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Ετς Θεος in Palestinian Inscriptions
ΕΤς θεος in Palestinian Inscriptions Leah Di Segni The acclamation Εἷς θεὸς, alone or in composition with various formulas, fre quently occurs in the East. In an extensive study, Ε. Peterson1 collected a large number of examples which he considered to be Christian, some as early as the late third century, from Syria (including Phoenicia, Palestine and Arabia) and Egypt, and concluded that Εἷς θεὸς was a typical Christian formula. Peterson’s conclusions were widely accepted and, not surprisingly, have become a self-ful filling prophecy, inasmuch as any inscription that contains this formula is auto matically classified as Christian, unless unequivocally proven otherwise. A more critical approach seems advisable, especially when dealing with Palestine, if for no other reason than the demographic diversity of this region, where Christians were still a minority at the beginning of the fifth century and possibly for some time later.2 While the material collected by Peterson from Egypt is indeed solidly Chris tian — mostly epitaphs with Christian symbols, many of them containing eccle siastic titles3 — the examples of Εἷς θεὸς from Syria include a sizable group of inscriptions that lack any positive identification. Of the dated material, a large majority of the unidentified Εἷς θεὸς inscriptions belong to the fourth century, whereas the texts identified as Christian by the addition of specific symbols and/or formulas come from the late fourth and fifth centuries. This seems to mean that in Syria the Εἷς θεὸς formula suffered a progressive Christianization, concomitant with the advance of Christianity in the province. In his collection of Syrian material, in fact, Prentice attributed the early specimens of Εἷς θεὸς to Ι Ε. -
The Bedouin Population in the Negev
T The Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Bedouins h in the Negev have rarely been included in the Israeli public e discourse, even though they comprise around one-fourth B Bedouin e of the Negev’s population. Recently, however, political, d o economic and social changes have raised public awareness u i of this population group, as have the efforts to resolve the n TThehe BBedouinedouin PPopulationopulation status of the unrecognized Bedouin villages in the Negev, P Population o primarily through the Goldberg and Prawer Committees. p u These changing trends have exposed major shortcomings l a in information, facts and figures regarding the Arab- t i iinn tthehe NNegevegev o Bedouins in the Negev. The objective of this publication n The Abraham Fund Initiatives is to fill in this missing information and to portray a i in the n Building a Shared Future for Israel’s comprehensive picture of this population group. t Jewish and Arab Citizens h The first section, written by Arik Rudnitzky, describes e The Abraham Fund Initiatives is a non- the social, demographic and economic characteristics of N Negev profit organization that has been working e Bedouin society in the Negev and compares these to the g since 1989 to promote coexistence and Jewish population and the general Arab population in e equality among Israel’s Jewish and Arab v Israel. citizens. Named for the common ancestor of both Jews and Arabs, The Abraham In the second section, Dr. Thabet Abu Ras discusses social Fund Initiatives advances a cohesive, and demographic attributes in the context of government secure and just Israeli society by policy toward the Bedouin population with respect to promoting policies based on innovative economics, politics, land and settlement, decisive rulings social models, and by conducting large- of the High Court of Justice concerning the Bedouins and scale social change initiatives, advocacy the new political awakening in Bedouin society. -
Caesarea-Ratzlaff201
The Plurality of Harbors at Caesarea: The Southern Anchorage in Late Antiquity Alexandra Ratzlaff, Ehud Galili, Paula Waiman-Barak & Assaf Yasur-Landau Journal of Maritime Archaeology ISSN 1557-2285 Volume 12 Number 2 J Mari Arch (2017) 12:125-146 DOI 10.1007/s11457-017-9173-z 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy J Mari Arch (2017) 12:125–146 DOI 10.1007/s11457-017-9173-z ORIGINAL PAPER The Plurality of Harbors at Caesarea: The Southern Anchorage in Late Antiquity 1 2 3 Alexandra Ratzlaff • Ehud Galili • Paula Waiman-Barak • Assaf Yasur-Landau1 Published online: 1 August 2017 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017 Abstract The engineering marvel of Sebastos, or Portus Augusti as it was called in Late Antiquity (284–638 CE), dominated Caesarea’s harbor center along modern Israel’s central coast but it was only one part of a larger maritime complex. -
Kebara V — a Contribution for the Study of the Middle-Upper Paleolithic Transition in the Levant
Kebara V — A Contribution for the Study of the Middle-Upper Paleolithic Transition in the Levant ITAY ABADI Institute of Archaeology, and The Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501; and, Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Yotvata 88820, ISRAEL; [email protected] OFER BAR-YOSEF† Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; †deceased ANNA BELFER-COHEN Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, ISRAEL; [email protected] submitted: 13 April 2019; accepted 11 December 2019 ABSTRACT The excavations at Kebara Cave (Mt. Carmel, Israel) revealed an important archaeological sequence of late Mid- dle Paleolithic units superimposed by Early Upper Paleolithic ones. This sequence provides important insights concerning our knowledge of the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition in the Levant. Here we present a detailed description of the lithic assemblage from Unit V, considered as the last Middle Paleolithic occupation on site. This assemblage is dated to 48/49 ky cal BP, thus representing the final stages of the Middle Paleolithic in the region. Although in previous publications the material of Unit V was considered as a Middle/Upper Paleolithic admix- ture, the results of the current study indicate (at least concerning the assemblage presented here) that the number of Upper Paleolithic items is negligible. We discuss the role of this assemblage for understanding some of the late Middle Paleolithic lithic variability, as well as the appearance of the Upper Paleolithic blade technology in the Levant. -
The Armies of the Hasmonaeans and Herod
Texte und Studien zum Antiken Judentum herausgegeben von Martin Hengel und Peter Schäfer 25 The Armies of the Hasmonaeans and Herod From Hellenistic to Roman Frameworks by Israel Shatzman J.C.B. Möhr (Paul Siebeck) Tübingen Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Shatzman, Israel: The armies of the Hasmonaeans and Herod : from Hellenistic to Roman frameworks / by Israel Shatzman. - Tübingen : Mohr, 1991 (Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum ; 25) ISBN 3-16-145617-3 NE: GT © 1991 J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) P.O. Box 2040, D-7400 Tübingen. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to re- productions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was typeset by Sam Boyd Enterprise in Singapore, printed by Guide-Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper by Gebr. Buhl in Ettlingen and bound by Heinr. Koch in Tübingen. ISSN 0721-8753 MENAHEM STERN IN MEMORIAM Preface I became intrigued by the subject of this book in the course of my work on the military confrontation between the Jews and the Romans from the death of Herod to the War of Bar-Kokhva, which I was asked to contribute to Vol. VIII of the series The World History of the Jewish People: U. Rappaport (ed.), Judea and Rome (Masada Publishing Press, 1983, in Hebrew). While working on those chapters, I realized that no com- prehensive account had ever been written of the army of Herod, and as for the Hasmonaeans, there existed then only B. -
Annual Meeting, 1 9
INIS-mf —13541 ANNUAL MEETING, 1993 15- 18 MARCH 1993 ANNUAL MEETING, 1993 EDITED BY: Ittai Qavrieli GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ARAD 15-18 MARCH 1993 Contents PAGE ALMAGOR, G. The Morphology of the Continental Terrace of Northern Israel and Northern Lebanon: Structure and Morphology 1 ALMOGI-LABIN, A., HEMLEBEN, C, MEISCHNER, Dv ERLENKEUSER, E. The Glacial Stages in the Red Sea as Inferred from the Marine Record 2 AMIT, R., HARRISON, J.B.J. Pedogenic Processes in the Interdunal Area of Nizzana Sand Dunes During the Quaternary 3 ANLIN-RUDBERG, N., AYALON, A., BEIN, A., SASS, E., HALICZ, L. Alkaline-Waste-Storage Potential of the Helez Reservoir Rocks 4 ARIEH, E., STEINBERG, J. Intermediate Term Earthquake Prediction in the Dead Sea Transform 5 AVNI, Y. Teaching Science Combined with Scientific Research — An Example from Backward-Erosion Research 6 AVNI, Y., GARFUNKEL, Z. ,BARTOV, Y., GINAT, H. The Influence of the Plio-Pleistocene Fault System on the Tectonic and Geomorphological Structure in the Margin of the Arava Valley 7 BAER, G., BEYTH, M., RECHES, Z. The Mechanics of the Dike Emplacement into Fractured Basement Rocks, Timna Igneous Complex, Israel 8 BAHAT, D., RABINOVITCH, A, FRIEDMAN, M. Detailed Characterization of a Fault Termination 9 BAR-MATTHEWS, M., AYALON, A., MATTHEWS, A., SASS, E. A Preliminary Investigation of the Soreq Cave Speleothems as Indicators of Paleoclimate Variations 10 BARTOV, Y., FRIESLANDER, U., ROTSTEIN, Y. New Observations on the Structure and Evolution of the Arava Rift Valley 11 BARTOV, Y., GOLDMAN, M., RABINOWITZ, B., RABINOWITZ, Mv RONEN, A. Feasibility Study of the TDEM Method in Solving Geological Problems in Israel: Structure of the Central Arava 12 BECK, A. -
Back to Raqefet Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel
Journal of The Israel Prehistoric Society 35 (2005), 245-270 Back to Raqefet Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel GYÖRGY LENGYEL*1 DANI NADEL*1 ALEXANDER TSATSKIN1 GUY BAR-OZ1 DANIELLA E. BAR-YOSEF MAYER1 RON BEʼERI1 ISRAEL HERSHKOVITZ2 1Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, 31905 Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel 2Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University *Contributed equally to the paper INTRODUCTION The Raqefet Cave was excavated some thirty years ago by the late Tamar Noy and Eric Higgs (herein the 1970-72 excavation). Unfortunately, although they found a long cultural sequence and several Natufian burials, they hardly publish any details of their fieldwork or the stratigraphy. In the summer of 2004 we carried out a short reconnaissance project, in order to clean the main section and verify the unpublished stratigraphy (we have the original field documentations); establish the provenance of Early Upper Palaeolithic, Levantine Aurignacian and Epipalaeolithic (Late Kebaran) lithic assemblages; and asses the character of the Natufian layer. The aims of this paper are to a) provide a short description of past work at the site (based on an unpublished report and the Raqefet Archive) and list the main studies conducted on the retrieved materials, and b) present the results of our short fieldwork. The latter include a report on the Natufian remains in the first chamber and a description of the long section in the second 245 246 LENGYEL et. al. chamber. Studied samples of flint, animal bones and beads are also presented. Depositional and post-depositional aspects are addressed through preliminary sedimentological studies and taphonomic observations on a sample of the 1970-72 animal bones. -
Holy Land & Jordan
HOLY LAND & JORDAN In the Footsteps of the Magi WITH FR. DWIGHT LONGENECKER Author of Mystery of the Magi SEPTEMBER 6-18, 2018 www.catholicheritagetours.com/FDLHL | (800) 290-3876 HIGHLIGHTS AT A GLANCE: Jerusalem: Old City, Mt. of Olives, Mt. Zion, Church of the Holy Sepulcher Ein Karem: St. John the Baptist Bethlehem: Shepherds’ Field, Church of the Nativity, Milk Grotto Sea of Galilee: Tabgha, Mt. of Beatitudes, Magdala, Capernaum Mt. Tabor: Transfiguration site Cana: Miracle of the wedding feast, renewal of wedding vows Nazareth: Basilica of the Annunciation, St. Joseph’s shop Jordan River: Baptismal Site of Our Lord Jericho: oldest city in the world Herodion: Herod the Great’s Mausoleum Avdat: city along the incense route, where the Three Magi may have stopped Petra: the “Siq,” the Monastery, the Treasury, the Old City, spice route which may have been taken by the Three Kings Mt. Nebo: where Moses was granted a view of the Promised Land Jerash: ruins of the walled Greco-Roman settlement of Gerasa, including Hadrian’s Arch, the Temple of Artemis, and the Forum’s oval colonnade TRIP ITINERARY:* Day 1. Thursday, September 6: Transatlantic flight Avdat, which would have been a main rest stop for caravans traveling Board your flight to Amman, Jordan. from Petra. Frankincense and myrrh were common goods traded along this incense route. Overnight and dinner in Beersheba. (BB, D) Day 2. Friday, September 7: Amman After a late arrival in Amman, board your private motor-coach and Day 7. Wednesday, September 12: Beersheba – Herodion – transfer directly to your hotel. -
The Rise and Fall of Viticulture in the Late Antique Negev Highlands Reconstructed from Archaeobotanical and Ceramic Data
The rise and fall of viticulture in the Late Antique Negev Highlands reconstructed from archaeobotanical and ceramic data Daniel Fuksa,1, Guy Bar-Ozb,1, Yotam Tepperb,c, Tali Erickson-Ginic, Dafna Langgutd,e, Lior Weissbrodb, and Ehud Weissa,1 aThe Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel; bZinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498837 Mount Carmel, Israel; cIsrael Antiquities Authority, 61012 Tel Aviv, Israel; dDepartment of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel; and eThe Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel Edited by Frank Hole, Yale University, New Haven, CT, and approved May 13, 2020 (received for review December 23, 2019) The international scope of the Mediterranean wine trade in Late environmentally sensitive regions, which became integrated into Antiquity raises important questions concerning sustainability in the increasingly globalizing system of Byzantine commerce (16). an ancient international economy and offers a valuable historical We present archaeobotanical and ceramic data from the Negev precedent to modern globalization. Such questions involve the Highlands in southern Israel, providing direct empirical evidence role of intercontinental commerce in maintaining sustainable for commercial-scale viticulture in this desert region. We employ production within important supply regions and the vulnerability this combined dataset as a microregional test case for the local of peripheral regions believed to have been especially sensitive to effects of Byzantine globalization and for investigating issues of environmental and political disturbances. We provide archaeobo- sustainable agricultural production in an arid environment vis-à- tanical evidence from trash mounds at three sites in the central vis the role of long-distance exchange over time. -
How Do Israelis and Palestinians Interpret Their Own Histories As Evidence That They Have Claim Over Israeli Held Territory?
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Honors Theses Lee Honors College 12-3-2019 How do Israelis and Palestinians interpret their own histories as evidence that they have claim over Israeli held territory? Jacob Kubiak Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/honors_theses Part of the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Kubiak, Jacob, "How do Israelis and Palestinians interpret their own histories as evidence that they have claim over Israeli held territory?" (2019). Honors Theses. 3227. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/honors_theses/3227 This Honors Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Lee Honors College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Competing Narratives: How Israel and Palestine Interpret Their Own Histories Thesis Jake Kubiak PRIMARY QUESTION How do Israelis and Palestinians interpret their own histories as evidence that they have claim over Israeli held territory? ABSTRACT The Israeli-Palestinian War over Israeli-held territories has been a major controversy for many years. The modern conflict has been raging on since 1948. This conflict has caused the displacement of 1.4 million Palestinians, uprooting them from what they believe to be their ancestral home. Along with this displacement, the conflict has caused infrastructural collapse and the rise of terrorist organizations within Israel and Palestinian territories. Both groups have their own evidence in claiming the Israeli-held territory, including archaeological history and ancient texts to argue that they are the rightful owners of this land. -
OBODA: a MAJOR NABATEAN CARAVAN HALT Oboda, and Not
ARAM, 8 (1996), 67-87 67 OBODA: A MAJOR NABATEAN CARAVAN HALT AVRAHAM NEGEV Oboda, and not Eboda as it has very often mistakenly been named,1 is the best known, and most fully described Nabatean caravan halt. It contained most elements present in a major caravan halt.2 As indicated by coins found in the Nabatean potter’s workshop3 and by pottery found in various loci at Oboda4, Nabatean Oboda was in existence from the late fourth to the second century BC. Small quantities of Hellenistic pottery were found all over the site. No solid architecture pertaining to the Early Nabatean period has been observed at Oboda, and the occupants of the site at that time seem to have lived in tents. Remains of an early fireplace of such an encampment were discovered beneath the floors of a first century BC. or AD. house in the vicinity of the Nabatean military camp (see below).5 Whether Oboda already served as a caravan halt at this early period is yet to be determined by research. Oboda was possibly abandoned for the greater part of the first century BC. It was reconquered by the Nabateans in the early part of the second half of the first century BC. The course of events at this time is not entirely clear. The Petra-Gaza caravan route runs northwestwards from Petra towards the large caravan station of Calguia, where it crossed the Arava.6 Thence, the road ran on to Mezad Qazra, Mezad Har Masa, Mezad Neqarot, and Maliatha. It then climbed the cliffs of the Ramon Crater at Mezad (Ma‘ale) Mahmal, and from there it ran over Mezad Grafon along the Oboda plateau.7 At this last sec- tion, the road is about seven meters wide. -
Christian Spolia in the Late Antique Mosque at Shivta in the Negev Desert (Israel) *
ECA 8 (2011), p. 101-119; doi: 10.2143 / ECA.8.0.2961368 Crosses’ Work Underfoot: Christian Spolia in the Late Antique Mosque at Shivta in the Negev Desert (Israel) * Glenn PEERS Scholars have productively studied the re-use of of reasons, some of which are perfectly evident architectural materials in Late Antiquity from the from their supercessionist vantage point. Likewise, point of view of practical, aesthetic and ideological at the end of this period, Muslims had a compli- motivations, and the number of those motivations, cated relationship to religions they encountered, as well as responses, marks a distinctive character- primarily Christianity, because that faith was closely istic of this period in relation to classical Antiquity. associated, naturally, with the empire that Islamic The almost-bricolage of the Arch of Constantine in forces contended against. This article examines one Rome (315) represents a sophisticated, rich demon- such encounter, which led to the integration of stration of the past in the present and, more to the Christian building materials into an early Islamic point, in its service1. Christians manipulated mate- mosque in the small town of Shivta (present-day rial remnants of the past, too, for a large number name, but also called Sbeita, Esbeita, Subeita, Isbayta) in the central Negev desert, some 50 kms south of modern Beer Sheeva (Fig. 1). There, clearly Christian materials had highly public and agonistic placement, but the motivations were not necessarily, or only, adversarial. They were faceted and not reducible to an antagonistic social model2. They were available for complicated understand- ings of the ongoing power and prestige that Islam was in the process of appropriating to itself.