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Archbishop Ramsey the Shape of the Church

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Archbishop Ramsey the Shape of the Church Archbishop Ramsey The Shape of the Church Peter Webster ARCHBISHOP RaMSEY e Archbishops of Canterbury Series Series Editor: Andrew Chandler, University of Chichester, UK Series Advisory Board: Katy Cubitt, University of York, UK; Nicholas Brooks, University of Birmingham, UK; Anne Duggan, King’s College London, UK; Sally Vaughn, University of Houston, USA; Julia Barrow, University of Nottingham, UK; Christopher Harper-Bill, University of East Anglia, UK; Robert Swanson, University of Birmingham, UK; Diarmaid MacCulloch, University of Oxford, UK; Alexandra Walsham, University of Cambridge, UK; Judith Maltby, University of Oxford, UK; Jeremy Gregory, University of Manchester, UK; Stephen Taylor, University of Reading, UK; Arthur Burns, King’s College, London, UK; David Hein, Hood College, Maryland, USA Developed in association with Lambeth Palace Library archives, this series presents authoritative studies on the Archbishops of Canterbury. Each book combines biographical, historical, theological, social and political analysis within each archiepiscopacy, with original source material drawn from the Archbishop’s correspondence, speeches and published and unpublished writings. e Archbishops of Canterbury series oers a vital source of reference, of lasting importance to scholars, students and all readers interested in the history of the international Church. Other titles in this series: Archbishop Pole John Edwards, University of Oxford, UK Archbishops Ralph d’Escures, William of Corbeil and Theobald of Bec Heirs of Anselm and Ancestors of Becket Jean Truax Archbishop Anselm 1093–1109 Bec Missionary, Canterbury Primate, Patriarch of Another World Sally N. Vaughn Archbishop Fisher, 1945–1961 Church, State and World Andrew Chandler and David Hein Archbishop Ramsey e Shape of the Church P ETER WEBSTER First published 2015 by Ashgate Publishing Published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © Peter Webster 2015 Peter Webster has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: Webster, Peter, 1974- Archbishop Ramsey : the shape of the church / By Peter Webster. pages cm. -- (The Archbishops of Canterbury series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7546-6589-2 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-0-7546-6596-0 (pbk.) 1. Ramsey, Arthur Michael 2. Church of England--History--20th century. 3. Anglican Communion--History--20th century. 4. Religion and politics--History--20th century. I. Title. BX5199.R22W43 2015 283.092--dc23 2014039112 ISBN: 9780754665892 (hbk) ISBN: 9780754665960 (pbk) ISBN: 9781315567556 (ebk) Contents Acknowledgments ix List of Abbreviations xi PART I: YEARS IN OFFICE Introduction 3 1 e Church and the Churches 21 2 Church and State 49 3 Church and Nation 65 4 e Church in a Time of Crisis 91 5 e Prophetic Church 115 Conclusion 133 PART II: THE TEXTS Editorial Conventions 141 1961 143 Speech to Congress on Public Morality at Church House, Westminster 143 Confidential Memorandum for the Meeting of the Bishops, ‘Church Reform in Relation to the State. A Note for Discussion.’ 144 1962 149 Speech to the House of Lords on the Commonwealth Immigrants Bill 149 vi Archbishop Ramsey Letter from Archbishops Coggan and Ramsey to Members of both Houses of Parliament 151 1963 155 Ramsey to a Parish Priest, Raymond Hooper, on Honest to God 155 Ramsey to Mervyn Stockwood, Bishop of Southwark, on Honest to God 156 Ramsey to all English Diocesan Bishops on Honest to God 158 A Second Letter from Ramsey to Stockwood on Honest to God 159 Sermon at Requiem for Pope John XXIII, Lambeth Palace Chapel 160 Address to the Convocation of Canterbury after the Anglican Congress at Toronto 161 1964 165 Sermon on Anglican-Orthodox Rapprochement, Preached at the Greek Orthodox Cathedral in London 165 1965 169 Sermon at a Service Marking the Anniversary of the Sealing of the Magna Carta, in St Paul’s Cathedral 169 Speech in the House of Lords on Capital Punishment 171 Speech in the House of Lords on the Sexual Offences Bill 175 Ramsey to Prime Minister Wilson on the Relation of Church and State 177 Speech to the House of Lords on Southern Rhodesia 180 1966 183 Ramsey to Oliver Tomkins, Bishop of Bristol, on Relations with Roman Catholics in England 183 Ramsey to E.L. Mascall on Church Unity 184 Ramsey to Chad Varah on Sex 187 ‘The Proposed Canonisation of the English and Welsh Martyrs of the Reformation Period. A Note by the Archbishop of Canterbury’ 189 1967 191 Memorandum on the Visit to Lambeth of Cardinal Suenens 191 Contents vii Sermon for the Opening of Human Rights Year in Westminster Abbey 194 1968 197 Speech to the House of Lords on the Race Relations Bill 197 Ramsey to Margaret Deanesly on Anglican-Methodist Unity 201 Sermon at the opening of the Lambeth Conference, Canterbury Cathedral 204 Speech in the House of Lords on Reform of the House 208 1969 213 Ramsey to David L. Edwards on Anglican-Methodist Unity 213 Ramsey’s Foreword to a Pamphlet Explaining the Changes Wrought by the Advent of General Synod 214 Ramsey to Eric Kemp on the Anglican-Methodist Reunion Scheme 215 Speech at Dinner on the Commemoration of Guru Nanak 216 1971 219 Speech in the House of Lords on Northern Ireland 219 1972 223 Address in Westminster Cathedral on Northern Ireland 223 1974 227 Farewell Sermon, Canterbury Cathedral 227 Speech in the House of Lords, moving the Church of England (Worship and Doctrine) Measure 229 1982 235 Sermon in Westminster Abbey at a Service Marking the Fortieth Anniversary of the British Council of Churches 235 Appendix: Ramsey’s Staff 239 Bibliography 241 Index 249 This page has been left blank intentionally Acknowledgments My thanks are due to Clare Brown, Andrew Chandler, Ian Jones, Matthew Grimley and Patrick Harrigan who read and commented upon substantial drafts at various stages. I benefitted greatly from many conversations with John Maiden on Ramsey and the 1960s, and from the comments of Philip Williamson and of conference audiences in Belfast, at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford, and at the annual meetings of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Particular thanks are due to Clare Brown, Rachel Cosgrave, Matti Watton and all the staff at Lambeth Palace Library, including the late and much missed Melanie Barber. It is by the kind permission of the Librarian of Lambeth Palace that the Ramsey Papers are here cited and reproduced. Thanks are also due to Andrew Atherstone, Clyde Binfield, Perry Butler, Alister Chapman, Alec Corio, David Hart, Tim Hudson, Bill Jacob, Diarmaid MacCulloch, Douglas and Lis McCormick, Stephen Parker, Mark Smith, Todd Thompson, John Webster, Sarah Webster, John Wolffe, and Martin Wellings. I am very grateful to Andrew Chandler as series editor for the opportunity to engage with Michael Ramsey in this book. Thanks are also due to Sarah Lloyd and all at Ashgate for their patience and assistance at every stage. This page has been left blank intentionally List of Abbreviations BCC British Council of Churches CIO Church Information Office GCC Ramsey, The Gospel and the Catholic Church (London, 1936) H. C. Deb. House of Commons Debates H. L. Deb. House of Lords Debates ODNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography WCC World Council of Churches This page has been left blank intentionally PART I Years in Oce This page has been left blank intentionally Introduction Arthur Michael Ramsey was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1961 until 1974, the hundredth occupant of the office. As perspectives on the period have lengthened, his term of office appears more and more to have been pivotal in the history of the Church of England and of the nation as a whole. Ramsey’s time coincides with Arthur Marwick’s ‘Long Sixties’, in which nothing less than a cultural revolution occurred in British life.1 Part of that revolution was in the relationship between the British and their religion, and Callum Brown and others have located the crucial shifts in the religious imaginary in this period.2 At the same time, all the churches were reassessing their relationships with each other, as part of a process with a longer pre-history but given urgency by the times. These parallel movements in popular religious sentiment and within the churches called into question several key relationships that had seemed very settled, and the role of the archbishop in the articulation of those relationships. Ramsey’s time saw the removal of much of the Christian content from the law as it touched matters of public and private morality. Also under scrutiny was the constitutional relationship of Crown, Parliament, people and the established Church. And as the tectonic plates moved at home, so did the role of the archbishop as leader of the global Anglican Communion. The career of Michael Ramsey provides then an important perspective on each of these broader movements. The present work is no biography, but rather an assessment of Ramsey’s tenure as archbishop; but a brief biographical conspectus of Ramsey’s path to Canterbury is necessary nonetheless. When viewed in outline, the shape of Michael Ramsey’s life and career offers few surprises.
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