Research Priorities for Dance Education
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Research Priorities for Dance Education: A Report to the Nation Edited by: Jane M. Bonbright, Ed.D. and Rima Faber, Ph.D. Jane M. Bonbright, Ed.D. • Karen K. Bradley, M.A. • Loren Bucek, Ph.D Rima Faber, Ph.D. • Sara Lee Gibb, M.A. • Thomas K. Hagood, Ph.D. Susan Koff, Ed.D. • Carol M. Press, Ed.D. Funded By: The U.S. Department of Education Office of Education Research and Improvement Washington, D.C. These contents do not necessarily represent the policies of the U.S. Department of Education, and the reader should not assume endorsement by the federal government. National Dance Education Organization 4948 St. Elmo Ave., Suite #301 Bethesda, MD 20814-6065 Contributing Authors and Acknowledgements The National Dance Education Organization extends great appreciation to all key personnel for their dedication, expertise, vision and willingness to build new foundations for dance education in research and education. NDEO thanks the field researchers for their knowledge and ability to uncover the wealth of literature hidden in library stacks and even closets across the nation that otherwise might be lost forever. Key Personnel: Jane M. Bonbright, Ed.D., Project Director, Research in Dance Education and Executive Director, National Dance Education Organization Rima Faber, Ph.D., Research Director, Research in Dance Education and Program Director, National Dance Education Organization Thomas K. Hagood, Ph.D., Chair, Unpublished Literature Carol M. Press, Ed.D., Coordinator, Unpublished Literature Karen K. Bradley, M.A., C.M.A., Chair, Published Literature in Dance Education Loren Bucek, Ph.D., Coordinator, Published Literature in Dance Education Susan Koff, Ed.D., Chair, Published Literature in Other Disciplines Sara Lee Gibb, M.S., Coordinator, Published Literature in Other Disciplines Richard Colwell, Ph.D., Research Consultant Mary Edsall, Ph.D., M.L.S., Dance, Library Science Consultant Unpublished Documents Published Literature in Published Literature in Field Researchers Dance Education Other Disciplines Barbara Ben-Ezra, Ph.D. Field Researchers Field Researchers Lauren Bracey, M.F.A. Donald Atwood, Ph.D. Patricia Cohen, M.A. Patricia Cohen, M.A. Candice Christakos, M.A. Anne Dunkin, Ph.D. Melinda Copel, Ed.D. Patricia Cohen, M.A. Amy Farhood, M.A. Colleen Dunagan, Ph.D. Martha Eddy, Ed.D. Lori Lara, B.A. Anne Dunkin, Ph.D. Karen Hartnagle, M.A. Sandra Minton, Ph.D. Joanna Harris, Ph.D. Ann Mosey, M.F.A. Pamela Musil, M.A. Deborah Hurley, M.F.A. Cynthia Noble, Ed.D. Lynnette Overby, Ph.D. Maureen Jansen, M.F.A. Sasha Randall, B.F.A. Patricia Reedy, M.S.Ed Ilana Al-Hajj Morgan, B.F.A. Michael Richter, M.A. Joan Walton, M.A. John Morris, M.A. Martha Ming Whitfield, M.Ed. Karen Mozingo, M.F.A. Pamela Musil, M.A. Gretchen Pick, M.F.A. Information Technology Systems Data Entry Douglas Risner, Ph.D. Ray Nedzel, M.A. Regina Blaine, B.S. Virginia Shuker, M.S.Ed Anthony Bone, B.S. Cynthia Lieberman, B.A. Pegge Vissicaro, Ph.D. Paul Atkins, B.S. John Niemi, M.A. Ted Warburton, Ed.D. Ashley Walton, B.A. The Research in Dance Education (RDE) project is indebted to Thomas K. Hagood, Florida International University, Miami, for his significant contributions as senior key personnel to the direction of the project in the course of four years. NDEO thanks Information Technology Systems staff members Ray Nedzel, Anthony Bone and Paul Atkins for all technologies associated with RDEdb online development and management. Their efforts have made this project web available to the nation. The RDE project recognizes interns April Bell, a student from the University of the Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for her assistance in processing and verifying data; and, Deanna Costa, a student from the University of Maryland, College Park, for methodical database searches. Of course, no report could do without the invaluable assistance of editors, and for that we thank, again, Thomas K. Hagood; Anne Dunkin, California State University, Fullerton; and Tom O’Brien, Heldref Publications, Washington, D.C. Finally, we express our appreciation to colleagues representing the arts and education organizations with whom we network at national and state levels for their daily support of dance arts education in classrooms throughout America. i Foreword The Research in Dance Education (RDE) project grew out of a long-term national need in dance education – a need to know what researchers in dance and allied fields have studied over 80 years, what they learned, and if, and how, existing research impacted teaching and learning in and through dance. As dance educators, we knew that research had been done in dance and that it began to accumulate following the development of the world’s first dance major program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1926. Over the decades this research was deposited in libraries scattered all over the country, finding a home in the literature and research of our and other disciplines – faculty published their work when and where they could. What our field lacked was a comprehensive knowledge of what was written; by whom, where it was located, and what promise this hidden resource might have for teaching and learning in and through dance. In 2001, the National Dance Education Organization received funding for a three year project from the United States Department of Education that allowed the discipline of dance, for the first time, to identify and analyze existing literature and research in dance/movement education from 1926 to the present. The Research in Dance Education project set out to answer the following questions: • What research exists in dance education? When was it done? Where is it? • What patterns, trends, and gaps may be identified by analysis of these data? • What are the implications for understanding the scope of this information for dance, arts education, and U.S. education? • What recommendations for the future of dance arts education may grow out of this project? The Research Priorities for Dance Education: A Report to the Nation (2004) provides a summary of the information gleaned over 76 years of literature and research in dance education. The Research in Dance Education database (RDEdb), available online at www.ndeo.org/research, contains vast amounts of information for more than 2,800 documents, 2,339 of which comprise the study. Knowing what literature exists, putting it into historical context, and understanding its content, implications, and impact has made it possible to reveal important patterns, trends, and gaps that have emerged in dance/movement education research over time. The discovery and recovery of decades of field productivity has resulted in a reclaiming of our history, and a renewed appreciation for how learning in, through, and about dance enriches learning, working, and life itself. Jane Bonbright, Ed.D. Executive Director, National Dance Education Organization Project Director, Research in Dance Education ii Introduction Research in Dance Education Project The Research in Dance Education (RDE) project was executed in three phases: • Phase I: Data Collection; • Phase II: Data Analysis, Conclusions and Recommendations; and • Phase III: Development of the national web based Research in Dance Education database (RDEdb), publication of Research Priorities in Dance Education: A Report to the Nation, and the establishment of a Center for Research in Dance Education (Temple University, Philadelphia, PA). Literature and research (1926-2002) was accessed by field researchers in one of three content areas: (1) Unpublished Literature (dissertations, theses, conference proceedings, technical manuals, monographs, etc.); (2) Published Literature in Dance Education (articles, editorials, and reviews in periodicals; and federal publications); and (3) Published Literature in Other Disciplines (e.g. anthropology, cognition, ethnography, educational psychology, kinesiology, medicine and science, physical education, psychology, sociology, somatics, body therapies, and so forth). Thirty-seven field researchers and ten key personnel reviewed over 13,000 primary source materials in unpublished literature and research, and published literature in dance and other disciplines. Researchers scoured more than 110 collections in colleges and universities and reviewed 190 separate journal titles representing field research activity from 1926 to the present. Currently, the Research in Dance Education database (RDEdb) contains over 2,800 citations that document how the literature relates to 820 cells of information addressing U.S. Education Issues, Populations Served, and Areas of Service in dance. Research Priorities for Dance Education: A Report to the Nation This Report to the Nation contains an analysis and summation of the research uncovered during the 15 month collection phase (June 1, 2001 – August 31, 2002), “Phase 1: Data Collection,” of the Research in Dance Education project. The report’s purpose is to reveal the patterns, trends, and gaps of research produced between 1926 and the present. By illustrating research productivity in dance/movement education from its beginnings to the present, the report provides recommendations for dance education research in the twenty-first century. The research collected has been organized into three basic content areas as described above (Unpublished Documents, Published Literature in Dance Education, and Published Literature in Other Disciplines). Chapter 1: Methodology, written by Research in Dance Education Project Director, Jane M. Bonbright, outlines the three phases and methodology of the RDE project. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 review each of the three content areas in four time periods and present composite analyses of the patterns, trends, and gaps uncovered over 76 years of literature and research; and each Content Area Chair and Coordinator notes research methodologies appropriate to their field of study, as needed. Chapter 2: Unpublished Literature is written by Thomas K. Hagood (Chair) and Carol M. Press (Coordinator), Chapter 3: Published Literature in Dance Education is written by Karen K. Bradley (Chair) and Loren Bucek (Coordinator), and Chapter 4: Published Literature in Other Disciplines is authored by Susan Koff (Chair) and Sara Lee Gibb (Coordinator).