DOCSLIB.ORG

Limes Germanicus I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Limes Germanicus I Limes Germanico Prima parte di Marco Colombelli [email protected] l termine Germani fu utilizzato Quest’anno ho deciso di utilizzare il periodo per primo dal greco Posido- delle ferie per un viaggio lungo l’Alto Reno nio, ma probabilmente era di origine celtico. Il termine diven- sulle tracce della presenza delle legioni romane ne famosoI grazie ai due libri di Giulio Ce- ai confini dell’Impero. Il limes Germanicus, infatti, sare (Commentari de bello gallico) e di Ta- cito (De origine et situ Germanorum liber) come la Britannia, rappresenta un unicum che ne descrivono ampiamente usi, costu- per la ricchezza di reperti, in particolare mi e attività. militari, che sono stati rinvenuti durante A partire dalla metà del I secolo a.C. i ro- mani ricacciarono le tribù germaniche ol- gli scavi archeologici. tre il fiume Reno trasformandolo in un con- fine naturale. Dopo la disfatta di Teotobur- era costituito da opere di difese in palizza- moso scudo celta in bronzo con rilievo di go (9 d.C.) i due fiumi Reno e Danubio, ri- te e fossati, torri di avvistamento, talvolta un daino e numerosi reperti romani. Un ric- masero a definire i confini dell’espansioni- opere murarie. Ma questa linea difensiva co ed interessante lapidarium e monumen- smo romano. Ma l’impossibilità nelle comu- permeabile e mobile, non resse alle mas- ti in pietra dell’occupazione romana del nicazioni tra questi due territori, le conti- sicce invasioni migratorie, che portarono Württenberg completano la visita. nue scorrerie dei bellicosi popoli germani- alla costituzione, dopo il V secolo, i vari im- Abbandonata Stoccarda raggiungiamo ci, costrinsero numerosi imperatori a ri- peri barbari europei. WORMS a circa 150 Km di distanza. prendere le operazioni di guerra, a costrui- L’antica Civitas Vangionum è famosa anche re campi militari e fortificazioni con alter- I Giorno per la saga dei Nibelunghi, il racconto del- ni risultati, ma sempre senza poter defini- Il nostro viaggio lungo il Reno sulle tracce la distruzione dell’impero dei Burgundi. La tivamente pacificare i territori abitati da nu- dei romani comincia da STOCCARDA. La città fu fondata circa verso l’80 con il nome merose tribù bellicose, mobili e con gran- città non ha origini romane e quindi nessu- di Borbetomagus e divenne, successiva- de vitalità demografica. Lungo il Reno ven- na vestigia, ma conserva in un interessan- mente, capitale della regione. nero costruite numerose opere difensive a te museo, il Württembergisches Lande- A partire dai primi scavi archeologici del proteggere l’Impero e i pacifici abitanti, dal- smuseum, posto all’interno dell’Altes 1881 furono rinvenuti numerosi oggetti og- le incursioni di chi vedeva in quelle terre, Schloss (vecchio castello), vari oggetti in- gi conservati presso il St. Andreasstift Mu- occasioni di bottino. Il limes Germanicus teressanti tra cui spicca sicuramente il fa- seum (www.zum.de/Faecher/G/BW/- didascalia Ars Historiae 60 ottobre/dicembre 2007 Landeskunde/rhein/staedte/worms/mu- due navi militari della flotta del Reno a gran- ri, daghe, umboni, ecc.). Ma le copie sono seum) dove è possibile trovare la più gran- dezza reale. Nel museo sono altresì conser- talmente perfette che solo leggendo la di- de raccolta di oggetti in vetro romani della vate numerose ricostruzioni in scala delle dascalia si è in grado di capirlo. Il museo Germania e una splendida collezione di la- varie imbarcazioni romane, copie di lapidi merita assolutamente una visita non fosse pidi funerarie (dell’eques Q. Carminius In- funerarie di marinai e di bassorilievi, nume- altro per avere in un solo luogo, una pano- genuuse, di Argiotalus della Ala Indiana ), rosi reperti di navi, ancore ed altro. Com- ramica ampia dei ritrovamenti e identifica- fibbie, spade e daghe, il puntale di un si- pletano la visita, una serie di pannelli ricchi re dove trovare gli originali. All’interno è gnum, elmi (un imperiale italico tipo D e di notizie, immagini e disegni sull’organiz- presente anche la ricostruzione di un car- un imperiale gallico tipo D in perfette con- zazione delle flotta romana, di bassorilievi ro da parata del periodo Hallstatt, numero- dizioni, un Coolus tipo B, tipo E e tipo I) il e sezioni. Il Römisch-Germanisches Zen- si oggetti bizantini (soprattutto gioielli), co- tutto proveniente soprattutto dai primi ri- tral Museum (www.rgzm.de) sorge nell’an- pie degli oggetti rinvenuti nella tomba del trovamenti effettuati in tombe fuori della tico castello dei principi elettori. Il museo re Franco Childeric (582 d.C.) e, nella se- città. è sicuramente particolare, essendo costi- zione romana, è possibile ammirare il glo- Meritano una visita anche i resti delle mu- tuito, per la parte dedicata alla storia anti- bo celeste, il più vecchio e completo cono- ra romane del tardo IV secolo. ca, da reperti originali ma anche da una ric- sciuto, realizzato in Egitto tra il 150 e il 220 chissima collezione di elmi, spade, armatu- d.C. Il globo mostra le 48 costellazioni di II Giorno re romane, etrusche e celte in copia. E’ pos- entrambi gli emisferi e costituisce la più an- Il nostro viaggio prosegue verso MAGON- sibile aggirarsi lungo gli spazi arredati con tica rappresentazione della Via Lattea. ZA a circa 50 Km. Nel 38 a.C. le legioni ro- vetrine zeppe di copie dei ritrovamenti ar- Purtroppo la città, ma non solo questa, è mane di Druso si stabilirono qui, nei pres- cheologici più importanti e famosi di tutto avara di cartelli indicatori e quindi ritrova- si di un centro celtico, che da allora prese il mondo dal 1852 (elmi, scudi, spade, lan- re i siti archeologici non è assolutamente il nome di Mogontiacum, fortificandolo per ce, corazze, uno splendido draco, schinie- semplice. Si comincia dai templi di Isis e consolidarne la funzione strategica. Intor- no al campo sorse successivamente la cit- tà di Castrum Mogontiacum che divenne municipio sotto Diocleziano e capitale del- la provincia della Germania Superior, sede del legato e di numerose legioni romane. La città è sicuramente la tappa più impor- tante del nostro viaggio per la ricchezza e la straordinarietà dei reperti conservati nei suoi musei. Purtroppo il più importante di questi, il Landesmuseum Mainz (www.lan- desmuseum-mainz.de), vede la sezione ar- cheologica, chiusa fino al 2010 per impor- tanti lavori di ristrutturazione. E’ uno dei più vecchi musei tedeschi e per gli oggetti contenuti (in particolare elmi e i bassorilie- vi delle colonne del periodo di Vespasiano, forse di pertinenza del Praetorium) un ap- puntamento irrinunciabile (ma solo dopo il 2010! sigh!!). Contiene numerosi reperti ro- mani, stele funerarie, monumenti in pietra, elmi ed armi, gioielli, bassorilievi, pitture e sculture, provenienti da scavi realizzati nel- la regione. In particolare la famosa colon- na di Giove (Jüpiterssaule). Numerosi ed interessanti sono anche i reperti di epoca celta. Affranti ed abbattuti dalla notizia, oltretut- to non presente sul loro sito, sotto la piog- gia ci dirigiamo al Museum für Antike Schif- fahrt (www.rgzm.de/Navis/home/fra- mes.htm), il museo delle navi antiche do- ve sono conservati i resti di sei imbarcazio- ni (di cui una mercantile) della fine del I se- colo d.C. Il museo sorge nel luogo del ri- trovamento delle navi, avvenuta nel 1981 mentre si scavava per costruire un palazzo. Successivamente, allargando lo scavo sono state rinvenute le altre e si è deciso di man- tenerle sul posto. Straordinarie per bellez- za e emozionanti, sono le ricostruzione di didascalia ottobre/dicembre 2007 61 Ars Historiae Limes Germanico ria è la ricostruzione di un Mi- treo a dimensioni reali con i suoi colori originali. Nella città è possibile visitare l’interessante Archäologi- sche Garten ed ovviamente non vanno dimenticati gli sca- vi di Nida. IV Giorno A soli 20 Km sorge il comples- so di SAALBURG (6 km da Bad Homburg vor der Höhe): la ricostruzione del castrum rinvenuto durante gli scavi ar- cheologici. Il forte fu edificato, come ope- ra difensiva, probabilmente a partire dalle operazioni mili- tari di Domiziano contro i Cat- ti nel 83/85 d.C. ed inizialmen- te era costituito da palizzate e torri di avvistamento in legno e serviva al controllo delle co- municazioni attraverso il vici- no passo. La struttura cambiò molte volte durante i circa 160 didascalia anni della sua esistenza. Sot- to il regno di Adriano (117/138) fu edificato un for- Mater Magna rinvenuti nel 2000 durante gli che sapevo interessante, è chiusa fino a tem- te in muratura (221x147 metri) che fu se- scavi per realizzare un centro commercia- po da stabilire. de della cohors II Raetorum civium Roma- le e che rappresentano parte dei resti dei FRANCOFORTE SUL MENO dista solo 30 norum di circa 500 uomini. Ma anche que- templi dedicati alla divinità egizia Iside e al- Km: durante le campagne germaniche di sta parte del limes venne abbandonata in- la divinità orientale Mater Magna. Entram- Vespasiano qui venne edificato un campo torno al 260 ed occupato, successivamen- bi i templi furono utilizzati probabilmente militare romano che, dopo l’abbandono del- te, dalle popolazioni germaniche. A partire fino al III secolo d.C. Intorno all’area sono la zona, si sviluppò portando alla costituzio- dalla metà del 19° secolo iniziarono gli sca- stati ritrovate oltre 300 lampade ad olio, re- ne della città di Nida, abitata almeno fino al vi archeologici che portarono alla luce par- sti di frutti (datteri, fichi, nocciole, semi di 260. Una città importante con case, bagni te del forte e delle vicine abitazioni. Nel cereali), che venivano bruciati sugli altari, pubblici, un teatro, negozi e edifici religio- 1913 furono riedificate, da parte dei solda- ossa di animali che provano l’esistenza di si.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 3Rd Centuries Ad Study on Roman Provinces from Middle Danube To
    COUNTERFEITING ROMAN SILVER COINS IN THE 1ST – 3RD CENTURIES A.D. STUDY ON ROMAN PROVINCES FROM MIDDLE DANUBE TO LOWER RHINE Abstract: The newly written paper for Roman imperial silver coins is expanding the studied area of counterfeited silver coins discovered on Răzvan Bogdan Gaspar archaeological sites by analyzing a hole geographic region stretching from the University Babeş-Bolyai of Cluj-Napoca middle Danube in the East to the shores of the lower Rhine in the West. [email protected] Aiming to prove the existence of a centralize pattern regarding silver plated coins distribution, the study expanded its investigation to include the random appearance of hybrid and plated hybrid coins. Besides this the focus will remain on counterfeited pieces, their proportions and distribution, with a smaller case study for the Severian period during when most plated pieces DOI: 10.14795/j.v5i1.300 were dated for. Towards the end of the study new results can finally support previous debated ISSN 2360 – 266X arguments regarding coin distribution and patterns of distribution in frontier ISSN–L 2360 – 266X provinces, alongside with Rome’s approach to silver plated pieces. Keywords: Roman Empire, silver, coins, Denarius, Antoninianus, numismatics, Dacia, Pannonia, Noricum, Raetia, Germania Superior, Germania Inferior, Gallia Belgica, hybrid, plates, graphs, coefficients. INTRODUCTION he studied area includes sites from Roman provinces of Dacia, Pannonia, Noricum, Raetia, Germania Superior, Germania Inferior Tand Gallia Belgica. This layout was chosen because of its geographical and historical background, the Roman Danube and Rhine frontiers being settled in these regions between the I and III centuries A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Roman Frontier1
    Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Impact of Empire Roman Empire, c. 200 B.C.–A.D. 476 Edited by Olivier Hekster (Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) Editorial Board Lukas de Blois Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt Elio Lo Cascio Michael Peachin John Rich Christian Witschel VOLUME 21 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/imem Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Edited by Daniëlle Slootjes and Michael Peachin LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016036673 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1572-0500 isbn 978-90-04-32561-6 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-32675-0 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rhine Provinces
    CHAPTER FOUR THE RHINE PROVINCES Germania superior and inferior 1) Short Historical Survey Caesar's campaigns in Gaul, apart from population displacements and decimations, resulted in a transfer of the Roman border to the Rhine (Rhenus). Augustus tried to extend the German frontier from the Rhine to the Elbe (Albus) but Drusus' death in 9 BCE temporarily stopped the advance. Then Augustus sent Tiberius to secure Germania for Rome and in 4 CE the area between the Rhine, the Elbe, the North Sea and the European highlands (Erzgebirge) was thought a province in the phase of occupation1• Arminius' devast­ ating strike against the Romans in 9 CE brought about the elimina­ tion of three legions, six auxiliary cohorts, and three alae under the command of P. Quinctilius Varus2• It depleted Roman combat effec­ tiveness but did not break the Roman willingness to venture further into the area west of the Rhine. Drusus' son Germanicus set out against the various Germanic tribes in 14 and 15 CE. Again, Arminius inflicted heavy losses on the Romans. Germanicus' offensive in 16 CE was more successful. He defeated his German nemesis, Arminius, twice, but the Roman fleet, with which the Roman troops were transported from the Lower Rhine to the operational area, suffered considerable storm damage on its return. At this point, the emperor Tiberius recalled Germanicus, stopped the campaign and with it, the Augustan policy of conquesr. Germanicus received a triumph (the Roman equivalent of declaring victory and pulling out) and was sent to take care of the eastern provinces for which he was granted an imperium maius.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Status of the Cult of Mithras in the Tetrarchic Period: a Socio-Archaeological Approach Author: David Walsh Pages: 141–152
    Paper Information: Title: Understanding the Status of the Cult of Mithras in the Tetrarchic Period: A Socio-Archaeological Approach Author: David Walsh Pages: 141–152 DOI: http://doi.org/10.16995/TRAC2015_141_152 Publication Date: 16/03/2016 Volume Information: Mandich, M.J., Derrick, T.J., Gonzalez Sanchez, S., Savani, G., and Zampieri, E. (eds) 2016. TRAC 2015: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Leicester 2015. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Copyright and Hardcopy Editions: The following paper was originally published in print format by Oxbow Books for TRAC. Hard copy editions of this volume may still be available, and can be purchased direct from Oxbow at http://www.oxbowbooks.com. TRAC has now made this paper available as Open Access through an agreement with the publisher. Copyright remains with TRAC and the individual author(s), and all use or quotation of this paper and/or its contents must be acknowledged. This paper was released in digital Open Access format in April 2019. Understanding the Status of the Cult of Mithras in the Tetrarchic Period: A Socio-Archaeological Approach David Walsh Introduction In A.D. 307 the Tetrarchic emperors met for a conference at the town and legionary fortress of Carnuntum on the Danube frontier. During the course of their stay they restored a Mithraic temple and erected an altar to Mithras which referred to the deity, who was never part of the offi cial pantheon of Roman gods, as the ‘Protector of the Empire’ (CIMRM 1698). Around the same time, the fellow Pannonian town of Gorsium was reconstructed, having been destroyed in the late third century.
    [Show full text]
  • Romans in Rome: a Reception of Romans in the Roman Context of Ethnicity and Faith
    Durham E-Theses Reading Romans in Rome: A Reception of Romans in the Roman Context of Ethnicity and Faith HOLDSWORTH, BENJAMIN,EVANS How to cite: HOLDSWORTH, BENJAMIN,EVANS (2009) Reading Romans in Rome: A Reception of Romans in the Roman Context of Ethnicity and Faith, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/214/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Reading Romans in Rome: A Reception of Romans in the Roman Context of Ethnicity and Faith Thesis Submission for a Doctor of Philosophy To the University of Durham Durham, United Kingdom By Benjamin Evans Holdsworth, Jr. July 2009 Declaration I hereby declare that the work included in this thesis is original. No part of this thesis has been submitted for a degree elsewhere in the United Kingdom, or in any other country or university.
    [Show full text]
  • The Romanisation of the Civitas Vangionum Ralph Haeussler
    The Romanisation of the Civitas Vangionum Ralph Haeussler To cite this version: Ralph Haeussler. The Romanisation of the Civitas Vangionum. Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeol- ogy, 1994, 15, 1993 (1994), pp.41-104. halshs-00371598 HAL Id: halshs-00371598 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00371598 Submitted on 30 Mar 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Romanisation of the Civitas Vangionum by RALPH HÄUSSLER* INTRODUCTION With the arrival of the Romans in Northern Gaul, the effects of Romanisation can almost immediately be detected in what was to become the Northern Provinces which include the territory of the Vangiones under consideration here. The typical remains of Roman culture – well known from the Mediterranean world – now appear in large quantities; for example, we find Latin epigraphy and Roman-style pottery, especially terra sigillata, and also roads, and architecture incorporating Roman building techniques. The few typical artefacts of pre- Roman culture are often dated to pre-Roman times (i.e. La Tène DT1) because of difficulties of dating non-Romanized sites into the Roman period. In addition, there seem to be hardly any archaeological contexts where La Tène and Roman artefacts are found together.2 Only in certain periods of German historiography,3 when a German(ic) omnipresence was being stressed for nationalistic reasons, was the Roman era described as a time of occupation with an emphasis on the continuity and resistance of the Germanic tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Status of the Cult of Mithras.Pdf
    Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Walsh, David (2016) Understanding the Status of the Cult of Mithras in the Tetrarchic Period: A Socio-Archaeological Approach. Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal, 1 . pp. 141-152. DOI https://doi.org/10.16995/TRAC2015_141_152 Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/62902/ Document Version Publisher pdf Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html Paper Information: Title: Understanding the Status of the Cult of Mithras in the Tetrarchic Period: A Socio-Archaeological Approach Author: David Walsh Pages: 141–152 DOI: http://doi.org/10.16995/TRAC2015_141_152 Publication Date: 16/03/2016 Volume Information: Mandich, M.J., Derrick, T.J., Gonzalez Sanchez, S., Savani, G., and Zampieri, E. (eds) 2016. TRAC 2015: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Leicester 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Das Grab Eines Germanischen Offiziers Aus NIDA-Heddernheim (?) L in Den Jahren 1907 Und 1908 Hat G
    Peter Fasold, Grab eines germanischen Offiziers aus NIDA-Heddernheim 601 Das Grab eines germanischen Offiziers aus NIDA-Heddernheim (?) L In den Jahren 1907 und 1908 hat G. Wolff vor dem Nordtor in NIDA große Bereiche des Gräberfelds an der römischen Straße zum Feldberg gegraben und dokumentiert12. Ein Großteil der Bestattungen stammt aus der Zeit, als der Vorort der Civitas Taunensium während der Herrschaft der Kaiser Vespasian bis Traian noch Garnisonsplatz war3. Gegen Ende des 2. Jahrhunderts begann man dann vor allem in den westlichen und nördlichen Bereichen des Friedhofs mit der Anlage von meist beigabenarmen Körpergräbern. Brandbestattungen treten dort in der ersten Hälfte des 3. Jahrhunderts immer mehr zurück4. 5 Im Nordteil des Gräberfelds konnte eine teilweise zerstörte Körperbestattung (Grab 263) freigelegt werden, deren Orientierung unbekannt ist (Abb. l)s und die als Beigaben nur noch eine silberne Scharnierarmfibel Almgren 1876, eine ebenfalls silberne Riemen­ zunge7 und einen Tonbecher enthielt8. Da die Stücke ein bezeichnendes Licht auf die letzte Phase der Ortsgeschichte werfen, sollen sie hier einer näheren Betrachtung unterzogen werden (Abb. 2; 4)9. Der Querschnitt der langen Scharnierarme und des halbkreisförmigen Bügels der Fibel ist sechseckig (Abb. 2,1; 4,1 )10. 11Der kräftig ausgeprägte Bügelknopf und die beiden seitlichen, auf die Scharnierarme aufgesetzten Knöpfe sind facettiert. Daneben ist die Fibel aber durch einige Merkmale gekennzeichnet, die sie als Sonderform erscheinen lassen11. Der Bügel sitzt auf den Scharnierarmen mit einer dreiseitigen, leicht geschweiften Platte auf, die noch Spuren von Feuervergoldung zeigt. Am Fußteil ist die Bügelbasis mit drei runden Knöpfen verziert, anders als die herkömmlichen Fibeln dieses Typs, die hier meist mit einer Bügelscheibe abgeschlossen sind.
    [Show full text]
  • Everyday-Life on the Pannonian Limes: Houses and Their Inner Decoration in Roman Brigetio (Komárom/Szőny, Hungary)
    László Borhy, Everyday-life on... (34-62) Histria Antiqua, 20/2011 László Borhy EverYdaY-LIFE ON the Pannonian Limes: Houses and THEIR INNER Decoration IN Roman Brigetio (KomÁrom/SZőNY, HungarY) László Borhy Department of Classical and Roman Provincial Archaeology of the UDK 904:<728.8:75.052>(398 Panonija-18)“00/02“ Eötvös Loránd University Original scientific paper Múzeum krt. 4B Received: 2.07.2011. H – 1088 Budapest Approved: 16.08.2011. e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] rigetio, currently known as Komárom/Szőny in Hungary, was one of the 4 legionary fortresses situated on the Danu- bian limes of the Roman province of Pannonia. The military complex was partially excavated in the first half of the B20th century, but the civilian settlement was archaeologically wholly untouched until 1992. This means, apart from the nearly 300 Latin inscriptions which belong to the approximately 400 years of Roman history of Brigetio and give impor- tant information on the administrative, religious, civilian, and military life of this town, we had absolutely no archaeological data on what this settlement looked like. The excavations that were started nearly 20 years ago have brought new light not only on the general system of the Roman municipium (insulae, streets and alleys, water and wastewater systems, houses and courtyards, public buildings), but also on their particular features. One of the most important discoveries of the excavations are the abundant wall paintings of very high quality from the middle of the 3rd century AD, which represent interesting sym- bolic themes, for example of time and space on a ceiling of a dining-room, or the representation of a feast on a wall painting.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Confluences Between East and West in the Roman Empire
    Orientalische Religionen in der Antike Ägypten, Israel, Alter Orient Oriental Religions in Antiquity Egypt, Israel, Ancient Near East (ORA) Herausgegeben von / Edited by Angelika Berlejung (Leipzig) Joachim Friedrich Quack (Heidelberg) Annette Zgoll (Göttingen) 22 Entangled Worlds: Religious Confluences between East and West in the Roman Empire The Cults of Isis, Mithras, and Jupiter Dolichenus Edited by Svenja Nagel, Joachim Friedrich Quack, and Christian Witschel Mohr Siebeck SVENJA NAGEL, born 1984; studied Egyptology and Classical Archaeology; 2015 PhD; since 2016 Research Associate at the Institutes of Egyptology of Wuerzburg University and Heidelberg University. JOACHIM FRIEDRICH QUACK, born 1966; studied Egyptology, Semitics and Biblical Archaeology; 1993 PhD; 2003 Habilitation; since 2005 Full Professor of Egyptology at Heidelberg University. CHRISTIAN WITSCHEL, born 1966; studied Ancient and Modern History, Prehistoric and Classical Archaeo- logy; 1998 PhD; 2004 Habilitation; since 2005 Full Professor of Ancient History at Heidelberg University. Published with financial support from the Cluster of Excellence “Asia and Europe in a Global Context”. ISBN 978-3-16-154730-0 / eISBN 978-3-16-154731-7 ISSN 1869-0513 (Orientalische Religionen in der Antike) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2017 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. www.mohr.de This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Gulde Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Spinner in Ottersweier.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Fifteen. the Roman Empire at Its Zenith to 235 CE.Pdf
    Chapter Fifteen The Roman Empire at its Zenith (to 235 CE) In retrospect we can see that a decline of the Roman empire began in the reign of Marcus Aurelius (161-180), when the Germanic barbarians along the Rhine and especially the Danube discovered that the Romans were not well equipped to fight wars on two fronts. When the emperor, that is, was preoccupied with a war against the Parthians in Mesopotamia, the Roman frontier along and beyond the Danube was poorly defended, and the barbarians could make raids deep into the Roman provinces. Despite the danger of wars on two fronts, the Roman empire was able to manage well enough from the 160s until 235, when the decline became precipitous, and brought with it radical economic, cultural and religious changes. This chapter, therefore, will look at the empire in its relatively golden period, from the first century until the death of Alexander Severus, the last of the Severi, in 235. The classes This was a stratified, hierarchical society in all ways. In civic status the top of the pyramid was the emperor, followed by Roman provincial governors, senators and other officials, then by the local gentry, and next by the rank and file of Roman citizens. Of all the free men in the empire, only about a third ranked as Roman citizens. Right behind the Romans were the Hellenes (in the Greek-speaking eastern provinces the Hellenes were enrolled as such in the municipal census), then came Judaeans, and finally the other barbarians. So in Alexandria an “Egyptian” had fewer privileges than Judaeans and Hellenes, and far fewer than Romans.
    [Show full text]
  • Lipps: Fasold Et Al., Römischer Bestattungsplatz Frankfurt-Zeilsheim
    302 Lipps: Fasold et al., Römischer Bestattungsplatz Frankfurt-Zeilsheim Eine zusammenfassende Auswertung, die sich auch unter zusätzlichen Fragestellungen mit be- kanntem Material auseinandersetzt und somit neue Aussagen ermöglichen kann, ist grundsätzlich zu begrüßen. Der vorliegende Band ersetzt dabei keine Überblicksdarstellung, so sind beispiels- weise Befunde wie die Tore der großen augusteischen Befestigung (zusammenfassend Driessen 2007, 44–49 mit Rekonstruktion des Osttors Fig. 16) hier kein Thema. Im Zusammenspiel von Auswertungen und methodischen Überlegungen kommen in den einzelnen Kapiteln gelegentlich Wiederholungen vor. In den drei längeren Beiträgen sind manche Aussagen trotz der jeweiligen Zusammenfassungen etwas versteckt und könnten auch pointierter formuliert sein. Sehr positiv ist herauszuheben, dass das Buch bereits kurz nach Erscheinen online als PDF frei verfügbar war (abgerufen am 15.7.2019: https://english.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publications/publications/2016/01/01/ no-19-four-approaches-to-the-analysis-of-pre-roman-nijmegen). D–40227 Düsseldorf Raymund Gottschalk Kruppstraße 97 E-Mail: [email protected] Peter Fasold / Andrea Hampel / Markus Scholz / Marianne Tabaczek, Der römische Bestattungsplatz von Frankfurt am Main­Zeilsheim. Schriften des Archäologischen Museums Frankfurt Band 26. Verlag Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2016. € 49.95. ISBN 978-3-7954- 2974-4. 317 pages with 315 illustrations and 3 inserts. In 1990, extensive field-walking was conducted by the Office for Archaeological Heritage Manage- ment, under the direction of Margarete Dohrn-Ihmig, in the predominantly agricultural district of Zeilsheim at the western edge of the city of Frankfurt. Two sites (ZEI 18 and ZEI 19) in the area known as the “Langgewähr Flur” proved to be of particular interest; here, unusually large numbers of fragments of Roman pottery were collected and, in the case of ZEI 19, fragments of Roman building rubble.
    [Show full text]