Medio Rural da Xunta de Galicia, e especialmente á Dirección Xeral de Conservación da Natureza, pola acollida favorable que deron a este proxecto e por facerse cargo da súa publicación. Do mesmo xeito, procede agradecer a axuda prestada por todas aquelas persoas que teñen colaborado en diferentes traballos relacionados coa presente obra. Sen a súa adicación e esforzo, non tería sido recollida moita da información contida nos diferentes capítulos que a conforman. Vaia para todas elas o noso recoñecemento. Dun xeito especial, queremos dar as grazas a Eduardo Olano Gurriarán, Juan José Villarino Urtiaga, Roque Julio Rodríguez Soalleiro e Froilán Sevilla Martínez pola información proporcionada acerca de plantacións forestais de faia de diversas áreas montañosas de Galicia e León. A participación de José Luís Barreiro, Ruth María Barros Camba, Adolfo Blanco de la Parte, José Manuel Blanco López, Pilar González Hernández, Tamara Marta González Vecín, Santiago Grandas, Gabriel Lijó Pose, Felipe López, Natalia López López, Alberto Mayo, Gumersindo Monteagudo, Luís Penín Franco, Javier Pereira-Espinel Plata, Mónica Rodríguez Freire, Manuel Rodríguez Romero, Jorge Sierra Lobato, Julio Torre Rodríguez e Claudio Policarpio Val Árias foi fundamental durante a realización de diferentes traballos de campo. Ruth M. Barros Camba, María Jesús Vázquez Celeiros e Susana Dopico Fernández realizaron as determinacións analíticas de máis de 300 mostras de solos. As ilustracións desta obra non poderían ser as que son sen o deseño gráfico de Luís Gómez-Orellana e a desinteresada aportación de fotografías que realizaron un longo número de persoas, dende lugares tan distantes como Cataluña, Alemaña ou Nova Zelandia. María Lidia Hance posibilitou o achegamento entre Galicia e as nosas antípodas. Por desgraza, algunha xente que compartíu esforzos connosco (Ramón García Arias) ou que nos achegou o seu saber sobre as técnicas do carboneo (Manuel Osorio Telo) xa non están connosco. Este traballo, tamén é seu traballo e unha homenaxe para eles. v Os faiais de Galicia. Ecoloxía e valor ambiental Índice Limiar........................................................................................................................................................ iii Agradecementos...................................................................................................................................... v Índice xeral. ............................................................................................................................................. vii Índice de autores dos textos. ............................................................................................................... ix Índice de autores das fotografías. ........................................................................................................ xi Sección I: Contextualización dos faiais galegos no ámbito europeo 1. Importancia ambiental e social de Fagus sylvatica en Europa. ……….....................….............. 1 2. Orixe e dinámica paleoecolóxica dos faiais. ……………………...................………............. 11 3. Caracterización botánica, ecoloxía e distribución de Fagus sylvatica. …..................................... 65 Sección II: Caracterización ambiental 4. Ambiente fisiográfico, litolóxico e climático. ................................................................................ 105 5. Solos e nutrición forestal. ................................................................................................................. 129 Sección III: Diversidade biolóxica dos faiais galegos 6. Liques dos faiais. ................................................................................................................................ 161 7. Briófitos dos faiais. ............................................................................................................................ 173 8. Macromicetes dos faiais. ................................................................................................................... 185 9. Flora vascular. ………………………………..........…………................................................. 199 10. Invertebrados. ……………………………………….........…………….............………... 225 11. Vertebrados. …………………………………………………….......................................... 255 12. Fitosocioloxía dos faiais e outras comunidades con Fagus sylvatica. ......................................... 281 13. Aspectos funcionais dos faiais. ………………………….........……................………........ 347 Sección IV: Estado forestal 14. Aneis de crecemento e dendrocronoloxía dos faiais. …….....................……......................... 373 15. Dasometría e calidade de estación. ............................................................................................... 391 16. Estado fitosanitario. .......................................................................................................................
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