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Researcher 2015;7(6) Researcher 2015;7(6) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher Model of Persian gardens in India (Comparative study of Persian and Hindi gardens in the evening Indian Mughal) Abolfazl Karbalaei Hosseini Ghiasvand1*, Jamal alddin Soheyli2 1* Master of Architecture, Islamic Azad University of Shahrood, Semnan, Iran (Corresponding) 2 Architecture Ph.D., assistant professor of Architecture and urban faculty, Islamic Azad University of Qazvin, Qazvin,iran [email protected] Abstract: Iranian garden in art history of making garden in the world has known with its own style and identity which remains stable from 2,500 years ago till least the early Qajar era and despite the changing conditions of life, has always been consistently against all attacks and political unrest has remained stable and has become a tradition. This tradition was strong enough to distant lands, to take samples of this inspiring School of thought including the territory of India. The garden tradition in India, including the descendants of Timur and Babur were heritage, to a large extent affected the Iranian garden, but due to the effects of background and context and climate of India's Mughal differences with the Iranian garden. For this reason, this article is a comparative view of the comparison between Persian and Hindi's Garden to build basic knowledge of Iranian gardens, how to model and gardens Hindi difference that the reference in the history of the Persian Garden has been detected. The method used in this study is comparative - analytical method and documents are from Library. The purpose of the architecture and gardens of the Mughal Empire Generalities expressed, making reference to the recognition of patterns of Persian gardens. Six Case (Prince Garden Mahan, Fin Garden in Kashan and Ghadamgah Garden in Iran, Shalimar Gardens in Lahore and Kashmir and the Taj Mahal in India) the patterns are being compared. The results showed that the Garden of Hindi, although originally inspired by Persian gardens were built and modeled. The results showed that the Garden of Hindi, although originally inspired by Persian gardens were built and modeled, but with the passage of time and the impact of Mongolian background, particularly the effect of climatic conditions, foundations and concepts of the original Iranian garden space and simply had enough of a patterned surface. [Abolfazl Karbalaei Hosseini Ghiasvand, Jamal alddin Soheyli. Model of Persian gardens in India (Comparative study of Persian and Hindi gardens in the evening Indian Mughal). Researcher 2015;7(6):1-6]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1 Key words: Indian Mughal, Persian Garden, Hindi Garden, Climate, Mongolian Culture 1. Introduction: and distinct field of study of Islamic architecture, was Iranian influence in the gardens of the Garden of introduced. The recognized categories of gardens, other nations, as far as the way of the garden in just kind of look at it from the perspective of the different periods has been of interest to other nations other aspects of the construction began, followed by Caliphs of the Umayyad garden that can be used for the environment and the evolution of the spread. Thus, example in Syria, Syria and Spain, as well as its the first conference on Islamic civilization in the impact on the garden of the Mughal dynasty in India. garden in 1996, was held at MIT. Experts, new Tradition Iranian gardens in India for the first time studies on the Arab gardens, Andalusian, Ottoman, founded by Babur. He was influenced by Persian Timurid, Persian and Mughal presentation and gardens of Samarkand, Bukhara and Herat, on the navigation are offered. rise in India provided the Iranian impressive gardens. The gardens are many points in common and the Eagle gardens he had seen successors in Samarkand most prominent, of course, that the words implied and Herat, Persian style gardens and orchards are garden paradise galaxies look tiny world of ideals taken to India in Kabul, Delhi, Agra, their Quran the kings of Iran's campuses. But the construction was considered (Ansari, 2011: 6-11). conference also showed that the differences are many Although the garden is built in India in the first and various garden areas of specialized studies are four gardens of eternal repetition and inspired by required. Ms Ebba Koch can be outstanding Persian gardens were built but with the passage of researchers knew that for over two decades about the time and the influence of climatic conditions and architecture of India, especially in the land of cultural background, we have evolved differences in research and has published works. His book (art and the samples, with gardens Iran. Iranian garden garden ideas of the Mongol Empire), written in 2001 and with the publication of studies on the effects of Mac published. His other books (the Taj Mahal) in 2006 Dougall, and Atyng·havzn in 1976, as an independent that is best about the Taj Mahal. His other works 1 Researcher 2015;7(6) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher include the book (the architecture of the Mughal and it has global appeal. Mughal architecture from Empire in India) noted that the year 1994 has been the beginning was solid and inflexible, and about the translated into Persian by Hussein Soltanzadeh. situation in the area remained flexible and diverse Based on the background mentioned above, in traditions of building] Soltanzadeh, 14: 1999. Garden this paper, a comparative study of Persian and Hindi art of Timurid in India was influenced by three garden in the Mughal Empire pay to the transition to factors to a greater extent. First, the cultural knowledge of Persian and Hindi roots of the garden background was connected with the Mongols. The and the garden to identify the differences and second factor of Iranian culture and in particular, its similarities that are functional and conceptual achieve gardens and the third and most important feature of together. The study sought to answer the question is: the climate is important. Hindi gardens modeled during the Mughal Empire 2-1-cultural background: Persian Garden What has been and what the Samarkand gardens to best meet the needs of the differences and similarities in terms of functional and Mongolian ethnic heritage in the new government. conceptual Iranian garden? To answer this question The deep spiritual relationship with nature in the can be raised the following hypothesis: gardens of Samarkand, which was influenced by Hindi gardens of Persian gardens were built in Persian gardens, lies in the collective memory of its the first model, but due to the effects of climatic and kind Nostalgia Hara response said. The symbolism cultural differences in terms of function and concept behind the legacy lies in the cultural heritage of of the reference sample, the gardens were Iranian. Mughal gardens are designed in part to the impact of According to what was said in this article, the authors the Timurid era was in Hindi. The most important attempt has been made to the comparative study - an aspect of this influence can be seen in the numbers analysis mentioned subject and reading the books, M., 63: 2009. They sometimes four gardens based on papers, documents, literature, resources and expertise the number of planets or signs of the zodiac are made. and analysis to understand the reference patterns and For the Mongols, like Timor, number nine was different Iranian gardens the patterns in Hindi considered Mubarak and Saad [Moynihan, Elizabet, gardens have to pay this over to the differences 1980, p.100] On the other hand, the number eight has between Persian and Hindi garden is the meaning and special meaning for them and for the octagonal shape function is evident. Following the introduction of the is ideal for the design of the pool, and even the palace architecture and style of the Mughal Empire Garden was considered podium. The cultural roots of the explains the reference patterns of speech and the factors that influenced later in the garden of the construction of a Persian garden in six case (Garden of descendants of Timur in India. Prince Mahan, Fin Garden in Kashan and Shalimar 3.1 Iranian cultural influences: Gardens in Lahore and Kashmir Step Nishapur in Iran The second factor in the gardens of the Timurid and the Taj Mahal in India); These patterns can be cultural monuments and gardens in India is Iran. Iran studied to understand the roots, the existing is not only refreshing garden idea, but in a way more differences and similarities can be determined. The effective than any other developed and became a method used in this research is a comparative method tradition. In the original design of the main based on cross-sectional look. characteristics of that was due to the climate changes 1. Theoretical framework [Crowe, Sylvia, Haywood, Seila, 1972, p.21]. 1-1-architecture and gardens of the Mughal Humayun defeated in a battle with Afghan governor Empire: of Bihar who was his rival, led him to the court of Of all the styles that have emerged under the Shah (reign 84-931 AD). During this time he and his rule of Muslims in India Mughal architecture style, wife several buildings including the shrine of Imam more global, more successful and have a wider Reza (AS) in Mashhad, had seen the tomb of Sheikh impact on the other styles. Gourkany style over time Cup and Soltanieh dome, which is why it can be a lot compared to other more developed light and its of characteristics and traditions of Persian effects continued into the twentieth century. The two architecture. The tradition of garden-tomb of the main Mughal architecture, the Akbar and Shah Jahan Mughal Empire in the wake of numerous trips to Iran period, were factors in the development of this style] and some Iranian India as well as political, social and Ebba Koch, 134: 1994.
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