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THE RECEPTION in NINETEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND of CZECH LITERATURE and of the CZECH LITERARY REVIVAL by JAMES DUNCAN NAUGHTON of Churchill College

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THE RECEPTION in NINETEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND of CZECH LITERATURE and of the CZECH LITERARY REVIVAL by JAMES DUNCAN NAUGHTON of Churchill College THE RECEPTION IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND OF CZECH LITERATURE AND OF THE CZECH LITERARY REVIVAL by JAMES DUNCAN NAUGHTON of Churchill College Dissertation submitted for the degree of Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge CAMBRIDGE 1977 Electronic version – Oxford, 2008 Ph.D. degree awarded 1978. This is an electronically scanned version of the author’s original typescript, with minor typographical adjustments, including endnotes converted to footnotes. Original page numbers are indicated in the margins. The author’s few later amendments have been marked in colour. Spelling mistakes have been silently corrected. The text is otherwise unaltered and not updated, improved or revised. Associated publications by the author: ‘Morfill and the Czechs’, Oxford Slavonic Papers, new series 17, 1984. Also as: ‘Morfill a Češi’, Čeština doma a ve světě, vol. 12 (Prague, 2004), nos. 3-4, 247-261. ‘Czech Literature in Britain: From Bowring to Strickland’, in GroßBritannien, die USA und die böhmischen Länder 1848–1938, ed. E. Schmidt-Hartmann and S. B. Winters, Bad Wiesseer Tagungen des Collegium Carolinum, 16, Munich: Oldenbourg, 1991. ‘Čelakovský, Bowring a Panna jezerní’, in: Růže stolistá: F. L. Čelakovský 1799–1999, Strakonice: Muzeum středního Pootaví, 1999, pp. 101-106. © 2008 James D. Naughton 2 Contents Contents 3 Preface 5 1 Introduction7 2 Bowring’s Predecessors, 1800–18289 3 Bowring’s Slavonic Studies 13 4 Bowring and Czech Literature, 1826–28 17 5 The Foreign Quarterly Review Article 29 6 Čelakovský and the Cheskian Anthology 47 7 The Aftermath of the Cheskian Anthology 59 8 Wratislaw’s Early Czech Studies, 1849–58 67 9 Wratislaw’s Protestant Studies, 1859–73 81 10 Wratislaw’s Medieval and Hussite Studies, 1874–92 93 11 Travellers and Others, 1836–47 107 12 Morfill and the Czechs, 1870–1909 115 13 Athenaeum Surveys, 1874–1900 135 14 Translators of the Eighties and Nineties 149 15 Conclusion 159 Bibliography 167 Primary Literature ................................. 167 3 Chief Secondary Literature ............................ 175 Index of Personal Names 181 4 Preface Work on this study began in Prague, in 1972–3, on a ten-month British Council p.iii scholarship to Prague, and continued with a three-year studentship from the Scottish Education Department. Without their liberal financial support, including a further British Council scholarship to Czechoslovakia, the research would have been quite impossible, and I am much indebted to them for all their assistance. I should like to thank the following Czechoslovak institutions and their staff for their indispensable help and encouragement, and for graciously making available manuscript archive material for my consultation: Literární archiv Památníku národního písemnictví (the source for most of the correspondence of Bowring, Wratislaw, Morfill and others), Náprstkovo muzeum (Náprstek papers and a useful scrapbook of newspaper cuttings entitled ‘Čechové mimo vlast’ in several volumes), Knihovna Národního muzea (e.g. ‘Bohemica’ of Jan Jeník z Bratřic, inscriptions in books), Archiv Národního muzea (Rieger papers), Ústřední archiv Akademie věd (Matice česká archives). I should also like to thank the following for their additional help and prompt answers to requests for information: Státní knihovna ČSR, Státní ústřední archiv v Praze, Státní archiv v Opavě | (also, pobočka Olomouc), Státní archiv v Třeboni, Okresní archiv v Přerově (also, p.iv pracoviště v Potštátě). I am also grateful for invaluable consultations with Dr. Vladimír Štěpánek, Prof. J. V. Polišenský and the late Prof. Otakar Vočadlo, all of whom gave me much useful advice. In Britain I have been able to draw from archive material and obtained much essen- tial information from the following libraries and archives: The Brotherton Collection of the University of Leeds (the Gosse papers), Churchill College Archives (Dilke Papers, by kind permission of Capt. Stephen Roskill), Taylor Institution Library (the Morfill Collection of Slavonic books, examined at the suggestion of the Slavonic librarian David Howells and Prof. J. S. G. Simmons), Christ’s College Library Cambridge (the Wratislaw Collection of Slavonic books), British Library Reference Division (British Museum) London, Public Record Office, Cambridge University Library, National Library of Scotland, University College Library London, University of London Library (a most informative thesis on the political career of John Bowring by George F. Bartle). My humblest thanks are due in particular to E. Piers Tyrrell, of the Cambridge University Library, in conjunction with Prof. Robert Auty of Oxford, for so kindly passing to me his large file of correspondence with the present members ofthe Wratislaw family in England, accumulated in an alas | vain attempt to trace the p.v 5 whereabouts of A. H. Wratislaw’s papers, which, like Morfill’s and Ralston’s, seem to have been destroyed. Piers Tyrrell also kindly allowed me to compare his copies of Wratislaw’s letters with my own, where our findings overlapped. Indirectly I owe a debt of gratitude to Mrs Ursula E. L. Wratislaw and Mrs Nancy Wratislaw, who supplied copies of W. F. Wratislaw’s letters to J. M. T. Wratislaw and associated correspondence, and also discovered an isolated letter to A. H. Wratislaw from Jan V. Lego secreted in the pages of a book. Recently In my researches into the somewhat enigmatic Walter Strickland, I have received great assistance from members of the Strickland-Constable family – especially Lady Lettice and Sir Robert F. Strickland-Constable and Rev. and Mrs. Denzil Wright. My heartfelt gratitude and apologies for making them suffer for so long are extended to my indefatigable and patient supervisor Karel Brušák, who gave himself the unwelcome task of proof-reading on top of all his manifold advice and assistance at every stage, and my dear wife Shu-Ching, who as well as helping to sort out hundreds of cards for the index assisted in so many other ways. Lastly I must add that this dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration. The work, including | p.vi notes, does not exceed the limit of 80,000 words, as specified by the Faculty of Modern and Medieval Languages. For all mistakes and infelicities of judgment I alone am finally responsible. I hope that readers will not hesitate to inform me of any errors, which I have doubtless made, and that they will not feel their time in reading quite utterly wasted. James Duncan Naughton 27 October 1977 6 Chapter 1 Introduction Literary traffic between England and Bohemia in the nineteenth-century wasmostly p.1 one-way, from England to Bohemia. What traffic there was in the opposite direction consisted very largely of historical writing and a certain amount of literature in the natural sciences, either written originally in German or translated into that language. Translations from Czech into English were extremely few and far between. Thus, although a certain knowledge of Bohemian history was accessible to the English historian equipped with German, Czech imaginative writing in the vernacular was practically unavailable to the English reader. It is true that a little of this was available in German translation, but it is doubtful whether the English reader of German literature would often have found his way to these. To speak of any literary echoes, even the faintest, of Czech imaginative writing in the English world of letters would be impossible, unless some author of note could be found on whom Czech literature exerted any significant impact; for this there seems to be no substantial evidence in the period under consideration, and little enough indeed in more recent times. A few geographic or thematic connections with Bohemia in nineteenth-century | English verse or prose do nothing to diminish this assertion, p.2 for they have nothing to do with Czech vernacular literature itself. Many personal connections of writers with Bohemia through friends and visits could likewise be enumerated, but the vast majority have little or nothing to do with Czech literary endeavours. It follows that any account of Czech literature as it was presented – intermittently – to the English reader in the nineteenth century is likely to have little to say about the central currents of English poetry, fiction or criticism, as generally conceived. Presentations of Czech writing, whether in translations or in the form of critical notices, never advanced, so to speak, more than an occasional half-step beyond the ephemeral fringes of English letters, and much of the material dealt with in this account has practically never been written about, if at all. On the other hand, the themes treated are generally quite familiar, as one would expect, to the Czech reader, and especially the Czech literary historian. The Czech writer or literary historian, indeed, working in his own context, had tended to ascribe rather more importance to these few English 7 1. Introduction publications in terms of foreign recognition than the circumstances would appear to p.3 warrant. | Relations maintained between the Czech literary world and the scattered British individuals who acted as their English literary agents – as comparative literature studies have defined the function – were vital to the furtherance of such minimal awareness as there can have been of Czech writing in England. An account of these Anglo- Czech literary communications, insofar as they may be reconstructed from archival correspondence and other sources, forms the bulk
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