Articulating Dance Improvisation: Knowledge Practices in the College Dance Studio
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Articulating Dance Improvisation: Knowledge Practices in the College Dance Studio Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ashley Thorndike, B.F.A, M.Ed. Graduate Program in Dance Studies The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Candace Feck, Advisor Karen Eliot Jan Nespor Copyright Ashley Thorndike 2010 Abstract College dancers develop knowledge through physical, cognitive, and affective processes. This dissertation explores the dancer’s knowledge through an ethnography of one cohort of college dancers as they prepare for and perform in a concert of new works. This study focuses on danced knowledge—the competencies and capacities that dancers cultivate through a system of dance practices—by specifically targeting the epistemological beliefs of college dancers engaged in improvisatory dance practices. Through an investigation of the epistemologies of this small group of college dancers engaged in improvisation-based performance and choreography, this document opens for discussion the nature of knowledge that arises at the intersection of body, mind, and art. Using ethnographic participant/observation strategies and drawing from autoethnography, institutional ethnography and narrative inquiry, I have come to understand this population’s danced knowledge as fluid, interdependent, and contextual. Rooted in the physical practices of the form—messy, sweaty, tiring, and exhilarating—their understanding of knowledge is not merely about physical skill. Instead, while physicality is central, knowledge is constructed dialogically and interdependently with dancers developing their understandings in relation to each other and mentors as well as to the system and the values of the artistic form. ii Herein, I argue that danced knowledge in this population: 1) arises from sensation, 2) is constructed through dialogue, 3) is mediated by fallibility, and 4) is enabled through connectivity to the discipline and to a community of dancers. This study has implications for educators in dance and beyond, suggesting that the opportunities made available by an improvisatory mindset allow students to integrate physical/sensory, cognitive/analytic, and affective/emotional modalities to develop complex epistemologies. Furthermore, specifically within dance, this study has implications for college dance curricula, namely, the integration of improvisatory practice with opportunities for students to refine and articulate their understandings in ways that are accessible to a general population. iii Dedication For my grandmother Mildred Babbage Polk Weeks, whose stories of her aunt Mildred Ditto Babbage, a newspaper editor, have inspired me. iv Acknowledgments There are no solos. Even when dancing alone, we are in constant relationship. To Alex, Ally, Becca, Caitlin, Joanna, Leigh, Katie, Katie, Kelly, Meredith, Sarah, and Vicki: you shared so much with me; I humbly thank you. Your danced knowledge is simply stunning. Annie, thank you for sharing your process with me in such a vulnerable way. I’m so delighted to continue to dance for and with you and so lucky to have you as a reader, colleague, and friend. Laurie, my almost family, thank you for your continued support, your striking dancing, and your insightful way of being in this world. Thank you Norah for opening your class to my curious eyes. Michael, there is but a glimpse of portrait in this document, only because I have yet to explore the depth and resonance of my experience in this piece. Thank you, from one of your birdwomen. To my committee: Candace, Karen, and Jan. Candace, beyond the joys and terrors of your close readings, your approach to dance scholarship has forever enhanced and enabled my ways of knowing the field. Aesthetics and Criticism changed my life and having you as an advisor was invaluable. You are able to strike that delicate balance of encouragement and challenge and for that I am most grateful. Karen, three years ago during a summer technique class, we were moving across the floor and you came over to me, explained something, placed your hand just above my sacrum and pressed. I began the phrase and charged through the space as I had never done before. Thank you for changing my dancing in ways like that, many times over. Thank you for reading my bad v papers; thank you for teaching me what a comma splice is; thank you for our friendship, in Birdwomen and beyond. Jan, odd as it may sound, the notion that a group of researchers could sit in a circle and talk about one another’s work in a generative, lively fashion was mindblowing. Your research class taught me to first be interested, then be critical. That way of looking enabled this study. I began dancing at age 16 and felt as if I had come home. Two years later, I entered one of the most rigorous undergraduate programs. Throughout those years, I faltered, questioned everything, and had a few breakthroughs. A few years later, what I learned there fell into place and I committed myself to a life as a dance artist. To my amazing undergraduate classmates: thank you for your continued inspiration. To my graduate cohort: thank you for the office venting sessions, the shared syllabi, the many collaborations, and the spirit of embodied inquiry. Special thanks to Anna, Kate, Yen-Fang, and Yu. Most importantly, to Annie Beserra and Adriana—to you two, two very different thank yous. Annie, your masterful critical thinking and generous spirit inspired me to not only do, but to think about that which we do. Dancing Jenkins Farm Project fundamentally shifted my understandings of liminality, performance, and audience relationships. I look forward to future projects. Beyond that, our friendship is dear to my heart. Adriana, your complex epistemology captivates me. Smart, physical, and critical, you embody danced knowledge. Thank you for your kind friendship and your uncompromising standards. Indeed, the ideas in this dissertation are nothing you don’t know—as they are what you do. vi Abby, Ming, and Mimu, thank you for the warm home, fried tofu skins, never- ending conversations, and the glorious perspective of childhood. To Kim and Winx: thank you always. My sense of leadership comes straight from my work with you on the Young Women Leaders Program at the University of Virginia. To Dr. Ellis: thank you for your advice and your skill; I’m thrilled to begin dancing again. To the dance departments at Ohio State University, Oberlin College, and the University of Utah: thank you for all the challenges and opportunities. I value my relationships above all else but during this period of intensive writing, I’ve ignored too many voicemails and emails. To my friends: thank you all for understanding. And now, I’m back. I’ve been blessed with an amazingly strong, supportive, and individuated family. To Louise, Alan, Stewart, & John: thank you. Karim, I love you. This last stretch would have been a miserable one without you. Thank you for your love, support, and cheerleading. I am at home when with you and I am with you, even when we are apart. Lastly, I am most excited about returning to the studio. To my creative partner Peter, I look forward to discussing our dissertations in the past tense and our projects in the present! To my dancers, Laurie, Annie, Meghan, Annie, Adriana, Hannah, Keira, Dinah, Mandy, and whomever else I can recruit to come slice, drop, sweat, hit, and soar with me for this next project: send me your schedules, I’m ready to work. vii Vita 2000............................................ B. F. A. Modern Dance, University of Utah 2003............................................ M.Ed. Counselor Education, University of Virginia 2004-5..................................….. Associate Director, Young Women Leaders Program University of Virginia Spring 2010 ............................... Visiting Assistant Professor, Oberlin College Major Field: Dance Studies viii Table of Contents Dedication......................................................................................................................iv Abstract.......................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments...........................................................................................................v Vita ............................................................................................................................. viii List of Figures ............................................................................................................. xiii Prelude ............................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: Introduction..................................................................................................10 What Does it Mean to Know in the Field of Dance? ..................................................10 Why Study the Dimensions of Danced Knowledge? ..................................................13 Need for the Study.....................................................................................................15 What is Danced Knowledge?.....................................................................................17 On Dance in Higher Education ..................................................................................19 Overview of Chapters................................................................................................21