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Extensive Interest in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technologies
Institute for Science and International Security ISIS REPORT March 19, 2012 Department 70 and the Physics Research Center: Extensive Interest in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technologies By David Albright, Paul Brannan, Mark Gorwitz, and Andrew Ortendahl On February 23, 2012, ISIS released the report, The Physics Research Center and Iran’s Parallel Military Nuclear Program, in which ISIS evaluated a set of 1,600 telexes outlining a set of departments or buying centers of the former Physics Research Center (PHRC). These departments appeared to be purchasing a variety of goods for specific nuclear technologies, including gas centrifuges, uranium conversion, uranium exploration and perhaps mining, and heavy water production. Figure 1 is a list of the purposes of these departments. The telexes are evaluated in more depth in the February 23, 2012 ISIS report and support that, contrary to Iran’s statements to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the PHRC ran a parallel military nuclear program in the 1990s. In the telexes, ISIS identified a department called Department 70 that is linked to the PHRC. This department tried to procure or obtained technical publications and reports from a document center, relevant know-how from suppliers, catalogues from suppliers about particular goods, and a mini- computer from the Digital Equipment Corporation. Department 70 appears to have had personnel highly knowledgeable about the existing literature on a variety of fuel cycle technologies, particularly gas centrifuges. Orders to a British document center reveal many technical publications about gas centrifuges, atomic laser isotope enrichment, the production of uranium compounds including uranium tetrafluoride and uranium hexafluoride (and precursors such as hydrofluoric acid), nuclear grade graphite, and the production of heavy water. -
THE NETHERLANDS and Literature Survey
Muslims in the EU: Cities Report Preliminary research report THE NETHERLANDS and literature survey 2007 Researchers: Froukje Demant (MA), Marcel Maussen (MA), Prof. Dr. Jan Rath Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies (IMES) Open Society Institute Muslims in the EU - Cities Report EU Monitoring and Advocacy Program The Netherlands Table of contents Background............................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 6 Part I: Research and literature on Muslims .......................................................................... 9 1. Population ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 A note on the terminology and statistics ...................................................................... 9 1.2 Patterns of immigration.............................................................................................. 10 1.3 Citizenship.................................................................................................................. 13 2. Identity and religiosity................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Religosity.................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Radicalisation of Muslim young -
Corruption and Nuclear Proliferation
Corruption, Global Security, and World Order Robert I. Rotberg Published by Brookings Institution Press Rotberg, I.. Corruption, Global Security, and World Order. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2009. Project MUSE., https://muse.jhu.edu/. For additional information about this book https://muse.jhu.edu/book/29191 Access provided by Harvard University (30 Jul 2018 16:54 GMT) 06 0328-0 ch6.qxd 7/15/09 3:48 PM Page 124 matthew bunn 6 Corruption and Nuclear Proliferation Corruption is a critical, under-recognized contributor to nuclear proliferation. With the possible exception of North Korea, corruption was a central enabling factor in all of the nuclear weapons programs of both states and terrorist groups in the past two decades. Indeed, corruption is likely to be essential to most cases of nuclear proliferation. Unless a state or group can get all the materials and technology needed for its nuclear weapons pro- gram from some combination of its own indigenous resources; outside sources motivated only by a desire to help that nuclear program; or outside sources genuinely fooled into providing technology that they believe is for another purpose, illicit contributions from foreign sources motivated by cash will be central to a nuclear program’s success. New steps to combat corruption in the nuclear sector, and in security, law enforcement, and bor- der control agencies that are responsible for preventing nuclear theft, tech- nology leakage, and smuggling are essential to strengthen the global non- proliferation regime. Of course, since corruption and proliferation are both secret activities, no precise measure of the frequency of proliferation-related corruption is avail- able. -
Current & Future Uranium Enrichment Technologies
The History of the Gas Centrifuge and Its Role in Nuclear Proliferation Houston Wood, Professor Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia Presented at Wilson Center Washington, D.C. January 20, 2010 Early Days • Isotopes were discovered in early 1900’s. • Centrifuge separation of isotopes first suggested by Lindemann and Aston (1919) • Chapman, Mulliken, Harkens and others tried unsuccessful experiments. • First successful experiments at UVA in 1934 by Prof. Jesse Beams with isotopes of Chlorine. • Attempts to use centrifuges in Manhattan project were unsuccessful. 20 January 2010 Houston Wood Professor Jesse W. Beams University of Virginia 1898 - 1977 20 January 2010 Houston Wood Early Days at UVA • Work on centrifuges during Manhattan project had a number of failures. • Project was terminated. • Concern over potential competition from German centrifuges led AEC to restart work at UVA in 1955 under guidance of A.R. Kulthau. 20 January 2010 Houston Wood Meanwhile in Europe • German research was being led by Konrad Beyerle in Göttingen and Wilhelm Groth at University of Bonn • Research in the Netherlands was being directed by Jacob Kistemaker. 20 January 2010 Houston Wood USSR • At the end of WWII, Soviets took many POWs from Germany. • They started effort to develop nuclear weapons. • Organization at Sinop: – Von Ardenne – Electromagnetic Separation – Thiessen – Gaseous Diffusion – Steenbeck Group – Included Centrifuge 20 January 2010 Houston Wood USSR (cont’d) • Competition between gaseous diffusion and gas centrifuge. • Reputed problems with GD enriching to weapons grade level. • Centrifuge considered for “topping off.” • Competition for long rotor vs. short rotor. • Steenbeck group transferred from Sinop to Kirov plant in Leningrad (~1951). -
Annex 2018 T.M.C
Research output and Asser Press publications Annex 2018 T.M.C. Annual Report 2018 | Annex 1: Research Output 1 1. Research Output 1.1 Publications 1.1.1 Articles Elazar-De Mota, Y. Belavusau, U. Elazar-De Mota, Y. ‘Slave trade, slavery and the law / legal developments and justifications’, Gids Belavusau, U. Slavernijverleden Nederland / Netherlands ‘Coming up Short: Police-Women and Slavery Heritage Guide. LM Publishers Indirect Height Discrimination in EU Law’, (2018): 80-81. 4(2-3), International Labour Rights Case Law (2018): 218-222. Gordon, G. Belavusau, U. & Wójcik, A. ‘La criminalisation de l’expression historique Gordon, G. en Pologne: la loi mémorielle de 2018’, 40 ‘Imperial Standard Time’, 29(4) European Archives de politique criminelle (2018): 175- Journal of International Law (2018): 1197- 188. 1222. Boutin, B. Hirsch Ballin, E.M.H. Boutin, B. Hirsch Ballin, E.M.H. ‘Responsibility in Connection with the ‘De betekenis van het Nieuw BW in de Conduct of Military Partners’, 56(1) The Nederlandse rechtsstaat’, 8(25) Nederlands Military Law and the Law of War Review Juristenblad (2018): 1779-1782. (2017-2018): 2-19. Hirsch Ballin, E.M.H. ‘De talen van Europa’, 2 Christen Duval, A. Democratische Verkenningen, (2018): 27- 32. Duval, A. ‘The Olympic Charter: A Transnational Constitution Without a State?’, 45(1) Journal of Law and Society (2018): 245-269. Duval A. ‘Publish (Tweets and Blogs) or Perish? Legal Academia in Times of Social Media’, (2018) 23(1) Tilburg Law Review: 91-108. T.M.C. Annual Report 2018 | Annex 1: Research Output 2 Lazic, V. Stolk, S. -
Imports-Exports Enterprise’: Understanding the Nature of the A.Q
Not a ‘Wal-Mart’, but an ‘Imports-Exports Enterprise’: Understanding the Nature of the A.Q. Khan Network Strategic Insights , Volume VI, Issue 5 (August 2007) by Bruno Tertrais Strategic Insights is a bi-monthly electronic journal produced by the Center for Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. The views expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of NPS, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Introduction Much has been written about the A.Q. Khan network since the Libyan “coming out” of December 2003. However, most analysts have focused on the exports made by Pakistan without attempting to relate them to Pakistani imports. To understand the very nature of the network, it is necessary to go back to its “roots,” that is, the beginnings of the Pakistani nuclear program in the early 1970s, and then to the transformation of the network during the early 1980s. Only then does it appear clearly that the comparison to a “Wal-Mart” (the famous expression used by IAEA Director General Mohammed El-Baradei) is not an appropriate description. The Khan network was in fact a privatized subsidiary of a larger, State-based network originally dedicated to the Pakistani nuclear program. It would be much better characterized as an “imports-exports enterprise.” I. Creating the Network: Pakistani Nuclear Imports Pakistan originally developed its nuclear complex out in the open, through major State-approved contracts. Reprocessing technology was sought even before the launching of the military program: in 1971, an experimental facility was sold by British Nuclear Fuels Ltd (BNFL) in 1971. -
1. Debbie Abrahams, Labour Party, United Kingdom 2
1. Debbie Abrahams, Labour Party, United Kingdom 2. Malik Ben Achour, PS, Belgium 3. Tina Acketoft, Liberal Party, Sweden 4. Senator Fatima Ahallouch, PS, Belgium 5. Lord Nazir Ahmed, Non-affiliated, United Kingdom 6. Senator Alberto Airola, M5S, Italy 7. Hussein al-Taee, Social Democratic Party, Finland 8. Éric Alauzet, La République en Marche, France 9. Patricia Blanquer Alcaraz, Socialist Party, Spain 10. Lord John Alderdice, Liberal Democrats, United Kingdom 11. Felipe Jesús Sicilia Alférez, Socialist Party, Spain 12. Senator Alessandro Alfieri, PD, Italy 13. François Alfonsi, Greens/EFA, European Parliament (France) 14. Amira Mohamed Ali, Chairperson of the Parliamentary Group, Die Linke, Germany 15. Rushanara Ali, Labour Party, United Kingdom 16. Tahir Ali, Labour Party, United Kingdom 17. Mahir Alkaya, Spokesperson for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation, Socialist Party, the Netherlands 18. Senator Josefina Bueno Alonso, Socialist Party, Spain 19. Lord David Alton of Liverpool, Crossbench, United Kingdom 20. Patxi López Álvarez, Socialist Party, Spain 21. Nacho Sánchez Amor, S&D, European Parliament (Spain) 22. Luise Amtsberg, Green Party, Germany 23. Senator Bert Anciaux, sp.a, Belgium 24. Rt Hon Michael Ancram, the Marquess of Lothian, Former Chairman of the Conservative Party, Conservative Party, United Kingdom 25. Karin Andersen, Socialist Left Party, Norway 26. Kirsten Normann Andersen, Socialist People’s Party (SF), Denmark 27. Theresa Berg Andersen, Socialist People’s Party (SF), Denmark 28. Rasmus Andresen, Greens/EFA, European Parliament (Germany) 29. Lord David Anderson of Ipswich QC, Crossbench, United Kingdom 30. Barry Andrews, Renew Europe, European Parliament (Ireland) 31. Chris Andrews, Sinn Féin, Ireland 32. Eric Andrieu, S&D, European Parliament (France) 33. -
Gas Centrifuge Technology: Proliferation Concerns and International Safeguards Brian D
Gas Centrifuge Technology: Proliferation Concerns and International Safeguards Brian D. Boyer Los Alamos National Laboratory Trinity Section American Nuclear Society Santa Fe, NM November 7, 2014 Acknowledgment to M. Rosenthal (BNL), J.M. Whitaker (ORNL), H. Wood (UVA), O. Heinonen (Harvard Belfer School), B. Bush (IAEA-Ret.), C. Bathke (LANL) for sources of ideas, information, and knowledge UNCLASSIFIED Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA Enrichment / Proliferation / Safeguards . Enrichment technology – The centrifuge story . Proliferation of technology – Global Networks . IAEA Safeguards – The NPT Bargain Enrichment Proliferation Safeguards U.S. DOE Centrifuges – DOE / Pres. George W. Bush at ORNL B. Boyer and K. Akilimali - IAEA Zippe Centrifuge – Deutsches Museum (Munich) briefed on seized Libyan nuclear Safeguards Verifying Spent Fuel in www.deutsches-museum.de/en/exhibitions/energy/energy-technology/nuclear-energy/ equipment (ORNL) Training in Sweden (Ski-1999) UNCLASSIFIED 2 Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA The Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Proliferation Paths to WMDs IAEA Safeguards On URANIUM Path Weapon Assembly Convert UF6 to U Metal Pre-Safeguards Natural Enriched DIVERSION Material (INFCIRC/153) Uranium Uranium PATH “Open” Cycle WEAPONS PATHS Fuel – Natural Uranium or LEU In closed cycle – MOX Fuel (U and Pu) “Closed” Cycle IAEA Safeguards On PLUTONIUM Path Convert Pu Plutonium Compounds to Pu Metal DIVERSION PATH To Repository -
Download Internationally Networked Ngos
Internationally Networked NGOs Seizing opportunities and managing risks Colofon Internationally Networked NGOs Seizing opportunities and managing risks ‘Internationally Networked NGOs: Seizing opportunities and managing risks’ is published by The Spindle, the innovation platform of Partos. Partos (partos.nl) is the membership body for Dutch-based organisations working in international development. The Spindle (thespindle.org) connects innovators among Dutch and global actors into an online and offline movement for inclusive development. Authors: Rita Dieleman, Heinz Greijn, Anne-Marie Heemskerk, Gerrit de Vries Editing: Wangu Mwangi and Heinz Greijn Graphic design: Majorie Kool (koola.nl) Published by The Spindle, September 2019 2 3 Table of Contents Preface 7 Introduction 8 Chapter 1. WHY do NGOs engage in international networks? 10 1.1 Contextual Drivers 10 1.2 Strategic Drivers 11 1.3 Institutional and Managerial Drivers 12 1.4 Reflection 12 Chapter 2. Managing risk in international networks 14 2.1 Reputational damage 14 2.2 The centrifugal force of power imbalances 14 2.3 Lack of added value of network results 15 2.4 The agency problem 15 2.5 The danger of disclosure 15 Chapter 3. HOW to engage in international NGO networks 17 3.1 How to create network roles that are fit for purpose 17 3.2 How to move from power imbalances towards a culture that fosters mutuality 17 3.3 How to design a network that promotes transformative relationships 18 Chapter 4. Interviews with NGO Leaders 21 4.1 Farah Karimi (Former Executive Director), Oxfam Novib 21 4.2 Jacqueline Lampe, RNW Media 23 4.3 Jeroo Billimoria, Child and Youth Finance International 25 4.4 Mandla Nkomo and Nico Roozen, Solidaridad 27 4.5 Ruud van den Hurk, ActionAid 30 4 5 Preface As an umbrella organisation for Dutch-based development organisations, one of the core functions of Partos is to support our members to anticipate, and adapt to, complex and fast-moving changes in the international cooperation sector. -
The Interaction Between Conflict and Natural Disasters 2 Sustainable
Oxfam Novib Network nr 3 June 2009 Dear partner, This time Network kicks off with an article on an effective combination of disaster and conflict reduction programmes. There is also attention for the ever-bigger role of women in Arab countries. Alongside, captured in pictures, a unique public enquiry on climate change in Malawi. Furthermore, the state of affairs in the cocoa chain, a report of a performance by De Groene Bende, and much more in this Oxfam Novib Network. Contents: The interaction between conflict and natural disasters 2 Sustainable cocoa chain in sight 4 Cash grants as relief intervention 5 Dreams of Arab Women's NGOs 6 Poor people in Malawi raise their voice 8 Who benefits from private health care? 9 Building Oxfam Mexico 11 Free from Oxfam GB 12 Climate change demands aid reform 13 Promising festival season 14 Oxfam Novib is a member of Oxfam International The interaction between conflict and natural disasters There are many communities in the world that face both the risk of conflict and the risk of natural disasters. However, Disaster Risk Reduction programmes give hardly any attention to conflict and One-sided focus on either disaster risk reduction or Conflict Transformation programmes conflict prevention simplifies local realities. rarely refer to disaster risks and how these interact with (renewed) conflict or its solutions. There is a need to combine approaches. Examples show that the risks of disaster and conflict impact on each other: flooding can cause renewed conflict, conflict over resources can block initiatives for disaster prevention, or awareness about disaster risks can form the common interest around which conflicting parties come together. -
Location, Event&Q
# from what/ where which how why who for MOBILE versi on click here when who who where when index source "location, event" "phys, pol, med, doc" detail physical detail political name "9/11 Truth Interactive Spreadsheet Click on dow n arrow to sort / filter, click again to undo." Top 100 / compilations entity entity detail country / state date Item .. right-click on li nk to open in new tab 1 "Francis, Stephen NFU" WTC physical Controlled demolition Explosive experts "Overwhelming evidence indicates that a combination of n uclear, thermitic and conventional explosives were used in a controlled demoliti on of the WTC on 9/11. Nanothermite contributed but does not have sufficient det onation velocity to pulverize the WTC into dust. Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth is leading gatekeeper trying to deflect Israel's role. See Cozen O'Connor 9/11 lawsuit." pic "9/11 Truth, anti-Zionists" Engineers / Scie ntists "U.S., Israel, SA, Britain" 2 "Francis, Stephen NFU" "WTC, Pentagon, PA" political False flag Cabal "The cabal: U.S., Britain, Saudi Arabia and Israel execu ted the 9/11 false flag attack in order to usher in a new 'war on terror' along with the Iraq and Afghanistan wars and fullfil the PNAC's 'Full Spectrum Dominan ce' of the Middle East and its resources ... all have roots that go back to Zion ist / Nazi Germany, the Cold War ... 9/11 was a planned step." lnk Intel ag encies "Cabal: US, UK, Israel & SA" Mossad / Sayeret Matkal "U.S., Israel, S A, Britain" 3 "Fox, Donald" WTC 1-2 physical "Mini Neutron, Fissionless Fusio n" Controlled demolition "VeteransToday: Fox, Kuehn, Prager, Vike n,Ward, Cimono & Fetzer on mini neutron bombs discuss all major WTC theories micr o nuke (neutron) most promising comparatively low blast effects, a quick blast o f radiation that doesn't linger, a series of shape charged mini-neutron bombs we re detonated from top to bottom to simulate a free fall collapse. -
The Challenge of Developing of a High Speed Rotor Assembly by Mr R.K
The Challenge of Developing a High Speed Rotor Assembly - How It Was Met Shri R.K. Garg, FNAE Preamble The development of a high speed rotating machine commonly known as ‘Gas Centrifuge’ and used in enrichment of Uranium is considered a difficult and guarded technology, but strategic for the nuclear energy programme. This was achieved in the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) during the period 1980–1990 by entirely indigenous R&D efforts. For me, as a leading participant in this development, right from conception to the final stage, it was both, a challenge and unique opportunity which not many engineers get throughout their professional career. I take pride in sharing with fellow engineers and scientists my experience and my belief that for a dedicated team, no task is impossible if the right working environment is provided. Being a multi- disciplinary project, the R&D team comprised of about twenty engineers and scientists in the disciplines of chemical, mechanical, electrical, electronics and instrumentation engineering, metallurgy, physics and chemistry. One unique feature of this team was that except two of us, all others had joined directly from the Training School run by BARC to work on this project. The credit for the success of this project goes to all of them who worked with dedication and team spirit and employed several innovative ideas. Glimpses of some of the materials, components and systems needed for this programme and the technological and managerial approaches that were adopted for this development, leading to the setting up of a demonstration facility, are provided in this article.