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Synopsis of Biological Data on the Pink Shrimp, Pandalus Borealis, Kroyer, 1983

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Synopsis of Biological Data on the Pink Shrimp, Pandalus Borealis, Kroyer, 1983 s.) OAA Technical Report NMFS 30 Synopsis- of BoIogicaData the PinkShrimp, Pa n da i u s b o re a lis Mi 1985 FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 144 ÑMFS!S 144 SAST-Ptod'i/us borealis 2,28(04)022,03 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS NMFS The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and iinplemen' tation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishing industry through marketing service and ,nmc analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. lt collects, analyzes, and publish'.......: various phases of the industry. The NOAA Technical Report NMFS series was establishcd in 1983 to replace two subcate.:.ri'.s of the 'Technical Reports series: "Special Scïentific Report'....'Fisheries" and "Circular' The series contains the following types of reports: S,.'ntific investigations that document longierm continuing programs of NMFS. Intensive scientific reports on studies of ....tricted scope, papers on applied fishery problems, technical reports of general interest ìntended to aid conservation and ::i:........o... reports that review in considerable detail and ai a high technical level certain hrocareas uf research. anS iiu°"':'apers origìnaiing in economìcs studies and fron) management investigations. Copìes of NOAA Technical Report NMFS are available free in limited num'o: . ,: .....nmec::. ,:.:e'. '.:c ir' S and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical p:'i:,'.o. 'ny ::: the n orinc'.So , ....1;i.: copies may be obtained from: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical In:noition Service, 5'.S Pori R ':ol ti..5, Springfield, VA 22161. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 30 o pTMO Synopsis of I oIogicaI Data C) e e e o u on the Pink Shrimp, Panda/us borealis Krpyer, 1838 MENT 0F CO Sandra E. Shumway, Herbert C. Perkins, Daniel F. Schick, and Alden P. Stickney May 1985 FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 144 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration John V. Byrne, Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service William G. Gordon, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, recom- mend or endorse any propriety product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publica- tion furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised pro- duct to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS Introduction l Identity i 1.1 Nomenclature 1.11 Valid name 1.12 Objective synonomy 1.2 Taxonomy 1.21 Affinities 1 1.22 Taxonomic status 3 1.23 Subspecies 3 1.24 Standard common names, vernacular names 3 1.3 Morphology 3 1.31 External morphology 3 1.32 Cytomorphology 3 1.33 Protein specificity 3 2 Distribution 3 2.1 Total area 3 2.2 Differential distribution 4 2.21 Spawn, larvae, and juveniles 4 2.22 Adults 5 2.3 Determinants of distribution changes 6 *2.4 Hybridization 3 Bionomics and life history 7 3.1 Reproduction 7 3.11 Sexuality 7 3.12 Maturity 7 3.13 Mating 8 3.14 Fertilization 9 3.15 Gonads 9 3.16 Spawning 10 3.17 Fecundity 10 3.2 Preadult phases 13 3.21 Embryonic phase 13 3.22 Larval phases 14 3.23 Adolescent phases 22 3.3 Adult phase 23 3.31 Longevity 23 3.32 Hardiness 23 3.33 Competitors 23 3.34 Predators 24 3.35 Parasites, diseases, injuries, and abnormalities 24 3.36Chemical composition 24 3.4 Nutrition and growth 28 3.41 Feeding 28 3.42 Food 29 3.43 Growth and morphometry 29 3.44 Metabolism 30 3.45 Molting 34 3.46 Sizeandage 34 3.5 Behavior 35 3.51 Migrations and local movements 35 3.52 Schooling 35 3.53 Responses to stimuli 35 4 Population 36 4.1 Structure 36 4.11 Sex ratio 36 4.12 Age composition 36 4.13 Size composition 36 4.2 Abundance and density 37 4.21 Average abundance 37 4.22 Changes in abundance 37 111 4.23 Average density 38 4.24 Changes in density 38 4.3 Natality and recruitment 38 4.31 Reproduction rates 38 4.32 Factors affecting reproduction 38 4.33 Recruitment 38 4.4 Mortality and morbidity 39 4.41 Mortality rates 39 4.42 Factors causing or affecting mortality 40 4.43 Factors affecting morbidity 41 *444 Relation of morbidity to mortality rates 4.5 Dynamics of population (as a whole) 41 4.6 The population in the community and the ecosystem 42 5 Exploitation 42 5.1 Fishing equipment 42 5.11 Gears 42 5.12 Boats 43 5.2 Fishing areas 43 5.21 General geographic distribution 43 5.22 Geographic ranges 44 5.23 Depth ranges 44 5.24 Conditions of the grounds 44 5.3 Fishing seasons 44 5.31 General pattern of season(s) 44 5.32 Dates of beginning, peak, and end of season(s) 44 5.33 Variation in date or duration of season 44 5.4 Fishing operations and results 44 5.41 Effort and intensity 44 5.42 Selectivity 44 5.43 Catches 45 6 Protection and management 45 6.1 Regulatory (legislative) measures 45 6.11 Limitation or reduction of total catch 45 6.12 Protection of portions of population 45 *6.2 Control or alteration of physical features of the environment *6.3 Control or alteration of chemical features of the environment *6.4 Control or alteration of the biological features of the environment *6.5 Artificial stocking *7 Culture Acknowledgments 46 Literature cited 46 *No information available. iv Synopsof BioIgic1 iita on tLLHLnkShr Pandalis borealis KrØyer, 1838 SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, HERBERT C. PERKINS, DANIEL F. SCHICK, and ALDEN P. STICKNEY' ABSTRACT This synopsis of the literature was designed to summarize the biological and biochemical studies involving Pandalus borealis as well as to provide a summary of the literature regarding the fisheries data published before early 1984. Included are many unpublished observations, drawn from studies at the State of Maine Department of Marine Resources Laboratory in West Boothbay Harbor, Maine. INTRODUCTION Suprageneric Pandalid shrimp represent an important commercial and Phylum Arthropoda ecological group worldwide. The pink shrimp, Pandalus borealis, Class Crustacea is by far the most abundant and important commercial species in Subclass Malacostraca the northeast Atlantic, yet a comprehensive summary of the vast Order Decapoda literatureislacking. Indeed, P. borealis is conspicuous inits Suborder Natantia absence in a series of synopses on pandalid species (P. montagui, Section Caridea Simpson etal.1970; P.platyceros, Butler 1970; P. jordani, Superfamily Pandaloida Dahlstrom 1970). Two bibliographies have been published, one Family Pandalidae emphasizing the commercially important species of Pandalus (Scrivener and Butler 1971) and the other the relationship be- Generic tween distribution of P. borealis and oceanographic parameters (Ippolito et al. 1980) and these were of great benefit in preparing Genus Pandalus Leach 1814 the present work. This paper summarizes the available biological Pandalus (from Hoithuis, 1955; Hemming, 1956) data for the species. Pandalus (Leach), (1814); Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopedia, 7:432. Gender masculine. Type species, by monotypy: Pan- 1 IDENTITY dalus montagui (Leach), (1814). 1.1 Nomenclature The generic concept as used by Holthuis (1955) has been adopted. The following definition of the genus Panda/us is based 1.11 Valid name (from Rathbun, 1904) on his key to the pandalidae. Carpus of 2nd pereiopods consisting of more than 3 joints. No Pandalus borealis Krøyer, 1838, Naturh. Tidsskrift. vol.11, p.254- longitudinal carinae on the carapace except the postrostral crest. 255; (2)1, 461, 1845; in Gaimard's Voyage en Scandinavie, Rostrum not movable. Eyes well developed, cornea much wider en Laponie, etc., pl. VI, fig. 2. Stimpson, J. Boston Soc. Nat. than eyestalk. Third maxilliped without exopod. Laminar expan- Hist., VI, 501 (61), 1857; Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N.Y., X, 128, sion of the inner border of the ischium of theist pair of 1871.Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., V, 86, 1879.- pereiopods wanting or inconspicuous. The first 4 pereiopods with Birula, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imper. Sci. St. Petersbourg, epipods. Arthrobranchs present at the bases of the first 4 pereio- 1897, p. 420 (16); 1899, p. 22 (3), 28 (9). pods. Posterior lobe of scaphognathite acutely produced. Upper margin of rostrum with movable spine only. 1.12 Objective synonomy Specific Dymas typus KrØyer, 1861 Pandalus borealis typica Retovsky, 1946 Pandalus borealis, Krøyer 1838 1.2 Taxonomy Butler (1980) gave the following key to species of Pandalus: 1.21 Affinities la. Third somite of abdomen in part compressed and cari- nated, carina forms a more or less well-defined lobe or spine in front of posterior margin 2 'Department of Marine Resources, West Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575. lb. Third somite of abdomen not compressed or carinated. .4 Third and fourth somites of abdomen each armed with epipod. Pereiopods:I longer than third maxilliped, as stout; median spine on posterior margin ischium with slight lamina; proximal part of merus flattened; Pink shrimp, P.
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