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Hellenistic Central Asia: Current Research, New Directions
Hellenistic Central Asia: Current Research, New Directions Inaugural Colloquium of the Hellenistic Central Asia Research Network (HCARN) Department of Classics, University of Reading (UK) 15-17 April 2016 ABSTRACTS All conference sessions will be held in Lecture Room G 15, Henley Business School, University of Reading Whiteknights Campus. Baralay, Supratik (University of Oxford) The Arsakids between the Seleucids and the Achaemenids Abstract pending. Bordeaux, Olivier (Paris-Sorbonne) Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek numismatics: Methodologies, new research and limits Numismatics is one of the leading fields in Hellenistic Central Asia studies, since it has enabled historians to identify 45 different Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kings, while written sources only speak of 10. The coins struck by the Greek kings are often remarkable, both because of their quality and the multiple innovations some of them show: Indian iconography, local language (Brahmi or Kharoshthi), new weight system, etc. Yet, broad studies by properly trained numismatists still remained scarce, while new coins mainly find their origin on the art market rather than archaeological digs. The current situation in Central Asia, especially in Afghanistan and Pakistan, does not help archaeologists to broaden their fieldwork. Die-studies are more and more often the methodology followed by the numismatists in the last decade, so as to draw as much data as possible from large corpora. During our PhD research, we focused on six kings: Diodotus I and II, Euthydemus I, Eucratides I, Menander I and Hippostratus. Beyond individual results and hypothesis, we tried to ascertain this particular methodology regarding Central Asia Greek coinages. Generally, our die-studies provided good outcomes, while most of our attempts to geographically locate mints or even borders remain quite fragile, in the lack of archaeological data. -
BATTRIA (Afganistan) Pagina 1 Di 3 BATTRIA=BACTRIA=BATTRIANA
BATTRIA (Afganistan) BATTRIA=BACTRIA=BATTRIANA=GRECO-BATTRIANO A PERSIA a.C. 520-329 a.C. Satrapi 520-510 DARSHISH 510- -340 340-329 BESSO=BESSUS A MACEDONIA a.C. 329-312 a.C. (a.C. 329-301 a.C.) Re macedoni 330-323 ALESSANDRO il Grande=Magno (ALESSANDRO III re Macedonia) (sposa ROXANA) 323-317 FILIPPO=FILIPPO Arrideo (fratellastro)(FILIPPO III re Macedonia) 317-310 ALESSANDRO (figlio di ALESSANDRO Magno)(ALESSANDRO IV re Macedonia) Satrapi 329 ARTABAZO=ARTABAZUS 329 CLITO il Nero=CLITUS 328-321 AMINTA NICCOLAO=AMYNTAS NIKOLAOS 328-321 SCITEO=SCYTHAEUS 323-321 FILIPPO 321-312 STASANORE=STASANOR il Soliano A SIRIA (SELEUCIDI) a.C. 312-256 a.C. Satrapi REGNO a.C. 256-10 a.C. (a.C. 250-10 a.C.) *Dinastia Diodotidea **Dinastia Eutidemiana=Eutidemide=Magnesiaca=di Magnesia ***Dinastia Eucratide=Eucratidea #Dinastia Diodotidea 256-248 (256-230)(256-235)(256-246)(250-230)(250-240) DIODOTO I=DIODOTUS I=DIODOTOS I=DIODITO I=TEODOTO I= DIODOTO I SOTERO=DIODOTO SOTER (satrapo di PARTIA)(in Battria- Sogdiana-Fergana-Aracosia)* 248-235 (230-200)(235)(250-230)(230)(246-227)(240-230)(235-230)(248-230) DIODOTO II (figlio)(primo re)* 235 (230)(200)(227) ANTIOCO=ANTIOCO NICATORE (incerto)* 235-200(230-200)(227-189)(200-190)(223-200)(235-195) EUTIDEMO I=EUTIDEMO TEO=EUTIDEMO THEOS=EUTHYDEMUS I (forse satrapo in Sogdiana)(in Battria-Sogdiana-Fergana-Margiana-Ariana)** 200-190(190-180)(200-171)(190-175)(189-167)(200-185)(200-180)(200-195)(195-180) DEMETRIO I l’Invincibile=DEMETRIOS I (figlio)(in Battria-Sogdiana- Fergana-Margiana-Ariana-Paropamisade-Aracosia-Gandara-Punjab-Kashmir) -
The Indo-Greeks the Greek in Bactria Greek Settlers Were Present in India
The Indo-Greeks The Greek in Bactria Greek settlers were present in India, even at the time of Alexander’s invasion of India. An example is the Greek colony at Nysa. On the death of Alexander, Asian territories, to the east of Asia Minor, which had been conquered by him, fell into the share of Seleukos. Parthia and Bactrian formed two easternmost provinces of the Seleukid empire. Around the middle of the third century BC, Bactria revolted under its satrap, Diodotos I. About the same time, Parthia revolted under Arsakes I, a man of unknown antecedents. These revolts occurred during the reign of Antiochos II (261-246 BC). Neither Seleukos II (246-226 BC), nor Seleukos III (226-222 BC) was able to re- establish Seleukid authority over these provinces. Antiochos III (222-187 BC) marched against Parthia and Bactria. By that time, the reign of Diodotos I, and also of his son and successor, Diodotos II, had come to an end in Bactria. The Family of Euthydemos I When Antiochos III besieged Bactria, it was being ruled by Euthydemos, who was, perhaps, responsible for the end of the reign of Diodotos II. Antiochos III laid siege to Bactria, which continued for a long time, but produced no result. Polybios : Euthydemos sent a proposal for peace, through his son, Demetrios. Antiochos III was informed that Euthydemos had obtained kingship, not by revolting against the Seleukids, but by putting to death, the descendant (Diodotos II) of the original rebel (Diodotos I). Antiochos III was so impressed by Demetrios, that he decided to marry his daughter to the prince. -
Ancient Coin Reference Guide
Ancient Coin Reference Guide Part One Compiled by Ron Rutkowsky When I first began collecting ancient coins I started to put together a guide which would help me to identify them and to learn more about their history. Over the years this has developed into several notebooks filled with what I felt would be useful information. My plan now is to make all this information available to other collectors of ancient coinage. I cannot claim any credit for this information; it has all come from many sources including the internet. Throughout this reference I use the old era terms of BC (Before Christ) and AD (Anno Domni, year of our Lord) rather than the more politically correct BCE (Before the Christian era) and CE (Christian era). Rome With most collections, there must be a starting point. Mine was with Roman coinage. The history of Rome is a subject that we all learned about in school. From Julius Caesar, Marc Anthony, to Constantine the Great and the fall of the empire in the late 5th century AD. Rome first came into being around the year 753 BC, when it was ruled under noble families that descended from the Etruscans. During those early days, it was ruled by kings. Later the Republic ruled by a Senate headed by a Consul whose term of office was one year replaced the kingdom. The Senate lasted until Julius Caesar took over as a dictator in 47 BC and was murdered on March 15, 44 BC. I will skip over the years until 27 BC when Octavian (Augustus) ended the Republic and the Roman Empire was formed making him the first emperor. -
The Divinization of the Buddha
TCNJ JOURNAL OF STUDENT SCHOLARSHIP VOLUME XI APRIL, 2009, ANSWERS FOR MILINDA: HELLENISTIC INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF GANDHARAN BUDDHISM Author: Scott Blair Faculty Sponsor: Zinru Liu Department of History ABSTRACT and INTRODUCTION_________________________________ _________ Although few people today have heard of Gandhara, this region in modern Afghanistan and Pakistan played an important role in Buddhism’s history. During the beginning of the Common Era, Gandharan Buddhism underwent major changes, culminating in the deification of the Buddha. Gandharan Buddhism ignored the past lives of the Buddha and focused on the miracles he performed before achieving Nirvana, and it was in Gandhara that the first images of the Buddha were created. However, the causes of these changes have remained unclear. The evidence suggests that the presence of Hellenistic Greeks, referred to as Indo-Greeks, played an important role in this development. From the time of Alexander the Great’s invasion in the fourth century BCE to the rise of the Sassanids in the third century CE, Greek culture was present in the region and contributed to the development of Gandharan Buddhism. Gandhara was the origin of many of the monks who brought Buddhism to East Asia, and therefore Hellenistic culture played a significant role in shaping modern Buddhism. ______________________________________________________________________________ When Alexander the Great’s army descended upon India in 323 BCE, it set in motion six centuries of contact between the subcontinent and the Hellenistic world. Indo-Greek kings carved out empires along the Indus, while traders from Egypt sailed to India using the seasonal monsoons. Greek writers wrote stories about Plato and Socrates traveling to India, while the Indian monarch Ashoka boasted that he dispatched Buddhist monks to Syria. -
An Analysis on Indo-Greek Period Numismatics and Acculturation
i THE SO-CALLED HELLINZATION OF GANDHARA: AN ANALYSIS ON INDO-GREEK PERIOD NUMISMATICS AND ACCULTURATION _____________________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Comparative and Cultural Studies At the University of Houston _____________________________________ By Franklin Todd Alexander August 2017 ii THE SO-CALLED HELLINZATION OF GANDHARA: AN ANALYSIS ON INDO-GREEK PERIOD NUMISMATICS AND ACCULTURATION ________________________________ Franklin T. Alexander APPROVED: ________________________________ Raymond Bentley, Ph.D. Committee Chair _________________________________ Randolph Widmer, Ph.D. ________________________________ Frank Holt, Ph.D. _________________________________ Anjali Kanojia, Ph.D. _________________________________ Antonio D. Tillis, Ph.D. Dean, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences Department of Hispanic Studies iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would firstly like to acknowledge my family, especially my parents, who have always supported me in my endeavors. I would also like to thank my previous professors, and teachers, as without their support, I simply would not have been able to write this. Lastly, I would like to thank my four committee members who pushed me during these past two years of my life. I owe much, and more, to my chair Dr. Bentley, who not only aided me on my thesis research but also, in many ways, served as a lamp unto my feet on the uncharted path of my research. For my current knowledge of the anthropological discipline, I owe a great deal to Dr. Widmer; who would spend countless hours talking to me about the particular perspectives that pertained to my research. Dr. Widmer’s influence became particularly crucial in the resolution of this study’s methodology, and its wider potential to the anthropological discipline. -
The Melammu Project
THE MELAMMU PROJECT http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/ “Royal Ideological Patterns between Seleucid and Parthian Coins. The Case of Theopátoor” ADREA GARIBOLDI Published in Melammu Symposia 5: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.), Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Symposium of the Assyrian and Babylonian Intellectual Heritage Project. Held in Innsbruck, Austria, October 3rd-8th, 2002 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004), pp. 366-84. Publisher: http://www.steiner-verlag.de/ This article was downloaded from the website of the Melammu Project: http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/ The Melammu Project investigates the continuity, transformation and diffusion of Mesopotamian culture throughout the ancient world. A central objective of the project is to create an electronic database collecting the relevant textual, art-historical, archaeological, ethnographic and linguistic evidence, which is available on the website, alongside bibliographies of relevant themes. In addition, the project organizes symposia focusing on different aspects of cultural continuity and evolution in the ancient world. The Digital Library available at the website of the Melammu Project contains articles from the Melammu Symposia volumes, as well as related essays. All downloads at this website are freely available for personal, non-commercial use. Commercial use is strictly prohibited. For inquiries, please contact [email protected]. ROYAL IDEOLOGICAL PATTERNS BETWEEN SELEUCID AND PARTHIAN COINS : THE CASE OF !"#$%%&'() ) Andrea Gariboldi Commerce and monetary systems were, in the past more than nowadays, impor- tant means not only for the exchange of material goods, but also for the convey- ance of far and different cultures. -
Catalogue of the Coins in the Indian Museum Calcutta Including The
M l a ct i c. “ u s e u m C meg w t h e; Catalo gue o f the Co in s in the I n dian M useum Calcutta In cluding the Cabinet of the Asiatic S ociety of B engal Volume I Part I : The Early F oreign Dynasties and the Guptas By Vin n ce t A . Smith M . A . I C Re , . S. td. Published for the Trustees of the Indian Museum O xfor d At the Clarendon Pre ss 1 9 06 RY FR D HE OW E M . A. N , PU B LISH ER TO TH E U NIV ERS ITY O F O XFORD L O NDO N, E DI NB U RGH NEW YORK A ND TO RONTO 66 4226 6 5 . 5 . 7 ADVERTISEMENT A SMALL separate impression of Par t I is i ssued for the convenience of collectors an d studen ts specially interested in the classes of coin s i h Par who ma not care to rchase th c m v me rea ed n s e e e . t t t i t , y p u o pl t olu The Gen eral In roduc n Genera In dex an d c m e e Tab es e hts t tio , l , o pl t l of W ig a ear in ha vo ume n H r ma be n ed ha an d Measures pp t t l o ly . e e it y ot t t 1 a m ll me re is almos exac th O f an nch or in her w r ds one i i t t tly 7 3 i , , ot o , inch is very little more than 25 millimetr es an d that ten English grains ar e e u va en to 6 48 almos two- hi rds ramme We h s are q i l t , t t of a g . -
Women on South Asian Coins Pankaj Tandon1
Women on South Asian Coins Pankaj Tandon1 Some years ago, I began to wonder how many women had appeared on the coins of South Asia, the area which today includes the countries of Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. I started gathering images and ideas and started to compile a list. Along the way, I came across a paper by Jayanti Rath,2 which mentioned a total of 20 queens, although only 14 of them had demonstrably issued coins, and a small webpage3 celebrating International Women’s Week which mentioned 5 queens, of whom one had not been listed by Rath. However, I was discovering quite a few more, so I decided to continue my project, and this paper is the result. To be clear, my goal is to cover only human women who have appeared on coins, not goddesses. There are many goddesses who are depicted on coins, and the subject of deities being featured on Indian coins is one on which quite a bit has been written.4 These are not the subject of my census. I have discovered a total of 110 women who unquesionably could be said to have appeared in one way or another on coins of the sub-continent. Another three possibly appear on Gupta coins but it is debated whether the figures appearing on these coins are queens or goddesses. One more is supposed to be represented by one or two peacocks on certain Sikh coins, but this is hotly debated. Figure 1 presents a Table listing these 114 women. Finally, another six female names, serving as the gotra names of kings of the Satavahana and related dynasties, appear on coins. -
5.Rajak, Jewish
the s. mark taper foundation imprint in jewish studies by this endowment the s. mark taper foundation supports the appreciation and understanding of the richness and diversity of jewish life and culture Copyright © 2007 by The Regents of the University of California The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous contribution to this book provided by the Jewish Studies Endowment Fund of the University of California Press Foundation, which is supported by a major gift from the S. Mark Taper Foundation. Copyright © 2007 by The Regents of the University of California Jewish Perspectives on Hellenistic Rulers Copyright © 2007 by The Regents of the University of California HELLENISTIC CULTURE AND SOCIETY General Editors: Anthony W. Bulloch, Erich S. Gruen, A. A. Long, and Andrew F. Stewart I. Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age, by Peter Green II. Hellenism in the East: The Interaction of Greek and Non-Greek Civilizations from Syria to Central Asia after Alexander, edited by Amélie Kuhrt and Susan Sherwin-White III. The Question of “Eclecticism”: Studies in Later Greek Philosophy, edited by J. M. Dillon and A. A. Long IV. Antigonos the One-Eyed and the Creation of the Hellenistic State, by Richard A. Billows V. A History of Macedonia, by R. Malcolm Errington, translated by Catherine Errington VI. Attic Letter-Cutters of 229 to 86 b.c., by Stephen V. Tracy VII. The Vanished Library: A Wonder of the Ancient World, by Luciano Canfora VIII. Hellenistic Philosophy of Mind, by Julia E. Annas IX. Hellenistic History and Culture, edited by Peter Green X. The Best of the Argonauts: The Redefinition of the Epic Hero in Book One of Apollonius’ Argonautica, by James J. -
A Descriptive Guide to the Department of Archaeology & Antiquities
UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY AA 000 700 870 9 I III I H M I I tli||||l!il!inil.!llll!llllllll[lllllllill!l|IIIIIIIIHI!l! l"l""l!l"''"l'""ITTr [ahore/iuseu ^^"-^ Punjab "iiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiuiimii mnrnm ,^©- H'MIMHII|ll!illl|-n^ \1lll!IIIHlllln,;,hl!lll(r ^A Descriptive Guide tothb^ ^ Department op .«^BY Percy Brown, AR.C.A,6urator ^^^ Illustrated Lahore z Price 1908 B An MA.S §i alifornia 1^ ^r^ < m r ""^Ttt T W' * «INTl3r> AT THE (ylYfL /!( rIlliITA«y MAZKTTE TRPSS ii A HOIUJ •> ' . ^JJl-ocKS r>I\EPAI\.EDBYMKSSI^sWlEL.E^KLKIN,MADf|.A«>. mmL l^llllllll^^flJlW:l[)lnlll^lllM::l^1ll^ll[f!lfl!!r^!^[[[f!!y[^^ytt^[!l^!l![^l!^/lllll^lllll^ O C^ O A 3 O O / SMtH MOtMMMAU ' INV MAYO SGHtlOL OH AHT, /% : is_^-i--.N.j^-.>^t-^.J^v-i„.^4^-vJL,^^ AHORE W T^UNeJAB i ;iiW<i'U^\WL,iu>JUU:ur'{ i^i', u u U.IU1J U LiUiiu mull ©J Department of >©- BY Percy Brown ARCA., Curator LLUSTRATED ^< LAHORE ^ ^A T PRICE >&~ 1908. 8 Annas >i^ ^\ >(U>- >#- Printed at the "Gi\^il and JVIilitarvj Qazatte " press, Lahore <!!< Si \ ©-, Blocks prepared bvj J^Iessrs. Wiele & Klein, JVIad 1,'uinJiiJuinLtiiiHuuu •#- m <-'' (/;]) ®^ X^ (fli> © j^ 1> <ij) SMCK M0KAMMA3 I tM>^ MAro SCHOOL or AXT, PtRCy BBCVVH PIH LAHORE MUSEUM, DAYS AND HOURS OF ADMISSION. Winter Season. October ist to April i^ih. Week days ... 9 am. till 5 p.m. Sundays ... [2 noon till 4 p.m. Summer Season. April 1 6th to September joth. -
Envy, Poison, and Death
ENVY, POISON, AND DEATH At the heart of this volume are three trials held in Athens in the fourth century BCE. The defendants were all women and in each case the charges involved a combination of ritual activities. Two were condemned to death. Because of the brevity of the ancient sources, and their lack of agreement, the precise charges are unclear, and the reasons for taking these women to court remain mysterious. Envy, Poison, and Death takes the complexity and confusion of the evidence not as a riddle to be solved, but as revealing multiple social dynamics. It explores the changing factors—material, ideological, and psychological—that may have provoked these events. It focuses in particular on the dual role of envy (phthonos) and gossip as processes by which communities identified people and activities that were dangerous, and examines how and why those local, even individual, dynamics may have come to shape official civic decisions during a time of perceived hardship. At first sight so puzzling, these trials reveal a vivid picture of the socio-political environment of Athens during the early-mid fourth century BCE, including responses to changes in women’s status and behaviour, and attitudes to ritual activities within the city. The volume reveals some of the characters, events, and even emotions that would help to shape an emergent concept of magic: it suggests that the boundary of acceptable behaviour was shifting, not only within the legal arena but also through the active involvement of society beyond the courts. Esther Eidinow is Professor of Ancient History at the University of Bristol.