Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report

Project Number: 44020 March 2012

People’s Republic of China: Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Wetland Protection Project

FINAL REPORT (Volume V of V)

Prepared by HJI Group Corporation in association with Easen International Company Ltd

For the Gansu Provincial Finance Bureau

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design.

Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 11 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

Supplementary Appendix 11 Dingxi Subproject Environmental Impact Assessment Report

ADB Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Infrastructure Development Project

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

Gansu Provincial Environmental Science Research Institute, Lanzhou

August 2011

Environmental Impact Assessment for ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. OVERVIEW ...... 1

1.1 Evaluation Criterion ...... 1 1.1.1 Environmental Function Zoning ...... 1 1.1.2 Environment Quality Standards ...... 1 1.1.3 Pollutant Emission Standards ...... 3 1.2 Identification of Main Environmental Problems and Environmental Impact Factors ...... 4 1.2.1 Identification of Main Environmental Problems ...... 4 1.2.2 Identification and Screening of Environmental Impact Factors ...... 4 1.3 The Main Contents of Assessment ...... 8 1.4 The Class and Scope of Assessment ...... 8 1.4.1 Assessment Class ...... 8 1.4.2 Assessment Scope ...... 9 1.5 The Focus and Time of Assessment ...... 10 1.5.1 Assessment Time ...... 10 1.5.2 Assessment Focus ...... 10 1.6 Environmental Protection Targets and Environmental Sensitive Points ...... 10 1.6.1 Environmental Protection Targets ...... 10 1.6.2 Distribution of Environmental Sensitive Points ...... 11

II. PROJECT OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS ...... 14

2.1 Loan Project Overview ...... 14 2.1.1 Project Name and Construction Nature ...... 14 2.1.2 Project Location ...... 14 2.1.3 Road Routines and Major Control Points ...... 14 2.1.4 Major Project Contents ...... 15 2.1.5 Main Technical Standards ...... 15 2.2 Project Construction Scale ...... 19 2.2.1 Scale of Road Works and Engineering Technical Specifications ...... 19 2.2.2 Road Ancillary Works ...... 27 2.2.3 Crossing Ditch Bridge Engineering ...... 28 2.2.4 Drainage Works ...... 29 2.2.5 Lighting Engineering ...... 31 2.2.6 Road Service Function Optimization ...... 31 2.3 Project Investment and Financing ...... 32 2.4 Project Using Land, Demolition, and Resettlement and the Amount of Earthwork ...... 33 2.4.1 Project Using Land ...... 33 2.4.2 Project Demolition and Resettlement ...... 34 2.5 Project Environmental Impact Analysis ...... 34 2.5.1 Project Construction Period Environmental Impact Analysis ...... 34 2.5.2 Operation Period Pollution Sources and Environmental Impact Analysis ...... 39

III. FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS ...... 42

3.1 Project Planning Conformity ...... 42 3.1.1 The Conformity Analysis of Gansu Province Road Network Planning ...... 42

i Environmental Impact Assessment for ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

3.1.2 The Conformity Analysis of New Urban Planning ...... 43 3.1.3 The Conformity Analysis of Land Utilization Planning ...... 43 3.1.4 Dingxi Conformity Analysis for Environmental Protection during the Plan ...... 43 3.2 Zero Scheme Analysis ...... 44 3.2.1 Zero Scheme Alternatives ...... 44 3.2.2 Analysis for Social Impact ...... 44 3.2.4 Environmental Impact Analysis ...... 45 3.2.6 Contrast Analysis of Zero Schemes and Planning of the Implementation Scheme 47 3.3 The Comparison, Selection, and Optimization of the Scheme ...... 47 3.3.1 The Comparison and Selection of Scheme ...... 48

IV. THE SITUATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION AREA ENVIRONMENT ...... 50

4.1 The Situation of the Natural Environment ...... 50 4.1.1 The Geographical Position ...... 50 4.1.2 Landforms ...... 50 4.1.3 Geological Structure ...... 50 4.1.4 Hydrology ...... 51 4.1.5 Flood Discharge River ...... 52 4.1.6 Natural Ecology ...... 52 4.1.7 Natural Hazard ...... 53 4.1.8 Earthquake ...... 53 4.1.9 Climate and Weather ...... 53 4.2 Social Environment Situation ...... 54 4.2.1 Administrative Districts and Population Distribution ...... 54 4.2.2 Industry Profiles ...... 54 4.2.3 Agricultural Production Situation ...... 55 4.2.4 Transportation and Communication ...... 55 4.2.5 Culture Education ...... 55

V. INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STATUS ...... 56

5.1 Environmental Quality Overview ...... 56 5.1.1 Surface Water Environmental Quality Overview ...... 56 5.1.2 Overview of Air Quality of the Environment ...... 56 5.1.3 Noise Environmental Quality Status ...... 57 5.2 Ambient Air Quality Status Survey and Assessment ...... 57 5.2.1 Status Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality ...... 57 5.2.2 Monitoring Results and Analysis ...... 58 5.3 Investigation and Assessment of Environmental Noise Status ...... 62 5.3.1 Noise Monitoring ...... 62 5.3.2 Monitoring Results Analysis ...... 63 5.4 Investigation and Evaluation of the Ecological Environment Status ...... 66 5.4.1 Survey of Vegetation Status ...... 66 5.4.2 Soil Status ...... 67 5.4.3 Survey of Animal Status ...... 67 5.5 Survey and Assessment of Surface Water Environment Quality Status ...... 67 5.5.1 Surface Water Environment Quality Status Monitoring ...... 67 5.5.2 Water Quality Monitoring Results ...... 69 5.5.3 Analysis of Water Quality Monitoring Results ...... 69

ii Environmental Impact Assessment for ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FORECAST AND CONTROL MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD ...... 73

6.1 Impact Analysis on Urban Traffic ...... 73 6.1.1 Impact Analysis on Residential Life ...... 73 6.1.2 Control Measures during Construction ...... 74 6.2 Urban Ecological Landscape Impact Analysis and Prevention Measures ...... 75 6.2.1 The Impact on Greening Vegetation ...... 75 6.2.2 The Impact Analysis of Soil Erosion and Dust on the Surrounding Environment . 75 6.2.5 Urban Ecological Landscape Protection Measures during the Construction ...... 76 6.3 Ambient Air Impact Analysis and Prevention Measures during Construction ...... 77 6.3.1 Air Pollution Sources during Construction ...... 77 6.3.2 Ambient Air Impact Analysis during Construction ...... 77 6.3.3 Ambient Air Prevention Measures during Construction ...... 78 6.4 Noise Impact Analysis and Countermeasures during Construction ...... 79 6.4.1 Construction Noise Impact on the Surrounding Environment ...... 79 6.4.2 Noise Control Measures During Construction ...... 80 6.5 Water Environment Impact Analysis and Prevention Measures during Construction ...... 81 6.5.1 The Environmental Impact Analysis of Construction Wastewater ...... 81 6.5.2 Construction Camp Domestic Sewage Discharge Impact on Water Environment 82 6.5.3 Water Environmental Protection Measures during Construction ...... 82 6.6 Ecological Environmental Impact Analysis and Protection Measures During Construction ...... 83 6.6.1 Ecological Environmental Impact Analysis During Construction ...... 83 6.6.2 Ecological Environmental Protection Measures During Construction ...... 83

VII. THE PREDETERMINATION AND EVALUATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING OPERATING PERIOD ...... 85

7.1 The Predetermination and Evaluation of Environment Air Impact ...... 85 7.1.1 Evaluation Scope, Evaluation Standard, and Evaluation Factor ...... 85 7.1.2 Analysis for Meteorology Characteristics of Pollution ...... 85 7.1.3 Concentration Predetermination for Ambient Air Impact during Operating Period 92 7.2 Environmental Noise Impact and Assessment ...... 112 7.2.1 Forecast Time Interval ...... 112 7.2.2 The Model Being Adopted by Predetermination Software ...... 112 7.2.3 Noise Predetermination ...... 114

VIII. POLLUTION PREVENTION AND TREATMENT MEASURES DURING OPERATION PERIOD 118

8.1 Ecological Environmental Protection Measures During Operation Period ...... 118 8.1.1 Ecological Compensation Measures ...... 118 8.1.2 Engineering Landscaping Plan ...... 118 8.2 Air Pollution Prevention and Treatment Measures during Operation Period ...... 119 8.2.1 Measures Adopted to Control the Pollution Sources ...... 119 8.2.2 Distance from New Sensitive Points to the Planned Routes ...... 120 8.2.3 The Use of Vegetation Purify Air ...... 120 8.3 Operation Period Noise Pollution Prevention and Treatment Measures ...... 121 8.3.1 Rational Planning and Layout of Land on Both Sides of the Road ...... 121 8.3.2 Design Measures for Reducing Traffic Noise ...... 121

iii Environmental Impact Assessment for ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

8.3.3 Protective Measures for Sound-Sensitive Targets ...... 121 8.3.4 Vehicle Noise Control, Road Traffic Management Systems, Sound Insulation Facilities, and Road Maintenance ...... 121 8.3.5 Improvement Situation after Take Control Measures ...... 122 8.4 Operating Period Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Measures ...... 122

IX. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ...... 124

9.1 Objective and Significance ...... 124 9.2 Methodology and Principle ...... 124 9.2.1 Means of Public Participation ...... 124 9.2.2 Public Access to Environmental Information of the Project and Complaint ...... 125 9.3 Brief Introduction of Public Participation Survey ...... 127 9.4 The Survey Results of Public Participation Survey ...... 131 9.5 Survey Result Analysis of Public Participation ...... 132 9.5.1 Public Support for This Project ...... 133 9.5.2 Comments on the Impacts from This Project Construction ...... 133 9.5.3 Requirements and Recommendations ...... 133 9.5.4 Public Awareness of the Project Constructional and Operational Impacts on Residents' Life ...... 134 9.6 Confirmation of Public Contact ...... 134 9.7 Conclusion of Public Participation Survey ...... 134 9.8 Public Participation in Publicity ...... 134

X. ANALYSIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF RESETTLEMENT ...... 135

10.1 Overview for Resettlement Situation of Project ...... 135 10.2 Compensation Standard for Demolition ...... 136 10.3 Analysis for Environmental Impact of Resettlement and measure and prevention and control measures ...... 138

XI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ...... 140

11.1 Environmental Management Agencies, Personnel, and Facilities Configuration ...... 140 11.1.1 Institutional Framework for Environmental Management ...... 140 11.1.2 Environmental Management System Institutional Responsibilities ...... 141 11.1.3 Environmental Management Required Personnel ...... 144 11.1.4 Environmental Management Training ...... 146 11.1.5 Environmental Management Supervision Plan ...... 147 11.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 150 11.2.1 Purpose and Principle of Developing Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 150 11.2.2 Monitoring Institutions ...... 150 11.2.3 Environmental Monitoring Programs ...... 150 11.2.4 Monitoring Results Review and Evaluation ...... 150 11.3 Environmental Protection Investment Estimation ...... 151 11.3.1 Reference Standards of Environmental Protection Investment Estimation ...... 151 11.3.2 Environmental Protection Measures Cost Estimation during Construction ...... 155 11.4 Environmental Management Plan Implementation Report ...... 155 11.4.1 Monitoring Report System ...... 155

XII. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CONCLUSIONS ...... 157

12.1 Environment Assessment Conclusions ...... 157

iv Environmental Impact Assessment for ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

12.2 Environmental Impact Analysis Conclusion during Operation...... 157 12.3 Overall Conclusions ...... 159 12.4 Recommendations and Requirements ...... 159

v Environmental Impact Assessment for ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

I. OVERVIEW

1.1 Evaluation Criterion

1.1.1 Environmental Function Zoning

Surface water function zoning

According to "People's Government of Gansu Province on Gansu Water Function Zoning Approval" Gansu government letter [2007] No. 51, the surface water in Guanchuan River near the project is Class IV. Ambient air quality function zoning

According to the Environmental Function Zoning issued by Dingxi EPA, the ambient air quality function within the project area is Class II.

Noise function zoning

According to the Environmental Function Zoning issued by Dingxi EPA, the acoustic environment quality function within the project area is Class II.

1.1.2 Environment Quality Standards

a. Acoustic environment

The acoustic environment quality function within the project area is mainly Class II, in accordance with State Environmental Protection Administration GB/T15190-94 requirements of "Applicable zoning technical specifications of urban regional environmental noise." For the first row of objectives alone both sides of road, the acoustic environment requirements shall be classified as Class IV Zone, and controlled in accordance with GB3096-2008 "Acoustic environmental quality standards" (see Table 1-1). According to the National EPA [2003] 94 requirements of "Notice on Related Ambient Noise Issues in Environmental Impact Assessment of the Road, Rail (including light rail) and other Construction Projects," the schools, hospitals (sanatoriums, nursing homes, etc.) and other special sensitive buildings within the evaluation scope are within the Class II zone standard, and the first row residential district are within the Class IV zone standard. See details in Table 1-1.

Table 1-1: Ambient Noise Standard

Standard Value (LAeqdB) Classification Daytime Nighttime Class 0 Zone 50 40 Class I Zone 55 45 Class II Zone 60 50 Class III Zone 65 55 Class IVa in Class IV Zone 70 55 Note: Class I standards apply to area dominated by residents, cultural and educational

1 Environmental Impact Assessment for ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi institutions; Class II standards apply to the mixed area of residential, commercial, and industrial; and Class III standards apply to industrial areas.

Class 4a in Class IV zone applies to highway, urban expressways for highway and secondary roads, urban trunk roads, urban sub-trunk roads, urban trunk transport (ground section), and both sides of the inland waterways.

b. Ambient air

According to Dingxi ambient air quality function zoning, the project areas in Anding District are Class II zone, conventional pollutants PM10, NO2, CO, SO2 are within the "Ambient Air Quality Standard" (GB3095-1996) and Class II standard in amendment, with reference to "Israel's national ambient air quality standards" to perform non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), the specific criteria in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2: Ambient Air Quality Standard (Class II)

Ambient Quality Standard Standard Pollutants Classification Concentration Limit mg/m3

TSP Average daily: 0.30 Average annual: 0.20

PM10 Average daily: 0.15 Average annual: 0.10 Hour: 0.50; SO Average annual: 0.06 GB3095-1996 2 Average daily: 0.15 Hour: 0.24; NO Average annual: 0.04 2 Class II Average daily: 0.12 CO Average hourly: 10.0 Average daily:4.00 Total GB16297-1996 4.0 (highest concentration outside perimeter) Hydrocarbon Israel's NMHC Average hourly: 2.0 Standard

c. Surface water

According to "People's Government of Gansu Province on Gansu Water Function Zoning Approval" Gansu government letter [2007] No. 51, the surface water in Guanchuan River near the project is Class IV. The main pollutants (PH, CODcr, petroleum, N-NH3, etc.) in the water were tested in according to "Surface Water Ambient Quality Standards" (GB3838-2002) Class IV standard. The suspension solid (SS) was performed in according to the farmland irrigation water quality standards (GB5084-2005). See details in Table 1-3.

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Table 1-3: Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards (Unit: mg/L [except for pH])

Pollutants PH COD SS N-NH3 Petroleum Standards GB3838-2002 Class IV 6-9 30 / 1.5 0.5 GB5084-2005 / 100 / /

d. Groundwater Quality Standard - (GB/T14848-93) Class III standard;

e. Soil environmental quality standards - (GB 15618-1995) Class II standards.

1.1.3 Pollutant Emission Standards

a. Noise during construction

Noise during construction shall be controlled in according to GB12523-90 "Noise limits within construction field," shown in Table 1-4.

Table 1-4: Noise Limits Within Construction Field (Unit: LAeq [dB]) Construction Noise Limits The Main Sources of Noise Phase Daytime Nighttime Earth and Stone Bulldozers, excavators, loaders, etc. 75 55 Piling A variety of hammers, etc. 85 Prohibit construction Concrete mixer, vibrator, and electric Structure 70 55 saw Decoration Cranes, lifts, etc. 65 55 Note: Noise listed in table is the construction field boundary limits corresponding with the sensitive areas; if several construction phases are simultaneous, they are subject to high noise limits.

b. Exhaust

The dust limits during construction shall be in according to "Integrated emission standard of air pollutants" (GB16297-1996). The air pollution emission concentration limits for a new sources is 1.0 mg/m3. Asphalt smoke emission standards during the construction shall follow Class II of "Integrated emission standard of air pollutants" (GB16297-1996) and the concentration limit is 75 mg/m3 , and production equipment is not allowed to have the uncontrolled emissions.

Motor vehicle exhaust control shall follow the following standards: "Light car emission limits and measurement methods (I)" (GB18352.1-2001); "Light car emission limits and measurement methods (II)" (GB18352.2-2001); "Compression ignition engine exhaust emission limits and measurement methods" (GB17691-2001); "Vehicle equipped with spark-ignition engine and automobile with the engine exhaust emission limits and

3 Environmental Impact Assessment for ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi measurement methods" (GB14762-2002); "Motorcycles and mopeds exhaust emission limits and measurement methods (idle speed method)" (GB14621-2002); "Motorcycle exhaust emission limits and measurement methods (working condition method)"; (GB14622-2002); "Mopeds exhaust emission limits and measurement methods (loaded mode)" (GB18176-2002); etc.

c. Wastewater

The project is for road construction. The construction used water should be recycled for dust control or other appropriate purposes. The wastewater during construction period shall be discharged into urban sewage pipe network, and ultimately to Dingxi sewage water treatment plant. The discharged standards for the treated wastewater shall follow Class 1B Standard as specified in "Wastewater Disposal Standard of Urban Sewage Treatment Plant" (GB18918-2002); see the standard value in Table 1-5.

Table 1-5: Wastewater Disposal Standard (Unit: mg/l [except for pH])

Serial Number Pollutants Standard Value 1 pH 6-9

2 CODCr 150 (500)

3 BOD5 100 (300) 4 Ammonia 25.0 (35.0) 5 Suspended solids 150 (400) 6 Mineral oil 20.0 7 Grease 100 8 Volatile phenol 1.0 Note: Figures in brackets apply to drainage system with city sewage treatment plant.

Solid waste disposal standards

Treatment and disposal of spoil, waste slag, and other solid waste generated during project shall follow "General industrial solid waste storage and disposal site pollution control standard" (GB18599-2001).

1.2 Identification of Main Environmental Problems and Environmental Impact Factors

1.2.1 Identification of Main Environmental Problems

Based on the characteristics of this project and in consideration of the environmental aspects of the project area, the major environmental problems of this project have been identified in Table 1-6.

1.2.2 Identification and Screening of Environmental Impact Factors

Based on the characteristics of the project and the main environmental concerns, a matrix

4 Environmental Impact Assessment for ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi has been developed to identify and screen environmental factors that may have impacts to the project, which is shown in Table 1-6.

As can be seen from Table 1-7, the environmental impacts of the proposed project are various; there are not only short-term, reversible effects, but also long-term positive and negative effects. During the construction period there are mainly short-term negative impacts, which will disappear after construction finished. However, most of the demolished houses related to this project are shabby cottages; the living conditions after relocation will improve, so the impact of relocation on the residents is a long-term, positive effect. The negative and long term impact is noise due to the increased traffic, and the positive long-term effects on the environment are mainly in the improvement of traffic, air quality improvement, and so on.

Table 1-6: Identification and Screening of Environmental Impact Factors

Social Urban Ecology Natural Environment Environment Environmental Factors

Projects Noise Living Traffic Traffic Heritage Heritage Greening Greening Landscape Landscape Wastewater Solid Waste Air Ambient

Demolition -1S +1L -1S -1S -1S Use of Construction -1S -1S -2S Machinery Affiliated -1S -2S -1S Construction Removal of -1S -2S -1S Greening Earthworks -1S -1S -1S

Construction Period Period Construction Construction -1S -1S Workers Borrow, -1S -1S -1S Disposal Site

Vehicles +2L +1L -1L -1L

Period Greening +1L +1L Operating Engineering

Note: "+" indicates a positive impact, "-" indicates a negative impact "1" means less impact,"2" indicates moderate impact,"3" indicates a greater impact "S" for short-term impact, "L" for long-term impact

5 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Table 1-7: Identification Results of Main Environmental Problems Environmental Construction Time Main Environmental Problems Impact Factors Behavior According to the project design and planning, the area of land acquisition within Anding District is 1030.15 Demolition Works mu; construction area of housing demolition is 60,621.08 m2; and the actual project-affected families are 742 households, a total of 2,200 people. Project involves the main traffic arteries. New and rebuilt road works in Dingxi Anding District, especially Social Road Construction transportation road construction, needs to interrupt temporarily access. Bypass and other temporary Environment measures were taken which will give some inconvenience to city resident’s travel, work and lives. Construction of During construction, a variety of underground pipelines such as electricity and communications lines were Ancillary Facilities to be re-laid by excavation trench. Normal social life will be impacted. Preservation of The ancient tomb group, Anxi ancient city, Qijia cultural relics, Majiayao cultural relics, and other cultural Cultural Relics relics’ protection along original West Ring Road from Zhujiazhuang to Zhoujiazhuang section will not impacted after change the line. Removal of trees, Construction will destroy or occupy part of the greening belt and vegetation on both sides of the road, which flowers, etc., along will reduce the greening area. road sides Construction machinery setting, foundation excavation, and underground pipeline relocation will result in Various damage to city roads, will affect the urban landscape, and will produce a small amount of construction Construction wastewater. Urban Ecology Engineering spoil and construction waste dumping will take up urban land. If the measures are

Construction Period Period Construction Earthworks inappropriate, they will impact on urban ecology and may cause localized erosion. Construction Domestic wastewater and garbage generated by construction workers. Workers If the proper protection measures are not used during earth moving activities, the dust generated during the Borrow and handling process will have negative impact, and the ecological restoration of borrow site, disposal site, etc. Disposal Site shall be considered to minimize the impacts to the urban landscape. Road construction, vehicle The dust associated with the excavation, backfill, demolition during construction, and dust generated during transportation, loading and unloading of cement, clay, sand, etc. as well as dust during earth transportation. Ambient Air relocation Construction With increased fuel-powered machinery and transport vehicles, there will be an inevitable increase in Machinery Use emissions.

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Environmental Construction Time Main Environmental Problems Impact Factors Behavior Relocation, vehicle transport, using a Noise generated by a variety of construction operations such as large excavators, drilling machines, pile Noise variety of driver, compressors, rollers, and other various heavy transport vehicles, as well as that generated from construction building and road demolition and other operations. machinery The implementation of the project will improve the vehicle's average speed, improve conflicts between Social Vehicles non-motor vehicles, pedestrians, and motor vehicle, and improve the safety of non-motorized and Environment pedestrian traffic, improve vehicle travel, and promote social and economic development of Dingxi. This project will establish a green belt on both sides of the trunk roads and increase the amount of Urban Ecology Green Engineering landscape construction for urban road beautification and greening, providing a positive impact on the urban environment and urban landscape. After the road improvement, traffic will result in a relative increase. Automobile exhaust emissions Ambient Air Vehicles containing CO, NOx, and other pollutants may increase air pollution along the road, but from the city's perspective, there will be a positive overall improvement in air quality. Operating Period Operating Period After completion of this project, the distance between traffic noise vibration source and the environmental protection objectives will be basically unchanged, so the road traffic road conditions improvement will Noise, Vibration Vehicles reduce the impact of noise or vibration produced by types of vehicles on the residential areas, schools, hospitals, and other sensitive points along both sides of the roads.

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1.3 The Main Contents of Assessment

Class 4a in Class IV zone applies to highway, urban expressways for highway and secondary roads, urban trunk roads, urban sub-trunk roads, urban trunk transport (ground section), and both sides of the inland waterways.

Gansu Dingxi urban road construction project includes the following: seven city planning roads of Jiaotong Road Phase I; West Ring Road Phase I; Xincheng Avenue Phase III; Bei’an South Road; Bei’an Middle Road; Bei’an North Road; and Dingxi North Road, with a total length of 13,560.862 m. Jiaotong Road Phase I is road reconstruction and expansion, Class II urban trunk road, the right of way width is 40 m, totally 4,026.010 m long. West Ring Road Phase I is new road, Class II urban trunk road, the right of way width is 36 m, totally 3,857.601 m long. Xincheng Avenue Phase III is new road, Class II urban trunk road, the right of way width is 40 m, totally 1,578.784 m long. Bei’an South Road is new road, Class II urban branch road, the right of way width is 18 m, totally 791.836 m long. Bei’an Middle Road is new road, Class II urban branch road, the right of way width is 18 m, totally 769.085 m long. Bei’an North Road is new road, Class II urban branch road, the right of way width is 18 m, totally 725.467 m long. Dingxi North Road is new road, Class II urban branch road, the right of way width is 18 m, totally 1,812.079 m long. The contents mainly include road construction, bridge engineering, storm water, sewage, lighting, and road ancillary works.

According to the environmental problems and identification and screening of environmental impact factors, combined with the characteristics of the project and environmental conditions within implementation area of the project, the content of this environmental assessment is mainly about to new and rebuilt urban roads and includes engineering analysis, assessment of the environment status, prediction and evaluation of environmental impact, environmental protection measures, zero-program analysis, environmental management and monitoring plans, public participation, etc.

1.4 The Class and Scope of Assessment

1.4.1 Assessment Class

Water environment

In accordance with the surface water environmental impact assessment classification of "Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines" (HJ/T2.3-93), the wastewater generated during project construction is mainly domestic wastewater. The water quantity is small and the water can be used for dust control in the form of sprinkling, etc. thus the surface water environmental impact assessment of the project is Class III.

Ambient air

In accordance with the regulations of "Atmospheric Environment of Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines" (HJ/T2.2-2008), the class for new construction,

8 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi renovation, and expansion of the city trunk road should not less than Class II, combined with the actual situation of the proposed project to determine the atmosphere environmental impact assessment of this project is Class II.

Acoustic environment

New, rebuilt roads through functional area within the region are applicable to Class II standard area stated by GB3096-2008 and population affected by noise is greater, before and after new road construction; the sound level increments is above 3-8dB (A) on both sides of the roads. According to the basic principles of 5.2.3 in the classification of HJ2.4-2009 "Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (sound environment)," this acoustic environmental impact assessment requirement adheres to Class I.

Ecological environment

In accordance with evaluation classification principles of HJ/T19-1997 "Environmental Impact Assessment Technology Guidelines • Non-pollution Ecological Impact," rare animals and plants were not found within evaluation scope. There is no reduction of species diversity, desertification, and biomass decreases more than 50% and other problems, so the ecological environmental assessment of the project is identified as Class III.

1.4.2 Assessment Scope

According to provision of "Highway construction project environmental impact assessment disciples (for trial implementation)" (JTJ005-96), the assessment scope of the EIA is as follows:

Assessment scope of atmospheric environment

The scope of atmospheric environment assessment is within 200 m along both sides of the new and rebuilt road centerline.

Assessment scope of water environment

According to the relevant provisions of "highway construction project environmental impact assessment" (JTJ005-96), the scope of atmospheric environment assessment is within 200 m along both sides of the new and rebuilt road centerline.

Assessment scope of noise environment

The scope of acoustic environment assessment is within 200 m along both sides of the new and rebuilt road centerline

Assessment scope of ecological environment

In consideration of the characteristics of this project, along the proposed construction road there are residence, administrative offices, schools, hospitals, etc. According to HJ/T19-1997 "Environmental Impact Assessment Technology Guidelines • Non-pollution

9 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Ecological Impact," the environmental assessment scope is: vertical as the scope of the engineering design; horizontal expansion to the significantly impacted area generated by the anticipated project.

Socio-economic environment

The scope is about related Anding Road impacted by the anticipated project.

1.5 The Focus and Time of Assessment

1.5.1 Assessment Time

The assessment time for the project is construction period and operation period, construction period is from 2011 to 2015, operation period is the two phases after 2015.

1.5.2 Assessment Focus

This includes:

¾ The prediction and evaluation of noise environment impact; ¾ Ecological environmental assessment; ¾ Resettlement and social environmental impacts; ¾ Alternative study rationality; ¾ Environmental control measures and environmental monitoring plan; and ¾ Public participation in the investigation and analysis.

1.6 Environmental Protection Targets and Environmental Sensitive Points

1.6.1 Environmental Protection Targets

Screening principles of project environmental protection targets:

¾ On both sides of project road sections; ¾ Based on the first row buildings close to the road; and ¾ The main function of the buildings mainly involves schools, hospitals, hotels, residential units, and enterprises, etc.

Specific protection is as follows:

¾ Protection of the acoustic environmental quality and air environmental quality of the residential areas, schools, hospitals, enterprises, and other environmental sensitive points on both sides of the road. The quality should not decline because of the construction and operation of the project; ¾ Proper settlement of households to be relocated, mitigation of the adverse impact due to project construction to the related residents to the minimum level,

10 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

and effective protection of the vital interests of the relocated people; ¾ Protection of the vegetation, land, and other ecological environment on both sides of the road from hazards, taking appropriate environmental compensation and environmental mitigation measures to reduce the extent of environmental hazards; and ¾ Controlling the road storm runoff pollution and protecting surface water quality and water in Guanchun River from contamination;

1.6.2 Distribution of Environmental Sensitive Points

Based on the site exploration, the assessment screens mainly schools, hospitals along the project line, and new construction road sections with large work and residential houses around the new and rebuilt road sections, etc., (based on the first row buildings close to the road) as the main environmental protection targets. For details, see Table 1-8 and Figure 1-1.

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Table 1-8: Environmental Sensitive Points’ Distribution of Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Construction Project Distribution of Environmental Relationship with the Serial Object Environmental Sensitive Protection Location of the Project Remarks Number Properties Sensitive Targets Objects Road Water Between West Ring 1 Environment Guanchuan River Main Stream Surface water is Class IV zoning Road and Jiaotong Road Protection Targets Students, faculty and staff: 600, the nearest building from 2 Bolin School School Jiaotong Road road is 4 floor teaching building North Ershipu Students, faculty and staff: 300, the nearest building from 3 School Jiaotong Road Primary School road is 3 floor teaching building Sanshipu Primary Students, faculty and staff: 50, the nearest building from 4 School Jiaotong Road School road is bungalow Rural 5 Bolin Village Jiaotong Road 80 households Settlement The Third Community of Rural 6 Jiaotong Road 56 households Bolin Village Settlement Air and Acoustic The Tenth Community of Rural 7 Environmental Jiaotong Road 40 households Bolin Village Settlement Sensitive Points The Community of Rural 8 Jiaotong Road 66 households Ganlinkou Settlement Rural 9 Yuejiazhuang Village West Ring Road 91 households Settlement Students, faculty and staff: 300, the nearest building from 10 Anjiazhuang School School West Ring Road road is 4 floor teaching building Rural 11 Pumen Village West Ring Road 60 households Settlement Students, faculty and staff: 300, the nearest building from 12 Zhoujiazhuang School School West Ring Road road is 4 floor teaching building

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Accept commission of environmental impact assessment task

Material collection Focus and the overall arrangements Site investigation of the project EIA

To determine the implementation plan of project evaluation

Material collection Site investigation Status monitoring Pollution analysis

Natural and social Landform and Project-specific environment topographic maps of engineering survey within Project area; Atmosphere, process analysis; project area; the Meteorological and surface water, soil, Identification of environment status hydrological information groundwater, noise pollution sources, survey around of the project area; environmental pollutants borrow and Existing road conditions monitoring within emissions disposal sites; and main problems; project area; parameters in pollution Ecological Ecological survey operating region; prevention environmental sensitive statistical analysis. Pollutant accident measures analogy targets within project risk analysis; investigation. area. Pollution

Analogy investigation Pattern evaluation

Environmental impact analysis and forecast

Environmental standard Environmental objectives and functional requirements

Environmental impact assessment

Ecological Identification of Social environmental Water and environ- Public Environ- Environmental protection environmental impact acoustic mental Partici- mental investment estimate and impact assessment, soil environmental protection pation management environmental impact assessment and water impact measures and monitoring economic loss analysis and analysis conservation assessment and programs plan program and analysis

Environmental impact report

Figure 1-1: Gansu Dingxi urban road construction project environmental impact assessment procedures

13 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

II. PROJECT OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS

2.1 Loan Project Overview

2.1.1 Project Name and Construction Nature

Project name: Asian Development Bank Financed Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Construction Project

Nature of the project: According to the project components and construction characteristics, Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Construction Project is a new, expansion, and reconstruction project.

2.1.2 Project Location

All engineering contents of the Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Construction Project will be implemented in Anding District. Project location is shown in Table 2.2-1.

2.1.3 Road Routines and Major Control Points

The nature of the project is the urban road network reconstruction project, which includes six new roads and one expansion road in the new urban area. For overall program layout of road project, see Table 2-2; for road construction scale, see Table 2 -1.

Table 2-1: Project Road Construction Scale

Storm- Waste- ROW Bridge Con- Length water water No Description Classification Width struction Nature (m) Pipeline Pipeline (m) (m2/bridge) (m) (m) Jiaotong Rd Class II Urban Widen-i 1 4.035 40 7774 2403 2006.4/2 (Phase I) Main ng Xihuan Rd Class II Urban 2 3.856 36 6923 2355 1805.76/2 New (Phase I) Main Xincheng Rd Class II Urban 3 1.579 40 2195 1889 3446.4/1 New (Phase III) Main Bei'an South Class II Urban 4 0.792 18 1008 845 / New Rd Branch Bei'an Middle Class II Urban 5 0.769 18 996 838 / New Rd Branch Bei'an North Class II Urban 6 0.725 18 954 793 / New Rd Branch Dingxi North Class II Urban 7 1.812 18 2398 1967 361.44/1 New Rd Branch

14 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

2.1.4 Major Project Contents

This project is the city's transport infrastructure project for Dingxi urban road network building and reconstruction and includes three major components: urban planning road, drainage engineering, and road service function optimization. The specific content of the works is shown in Table 2-2.

Table 2-2: Major Project Content of Dingxi Urban Road Construction Project

Project Project Type Program Major Project Content Nature Scale Bei'an South Rd, Bei'an Middle Rd, Bei'an North Roads, bridge, drainage, lighting, Rd, Dingxi North Rd, barrier-free facilities, and other 9.526 km New Xihuan Rd (Phase I), projects along the roads Urban Xincheng Rd (Phase III) Planning Road Cross-sectional layout optimization and the widening of the existing Jiaotong Rd road surface, bridge, drainage, 4.035 km Widening lighting, barrier-free facilities, and other projects along the roads The road traffic signs and Road Service markings, traffic signals, traffic Function safety, public facilities, Urban Transport Project New Optimiza- management facilities, and related tion transport project management facilities

2.1.5 Main Technical Standards

2.1.5.1 Road Works

Road classification and speed calculation: According to Dingxi City Master Plan and the new urban area regulatory detailed planning, the new and reconstructed roads within the project scope are main roads. Road classification and description are shown in Table 2-3. According to different road classifications and based on the actual situation, the design speeds are shown in Table 2-4.

Table 2-3: Planning Road Classification

Road Description Road Classification ROW Width (m) Lanes (Two-way) Xihuan Rd Class II Urban Main 40 4 Jiaotong Rd Class II Urban Main 36 4 Xincheng Rd (Phase III) Class II Urban Main 40 4 Bei'an South Rd Class II Urban Branch 18 2 Bei'an Middle Rd Class II Urban Branch 18 2 Bei'an North Rd Class II Urban Branch 18 2 Dingxi North Rd Class II Urban Branch 18 2

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Table 2-4: Road Classification and Design Speed

Road classification Class II Urban Main Class II Urban Branch Road design speed (km/h) 40 30

New pavement structure: Adopt the asphalt concrete pavement structure. The cement stabilized sand gravel materials are to be used in the base layer and lime soil is to be used in the sub base layer. The design life is 15 years.

For pavement structure, motor lane width, and construction clearance standards, see Table 2-5.

Table 2-5: Pavement Structure, Motor Lane Width, and Construction Clearance Standards

Technical Standards Item Unit Remarks (Values)

Pavement Standard axle load calculation BZZ-100 Structure Design life year 15 A small motor vehicle lanes m 3.5

A mixed When design speed≥40km/h m 3.75 Motor Lane traffic When design speed m 3.5 Width lane: ＜40km/h Intersection entrance lane m 3.25 Intersection exit lane m 3.5 Construction Urban main road m ≥5.0 Clearance Standards Non-motor vehicles, pedestrians m ≥2.5

For road alignment design technical standards, see Table 2-6; for road horizontal and longitudinal alignment design standards, see Table 2-7.

Table 2-6: Road Alignment Standards at all Levels

Item Unit Standard Value Road design speed km/h 60 50 40 30 Not super elevated minimum horizontal curve radius m 600 400 300 150 Recommendations for super elevation horizontal curve radius m 300 200 150 70 super elevation minimum horizontal curve radius m 150 100 70 40 Without mild curve minimum horizontal curve radius m 1000 700 500 / Minimum horizontal curve length m 100 85 70 50 Minimum mild curve length m 50 45 35 25 Longitudinal slope % ≤5 ≤5.5 ≤6 ≤7 Super elevated cross slope % ≤4 ≤4 ≤2 ≤2 Sloping distance m 70 60 40 30 Minimum Convex Vertical curve limit radius m 1200 900 400 250

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Item Unit Standard Value Minimum Convex Vertical curve general radius m 1800 1350 600 400 Minimum Concave Vertical curve limit radius m 1000 700 450 250 Minimum Concave Vertical curve general radius m 1500 1050 700 400 Minimum Vertical curve length m 50 40 35 30 Minimum Longitudinal slope segment length m 170 140 110 85

Table 2-7: Road Horizontal and Longitudinal Alignment Design Standards

Jiaotong Xincheng Xihuan Rd Bei'an Bei'an Bei'an Dingxi No Item Rd (Phase Rd (Phase (Phase I) South Rd Middle Rd North Rd North Rd I) III) Road 1 Classifica- Class II Urban Main Class II Urban Branch tion Road Design 2 40 30 Speed (km/h) Minimum Horizontal 3 1000 1500 3000 / / / 200 Curve Radius (m) Minimum 4 Horizontal 127.548 254.032 365.541 / / / 344.687 Curve Lngth (m) Maximum 5 Longitudinal 0.968 4.495 1 6.5 6.194 4 1.511 Slope (%) Minimum 6 Longitudinal 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.708 0.632 1.102 0.3 Slope (%) Minimum Slope 7 355.227 400.440 194.360 367.351 363.826 344.735 223.558 Length (m)

2.1.5.2 Drainage Engineering

(1) The stormwater pipeline design standard and main parameters

Rainfall formula

Use storm intensity formula as follows.

q=284×(1+1.351gp)

t0.55

In this formula: q-Design storm intensity (L/s·ha)

t-Rainfall duration (min) t=t1+mt2

t1- Ground water catchment time (min) t1=10 minutes

17 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

t2- Flowing time in the pipe (min)

m- Pipeline reduction factor m=2.0

p- Design storm return period (year) p=1year

Design storm return period

The general area pipeline: usually adopt 1-year design storm return period.

Rainfall duration t=t1+m t2 (min)

In this formula, t1 is starting pipeline ground water catchment time, t1 using 10 min; t2 is flowing time in the pipe; m is delay factor, m=2. Flow formula: Q=ψFq (l/s) F is catchment area (ha). Runoff coefficient: ψ=0.60(according to Gansu Dingxi City Master Plan) ψ=0.60. Pipe roughness coefficient: UPVC n=0.010; Reinforced concrete pipe n=0.013 (full flow); n=0.014 (non-full flow).

(2) Sewage pipe design standards and the main parameters

Sewage design flow calculation: Q= qs·KZ·F (L/s) In this formula: Q—Sewage design flow (L/s) qs—Flowing rate (L/s·ha), qs=0.48 (L/s·ha)(according to the total planning sewage and total planning area described in Gansu Dingxi City Master Plan). KZ—the total variation coefficient The amount of groundwater infiltration is calculated by 5% of total city sewage.

(3) Pipeline structure and pipe

For pipeline structure technical standards and technical parameters, see Table 2-8.

Table 2-8: Pipeline Structure Technical Standards and Technical Parameters

No Item Technical Standards and Technical Parameters 1 Design life 50 years 2 Level of structural safety Class II 3 Importance factor 1.0

4 Pipeline The durability of concrete Meet the "two b" type environment category Structure The project construction site is Class II site, the structures 5 Seismic standards seismic intensity is 8 degrees, design basic earthquake acceleration value is 0.20 g. Groundwater table According to the survey data to determine the highest 6 water level and lowest water level Underground anti-floating 7 Anti-floating stability safety factor≥1.05 structures

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No Item Technical Standards and Technical Parameters Maximum value of crack width of reinforced concrete 8 Crack Control structure≤0.2mm. Foundation pit engineering 9 Class II level 10 Structure waterproof level Class II 11 Diameter≤DN500 UPVC reinforcement pipe Pipe 12 Diameter≥DN600 Reinforced concrete pipe

2.1.5.3 Bridge Engineering

This project will newly build six bridges across the ditch and 46 culverts; including two bridges and four culverts on Jiaotong Rd (Phase I); two bridges and 10 culverts on Xihuan Rd (Phase I); one bridge and three culverts on Xincheng Rd (Phase III); one bridge and four culverts on Dingxi North Rd; Bei'an South Rd, Bei'an Middle Rd and Bei'an North Rd each road has one culvert. The main bridge technical standards see Table 2-9.

Table 2-9: Main Bridge Technical Standards

No Item Technical Standards and Technical Parameters 1 Design base period 100 years 2 Design safety level Class I Durability design environment 3 Type I category Bridge design flood frequency 1/100 4 Culvert design flood frequency 1/50 Vehicle load: Determined according to the road 5 classification 6 Vehicle load level adopting road Class I Design load According to the regulations of City bridge design load 7 standard (CJJ 77-98) to determine crowd loads and non-motorized loads The basic seismic intensity of 7 degrees, the earthquake 8 Seismic standards peak acceleration 0.15 g According to the control design happens once in a century, 9 Design wind speed V10=25.8m/s

2.2 Project Construction Scale

2.2.1 Scale of Road Works and Engineering Technical Specifications

2.2.1.1 Scale of Road Works

The project road works including six new roads and one reconstruction road. Road scale and design specifications see Table 2-10.

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Table 2-10: Road Construction Scale

Storm- Waste- Bridge ROW Classifi- Length water water Construc- No Description Width Nature cation (m) Pipeline Pipeline tion (m) (m) (m) (m2/bridge) Jiaotong Rd Class II Urban Widen- 1 4.035 40 7774 2403 2006.4/2 (Phase I) Main ing Xihuan Rd Class II Urban 2 3.856 36 6923 2355 1805.76/2 New (Phase I) Main Xincheng Rd Class II Urban 3 1.579 40 2195 1889 3446.4/1 New (Phase III) Main Bei'an South Class II Urban 4 0.792 18 1008 845 / New Rd Branch Bei'an Class II Urban 5 0.769 18 996 838 / New Middle Rd Branch Bei'an North Class II Urban 6 0.725 18 954 793 / New Rd Branch Dingxi North Class II Urban 7 1.812 18 2398 1967 361.44/1 New Rd Branch

2.2.1.2 Road Engineering Technical Design

Road embankment horizontal and longitudinal section design

The center line of the design road basically follows the planning road center line, in order to ensure smooth traffic and meet the urban road design standard requirements. only in part of turning points or straight line length is too short sections, made a slight adjustment, cancel some short straight lines or add parts of circular curve and mild curve. Main adjustments of relative planning red line are shown in Table 2-11.

Table 2-11: Road Adjustment Plans

Road No Adjustment Content Adjustment Reason Description Reduce traffic noise impact on 1 Jiaotong Road Excavation at Bolin School schools Change lines or suspend 2 Xihuan Road Protect the Han tomb group construction at Zhujiazhuang section

Longitudinal section design follows vertical planning general layout and meets regional flood control requirements and road traffic demand, river navigation, and drainage requirements. Make full use of natural terrain and reasonably change nature terrain.

Each road crossing the river, taking bridge design elevation control, the road minimum longitudinal slope is greater than the 0.3%.

The maximum longitudinal slope considers non-motorized vehicles traffic demand, generally no more than 2.5%.

Reconstruction road longitudinal design elevation takes current road elevation as the basis.

20 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

The road elevation is slightly higher than the original. In order to make full use of existing pavement, reduce earthworks and underground pipeline modification numbers, well combine with floor. Longitudinal slope is basically consistent with current longitudinal slope. Minimum longitudinal slope at some road section is greater than 0.3%.

Road cross section design

Project road cross section design shown in Table 2-12 and Figure 2-1 to Figure 2-4.

Table 2-11: Road Cross Section Set Technical Specifications Table Roads and Road No Road Cross Section Construction Description Features Right of way width 40 m, Two-way 4 lane: 4.5 m (Sidewalk) + 4.5 m (non-motorized traffic lane) + 3.0 m (non-motorized traffic 1 Jiaotong Rd separation) + 16 m (travel lane) + 3.0 m (non-motorized traffic separation) + 4.5 m (non-motorized traffic lane) + 4.5 m (Sidewalk) = 40 m (total width) Right of way width 36 m, Two-way 4 lane: 4.5 m (Sidewalk) + 3.5 m (non-motorized traffic lane) + 2.5 m (non-motorized traffic 2 Xihuan Rd separation) + 15 m (travel lane) + 2.5 m (non-motorized traffic separation) + 3.5 m (non-motorized traffic lane) + 4.5 m (Sidewalk) = 36 m (total width) Right of way width 36 m, Two-way 4 lane: 4.5 m (Sidewalk) + 3.5 m (non-motorized traffic lane) + 2.5 m (non-motorized traffic 3 Xincheng Rd separation) + 15 m (travel lane) + 2.5 m (non-motorized traffic separation) + 3.5 m (non-motorized traffic lane) + 4.5 m (Sidewalk) = 36 m (total width) Bei'an South Right of way width 18 m, Two-way 2 lane: 3.0 m (Sidewalk) + 12 4 Rd m (travel lane) + 3.0 m (Sidewalk) = 18 m (total width) Bei'an Right of way width 18 m, Two-way 2 lane: 3.0 m (Sidewalk) + 12 5 Middle Rd m (travel lane) + 3.0 m (Sidewalk) = 18 m (total width) Bei'an North Right of way width 18 m, Two-way 2 lane: 3.0 m (Sidewalk) + 12 6 Rd m (travel lane) +3.0 m (Sidewalk) = 18 m (total width) Dingxi North Right of way width 18 m, Two-way 2 lane: 3.0 m (Sidewalk) + 12 7 Rd m (travel lane) + 3.0 m (Sidewalk) = 18 m (total width)

Figure 2-1: Jiaotong Road (Phase I) Cross Section

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Figure 2-2: Xihuan Road Cross Section

Figure 2-3: Xincheng Road (Phase III) Cross Section

Figure 2-4: Cross Sections of Bei'an South Road, Bei'an Middle Road, Bei'an North Road, and Dingxi North Road

Road pavement engineering

New roads such as Nanhuan Road and Xihuan Road use an asphalt concrete pavement structure and are designed for a life of 15 years.

Design methods adopt rebound deflection, bending stress, and shear stress with three design indicators. Soil base resilience is modulus 30 Mpa.

Concrete pavement structure is shown in Table 2-12.

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Table 2-12: New Road Pavement Structure Specification

No Road Description Road Pavement Structure Fine-grained asphalt concrete (AC-13) 4 cm + Medium-grained asphalt Main motorized concrete (AC-20) 6 cm + Modification asphalt stress absorbing 1 traffic road membrane + 5% Cement stabilized sand gravel 15 cm + 4% 15 cm + 12% Limestone soil 20 cm Fine-grained asphalt concrete (AC-13) 3.5 cm + Medium-grained asphalt Branch motorized concrete (AC-20) 4.5 cm + Modification asphalt stress absorbing 2 traffic road membrane + 5% Cement stabilized sand gravel 15 cm + 4% Cement stabilized sand gravel 15 cm +12% Limestone soil 20 cm Fine-grained asphalt concrete (AC-10) 2.5 cm + Medium-grained asphalt Non-motorized traffic 3 concrete (AC-16) 5 cm + 5% Cement stabilized sand gravel 18 cm + 12% road Limestone soil 18 cm Pre-cast colored concrete bricks 6 cm + M7.5 cement mortar 3 cm + 12% 4 Road sidewalk Limestone soil 20 cm

Reconstruction road: Jiaotong road pavement width structure is shown in Table 2-13.

Table 2-13: Expansion Road Pavement Structure Specification

No Road Description Road Pavement Structure Fine-grained asphalt concrete (AC-13) 4 cm + Medium-grained asphalt Main motorized concrete (AC-20) 6 cm + Modification asphalt stress absorbing 1 traffic road membrane + 5% Cement stabilized sand gravel 16 cm + 4% Cement stabilized sand gravel 16 cm + 12% Limestone soil 20 cm Fine-grained asphalt concrete (AC-10) 2.5 cm + Medium-grained asphalt Non-motorized traffic 2 concrete (AC-16) 5 cm + 5% Cement stabilized sand gravel 18 cm + 12% road Limestone soil 18 cm Pre-cast colored concrete bricks 6 cm + M7.5 Cement mortar 3 cm + 12% 3 Road sidewalk Limestone soil 20 cm

Road Subgrade Engineering

Subgrade design specifications are as follows:

¾ Road bed top soil base resilience modulus: ≥30Mpa; ¾ Embankment stability safety factor: 1.30; and ¾ Allowed settlement after construction (residual settlement within pavement design life).

Table 2-14: Allowed Settlement After Construction

Bridge and Without At the Box-Shaped Project Location General Embankment Casing Channel or Culvert Allowed settlement ≤0.10m ≤0.20m ≤0.30m after construction

The project intends to use heavy compaction standards in accordance with the urban road design specifications. Compaction degree of the road at all levels shown in Table 2-14.

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Table 2-15: Subgrade Compaction Table

Type of Compaction Degree (%) Depth Below Road Excavation and Trough Bottom Filling Main Road Secondary Main Road Branch Road 0～80cm 95/98 95/98 95/98 Filling >80cm 93/95 93/95 93/95 Cutting 0～30cm 95/98 95/98 95/98

The requirements for subgrade fill material are shown in Table 2-15.

Table 2-16: Minimum Strength and Maximum Size Requirements for Subgrade Fill Material Minimum Strength for Fill Material CBR Maximum Size Project Categories (Depth Below (%) for Fill Road Pavement Bottom) Main Road Material (mm) Upper Embankment 6.0 100 (0~0.3m) Lower Embankment 4.0 100 (0.3~0.8m) Embankment Upper Embankment 3.0 150 (0.8~1.5m) Lower Embankment 2.0 150 (1.5m) Zero Fill Lower Embankment 6.0 100 Embankment (0~0.3m) and Cut Embankment (0.3~0.8m) 4.0 100

Embankment height

Minimum embankment height – the maximum embankment height is 7 m.

Maximum bridge filled soil height: embankment foundation is good. In addition to backfill soil and backfill waste, other soil layer embankment bearing capacity is greater than 140 Kpa, with no soft soil layer distribution and a filling height of 4.0 ~ 5.0 m which can meet bridge embankment settlement requirements. However, considering the over high filling’s impact on the urban landscape, this bridge design filling height is no more than 3.5 m.

High fill, deep cut embankment

This part is mainly distributed in Xihuan Road; measures should be taken to ensure the stability of high fill embankment: The filled soil makes use of sand soil filling and maximizes use sand fill soil to enhance compaction layer by layer, do slope protection work well, and install drainage and erosion control facilities. The embankment located on the steep slopes steps should be excavated, stratified filling, and in every class steps lay more than 2 m wide geogrid.

24 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Collapsible loess-like silt treatment

According to the geological survey report, collapsible loess-like silt is distributed along the road. This project collapsible loess-like silt belongs to the dead weight collapsibility; the largest collapsibility degree is Grade III. Rolled compacted soil base can be treated as the embankment supporting layer, treatment way can be stratified compaction or dust filling, after treated the embankment then implement embankment filling construction, treatment depth with 0.8 ~ 1.0 m. While doing the embankment drainage work well, and prevent surface water imposing adverse effects on the embankment.

Filling embankment

According to design section, filling embankment must have stratified compaction and the thickness of the layer filling must be compatible with the compaction machine function. Generally, the thickness of each layer of loose soil should not exceed 30 cm (compacted thickness of about 20 cm). If the method of thin pavement and light grinding is used, the thickness of each layer loosens soil up to 15 ~ 20cm. For the convenience of slope cutting and slope fitting, embankment compaction width should not be less than the design width.

Natural soil base below the excavation embankment cutting required compaction reach to 87% (heavy) or more.

Embankment protection works

General filling and excavation slope protection: General filling and excavation embankment refers to the section which has a filling and excavation height less than 3 m. General filling and excavation embankment filled slope with 1:1.5, slope excavation slope used 1:1, planting grass to protect slope.

High filling and cutting slope protection: High filling and cutting slope protection refers to the section which has a filling and excavation height more than 3 m. Less than 8 m high fill embankment slope using 1:1.5, more than 8 m high fill embankment sloping gradually, the upper slope of 1:1.5, the lower slope of 1:1.75. If the embankment filling material is silt, the upper slope of 1:1.75, the lower slope of 1:2. Slope using vaulted stone mortar skeleton protection, planting grass in frame space.

Deep excavation slope protection: When deep excavation cutting height is greater than 8 m adopt sloping gradually, and install a stage for heaping soil and broken rock. Taking into account that the majority slope is loess slope in this area, excavation slope adopting a combination of slope protection wall and slope protection panel, the slope using 1:0.75.

Pavement materials

According to Dingxi road network situation, the cement concrete pavement is widely used, asphalt pavement is seldom. In recent years, due to the extensive use of quality imported asphalt, modified bitumen and high-quality weathering resistance asphalt, make roughness, sliding performance and durability of asphalt concrete pavement are improved greatly. Many

25 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

advantages can give into full play, such as good sliding performance, small noise, short construction and maintenance cycle and good road roughness. Therefore, from both investment efficiency and adaptability aspects, after comparison and selection, we recommend this project use asphalt concrete pavement (see Table 2-17). This project proposed to use asphalt concrete pavement.

Table 2-17: Pavement Material Comparison and Selection Table

Pavement Design Advantages Disadvantages Structure Life After pavement casting need Long life, low maintenance cost; maintenance period can open the Cement Concrete Easy to control the construction 30 traffic; For various joints, driving Pavement quality; Wide range of material comfort is poor. Once damaged, it is sources. difficult to repair. Require the use of imported High Flatness, less joint, driving high-quality asphalt, cost is high comfortably, small traffic noise. (usually domestic made asphalt with Asphalt Concrete Construction and maintenance poor thermal stability, easy to 15 Pavement are more convenient, after produce pavement rutting and pro finished rolling can open the pack in hot summer); Require traffic regular maintenance, high maintenance cost and short life.

2.2.1.3 Road Plane Intersection Engineering

Within the scope of this new project, the new and reconstruction roads including main roads, sub-distributors and branches, all these roads using plane intersection and signal control. Channelization entrance lane width is not less than 3.25 m; exit lane is not less than 3.5 m. In the main intersection, according to the traffic flow needs, set special left and right turn lanes to channelize traffic.

When two main roads intersect, the adjacent entrance lane set a special right turn lane or exit lane for the requirement of harbor bus stop, broadening a lane in the right side of the exit lane, lane width is 3.5 m. Including bus stop the broaden length is 100 m. Intersection broaden length at all levels is shown in Table 2-18.

Table2-18: Intersection Broaden Length at all Levels

Intersect Entrance Lane Broaden Length (m) Lane Entrance Lane Motor Vehicle Lanes Added Value Broaden Section Length Broaden Transition Section (m) Length (m) Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Main Secondary Branch Main secondary Branch Secondary Branch Main Road Road Intersection Road road Road Road 1～2 Main-main – – 80 – – 30～50 – – lanes Main- 1～2 1 lane – 80 50 – 30 30 – secondary lanes Main- branch 1 lane – － 60 – － 30 – － Secondary- – – – – 50 – – 30 –

26 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Intersect Entrance Lane Broaden Length (m) Lane Entrance Lane Motor Vehicle Lanes Added Value Broaden Section Length Broaden Transition Section (m) Length (m) Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Main Secondary Branch Main secondary Branch Secondary Branch Main Road Road Intersection Road road Road Road secondary Secondary-b － – – – 50 – – 30 － ranch

2.2.2 Road Ancillary Works

Road traffic signs and markings and road signal facilities

Based on the actual situation, set the appropriate traffic signs and reticules. Sign board material is the aluminum alloy plate, sign posts using galvanized steel, markings and sign materials using thermoplastic marking paint. Signs using reflective film of more than grade three. Lane with white dotted lines, the outer edge using a solid white line.

At the intersections and sections with large pedestrian traffic are required to set up special crossing signal lights.

Barrier-free facilities

For the major roads within the old town and new district of the city, blind travel should be laid on the road sections, in order to guide visual disabled people to walk with the tactility of soles. Blind travel should be laid continuously, the distance between barrier-free laying position and the green belt or tree hole is usually 0.25 ~ 0.3 m. Blind travel width with 0.30 m. Blind travel tips should be set up at the turning point. For real obstacles or object is likely to cause danger to the visual disabled people, adopting blind circle to remind visual disabled go around. Meanwhile, sections of the sidewalk should not have a sudden elevation and horizontal ridge, in order to facilitate the physically disabled to use wheelchairs. If there is a difference or horizontal ridge adopting slope transition, slope gradient meet the 1:20 requirements.

Bus stop set

Bus stops generally located outside the intersection exit of the 50 ~ 80 m, if the exit lane has broaden lane, then consider broaden length of the exit lane. The public transportation routes stopover generally set at the side of intersection exit lane, when conditions limited, can also be set at the side of entrance lane, but they should pay attention to the interweave when bus leaving bus stop and entering entrance lane, or consider the set of signal phase.

For specific bus stop setting, see Table 2-19.

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Table 2-19: Bus Stops Setting Program

No Setting Factors Setting Requirements 1 Bus Stops Distance Generally should be controlled in the 500 m ~ 800 m Should reduce the impact on motor vehicle lanes and 2 Graphic Design avoid the interference and intertwine with non-motor vehicles and pedestrians. In the case that intersection exit lane has broaden length, 3 Urban main road should combine with broaden length set harbor bus stop. Layout Urban main road; 4 Form urban secondary If it is need to set bus stop, usually adopt harbor bus stop. road Generally do not set harbor bus stop, using the total road 5 Branch road type

Road greening project

Project available green areas are: non-road use within the scope of interchange, median separation, and non-motorized traffic separation, part of the sidewalk and road slope and other parts.

Growing plants at median separation, non-motorized traffic separation, sidewalk and road slope. The median separation and non-motorized traffic separation can be planted 1 m of shrubs, or planted in accordance with different shape intervals, to increase the visual effect of the road. Planting trees on both sides of the sidewalk, plant turf or scatter seeds on both sides of the road slopes, which can play a role in beautifying the environment and curing the slope.

All green arrangement must meet the roads driving and the sight distance requirements so as to ensure road safety.

2.2.3 Crossing Ditch Bridge Engineering

According to urban planning road projects construction content, this project will build six bridges across the ditch and 46 culverts; including two bridges and four culverts on Jiaotong Rd (Phase I); two bridges and 10 culverts on Xihuan Rd (Phase I); one bridge and three culverts on Xincheng Rd (Phase III); one bridge and four culverts on Dingxi North Rd; Bei'an South Rd, Bei'an Middle Rd and Bei'an North Rd each road has one culvert. The overall bridge distribution is shown in Table 2.4-13.

New Bridge

This project will build six bridges across the ditch. Technical indicators are shown in Table 2-20.

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Table 2-20: Lists of New Crossing Bridge Specifications

Holes and Bridge Bridge Beam Road Bridge Angle Struc- Span Length Width Height Description Description (Degrees) ture (hole-m) (m) (m) (cm)

Medium Bridge 110 1-20 30.08 Gravity 95 Xihuan Rd 36 Small Bridge 135 1-10 20.08 Bridge 50

Small Bridge 110 1-10 20.08 Gravity 95 Jiaotong Rd 40 Medium Bridge 90 1-20 30.08 Bridge 50 Xincheng Rd Medium Bridge 105 4-20 86.16 40 Gravity 95 Dingxi North Rd Medium Bridge 90 1-20 30.08 18 Bridge 95

Table 2-21: Lists of New Culvert Specifications

No Center Stake Number Holes and Aperture Culvert Length Culvert Type Reinforced concrete 1 K0+120 1-2 45 culvert cover Reinforced concrete 2 K0+765 1-3 45 culvert cover Reinforced concrete 3 K1+161 1-3 46 culvert cover Reinforced concrete 4 K3+151 1-3 46 culvert cover

2.2.4 Drainage Works

The project drainage system adopts rain and sewage diversion system. According to Dingxi City Urban Master Plan to design rain and sewage pipe, and based on local topography and road design to partially optimize the design.

Rain Pipeline Engineering

According to Dingxi City Urban Master Plan, the stormwater drainage within the project construction scope adopts a self-drainage model, drain rain into the near East River, West River, and Guanchuan River, based on Guanchuan River’s 20-year control flood elevation laying urban stormwater pipe network. Road drainage catchment areas consider road drainage and land drainage on both sides of the road, bridge drainage catchment areas consider bridge drainage and green drainage within the scope of the bridge.

Stormwater Pipe Layout

Xihuan Road (Phase I) with ROW width 36 m, the rain single pipeline laid at 11.5 m to the west away from road centerline; sewage single pipeline laid at 11.5 m to the east away from road centerline.

Jiaotong Road (Phase I) with ROW width 40 m, the rain single pipeline laid at 12.5 m to the

29 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi east away from road centerline; sewage single pipeline laid at 12.5 m to the west away from road centerline.

Xincheng Road (Phase III) with ROW width 40 m, the rain single pipeline laid at 2.0 m to the west away from road centerline; sewage single pipeline laid at 2.0 m to the east away from road centerline.

Dingxi North Road with ROW width 18 m, the rain single pipeline laid at 6.0 m to the west away from road centerline; sewage single pipeline laid at 6.0 m to the east away from road centerline.

Bei'an South Road, Bei’an Middle Road and Bei'an North Road with ROW width 18 m the rain single pipeline laid at 6.0 m to the north away from road centerline; sewage single pipeline laid at 6.0 m to the south away from road centerline.

Pipeline base using sand cushion, the thickness of 150 mm.

Sewage Pipeline Engineering

Main sewage pipeline get closer to large drainage as soon as possible, laying pipes along flood ditch, river, Yellow River and other water body, and ultimately discharged to the wastewater treatment plant.

Xihuan Road: Sewage pipeline south from the Zhengfu North Road, north to the Jiaotong Road, according to road slope to lay sewage pipe, divided into several sections and discharged into road intersection planning sewage pipes. According to the master plan, the section from Chengbei yi Road to Nan ba Road belongs to Shibalipu Park, this section of the road will not lay sewage pipes. Other sections: north section to Nan ba Road ultimately discharged to the main sewage pipe at Xiyi Road,west forward and after convergence with Jiaotong Road sewage pipe, ultimately discharged to the planned wastewater treatment plant; design pipe diameter of d300 ~ d1000. The sewage from south section to Chengbei yi Road discharged to Xincheng Road, after centralized collection discharged to new district planned wastewater treatment plant for treatment, design pipe diameter of d300 ~ d400.

Jiaotong Road: Sewage pipeline south from the Zhengfu north Road, north to the Jiaotong Road, according to road slope to lay sewage pipe, divided into several sections and discharged into road intersection planning sewage pipes. According to the master plan, the section from Chengbei yi Road to Nan ba Road belongs to Shibalipu Park, this section of the road will not lay sewage pipes. Other sections: north section to Nan ba Road ultimately discharged to the main sewage pipe at Dongyi Road,west forward and after convergence with Xihuan Road sewage pipe, ultimately discharged to the planned wastewater treatment plant; design pipe diameter of d300 ~ d1200. The sewage from south section to Chengdong yi Road discharged to Xincheng Road, after centralized collection discharged to new district planned wastewater treatment plant for treatment, design pipe diameter of d300 ~ d400.

Pipe

Pipe diameter≤DN500 using UPVC reinforcement pipe; pipe diameter≥DN500 using

30 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi reinforced concrete pipe. Main engineering quantity is shown in Table 2.4-12 to Table 2.4-16.

2.2.5 Lighting Engineering

Road Lighting

This project total has seven roads, according to the power supply radius requirements, set 63 box-type transformers.

Interchange Lighting

This project total has three Interchanges, a lane layout compacted three-dimensional interchange, using the way of the pole lamp lighting system, lamp should choose radial symmetry configuration.

Road Lighting Design Standards

Urban main road average intensity greater than 25LX, uniformity not less than 0.4. Urban main secondary road average intensity greater than 15LX, uniformity not less than 0.35. Urban branch road average intensity greater than 10LX, uniformity not less than 0.3.

Power Supply

According to grade three load to design road lighting. The project Jiaotong Road lighting power supply comes from the 10KV public network, the Municipal Power Supply Bureau will determine the specific connection point after unified planning, made connection points connect the 10KV-YJV22 high-voltage cable with four 50KVA transformers and three 80 KVA transformers through the Welded steel pipe. The project Xihuan Road lighting power supply comes from the 10KV public network, made connection points connect the 10KV high-voltage cable with five 50KVA transformers and two 80 KVA transformers. The project Nan huan Road lighting power supply comes from the 10KV public network, made connection points connect the 10KV high-voltage cable with three 50KVA transformers.The Municipal Power Supply Bureau will determine the specific connection point after unified planning, made connection points connect the 10KV-YJV22 high-voltage cable through the Welded steel pipe. This project according to the principle of street lamp power supply radius about 800 m and the actual situation to determine the specific location of transformers.

2.2.6 Road Service Function Optimization

2.2.6.1 Road Traffic Signs and Markings

Urban roads and intersections shall be in accordance with all relevant state regulatory requirements, combined with the actual situation of the scene, appropriately place traffic signs and markings. Traffic signs are traffic safety facilities which installed on the road to give vehicles warning, prohibition, instruction, guidance and other signs. According to road design speed determine the size of signing board which has certain strength and reflective ability.

31 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Traffic signs are generally set in the column form (single column, double column), cantilever (bending pole, 2Fbenchmarking, 3Fbenchmarking and T benchmarking). Traffic markings are mainly lane center line, stop line and crosswalk line. Pavement markers have guided arrow etc. Sign board material is the aluminum alloy plate, sign posts using galvanized steel, markings and sign materials using thermoplastic marking paint. Signs using reflective film of more than grade three. The traffic is shown at the main road system vehicle route traffic clear safety Road marking is traffic safety management facilities which marked on the main road to clear vehicles driving route, including guided arrow in the road, lane dividing line, the zebra crossing and outside edge lane lines, etc. Lane using white dotted lines, the outer edge using a solid white line.

2.2.6.2 Road Signal Facilities

According to the planning and design, all urban roads use plane intersection, using traffic lights control general plane intersection, and conduct the corresponding entrance and exit channelizing design, in order to facilitate the traffic evacuation and increase intersection traffic safety.

Pedestrian traffic large of the pedestrian crossing the street at the pedestrian crossing shall be provided special lights. The intersection and road sections with large pedestrian flow are required to set up special crossing signal lights.

2.2.6.3 Road Traffic Safety and Publicity Management Facilities

Road traffic safety and publicity management facilities are the most basic identification system of urban road traffic, based on the related national standards, using advanced technology and green material, conducting user-friendly design, under the premise of ensuring road traffic function to coordinate and beautify urban landscape.

2.3 Project Investment and Financing

The total investment of project is 537.8022 million yuan, the construction investment is 504.1036 million yuan, of which the total cost of the project is 298.2943 million yuan, other costs of the project is 167.9683 million yuan (including land acquisition totaling 141,174,200 yuan; reserve fund totaling 3734.10 million; construction period interest of loans totaling 33,698,600 yuan.)

Project Funding Sources

Applying for Asian Development Bank loans $40 million, about 260.632 million yuan, accounting for about 48% of the total project investment.

The local government self-financing and domestic loans of 277.1702 million yuan, accounting for about 52% of the total construction project investment.

32 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Table 2-22: Summary of the Major Project Quantity

Project No Item Unit Remark Quantity Urban main line: 5.435 km, branch 1 New km 9.533 line: 4.098 km Road 2 Construction Reconstruction km 4.035 Urban main line: 4.035 km Total Length Urban main line: 14.908 km, Urban 3 Total km 13.568 secondary line: 17.08 km Motorized, non-motorized 4 m2 traffic lane 5 Sidewalk m2 Pedestrian separation 6 m fences 7 Traffic markings m 8 Traffic lights group 9 Tree lamp set 10 Rain outlet hole 11 Water supply pipeline m DN100～DN500 12 Stormwater pipeline m DN300～DN500 13 Stormwater pipeline m DN300～DN500 14 Sewage pipeline m DN300～DN500 Abandoned sewage pipeline 15 m DN300～DN500

17 Medium and small bridges m2 The amount of earth 18 m3 excavation 19 Backfill by earth and stone m3 20 Asphalt milling m2 21 Slope m2 22 Green m2

2.4 Project Using Land, Demolition, and Resettlement and the Amount of Earthwork

2.4.1 Project Using Land

Project permanent acquisition land area is 1,030.15 mus. According to the type statistics of project permanent acquisition land, cultivated land area of permanent acquisition land is 1,030.15 mus, accounting for 78.14% of the total acquisition land area (all irrigable land); land for housing is 167.4 mus, accounting for 9.32% of the total acquisition land area; Other land is194.89 mus, accounting for 10.85% of the total acquisition land area 194.89 mu, and other land total of the area of land expropriation; State-owned land is 30.13 mus, accounting for 1.68% of the total acquisition land area.

33 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Project permanent acquisition land overall statistics see Table 2-23.

2.4.2 Project Demolition and Resettlement

In the Project area, because of construction, mainly villagers, schools, enterprises and institutions on both sides of the seven planning roads are affected by the demolition. After investigation and survey, the project construction involves wide demolition scope, involving 724 families, directly or indirectly affect 4,024 people, in which 2,541 people of 753 households affected by cultivated land acquisition; Affected residential demolition area is 327,715.02 m2, (of which: the family total construction area of 31,362.48 m2) totaling 1,400 households 5,724 people; Affecting totally 14 enterprises and institutions, including one school and 13 enterprises. Specific affected population and housing and other facilities, each unit situation statistics and resettlement program are shown in “project demolition and resettlement" chapters.

Table 2-23: List of Project Land Acquisition Situation

Acquisi- Collective Land (mu) Acquisi- tion State- tion Cultivated Cultivated Road Classifi- owned Total Land Affected Land Land for Culti- cation Land Sub- (mu) Household Affected Hous- vated Others (mu) total (household) People ing Land (person) Jiaotong Rd 0 75.84 561 37.86 674.7 674.7 Xihuan Rd 0 38.02 608.1 99.85 745.97 745.97 Xincheng Rd 30.13 53.54 233.93 57.18 344.65 374.78 Bei'an South

Rd Bei'an Middle

Rd Bei'an North

Rd Dingxi North

Rd

2.5 Project Environmental Impact Analysis

Project is divided into construction period and operation period after the project is completed, due to different project activities implementation ways and factors, so its impact factors on the environment is not the same.

2.5.1 Project Construction Period Environmental Impact Analysis

Urban road project construction period technological processes generally are project planning, site exploration, scheme optimization, construction planning, construction preparation, land acquisition, relocation and resettlement, machinery operations, material transportation → roadbed construction (earth and rock excavation, filling and rolling, spoil stone) → bridge, embankment protection works and road pavement construction →

34 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi landscaping along the road; trench excavation → laying pipe → surface recovery.

During the construction period, the project mainly have a greater impact on the agro-ecological environment, ambient air, acoustic environment, water environment and social environment along the planning construction roads in the project area.

2.5.1.1·Ecological Environmental Impact

According to the highway construction characteristics, during roadbed and pipe laying construction process, due to earthwork excavation, filling, migration, deployment and disposal, will form a certain ground-breaking area which will damage the land surface and vegetation of project work area, land surface fragmentation increases, vegetation coverage rate reduced, soil erosion increases. And because of occupation of farmland and orchards, so the exposed surface area increased, in certain extent, the project will influence the original natural, social landscape of project area.

During project construction period, as a result of the construction surface and slope excavation, embankment high filling, which resulting changes in local topography, vegetation damage and the loss of the surface protective layer, in case of rain will lead to new soil erosion.

Project permanent acquisition land area of 1,795.45 mus, of which: cultivated land acquisition of 1,403.03 mus which will result in loss of farmland and other agricultural resources, so that the nature of land use will change which leading to reduction of crop production and cause some adverse effects on ecology environment in the region.

Large surface area excavation in the project area, a large number of earth filling and migration, both will have an impact on the regional ecological environment and urban landscape, especially project renovation works will have a greater impact on the city appearance during the construction period, while the new road mainly distributed in the edge of the city, relatively have a minor impact on the urban landscape.

2.5.1.2 Project Aggregates Supply

Construction needed sand, gravel, stone blocks and other materials are supplied by outsourcing form by the borrower, based on the field investigation, there are DaShaGou and Anding two large-scale gravel quarry in the project area, which can meet the needs of the project construction material, so this project does not establish gravel quarry, gravel stone used in the project will buy from these two gravel quarries, project construction units should sign material supply contract as soon as possible, in order to ensure the supply of gravel stone during project implementation period.

2.5.1.3 Project Earthwork Work Amount and Spoil Disposal

Project Earthwork Balance Estimation

According to the project area topography and the nature of various project construction and construction characteristics, the project roads are basically filling roadbed, the earthwork

35 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi filling work amount of bridge and other projects is greater than the excavation work amount; Water supply and drainage and rain, sewage and comprehensive pipeline are mainly excavation work, so the required filling materials for roadbed, bridges and other projects can use pipe excavation materials, various types of pipe excavation materials after transporting to roadbed construction, the remaining are abandoned materials, renovation of the existing road segments of milling asphalt concrete pavement will produce a certain amount of spoil.

According to various project design specifications estimation, because of project implementation of roads, bridges, water pipelines, which will produce the earthwork totally about 2.0983 million m3, on-site backfilling and transportation will use about 811,000 m3, backfilling and utilization rate 38.65%, eventually waste slag stone totally about 1.2874 million m3. Balance estimation of various project earth and stone engineering shown in Table 2.9-1.

Demolition Solid Waste

During project implementation process, 31,362.48 m2 houses will be demolished and which will produce about 52,400 m3 house demolition construction waste.

Project Solid Waste Disposal Planning

Because of the earth excavation, house demolition of this construction project, which will cause a large amount of spoil, slag stone and house demolition construction waste in construction area. if not promptly dispose and reasonably transport the large number of spoil, slag stone and house demolition construction waste, which will cause greater adverse effects on urban ecological environment, surface water environment, urban landscape environment of the project area and the surrounding area.

According to the project earthwork balance estimation, the project will totally produce 1.1923 million m3 waste earthwork, generate 524 million m3 construction demolition waste, 95,100 m3 old road reconstruction and renovation asphalt milling residue. For the above mentioned solid waste, appropriate measures will be taken for treatment and disposal (see Table 2-24). The residue field position, see Figure 2.7 -1.

Table 2-24: Project Solid Waste Disposal and Comprehensive Utilization Planning

Solid Waste Planning Recover Category of Disposal No Amount Residue Utilization Remark Solid Waste Amount of Slag (10,000 m3) Field Amount

Earthwork 1 excavation spoil Recover 2 Asphalt residue Utilization Demolition 3 construction Landfill waste Total

36 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

The project total produce all kinds of construction waste 1.1923 million m3, according to the nature of solid waste, after the EIA group and project office personnel’s field visit and comparison and selection to the project area and its surrounding area, finally determine to take following measures to dispose the earthwork excavation waste:

Old road renovation project produced 95,100 m3 of asphalt residue is HW11 kind hazardous waste which listed in national hazardous waste lists. In order to avoid improper disposal of spoil cause environmental pollution, require centralized collection and sent for recycling to road asphalt mixing station of Dingxi Municipal Engineering Administration Department as raw materials to reproduce pavement materials, implementing comprehensive utilization of resources.

House demolition construction waste is 524 million m3, all timely remove and transport to Dingxi landfill for disposal.

Requirements of the project with various types of solid waste must be taken to digging (with the split, with the milling), with clear, with the operation to the appropriate site (the manufacturers) of the disposal measures;

Waste transported to the hollow earth area must be immediately after the rolling compaction, prevent dust pollution.

Require all kinds of project solid waste after excavation (demolition, milling), clearance and shipment, must be taken to the corresponding field (factory) for disposal; Abandoned earthwork shipped to the concave ground area must be immediately roll and ram, prevent to produce the dust pollution.

2.5.1.4 Sound Environmental Impact

Divided into Mobile and Fixed Sound Source

During highway construction period, noise mainly comes from construction machinery operations and transport vehicles. During road construction period, operating machinery have large varieties, mainly equipped with mechanical excavators, road rollers, bulldozers, pavers and trucks, etc, operation noise intensity is between 75 ~ 105 dB (A). During the construction period, many types of operating machinery are working, including: the use of excavators, bulldozers, road rollers, pavers, loaders, graders and other heavy vehicles for road foundation treatment, pipe excavation, laying and filling. When the machinery and equipment are in operation, the noise value is between 75 ~ 115dB (A) at 15 m away from the sound source, the noise value of running vehicles is between 65 ~ 74 dB (A). These sudden non-steady or liquidity noise sources will have a greater impact on sound environment of project areas and their surrounding areas, especially schools, hospitals, residential areas and other sensitive areas.

2.5.1.5 Ambient Air Impact

Project construction period the impact of ambient air pollution primarily comes from dust pollution and asphalt smoke pollution.

37 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Dust Pollution

Due to surface excavation, embankment filling and other earthwork migration and cement, lime and other road construction materials transportation, as well as loading and unloading, mixing and other operations during embankment construction, will produce large amounts of dust, scattered in the surrounding atmospheric environment. And powder road materials in the transport and storage period, if take improper measures, on windy weather conditions will also generate dust pollution. Especially in case of strong wind weather, loading and unloading or fast driving speed, the dust pollution on the surrounding area or regional environmental air along the road will be more serious. In the process of house demolition, effective protection measures such as sprinkler and circling should be taken otherwise it will produce greater dust pollution.

Construction transport vehicles driving on newly built road, mostly driving on the temporary paved road, which is the main dust source of road construction. Vehicles driving on bare pavement road, the dust amount will dramatically increase than driving on bare pavement road.

Asphalt Smoke Pollution

Because sealed method are adopted to refine and transport asphalt, so only in paving process will produce the volatile of asphalt smoke, asphalt smoke contains Benzo(a) pyrene and other toxic or harmful substances, which will influence the environment air.

The motor vehicles exhaust pollution

The motor vehicle exhaust mainly discharges from three major parts; one is the one internal combustion engine combustion waste gases CO, NOx, HC, etc, discharge from the tailpipe, accounting for 60% of emissions. Second is the CO and CO2, etc discharge from the crankcase, accounting for 20% of emissions. Third is HC gas which evaporates out of oil tanks and carburetor combustion systems, accounting for 2% of emissions. The motor vehicle exhaust pollutant is very complicated, main components are CO, NOx, HC, and Pb.

2.5.1.6 Construction Wastewater’s Impact on the Surface Water Environment

The construction sewage is mainly the construction camp sewage and production wastewater two parts. Domestic sewage is mainly daily life wastewater discharged by construction camp operators; production wastewater is mainly road construction material mixing and cements components health drainage. The main pollutants of production wastewater and domestic sewage are COD, BOD, oil, SS, etc. Sewage pollutant concentration is low, discharged into the city municipal pipeline, production wastewater after precipitation treatment measures will be used for production, are not discharged into the outside environment, which has a little impact on urban surface water environment.

After the construction machinery running, dropping and leakage oil pollution and outdoor equipments are washed out by the rain in the rain period, forming surface runoff pollution containing water body and water quality.

38 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Mismanagement of construction camp sewage and living garbage will produce certain pollution to the adjacent surface water bodies.

Due to improper management protection, project construction materials piled up after washed out by the rain will produce pollution to the adjacent water bodies and water quality.

If conduct embankment excavation and filling close to the river side, due to improper protection, the soil and rock will drop into the river which will cause river water quality pollution.

2.5.1.7 Impact on Social Environment

Land acquisition and resettlement influence on the affected people’s lives.

Road construction will have an impact on power, communication facilities and other infrastructures along the road.

Barrier and traffic congestion caused by road construction work will have an impact on travel and safety of residents along the road.

2.5.2 Operation Period Pollution Sources and Environmental Impact Analysis

During operation period after this project is completed, the project will have different degrees of positive and negative impacts on the region's socio-economic environment, ambient air, acoustic environment, water environment and landscape ecological environment.

After completion of the project which will effectively improve the traffic and transport conditions of project area, along with the further improvement of transportation network will improve the understanding, depth and the breadth, and plays an important role in promoting Dingxi city social and economic development, town planning implementation, infrastructure construction, industrial and agricultural production, transportation, tourism development, etc., and also plays a good role in promoting regional goods and information exchange and improving residents' living quality of Anding District. However, the construction of the project will also bring some adverse impact to regional environmental, for example, during operation period, there is risk of dangerous goods transport contamination, due to traffic noise and air pollution will also cause living quality decline of residents along the road.

2.5.2.1 Impact on Ambient Air

After completion of the project, the impact on the environment air is mainly the air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust in the process of running; the main pollution factors are NOx, CO and non-methane hydrocarbons. At the same time, road dust caused by vehicle running will also have certain impact on environment air quality.

Currently, the auto pollution has become important air pollution source of Dingxi city, especially summer auto emission has become the primary air pollution source.

CO, HC: CO is the product of incomplete combustion of gasoline and diesel, when the

39 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi locomotive is in neutral position, slow speed, sudden acceleration, load is not too large, the air-fuel ratio (air and fuel ratio) is small, CO and HC emissions concentration is high, and when the car driving with high speed, the combustion of gasoline is best, CO and HC emissions is the smallest.

NOx: N2 and O2 in the air combined in high temperature during gasoline and diesel combustion process. Fuel combust completely, resulting high temperature, so NOx production is large; conversely, fuel combust incompletely, resulting low temperature, so NOx production is small. So when the car traveling at high speed and acceleration, NOx production is large, when the car is in neutral position or traveling at slow speed, NOx production is small (see Table 2-25).

Table 2-25: Relationship Between Vehicle Driving State and Emissions

HC Discharged From Emissions Fuel System Vehicle Driving State Displace- Fuel HC CO NOx Carburetor ment Tank Neutral Position Very low High High Very low Medium Low speed Low Low Low Low Average Small No Load High speed High Very low Very low Medium No Medium High Low Low High Medium No Acceleration Fast Very low Medium High Medium No Deceleration Very low Very high High Very low Medium

Affect Vehicle Emissions’ Average Emission Factor

The size of the motor vehicle exhaust emissions not only related to the car models, but also related to driving state (such as speed), fuel type, driving mileage, environment conditions (such as the temperature) and many other factors. Mobile model is developed by US EPA and recommended to calculate the average vehicle emission factor. This model calculation comprehensively consider the car's life, driving mileage, new car emission factor, degradation coefficient, driving speed, temperature, car oil properties and other factors’s impact on emissions. Calculate average emissions factor, see Table 2-26. Calculate the average emission factors in Table 2-26.

Table 2-26: Average Emission Factor

Models NOx CO THC CO2 CH4 N2O VOC Car 6.94 38.93 23.60 3172 0.50 0.57 8.36 Light-duty gasoline 9.08 83.76 28.50 3172 0.64 0.57 10.62 vehicles Gasoline medium-sized 10.07 32.16 106.40 3172 0.38 0.02 5.99 car Light diesel 7.36 6.81 2.25 3188 0.08 0.08 2.30 vehicles

40 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Models NOx CO THC CO2 CH4 N2O VOC Diesel medium-sized 6.17 5.82 4.75 3188 0.06 0.08 2.49 cars Heavy-duty 38.41 26.64 7.70 3188 0.23 0.08 2.47 diesel vehicles

2.5.2.2 Impact on Sound Environment

During highway operation period, traffic noise will cause some negative impact on sound environmental sensitive spots such as schools, hospitals, residential areas, and enterprises along both sides of the road. With the operation period traffic increase annually, traffic noise along the highway would also be increased.

Traffic noise mainly comes from driving motor vehicles on the road, showing flow noise sources. Motor vehicle noise is comprehensive sound, including different noise sources, mainly has: engine, exhaust noise, car body vibration noise, transmission mechanism noise and braking noise etc. The strong traffic noise source is related to speed, traffic volume, vehicle type, road and pavement structure, and many other factors.

2.5.2.3 Impact on Water Environment

Highway operation period impact on water environment is mainly heavy rain wash out the road, wash part of the sediment and oil into the surface water, which will have certain impact on the water environment quality.

2.5.2.4 Impact on Landscape Environment

The architectural style, shape and color of bridge across the ditch should in harmony with cultural landscape and natural landscape in this region and along the road. If so, it cannot only beautify the environment and improve traffic safety, but also has a positive and effective role on timely recover original vegetation and prevent soil erosion, reduce vehicle dust and absorb noise.

2.5.2.5 Risk of Hazardous Chemicals Transport Accidental Pollution

After the road put into operation, transportation of toxic or hazardous goods vehicles have an accident along roads, towns, villages and major agro-ecological zones and other sensitive sections, the accident will cause leakage which will bring certain harm to the environmental air, water environment and people health in this region and neighboring areas.

41 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

III. FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

3.1 Project Planning Conformity

The ADB loan for a road construction traffic project in Anding District, Dingxi city, Gansu consists mainly of new construction of an urban road network; the rebuilding of an urban road traffic system; road traffic and infrastructure management system; noise protection; and urban infrastructure construction, among other components. The concrete content includes: road engineering; water supply and drainage engineering; lighting engineering; optimization of a cross-sectional layout; overhaul and maintenance of the original road pavement; drainage engineering; remediation for spillway and slope protection; landscaping engineering; intelligent road signal control system; traffic monitoring control system, traffic information release system; and building of traffic noise and protection.

When the project is complete, it will improve urban road capacity; improve the condition of transport; shorten the distance of transportation vehicles; ease the pressure of the original transportation and transportation costs; save passenger travel time; and reduce traffic accidents.

Therefore, the construction of the project is in accordance with "General Planning for the Dingxi Urban of Gansu Province City” (2004-2020); "Regulatory Detailed Planning of the Dingxi Urban During the Circular Economy Industry Precinct” (2008-2020); and "The New Dingxi Area During the Regulatory Detailed Planning and Key Sections of the Planning of Urban Design Requirements.”

3.1.1 The Conformity Analysis of Gansu Province Road Network Planning

According to the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan for Gansu Province Highway Traffic Programming,” our province highway will primarily focus on people’s traffic needs; strengthen transportation infrastructure construction; form a convenient, expeditious, efficient, and safe transportation system, and make great efforts to improve service. Secondly, it will focus on the traffic and promoting the development of the economy. The transportation system should be developed firstly in order to encourage the economic development. Careful planning shall be implemented firstly when implementing the construction of the transportation infrastructure. The constantly increasing investment will maintain the development of economy and society" The key point for highway traffic construction should be formed 1 lap 1 line, that is to say, Lanzhou one-hour traffic circle and Tianjia thousand kilometer high speed transit line. The formation of Lanzhou as the center, 100 km for radius, spread out to Baiyin, Yongdeng, Yongjing Linxia, Lintao, Dingxi, Yuzhong areas as one-hour traffic circle...... ” Dingxi is the important city as Lanzhou one-hour traffic circle, especially for new Dingxi urban roads.

Thus it can be seen that the ADB loan for the urban road construction of the traffic construction project conforms to the general plan requirements.

42 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

3.1.2 The Conformity Analysis of New Urban Planning

According to "The New Area of Dingxi Urban Regulatory Detailed Planning and Key Sections of Urban Design," Chankou Subarea, which is located in Chankou Town, contains an industrial area, and in the center, two big functional areas divided into potato production and the Chinese herbal medicine processing industry.

The planning of Dingxi Urban include: the east to Jiaotong Road, the south to the Chenbeijiu Road, the west to Xihuan Road and Guanchuan River, the north to Beiba Road, the total planning land covers 1,185.9 ha. The main arterial road is taken as main framework confirmed from Dingxi Urban general planning, and is formed into a "two longitudinal and seven horizontal" pattern. The Western Ring Road and the traffic road are served by two longitudinal roads connecting the new and old areas. The others belong to the seven horizontal roads. The construction scheme is proposed on the basis of optimization of the two longitudinal and seven horizontal, so this project is in full accordance with "The New Area of Dingxi Urban Regulatory Detailed Planning and Key Sections of Urban Design" and is the optimal planning achievement for the relevant schemes.

3.1.3 The Conformity Analysis of Land Utilization Planning

According to our understanding of the project area and regional land utilization based on "City General Planning for the Dingxi Urban of Gansu Province" (2004-2020), the planning road construction on the project area’s farmland and courtyard belongs to the new area and Chankou subarea in the region overall planning of Dingxi city. Land use of this area is mainly related to housing, industry, educational institutions, and scientific research. We suggest limiting the industrial land, developing housing, and constructing an entertainment, business, and office center. Implementation of the road project will improve land utilization and address the shortage of available land for transportation purposes. Road improvements will aid in promoting the development targets proposed in "City General Planning,” stimulating Dingxi’s political, economic, and cultural center and developing processing and pharmaceutical industries, transforming into a modern ecological comprehensive city, which is one of the most important development goals.

3.1.4 Dingxi Conformity Analysis for Environmental Protection during the Plan

The plan’s environmental protection specifies that within the acoustic environment, environmental noise in urban areas is less than 60DB and urban road traffic noise is less than 70DB. Additionally, air pollution should be addressed by strengthening management of motor vehicles and controlling exhaust pollution. The plan also puts forth how to prevent and control water pollution: “To speed up construction of Dingxi’s sewage treatment plant, sewage pipe network, and water reuse system construction, and to implement enterprise pipe network simultaneously, a pipe network is preferred to separate rain from wastewater...."

The sub-project of this road planning includes advanced traffic control, water drainage

43 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi engineering, organization optimization measures for non-motor vehicle traffic, etc.

Thus it can be seen that the construction for this project is completely in accordance with the development requirements and goals of the plan.

From the analysis above, we can see that this project construction conforms to the relevant requirements of the city traffic, infrastructure construction, land, and environmental protection planning.

3.2 Zero Scheme Analysis

3.2.1 Zero Scheme Alternatives

Zero scheme is to keep the present situation of the scheme and to keep the present road conditions in evaluation area, with the development of the population, economic, infrastructure, and the implementation of the zero scheme. Analysis of the social impact, economic impact, and environmental impact in the evaluation area for the main content of this evaluation zero scheme is analyzed The main impact factors of zero scheme are as follows (see Table 3-1):

Table 3-1: The Impact Factors of Zero Scheme Table

Impacted Range Main Impact Factors Impact Analysis Traffic flow changes under zero scheme, The traffic flow, traffic safety, changes of the traffic flow, changes of the traffic commuter travel satisfaction, safety incidents, changes of the residents travel social service function, impact Social Impact satisfaction, improvement of social service of residents’ means of function, changes of residents’ production and production, cultural relics, and means of livelihood, impact of cultural relics and places of interest. places of interest. Regional logistics transport, Analysis of zero scheme impact for the regional Economic Impact public transportation, economic logistics transportation, public transportation, and development mode. mode of economic development. Atmospheric environmental Analysis of for atmospheric environmental Environmental impact, sound environment impact, sound environment impact, the water Impact impact, water environment environment impact, environmental risk caused impact, environmental risk. by the zero scheme. Bioenvironmental Land use, animals and plants, Analysis for bioenvironmental impact caused by Impact biological habitat, soil erosion. the zero scheme.

3.2.2 Analysis for Social Impact

3.2.2.1 Traffic Flow, Safety, and Commuter Satisfaction

According to the planning of the new area of Dingxi city: Evaluation area planning in five years or an even shorter period of time will be built into the new political, economic, and cultural center of Lanzhou Dingxi city. Additionally, the city government will be moved west, in order to motivate the construction of new area. The general goal of the new area

44 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi construction: It will be not only the future city center but also the political, the economic, and cultural center of Dingxi.

Thus it can be seen that, with the development of the region, the traffic flow rate will increase in future. But the area road traffic land accounts for only 1.8% of the construction land; thus it is not a formed traffic network and can't satisfy the needs of the future development traffic. This can lead to regional traffic congestion and cause traffic safety concerns, not to mention meeting commuter requirements.

3.2.2.2 Social Service Function

With the implementation of the new area plan in Dingxi city and improved commutes, the residents will experience an improved quality of life. This may lead to demands for additional and enhanced social service functions. However, there are no improvement measures for social service functions in the zero scheme, so it cannot satisfy the growing needs of the people.

3.2.2.3 Residents’ Production Material

As far as the impact on means of production for residents, the zero scheme did not result in the taking of land and residential dislocation, there is no effect on the residents’ production material.

3.2.2.4 Cultural Relics and Places of Interest

Regarding protection of cultural relics and places of interest, the zero scheme did not increase massive civil engineering, such as new land appropriation and moving, so the local cultural relics and places of interest are protected under the zero scheme implementation. But in the area of the project, there are no value cultural relics and places of interest, and the implementation of the project is good for residents going to the city park and other leisure places, with reduced travel time.

3.2.3 Economic Impact Analysis

From the planning of the new area, the future evaluation area will be based on the traditional industry, the new industry, and the third industry for leading to form modern city groups of cultural education, business centers, and the development of high-tech high levels, transforming Dingxi into an important production base as it enters the twenty-first century.

It can be seen that zero scheme obviously can’t satisfy regional logistics transportation requirements and public transportation, and it will restrict the future economic development.

3.2.4 Environmental Impact Analysis

3.2.4.1 Atmospheric Environment

Because of the trend, regional traffic flow will inevitably increase; therefore, zero schemes could also lead to increases such as car exhaust gas and dust transport of air pollution. By

45 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi strengthening urbanization management and utilizing clean energy reform with the current Dingxi urban public transportation the implementation for zero scheme can control the generation of pollutants from the total amount. But with the development of the new area in Dingxi, the zero scheme obviously can't satisfy the regional transportation logistics, requirements, and public transportation, which could lead to more regional traffic jams, causing stranded vehicles to emit increased vehicle emissions and adding to environmental pollution. Section VII of this report predicts the implementation of zero scheme will not address or mitigate existing strong road pollutant sources. From the above analysis, therefore, the zero scheme doesn’t help with the planning of atmospheric environment quality management for the new area of Dingxi.

3.2.4.2 Sound Environment

The road traffic land in this area accounts for only 1.8% of the construction land and can’t satisfy future traffic development needs, and indirectly lead to regional traffic congestion. With the natural growth of traffic flow in this area, the impact for evaluation of environmental noise can be strengthened further; thus the implementation of zero scheme didn’t help in the evaluation of overall environmental noise control.

3.2.4.3 Water Environment

The project design area is far from surface water, and is of project scope. There is a perfect urban drainage system and corresponding wastewater collection and processing system. So the implementation of the project of the zero scheme will not have an obvious effect on the environmental impact of water in the evaluation area.

3.2.4.4 Environmental Risk

Because the zero scheme can't satisfy the logistics requirements and public transportation for the planning new area, leading to increased regional traffic congestion and pollution for stranded vehicles, the degree of the regional environment risk is thus increased. Based on this point, zero scheme didn’t control the environmental risk of the evaluation area.

3.2.5 Impact Analysis for Ecological Environmental

3.2.5.1 Land Use

Because the zero scheme did lead to increased, large-scale civil engineering, such as new land appropriation and relocation, it will not change the land use properties. As a result, zero scheme will not have an obvious impact for the land use of evaluation area.

3.2.5.2 Animals, Plants, and Biological Habitat

Zero schemes keep the existing land pattern and natural distribution, so the implementation of zero scheme will not bring the corridor effect of the new road project. In addition, the connectedness of the nearby landscape and integrity of the biological habitats is maintained. The implementation of zero scheme will avoid the barrier effect of the highway itself, biological migration barriers, and population separation.

46 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

3.2.5.3 Soil Erosion

Because highway construction projects create obvious soil erosion, significant funds must be invested into the soil and water conservation measures, such as: soil and water conservation schemes during the construction period; restoration of construction marked places, greening measures, etc. According to "The Notice of Dividing Prevention and Treatment Areas for Soil Erosion in Gansu Province" (May 19, 2000), the project evaluation area of Anding District in Dingxi belongs to the key control area of soil erosion. So the implementation of the project zero scheme mostly reduced the unfavorable impact as to the evaluation area of land disturbance and surface plant damage for the project – hence, zero scheme benefits local water and soil conservation.

3.2.6 Contrast Analysis of Zero Schemes and Planning of the Implementation Scheme

Zero scheme and the final confirmed implementation scheme in the social, economic, and environmental factors have influential advantages and disadvantages. For the contrast analysis, please see Table 3-2.

From the contrast analysis, we can see that the implementation of the plan affected some residents’ production and living material and influenced land use. This area of Anding District belongs to the key control area of soil erosion; according to the proposed engineering measures and compensation measures, the planning can reduce or eliminate the above factors, so the implementation of the plan is superior to the whole implementation of zero scheme.

3.3 The Comparison, Selection, and Optimization of the Scheme

As a result of the route scheme of the road transportation project, the planning stage is formed after a rough comparison and selection with uncertainty; therefore, in detailed route plan study, many comprehensive factors must be taken into consideration and carefully chosen. In this evaluation, the comparison and selection of scheme is considered mainly from the following several aspects:

¾ Considering the state or local construction and planning to use task and nature for route requirements, combining with traffic demand analysis, to select the routing scheme having maximum local society and economic impact maximum and best traffic function. ¾ According to the role being played in railway, highway, water transportation, and other transportation networks, the roles of interaction and land use plan to determine the route are being considered. ¾ Considering the impact of geology, topography, hydrology, meteorology, and other natural conditions along the lines, the terrain and landscape should be chosen to harmonize with other and engineering geological conditions and a feasible technical route plan.

47 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

¾ Based on constructing the ecological road network of sustainable development, by way of analysis and comparison for the scheme of the route through the environmental sensitivity area to choose the road scheme which can harmonize and unify the construction and environmental protection. ¾ Fully considering the relevant urban infrastructure for the enterprise, the residents along, and along with the agricultural water conservancy, selecting route scheme can be kept close and harmonious with local.

3.3.1 The Comparison and Selection of Scheme

¾ Investigation and Collection of Basic Data

System analysis to determine the preliminary arrangement of the route will be done by widely collected state and local road network planning, strategic planning for the regional social economic development, and so on; short- and long-term planning of the town; existing and planned water conservancy facilities, power, and telecommunication facilities, railway, hydrology, geology and weather and other basic material, combined with the material of regional population, cultivated land, and transportation.

¾ Comprehensive Comparison and Selection

According to the collected information and in regard to the comparison and selection processes of the preliminary scheme and modification are the following:

According to "the protection law of cultural relics," West Ring Road has tombs from the Han dynasty in Dingxi city and the section of the ancient city in Anxi; however, this part in the project was cancelled. Synthesized the optimized contents of the scheme, comparison, selection, and optimization for the scheme in this project fully considered the conformity of strategic planning for local network planning, the planning of the new area of Dingxi city, environmental protection Dingxi area during the plan in Dingxi city, harmony among the existing and planning communications and transportation, regional population, agriculture, and environmental protection and so on, and determined the route of the layout set and relevant services engineering through the system analysis. In view of the feasible study stage, there is inevitable uncertainty, hence suggest further optimize immediately and complete relevant engineering content during the engineering being implemented stage.

48 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Table 3-2: Comparison and Analysis Table of Zero Schemes and Planning Implementation Scheme No. Impact Factor Zero Scheme Planning Implementation Scheme Road traffic land accounted for only 1.8% of the planning Increased road traffic land, improved the quality of existing roads, availed the 1 Traffic Flow area of land for construction, and can't satisfy the needs of regional transportation development. the development of the future traffic. Due to the regional transportation development fall behind, 2 Traffic Safety and this can lead to regional traffic congestion, cause traffic Improved the regional traffic safety. safety problems. Residents Travel 3 Can't satisfy the requirements of the trip. Improved traffic quality, traffic facilities and the residents travel satisfaction. Satisfaction The infrastructure implementation improved the regional social service function 4 Social Service Function Can't satisfy the growing needs of people. and quality. Permanent land area covers 1,787.41 mu. Therein, cultivated area is 695.94 Residents Production Didn’t take the land and to move, not to impact the residents 5 mu; homestead 391.13 mu; other land 462.41 mu; state-owned land 237.93 Material production material. mu. Changed some residents’ production material in this area. Cultural Relics and The project area without valuable cultural relics and places of 6 The project area without valuable cultural relics and places of interest. Places of Interest interest. Regional Logistics and Can't meet the new area development of transportation 7 Improved the regional transportation quality. Public Transportation requirements. 8 Economic Development Restricted the future economic development. To the economic development of the new area plan. Atmospheric Didn’t avail the atmospheric environmental quality 9 To the atmospheric environment quality management for new area planning. Environment management for the plan of the new area. Noise environmental impact would more sharpen, did not 10 Sound Environment To control the environmental noise of evaluation area. avail to control the environmental noise. To further improve the regional wastewater collection facilities, be helpful for 11 Water Environment No obvious impact. the planning of new district water environmental protection. Did not avail to control the environmental risk of the 12 Environmental Risk To control the environmental risk assessment. evaluation area. Did not need mass civil engineering such as New land Permanent land area of 1,787.41 mu. Therein, cultivated area is 695.94 mu, 13 Land Use expropriation and moving, will not to be obvious impact. homestead 391.13 mu; other land 462.41 mu; state-owned land 237.93 mu. 14 Animals and Plants No obvious impact. The project area involved artificial ecosystem farmland and yard. New road projects brought corridor effect and destroyed the connectivity of 15 Biological Environment Will not change the biological environment. near landscape and the integrity of biological environment. Evaluation area belongs to the soil erosion, planning takes the engineering 16 Soil Erosion To the local water and soil conservation. slope protection to protect measures and greening compensation.

49 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

IV. THE SITUATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION AREA ENVIRONMENT

4.1 The Situation of the Natural Environment

4.1.1 The Geographical Position

Dingxi area is located in the joint zone of the Loess Plateau, Gannan Plateau, and Longnan mountainous region. New jurisdiction areas include one new district and six counties, including Tongwei county, Longxi county, Weiyuan county, Lintao county, Zhang county, and Min county. It covers 203,30 km2 of the total land area.

Anding District is located in the central part of Gansu Province and the northern part of Dingxi, in the upstream of the Ganchuan River, a tributary of Zuli River. The east longitude is 104°12′－105°01′ and the north latitude is 35°17′－36°02’. It is bordered Huining County in the northeast, Longxi, Tongwei, Weiyuan in south, Lintao in southwest, and Yuzhong in northwest. Longhai Railway, Chanliu Highway, 312 National Highway, and 310 National Highway pass through Anding District. It is only 120 km to Lanzhou City.

4.1.2 Landforms

Dingxi belongs to the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau, which has a complex geological structure and landform differences. More than 80% of the area is a mountainous region with gully and ditches. It is mostly located at an elevation of 1,900 to 3,000 m. Dingxi city is the most prominent landform and features a gully aspect, slope steep, deep ditch, and broken terrain, in which gully density is between 1.5 and 2.5 km/km2. The areas with rivers and tableland cover only about 10%.The terrain of the evaluation area is tilted from south to north with many gullies and ditches. The southern area, namely Huma Mountain and Huajia Mountain is located at the elevation of 2,300-2,500 m. The highest elevation of Paifang Mountain is up to 2,580 m; in the north, the elevation of Loess Hilly is 2,000-2,300 m. The gully and foreland basin is relatively low. The lowest elevation is 1,700-2,100 m and the downstream valley of Guanchuan River is around 1,700 m elevation. According to the landform formation and morphology, the main landform types of evaluation area are: the low and medium hill of tectonic denudation; tableland, ridge, hills of continental tectonic erosion; loess hills of continental tectonic erosion; fault subsidence basin of tectonic erosion accumulation; and the valley of the erosion and deposition of river valley. All of this hilly topography is related to ancient landform of Paleogene Period system. The area mainly belongs to structure of loess of Malan in Quaternary. Most areas have a certain thickness of the collapsible loess layer; 0 ~ 6.5 m formation is sand, yellow-cinnamon soil, and yellow soil containing humus; 6.5 ~ 11 m is mostly constituted of gravel (mainly is middle sand and fine sand); and 11 ~ 150 m is relatively hard, light yellow, or yellow sandy mudstone.

4.1.3 Geological Structure

Evaluation area is located in the Valley of Zuli River of Loess Plateau of Longxi. The

50 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi geological structure formation can be divided into three generations of six group formations, which belongs to the part of the cyclotron fold belt of Longxi vortex structure system of the eastern Qilian Mountains. The geology condition of pre-Sinian, Precambrian, Cretaceous, Paleogene Period, Neogene Period, and Quaternary System is present, of which the loess of inland red terrestrial character of Tertiaryand Paleogene Period and Neogene Period is most widely observed. Deep loess (20-100 m) underlying the bedrock mainly contains gypsum purple clay, sand, and gravel, also known as the Gansu group.

4.1.4 Hydrology

Surface water

The main river in the evaluation area is Guanchuan River, a tributary of the Zuli River system (which flows directly into Zuli River); East River and West River (which flow into Guanchuan River); and Zuli River, a tributary of the Yellow River (which flows directly into the main river at the confluence of Zu River and Li Rivers). Zu River originated in the South Bay area and Youfang area, whose ground elevation is 2,160 m. From north to south, it passes through Taiping and Zhaisuo and converges with Li River in Huining. Li River originated in the Huajialing area; elevation is 2,450 m. From east to west, it passes through Zhongchuan and converges with Zu River into Zuli River in Huining, and then passes through Gangouyi, Guochengyi, and DaLu into the Yellow River in Jingyuan. The length of the Zuli River is 225 km; the river basin is 10,647 km2. Owning to impact of the natural geographic and underlying surface conditions and other factors, the flow of Zuli River is seasonal. In the upstream section of river, the flow is mainly from the surface runoff with the groundwater recharge almost zero. During the dry season, the flow in the river often stops completely, becoming a seasonal river. In the middle and lower reaches of river, the surface runoff accounts for 80% ~ 90%. Zuli River annual runoff is related to precipitation, mainly concentrated in the flood season (from mid-June to mid-September); annual maximum flow is generally concentrated in July and August. The maximum flow is: 1,710 m3/s for Huining station, 1,230 m3/s for Guochengyi station, and 1,910 m3/s for Jingyuan station. The average annual runoff of Zuli River is: Huining station for 15 million m3, Guochengyi station for 59 million m3, and Jingyuan station for 119 million m3. The East River and West River experience occasional flashfloods. The East River originates in northwest foothills of Huajialing, from southeast to northwest through Ningyuan, Xingyuan, Lijiabao, Tuanjie, and Qianchengguan Town. The full length of the river is 76.70 km. The area of river basin is 690.84 km2. The flow of East River usually is very small, and it increases slightly during the rain events. According to records, for many years the average annual runoff has been 15.8 million m3.The East River is mineral-rich. Mineralization is between 2 ~ 7.0g / L, with a lot of salt and alkali. The West River originates in Neiguan South Mountain and northeast of the foot of Humaling Mountain. From southwest to northeast, it flows through Fuchuan, Heishan, Dongyue, Neiguan, Xiangquan, and Qianchengguan Town. The length of river is 67.5 km and the area of river basin is 633.75 km2. For many years the average annual runoff has been 14.13 milion m3.The river water quality is good. For many years there has been a dry riverbed without year-round water due to the two upstream reservoirs. The East River and West River in Anding District converge to

51 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Guanchuan River, at Hongxian of Guanchuan gorge. It is passing through Dingxi area into Huining County. The length of mainstream in Dingxi’s territory is 104 km, and the area of river basin is 2,660.39 km2. It converges into Zuli River at Guocheng. Based on the records at Chankou Hydrologic station for Guanchuan River, the average annual flow is 0.93 m3/s, and the average annual runoff is 29.6836 million m3. Within a year, the runoff distribution is extremely uneven. Based on the recorded data in the Hydrologic station, the runoff is accounted for more than 60% of annual runoff from June to September.

Groundwater

The groundwater of Dingxi urban mainly is distributed in seven hydro geological units: Neiguan basin, Wolongchuan basin, Xiangquan basin, Guanchuan River, West River, and East River. According to a 1985 water resources investigation, the city's groundwater quantity is about 15 million m3; its total annual recharge of groundwater is about 530 million m3; and non-repetition volume of surface runoff is up to 60 million m3. The base flow volume of river runoff (repetition volume of surface water) reached a million m3. In the evaluation area, burial depth of the groundwater’s level is between 20 ~ 25 m, with phreatic water and weak water quality of medium corrosion.

4.1.5 Flood Discharge River

Dingxi urban belongs to the Zuli River system of Yellow River basin. The main rivers are Guanchuan River and Xigong River of Zuli River’s tributaries (the river flows directly into the main river), East River, West River, and Chenggou River (the river flows into a tributary river). They are all seasonal rivers. The main tributaries flowing through downtown are the East River and West River, which are the greatest threat to the safety flood control.

Upstream of Dingxi Urban East River, there are five reservoirs with a total design capacity of 11.29 million m3. In the upstream of the Urban West River, there are two reservoirs; total design capacity is 2.386 million m3. The reservoirs were all built in the 1970s. The sedimentation is significant, and water volume decreases in reservoir areas. The East River upstream has five reservoirs; the actual storage capacity is about 1.5 million m3. The West River upstream has two reservoirs; the actual storage capacity is about 1 million m3.

4.1.6 Natural Ecology

Vegetation

Vegetation coverage rate of evaluation area is comparatively low, about 13 percent. The existing vegetation is mainly artificial.

Climatic conditions determine the vegetation types. The main species are Cathay poplar, populous gansuensis, White elm, Peony, lilac, pilose asiabell, radix Glycyrrhizae, Gastrodia elata, wild oats, Leymus secalinus, and mallow. The main crops consist of spring wheat, corn, potato, peas, lentils, broomcorn millet, benne, rape, medicinal herbs, flowers, etc.

52 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Animals

There are no wild animals, no national rare and endangered animals, and protected species in evaluation area.

Soil

The soil in Dingxi area has five categories: Heilu soil, sierozem, loessal soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and moisture soil. Heilu soil and fluvo-aquic soil is found in wide hills and mountains in the southeast. The sierozem and loessal soil are mainly distributed in Guanchuan River and Xigong River and its tributaries in low altitude (2,000 m) areas, and moisture soil is mainly distributed in Neiguanzhai, Xizhai, Fujiachuan, Chankou, and Lujiagou.

4.1.7 Natural Hazard

The main natural hazard is drought, frost injury, torrential rain, hail, etc.

4.1.8 Earthquake

The earthquake intensity is seven in Dingxi area.

4.1.9 Climate and Weather

This area belongs to temperate semi-humid and warm temperate semi-arid region with blocked warm air in the southeast and an obvious continental climate and seasons. The dry climate has long hours with sunshine; rainfalls bring large evaporation. The rainfall is mainly concentrated among 7 ~ 9 months, bringing more than 50% of the total precipitation in the whole year. It is short frost-free period and is long winter. From the data statistic records for many years of Weather Station in Dingxi, the main meteorological parameters are as follows:

Table 4-1: Annual Temperatures

Average Temperature Degree Celsius Average temperature 6.3°C Extreme highest temperature 34.3°C Extremes minimum temperature -27.1°C The highest temperature of the annual average 18.4°C The minimum temperature of the annual average -8°C The amount of precipitation of the annual average 425.1 mm The evaporation capacity of the annual average 1,526.0 mm The sunshine duration of the annual average 2500.1h The frost-free period of the year 149d The relative humidity of the annual average 66% Predominant wind direction SE The wind speed of the annual average 1.8m/s Maximum depth of permafrost 0.97 m

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4.2 Social Environment Situation

4.2.1 Administrative Districts and Population Distribution

Anding District is the location of the municipal party committee and the city government and is also the center of political, economic, and cultural in this city. The administrative areas include 12 counties: Fengxiang, Chankou, Chenggoutyi, Lujiagou, Gejiacha, Xigongyi, Ningyuan, Lijiabu, Tuanjie, Xiangquan, Neiguan, and Fujiachuan, and towns such as Bailu, Shixiawan, Xinji, Qinglanshan, Shiquan, Xingyuan, and Gaofeng. There are two street agencies (Zhonghua Road and Yongding Road), and altogether 317 villagers (or residents) committees. In the whole area, the total population is 474,400 people, including the agricultural population of 378,500 people and the non-agricultural population of 95,900.

4.2.2 Industry Profiles

Some small and medium industrial enterprises are concentrated in the Dingxi urban area. Now it has become an industrial development system with machinery, carpet, pharmacy, and starch as the main products. The agriculture is mainly grain, medicinal herbs, and fruit production.

In recent years, with rapid industrial development of Dingxi Urban, there are many industrial enterprises built in urban areas. At present, it features six major industrial systems: green food processing industry, modern pharmaceutical industry, building material, chemical plastic, mechanical and electrical smelting, and carpet as the main products. The major backbone enterprises include more than 40 factories such as Huanyu Starch Products Company of Dingxi area, Gansu Province; Jindadi Food Company of Gansu; Dingxi Building Materials Company; Shenfei Carpet Factory; Craft Art Carpet Factory; Casein Factory; tax the printing shop, etc.

Dingxi city actively faced the international financial crisis but increased support for industrial enterprises. The industrial production enterprises are rising steadily. From January to August in 2009, the production from the large industrial enterprises was increased by 702 million Yuan. This is a 6% increase over the same period. In August, the industrial production added value of 110 million Yuan, a 19.6% increase over the same period. Growth rate and compared to June increased by 2.1 percentage points; compared to July, it increased by 0.3 percentage points.

From January to August, light industry and heavy industry are accomplished with added value of 169 million Yuan and 533 million Yuan, a respective 34.3% and - 0.3% increase over the same period. Output of major industrial products, metal fasteners, salt, and small-sized tractors showed the highest growth, a 61%, 48.8%, and 36.7% increase compared to the same period. The production reached 2,263.34 tons, 37,600 tons, and 2,360 tons. Cement, electricity generation, and Chinese patent medicine had a comparatively increase, whose output are 304,200 tons, 343 million kwh, and 472 tons, a 17.1%, 31.7%, and 15.4% increase compared to the same period.

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4.2.3 Agricultural Production Situation

Due to Dingxi city’s cool weather, there is a significant temperature difference between days and nights. The cultivated land soil is deep and is rich in potassium. The environment for potato growth is very suitable with local climate in the same period, with the advantage of planting potatoes richly endowed by nature. Therefore, potato varieties are large, high quality, and bright in color. In the market, there is an absolute advantage; domestic and foreign experts consider the country one of the world's best potato growing areas. Last year, the potato cultivation areas in Dingxi urban achieved about 2.8 million mu. Total output achieved 4 million tons. Total production value amounts to 1.369 billion Yuan. There are 13 potato processing enterprises whose production output is of more than 1,000 tons, which can process starch of 550 million kg every year. The commodity potatoes sold at home and abroad were nearly 1.5 billion kg, so Dingxi city becomes one of the three big potato producing areas. At present, the whole area already has been with the production capacity of annual production of 20 million of virus-free seed potato and 30 million of miniature plant seed potato; virus-free seed potato production occupied the domestic leading position.

4.2.4 Transportation and Communication

Anding District is located in the central of Gansu Province and is 120 km far from the provincial capital Lanzhou. Longhai Railway line goes through the territory of Anding. There are one highway, four state roads (G309 lines, G new 312 lines, G310 lines, and G312 lines), two provincial highways (S209 lines and S311 lines), and eight county roads (X039 lines, X112 lines, X125 lines, X330 lines, X327 lines, X083 lines, X094 lines, and X102 lines). It has been formed as the framework of main roads with highway of county, township, and village roads arranged in a crisscross pattern of road network, so traffic is comparatively developed.

4.2.5 Culture Education

Education in Anding District is taking “popularization of a nine-year education" as the goal in order to accelerate the developmental pace to improve school conditions significantly. The enrollment rate for the school aged children age achieves 97.19 percent. There are 291 all levels and kinds of schools in which have 85,375 students, including 69 ordinary middle schools, 264 primary schools, and 18 kindergartens. In 2008, there were 2,165 students who passed the college entrance examination, ranking the first in the whole town and the sixth in province. The level of health and medical services has been improved and a new, cooperative medical system in rural and urban areas has been fully implemented. For this, the rural participation rate reached 89.5 percent. With regard to culture, the nine township cultural stations and 40 rural libraries have been built. The development sports are good, mass sports activities are widely enjoyed, and health consciousness continues to increase.

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V. INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STATUS

5.1 Environmental Quality Overview

5.1.1 Surface Water Environmental Quality Overview

The major rivers within the evaluation area are Guanchuan River, a primary tributary of Zuli River water system; East River and West River; and a primary tributary of the Zuli River water system. Zuli River is a primary tributary of the Yellow River, which is formed by the Zu River and the Li River. Zu River originated in Nanwan and Youfang area. The altitude of the source region is 2,160 m, and it flows through Taiping and Zhaisuo from north to south to join with Li River in Huining. Li River originated in Huajialing. The elevation of the source region is 2,450 m, flowing through Zhongchuan from east to join with Zu River to form the Zuli River in Huining, then flowing through Gangouyi, Guochengyi, and Dalu to pour into the Yellow River. Zuli River is 225 km long, with a catchment area of 10,647 km2.

According to Guanchun (Dingxi urban section) routine monitoring data in 2008, COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, fecal coliform, etc., appear excessive within Guanchun (Dingxi urban section). Excessive ammonia nitrogen and fecal coliform is mainly caused by industrial and domestic sewage discharge of Guanchun (Dingxi urban section).

5.1.2 Overview of Air Quality of the Environment

¾ The regional air pollution sources are mainly industrial and business pollution and traffic exhaust pollution. Air pollution status monitoring data uses the relevant information from Dingxi Environmental Monitoring Station and the Provincial Environmental Sciences Design and Research Institute. Based on the air quality monitoring data, recorded from the automatic monitoring station located in Dingxi Anding by Dingxi Environmental Monitoring Station, the air quality parameters are (2007 data): ¾ Sulfur dioxide: Monitoring range of the daily average is 0.007-0.265 mg/m3; the annual average is 0.073 mg/m3; and the over-limit rate of daily average is 6.83%; ¾ Nitrogen dioxide: Monitoring range of the daily average is 0.008-0.116 mg/m3; the annual average is 0.045 mg/m3; and the over-limit phenomenon does not appear on daily average; and

3 ¾ PM10: Monitoring range of the daily average is 0.029-0.708 mg/m ; the annual average is 0.169 mg/m3; and the over-limit rate of daily average is 44.26%.

These data suggest that total suspended particulates (TSPs) exceeded severe levels in winter and summer. This is particularly serious in winter; in a few test points the over-limit

56 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi rate is 100% and the maximum over-limit multiple is 3.67, which is the primary pollutant.

From the above analysis we can see that Dingxi has the typical characteristics associated with coal-burning pollution in cities. Atmospheric pollution in winter is more serious than in other seasons within the assessment area. Air quality in winter is "medium pollution"; a few days are "heavy pollution" or "very heavy pollution"; in summer there is "light pollution," with TSPs the primary pollutant. This is related to the geographical position of the assessment area and the weather conditions of the wind direction and also related to smoke and dust emissions of private small coal stoves. This phenomenon is of great importance and should be noted by the relevant departments.

5.1.3 Noise Environmental Quality Status

Dingxi area equivalent noise level (Leq) was 58.9dB (A) in 2009, according to "Acoustic Environmental Quality Standards" (GB3096-2008). The Class II zoning standard and Leq is not exceeded.

5.2 Ambient Air Quality Status Survey and Assessment

5.2.1 Status Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality

The EIA uses the atmospheric ambient air quality monitoring data of the in the EIA report for Gansu Dingxi Urban Centralized Heating Project financed by Spanish government loans.

(1) Monitoring sites setting

The ambient air quality status monitoring assessment sets the following six sites:

¾ Dingxi Environmental Protection Bureau; ¾ Dingxi Train Station; ¾ Wangjiawo Village; ¾ Anjiazhuang; ¾ Yuejia Zhuang; and ¾ Majiazhuang.

For specific monitoring sites setting, see Figure 5.2-1.

(2) Monitoring projects

Monitoring projects include SO2, NO2, TSP, and PM10.

(3) Monitoring time and frequency

Monitoring time lasted seven days, from January 6, 2010 to January 12, 2010. Each factor monitored the daily average, TSP, and PM10 once a day and once every 12 hours. SO2, NO2 daily average concentration sampling time should not be less than 18 hours. SO2, NO2 hour

57 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi concentration was four times a day; daily monitoring times were 09:00, noon, 15:00, and 18:00.

(4) Sampling and analysis methods

The sampling and testing was conducted in accordance with the requirements in "Environmental Monitoring Technical Specification" (atmosphere part), and the analysis was carried out in accordance with the requirements in Table 2 of the national standard "Ambient Air Quality Standard" (GB3095-1996), as shown in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1: Methods of Sampling and Analysis on Pollutants

Items Analysis Methods Used Instrument Names Remarks Formaldehyde - hydrochloride BX2400-type constant flow of SO2 pararosaniline spectrophotometry continuous sampling (GB/T15262—94) 721 spectrophotometer Hydrochloric acid BX2400-type constant flow of NO2 naphthylethylenediamine continuous sampling spectrophotometry (GB/T15436—95) 721 spectrophotometer TSP Weight method KC-120H moderate flow sampler

PM10 Weight method KC-120H moderate flow sampler

5.2.2 Monitoring Results and Analysis

Statistics and analysis of monitoring results in Table 5-2 to Table 5-6.

Table 5-2: NO2 Summary Table of Hourly Average Monitoring Results Analysis (Unit: mg/m3)

Dingxi Monitoring Environmental Dingxi Train Wangjiawo Anjiazhuang Yuejia Zhuang Majiazhuang Time Protection Station Village Bureau 9:00 0.016 0.024 0.012 0.014 0.018 0.018 12:00 0.015 0.029 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.6 15:00 0.012 0.017 0.015 0.012 0.012 0.007 18:00 0.012 0.009 0.01 0.018 0.013 0.009 9:00 0.011 0.016 0.009 0.015 0.011 0.011 12:00 0.014 0.04 0.011 0.006 0.012 0.015 1.7 15:00 0.009 0.016 0.01 0.01 0.015 0.01 18:00 0.006 0.019 0.007 0.012 0.009 0.008 9:00 0.017 0.026 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.017 12:00 0.013 0.029 0.009 0.016 0.011 0.011 1.8 15:00 0.004 0.009 0.016 0.012 0.01 0.012 18:00 0.009 0.008 0.01 0.016 0.008 0.009 9:00 0.014 0.023 0.011 0.016 0.02 0.014 1.9 12:00 0.017 0.032 0.01 0.011 0.011 0.016

58 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Dingxi Monitoring Environmental Dingxi Train Wangjiawo Anjiazhuang Yuejia Zhuang Majiazhuang Time Protection Station Village Bureau 15:00 0.009 0.015 0.009 0.01 0.01 0.009 18:00 0.01 0.01 0.011 0.014 0.011 0.01 9:00 0.021 0.018 0.009 0.011 0.01 0.01 12:00 0.006 0.013 0.009 0.009 0.006 0.011 1.10 15:00 0.005 0.011 0.006 0.01 0.009 0.01 18:00 0.012 0.01 0.011 0.013 0.008 0.008 9:00 0.017 0.015 0.005 0.01 0.014 0.019 12:00 0.007 0.015 0.006 0.009 0.016 0.011 1.11 15:00 0.009 0.012 0.009 0.008 0.01 0.009 18:00 0.008 0.01 0.011 0.012 0.009 0.01 9:00 0.007 0.019 0.011 0.013 0.019 0.013 12:00 0.015 0.031 0.009 0.011 0.009 0.009 1.12 15:00 0.005 0.013 0.007 0.01 0.01 0.009 18:00 0.005 0.014 0.006 0.01 0.012 0.019 Average 0.011 0.018 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.012 Value Concentration 0.004 0.008 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.007 Range -0.021 -0.040 -0.016 -0.018 -0.020 -0.019 Standard 0.24 Value (%) of Max Allowable 8.75 16.67 6.67 7.50 8.33 7.92 Concentration Over-limit 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rate

Table 5-3: SO2 Summary Table of Daily Average Monitoring Results Analysis (Unit: mg/m3)

Dingxi Monitoring Environmental Dingxi Train Wangjiawo Anjiazhuang Yuejia Zhuang Majiazhuang Time Protection Station Village Bureau 1.6 0.026 0.075 0.017 0.013 0.01 0.017 1.7 0.035 0.073 0.022 0.023 0.02 0.02 1.8 0.033 0.06 0.018 0.015 0.014 0.018 1.9 0.052 0.068 0.014 0.013 0.01 0.017 1.10 0.049 0.071 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.016 1.11 0.042 0.072 0.008 0.015 0.013 0.013 1.12 0.044 0.07 0.011 0.015 0.015 0.015 Average 0.040 0.070 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.017 Value

59 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Dingxi Monitoring Environmental Dingxi Train Wangjiawo Anjiazhuang Yuejia Zhuang Majiazhuang Time Protection Station Village Bureau Concentration 0.026 0.060 0.008 0.012 0.010 0.013 Range -0.052 -0.075 -0.022 -0.023 -0.020 -0.020 Standard 0.15 Value (%) of Max Allowable 34.67 50.00 14.67 15.33 13.33 13.33 Concentration Over-limit 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rate

Table 5-4: NO2 Summary Table of Daily Average Monitoring Results Analysis (Unit: mg/m3)

Dingxi Monitoring Environmental Dingxi Train Wangjiawo Anjiazhuang Yuejia Zhuang Majiazhuang Time Protection Station Village Bureau 1.6 0.012 0.018 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.017 1.7 0.015 0.01 0.009 0.013 0.015 0.017 1.8 0.013 0.022 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.016 1.9 0.023 0.018 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.016 1.10 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.011 0.009 0.012 1.11 0.01 0.012 0.01 0.012 0.015 0.016 1.12 0.009 0.015 0.009 0.011 0.015 0.012 Average 0.014 0.016 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.015 Value Concentration 0.009 0.010 0.009 0.011 0.009 0.012 Range -0.023 -0.022 -0.015 -0.016 -0.017 -0.017 Standard 0.12 Value (%) of Max Allowable 19.17 18.33 12.50 13.33 14.17 14.17 Concentration Over-limit 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rate

Table 5-5: TSP Summary Table of Daily Average Monitoring Results Analysis (Unit: mg/m3)

Dingxi Monitoring Environmental Dingxi Train Wangjiawo Anjiazhuang Yuejia Zhuang Majiazhuang Time Protection Station Village Bureau 1.6 0.221 0.262 0.237 0.239 0.223 0.288

60 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Dingxi Monitoring Environmental Dingxi Train Wangjiawo Anjiazhuang Yuejia Zhuang Majiazhuang Time Protection Station Village Bureau 1.7 0.253 0.254 0.236 0.208 0.226 0.261 1.8 0.244 0.243 0.227 0.219 0.215 0.255 1.9 0.221 0.223 0.217 0.205 0.203 0.224 1.10 0.219 0.255 0.224 0.197 0.217 0.217 1.11 0.233 0.257 0.194 0.224 0.218 0.224 1.12 0.219 0.228 0.215 0.236 0.239 0.254 Average 0.230 0.246 0.221 0.218 0.220 0.246 Value Concentration 0.219 0.223 0.194 0.197 0.203 0.217 Range -0.253 -0.262 -0.237 -0.239 -0.239 -0.288 Standard 0.30 Value (%) of Max Allowable 84.33 87.33 79.00 79.67 79.67 96.00 Concentration Over-limit 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rate

Table 5-6: PM10 Summary Table of Daily Average Monitoring Results Analysis (Unit: mg/m3)

Dingxi Monitoring Environmental Dingxi Train Wangjiawo Anjiazhuang Yuejia Zhuang Majiazhuang Time Protection Station Village Bureau 1.6 0.061 0.068 0.047 0.042 0.036 0.047 1.7 0.063 0.075 0.043 0.035 0.039 0.021 1.8 0.062 0.069 0.032 0.038 0.030 0.047 1.9 0.070 0.077 0.028 0.038 0.030 0.055 1.10 0.063 0.053 0.030 0.030 0.033 0.033 1.11 0.039 0.032 0.032 0.035 0.029 0.029 1.12 0.037 0.039 0.032 0.037 0.039 0.028 Average 0.056 0.059 0.035 0.036 0.034 0.037 Value Concentration 0.037 0.032 0.028 0.030 0.029 0.021 Range -0.070 -0.077 -0.047 -0.042 -0.039 -0.055 Standard 0.15 Value (%) of Max Allowable 46.67 51.33 31.33 28.00 26.00 36.67 Concentration Over-limit 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rate

61 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

(1) SO2 pollution characteristics

During the monitoring period, hourly concentrations of SO2 at each monitoring site are not all over the limit. The concentration range is 0.003-0.133 mg/m3; max (0.133 mg/m3) in Dingxi Train Station at 3 p.m. on January 8, 2010; the percentage of max allowable concentration is

26.60%. During the monitoring period, daily average concentrations of SO2 are not excessive. The concentration range is 0.008-0.075mg/m3; max (0.075 mg/m3) is in Dingxi Train Station on January 6, 2010; the percentage of max allowable concentration is 50%.

(2) NO2 pollution characteristics

During the monitoring period, hourly concentrations of NO2 at each monitoring site are not all over the limit. The concentration range is 0.004-0.040 mg/m3; max (0.040 mg/m3) is in Dingxi Train Station at noon on January 7, 2010, the percentage of max allowable concentration is

16.67%. During the monitoring period, daily average concentrations of NO2 are not excessive. The concentration range is 0.009-0.023 mg/m3; max (0.023 mg/m3) is in Dingxi EPA on January 9, 2010; the percentage of max allowable concentration is 19.17%.

(3) TSP pollution characteristics

During the monitoring period, hourly concentrations of TSP at each monitoring site are not all over the limit. The concentration range is 0.194-0.288 mg/m3; max (0.288 mg/m3) is in Majiazhuang on January 6, 2010; the percentage of max allowable concentration is 96.00%.

(4) PM10 pollution characteristics

During the monitoring period, hourly concentrations of PM10 at each monitoring site are not all over the limit. The concentration range is 0.021-0.077 mg/m3; max (0.077 mg/m3) is in Dingxi Train Station on January 9, 2010; the percentage of max allowable concentration is 51.33%.

Analysis shows that the environmental quality is good in Dingxi, and that no over-limit situation has occurred.

The main pollution characteristics are that TSP pollution is more serious and the percentage of max allowable concentration is higher. The TSP daily average concentration max is 0.288 mg/m3; the percentage of max allowable concentration is 96.00%. The main reason is that Dingxi is located in the northwest arid area, and dust caused by wind is significant. This, combined with winter heating, leads to more serious TSP pollution and a higher percentage of max allowable concentration.

5.3 Investigation and Assessment of Environmental Noise Status

5.3.1 Noise Monitoring

The EIA carried out noise status monitoring in order to understand the acoustic environment

62 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi status of the new, extension, and rebuilt road sections.

(1) Monitoring sites

A total of 12 acoustic monitoring sites are placed in 1×1 km grid in the project area (See Table 5.3-1 and Figure 5.3-1). The monitoring has set 26 representative acoustic environment sensitive monitoring sites. (See Table 5.3-2 and Figure 5.2-1.)

(2) Noise monitoring data

Acoustic environmental monitoring factor is equivalent to continuous A noise level LAeq; Environmental sensitive point monitoring data is one-hour equivalent to continuous A noise level and the accumulated percentage noise levels L10, L50, L90.

(3) Measuring time

Daytime and nighttime continuous measuring time was two days.

(4) Measuring method

The distribution of the monitored data is plotted in accordance with the requirements of "Acoustic Environmental Noise Measuring Method" (GB/T 3222).

5.3.2 Monitoring Results Analysis

(1) Acoustic environment status monitoring results

The status monitoring results of Table 5.3-1 shows that average L10 during the day in the project area is 46.1 db (A) and during the night is 37.9 db (A); average L50 during the day is 41.8 db (A) and during the night is 34.4 db (A); average L90 during the day is 38.9 db (A) and during the night is 32.7 db (A). The average equivalent noise level in the project area during the day is 45.6 db (A) and during the night is 36.0 db (A); the average equivalent noise level at each monitoring site during the day is less than 50 dB (A) and during the night is less than 40 db (A), which meet the Class II mixed zone standard in national standard "acoustic environmental quality standards," acoustic environmental quality is good.

(2) Noise monitoring results of environmental sensitive point

For noise monitoring results of environmental sensitive points, see Table 5.3-3. In addition to the fact that the North Campus of Northwest Normal University is far from the highway center line, the other sensitive points are between 14 ~ 52.5m.

According to Provisions 8.3 of "Urban Environmental Noise Applicable Zoning Technical Specifications", the requirements for noise monitoring are as the followings:

For Class I urban area, a Class I monitoring shall be conducted beyond 50m of the right-of-way of the road and rail (including light rail) while a Class IV monitoring shall be conducted within 50m of the right-of-way.

63 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

For Class II urban area, a Class II monitoring shall be conducted beyond 35m of the right-of-way of the road and rail (including light rail) while a Class IV monitoring shall be conducted within 35m of the right-of-way.

For Class III urban area, a Class III monitoring shall be conducted beyond 25m of the right-of-way of the road and rail (including light rail) while a Class III monitoring shall be conducted within 50m of the right-of-way.

For transportation projects, if there are schools, hospitals (including sanatoriums and nursing homes) and other special sensitive buildings, the monitoring standards are set as the maximum outdoor daytime noise are 60 db and 50 db during the night. The above requirements shall apply to the different types of urban areas mentioned above, i.e. for Class I urban area with sensitive buildings, the 60/50 db standard shall be conducted beyond 50m of the right-of-way of the road and rail (including light rail) while for Class II urban area with sensitive buildings, the 60/50 db standard shall be applied beyond 35m of the right-of-way.

64 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Table 5-7: Acoustic Environment Sensitive Points Status Monitoring Sites

Elevation Difference Between Serial Distance From Highway Center Sensitive Points Monitoring Point and Road Description Number (m) Bed (m) Students, faculty, and staff: 600; the Between West Ring Road and 1 Bolin School 1.2 nearest building from road is 4 floor Jiaotong Road teaching building Students, faculty, and staff: 300; the 2 North Ershipu Primary School Jiaotong Road 1.2 nearest building from road is 3 floor teaching building Students, faculty, and staff: 50; the 3 Sanshipu Primary School Jiaotong Road 3.5 nearest building from road is bungalow 4 Bolin village Jiaotong Road 3.5 80 households 5 Third Community of Bolin Village Jiaotong Road 0.5 56 households 6 Tenth Community of Bolin Village Jiaotong Road 1.5 40 households 7 The Community of Ganlinkou Jiaotong Road 2.5 66 households 8 Yuejiazhuang Village Jiaotong Road 1.3 91 households Students, faculty, and staff: 300; the 9 Anjiazhuang School West Ring Road 1.4 nearest building from road is 4 floor teaching building 10 Pumen Village West Ring Road 1.5 60 households Students, faculty, and staff: 300; the 11 Zhoujiazhuang School West Ring Road 1.8 nearest building from road is 4 floor teaching building Students, faculty, and staff: 600; the 12 Bolin School West Ring Road 1.0 nearest building from road is 4 floor teaching building

65 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Indoor monitoring results shows that, according to the standard of daytime 45dB and nighttime 35dB, the indoor noise is relatively high, affecting the normal rest of residents. Acoustic insulation mass range of doors and windows is 4.3 ~ 20dB.

(3) Road section traffic noise monitoring

As the villages on both sides of expansion roads increase, in some areas, everyday noise is also more prominent and traffic noise cross-section monitoring is difficult to place. Based on the actual situation, we only set up a cross-section on Jiaotong Road, and the monitoring results shown in Table 5-8.

Table 5-8: Road Section Noise Monitoring Results

Distance Accumulated Percentage Noise Level (dB) Monitoring to the Leq (dB) Daytime Nighttime Section Road Bed (m) Daytime Nighttime L10 L50 L90 L10 L50 L90 20 66.0 62.7 69.5 63.3 57.2 66.2 61.3 55.3 40 62.2 62.5 66.2 59.8 54.6 67.2 58.2 52.7 Jiaotong 60 59.6 61.2 63.2 57.3 53.0 63.2 55.1 50.4 Road 80 57.6 58.0 61.3 54.2 48.9 59.1 49.8 44.7 120 52.3 53.7 54.8 49.5 44.8 54.9 47.3 41.9

For recording of the road traffic during the monitoring period, see Table 5-9.

Table 5-9: Road Section Traffic Noise Monitoring Synchronous Road Traffic Conditions

Models Medium Traffic Large Vehicle Small Vehicle Monitoring Site Vehicle Conversion

Jiaotong Daytime: 17:30～18:30 82 150 300 1903 Road Nighttime: 50～23: 50 31 86 120 511

As the monitoring results indicate, within 50 m from the road, Class IV zone requirements can be met during the daytime, and within 100 m at nighttime, Class IV zone requirements can be achieved. This indicates that, in terms of the monitoring, nighttime traffic noise is louder than that of daytime.

5.4 Investigation and Evaluation of the Ecological Environment Status

5.4.1 Survey of Vegetation Status

The project area belongs to the semi-arid grassland ecosystems. Due to drought conditions, natural vegetation is sparse, vegetation coverage is about 13%, and existing vegetation is dominated by artificial vegetation. Climatic conditions determine the vegetation types of this area. The main species are Cathay poplar, Populus gansuensis, white elm, Chinese pine, peony, lilac, Codonopsis, Licorice, Hyoscyamus, wild oats, Leymus, mallow, etc. The main

66 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi crops are spring wheat, corn, potato, peas, lentils, Migu, sesame, rapeseed plant, herbs, flowers, etc. Project area vegetation distribution shown in Figure 5.4-3.

5.4.2 Soil Status

Local soil has four categories of soil: Heilu soil, gray calcium soil, loess soil, and alluvial soil. The vast hills and south-east mountains feature Heilu soil and loess soil. Gray calcium soil is mainly distributed along the Guanchun River and Xigu River and its tributaries’ low-altitude areas 2,000 m away, while the alluvial soil is distributed mainly on the floodplains of Neiguanying, Xizhai Village, Fujaichuan, Chankou, and Lujiagou.

5.4.3 Survey of Animal Status

Animal and plant resources in Dingxi are scarce and dominated by the artificial vegetation. Animal groups are mainly grassland and farm animals, with almost no carnivores. Herbivores include hare, pheasants, sparrows, and other small rodents; the dominant species is the ground squirrel rodent. As the project area is located in the city, it is without wildlife distribution, according to on-site investigation and expert consultation.

5.5 Survey and Assessment of Surface Water Environment Quality Status

5.5.1 Surface Water Environment Quality Status Monitoring

(1) Monitoring sections

The EIA laid two monitoring sections, namely: Section I, located 500 m upstream of the East River in the outer space of the developmental zone and Section II (Yongding Bridge section), 1,500 m north of the developmental zone. Water quality monitoring sections are shown in Figure 5.5-1.

(2) Monitoring project

Monitoring factors include PH, DO, permanganate index, BOD5, COD, ammonia nitrogen, petroleum, volatile phenol, sulfide, anionic surfactants, cyanide, fecal coli form, fluoride, arsenic, cadmium, Zn , Cu, Hg, Pb, and Cr6+.

(3) Monitoring time and frequency

Monitoring time is once each day over three consecutive days chosen from a high water period (from August 27- 31, 2009).

(4) Analysis method

Monitoring and analysis methods are in accordance with environmental monitoring and analysis methods. (See Table 5.5-1.)

67 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

(5) Assessment criteria

Surface water environmental quality assessment performs Class IV water area standards of "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002). Performance standards are shown in Table 5-10.

Table 5-10: List of Water Quality Analysis Methods

Minimum Allowable Monitoring Items Analysis Methods Method Source Limit (mg/L) PH Glass electrode method GB6920-91 0.1 (PH) DO Iodometric GB7489-87 0.2 Permanganate Index Permanganate index GB11892-89 0.5

BOD5 Dilution and inoculation GB7488-87 2 COD Dichromate method GB11914-89 5 Ammonia Nitrogen Nessler's reagent photometry GB7479-87 0.05 Petroleum Infrared spectrophotometry GB/T16488-1996 0.04 4-- An Jian antipyrine Volatile Phenol GB7490-87 0.002 extraction spectrophotometry Methylene blue Sulfide GB/T16489-1996 0.005 spectrophotometry Methylene blue Anionic Surfactants 0.05 spectrophotometry Isonicotinic acid pyrazole Cyanide ketone assay colorimetric GB7486-87 0.004 method Fecal Coli Form Fermentation Fluoride Ion selective electrode GB7484-87 0.05 Atomic fluorescence Arsenic spectrometry Atomic fluorescence Cadmium 0.01μg/L spectrometry Zn Flame atomic absorption GB7475-87 0.02 Cu Flame atomic absorption GB7475-87 0.05 Hg Flame atomic absorption GB7475-87 0.2 Pb Flame atomic absorption GB7475-87 0.05 Diphenylcarbazide hydrazine Cr6+ GB7467-87 0.004 spectrophotometry

68 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Table 5-11: Monitoring Items Performance Standards (Unit: mg/l except for PH)

Perman- Pollutants Dissolved Ammonia PH CODcr ganate BOD Phenol Nitrous Name Oxygen 5 Nitrogen Index Standard 6.5-8.5 5 20 6 4 1.0 0.005 0.15 Value Hexa- Pollutants Nitrate Cyanide Arsenic Cadmium valent Hg Pb Cu Name Chrome Standard 20 0.2 0.05 0.0001 0.05 0.05 0.005 1.0 Value Total Pollutants Zn Petroleum Fluoride Sulfate Chloride Coliform Phos- LAS Name phorus Standard 1.0 0.05 1.0 250 250 10000 0.1 0.2 Value

5.5.2 Water Quality Monitoring Results

Monitoring statistical results are shown in Table 5.5-5 and 5.5-6.

5.5.3 Analysis of Water Quality Monitoring Results

Individual pollution index methods were used to assess surface water environmental quality status.

The computing formula is as follows:

Cij Csj Si, j =

In which: Si, j – the exponential index of parameter i at section j;

Cij - the concentration value (mg/L) of parameter i at section j; and

Csj – the surface water quality standards (mg/L) of parameter i.

Pollution index of pH value uses the following computing formula:

0.7 − pHi SpH = 0.7 − pHsd pHi ≤7.0

pHi − 0.7 SpH = pHsu − 0.7 pHi>7.0

In which: SpH - the sub-index of pH value;

69 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

pHi - the measured value of pH value;

pHsd -the minimum allowable limit of pH value assessment criteria; and

pHsu - the max allowable limit of pH value assessment criteria.

According to provisions of HJ/T2 • 3-93 “Environmental Impact Assessment Technology Guidelines,” the standard index of water quality parameter is greater than one, indicating that the water quality parameter exceeded the prescribed water quality standards and it cannot meet the using requirements.

Table 5-12 and Table 5-13 shows Section I ammonia over 0.047 times the limit; section II dissolved oxygen is over 0.93 times the limit; permanganate index is over 0.32 times the limit; chemical oxygen demand is over 8.13 times the limit; biochemical oxygen demand is over 25 times the limit; ammonia nitrogen is over 26.2 times the limit; volatile phenol is over 1.6 times the limit; and LAS is over 1.45 times of the limit.

70 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Table 5-12: Surface Water Environment Monitoring Results and Assessment Form (Section I) (Unit: mg/L - Except PH, Fecal Coli Form)

Analysis Item Chemical Biochemical Dissolved Permanganate Oxygen Oxygen Ammonia Volatile PH Petroleum Fluoride Cyanide Oxygen(DO) Index Demand Demand Nitrogen Phenol Samples No. (COD) (BOD) 1# 8.36 7.5 2.04 20.2 2.5 1.50 0.01L 0.002L 0.54 0.004L 2# 8.34 8.0 1.92 14.6 2.1 1.52 0.01L 0.002L 0.51 0.004L 3# 8.31 8.2 1.78 21.0 2.7 1.57 0.01L 0.002L 0.41 0.004L Average Value 8.34 7.90 1.91 18.6 2.43 1.53 0.01L 0.002L 0.487 0.004L Average Value Reach the 0.67 0.19 0.62 0.41 1.02 L L 0.32 L Assessment Index Standard Max Over-limit Times 0 0 0 0 0 0.047 0 0 0 0 Hexavalent Fecal Coli Form (ten ??? Cu Pb Zn Cadmium As Hg LAS Chromium thousand/L) 1# 0.05L 0.005L 0.02L 0.0001L 0.0005L 0.00001L 0.004L 0.050L 0.1400 2# 0.05L 0.005L 0.02L 0.0001L 0.0005L 0.00001L 0.004L 0.050L 0.1100 3# 0.05L 0.005L 0.02L 0.0001L 0.0005L 0.00001L 0.004L 0.050L 0.1100 Average Value 0.05L 0.005L 0.02L 0.0001L 0.0005L 0.00001L 0.004L 0.050L 0.1200 Average Value L L L L L L L L 0.06 Assessment Index Max Over-limit Times 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Note: L indicates that nothing was detected

71 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Table 5-13: Surface Water Environment Monitoring Results and Assessment Form (Section II) (Unit: mg/L -- Except PH, Fecal Coli Form)

Chemical Biochemical Analysis Item Dissolved Permanganate Oxygen Oxygen Ammonia Volatile PH Oxygen Petroleum Fluoride Cyanide Index Demand Demand Nitrogen Phenol Samples No. (DO) (COD) (BOD) 1# 8.12 0.200 12.9 206 122 39.0 0.01L 0.024 0.56 0.008 2# 8.10 0.200 13.2 180 109 39.2 0.01L 0.026 0.76 0.008 3# 8.14 0.200 12.7 274 156 40.8 0.01L 0.023 0.68 0.005 Average Value 8.12 0.200 13.0 220 129 39.7 0.01L 0.024 0.667 0.007 Average Value 0.56 L 1.30 7.33 21.50 26.47 L 2.40 0.44 0.035 Assessment Index Max Over-limit Times 0 0.93 0.32 8.13 25 26.2 0 1.6 0 0 Hexavalent Fecal Coli Form (ten ??? Cu Pb Zn Cadmium As Hg LAS Chromium thousand/L) 1# 0.05L 0.005L 0.0318 0.0001L 0.0005L 0.00001L 0.004L 0.514 0.0940 2# 0.05L 0.005L 0.0328 0.0001L 0.0005L 0.00001L 0.004L 0.601 0.0940 3# 0.05L 0.005L 0.0361 0.0001L 0.0005L 0.00001L 0.004L 0.746 0.0790 Average Value 0.05L 0.005L 0.0336 0.0001L 0.0005L 0.00001L 0.004L 0.620 0.0890 Average Value L L L L L L L 2.07 0.04 Assessment Index Max Over-limit Times 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.49 0

Note: L indicates that nothing was detected

72 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FORECAST AND CONTROL MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

Traffic engineering encompasses new roads, road widening, and reconstruction. Preparation time of preliminary construction is longer, including route planning, housing demolition, etc. During construction, part of the land and urban roads will be occupied, which will disrupt the urban traffic, and will cause disruption and inconvenience to urban residents’ access and work.

6.1 Impact Analysis on Urban Traffic

The project reconstruction section of Jiaotong Road, with a larger flow of people and traffic in current, uses the staged construction methods in the process of building, carrying out segmental construction, and speeding up the construction schedule of the whole road to facilitate residents on both sides of the road, businesses, and passing vehicles. New West Ring Road and South Ring Road use construction methods to reduce the security risk during construction; therefore, in some sections, traffic jams and congestion may emerge in peak hours, particularly as there are many enterprises on both sides of South Ring Road, when in peak time, traffic is intense. Therefore, this requires traffic management departments to strengthen management, use adjacent road networks to manage traffic, and to shift traffic in order to ensure residents experience no interference with everyday life.

During construction, the construction unit will use a lot of construction machinery and transport vehicles, which will increase traffic flow along the areas. This will interfere with traffic, possibly causing congestion during peak hours.

6.1.1 Impact Analysis on Residential Life

Analysis of the impact on engineering to urban traffic indicates construction may cause disruption; result in traffic congestion, indicating the need to use traffic diversion, bypass, and other temporary measures. This will allow ease of travel for work and residential life on both sides of the road. During construction, a variety of surface and underground lines and pipes will inevitably be affected; this includes water supply and drainage pipes, gas pipes, heat distribution pipeline, electricity cables, and other communications. However, normal use will not be affected.

Road construction will bring with it roadbed excavation and a delay in the removal and transportation of waste and debris. It will also impact daily life, agricultural production, and two-way travel.

To alleviate this effect, the design unit has listened to local units and residents’ comments and suggestions in the early stages of construction to mitigate the negative effects of road construction as much as possible. This has engendered understanding and support. After determination of the communication program, an effective communication channel shall be setup to meet the communication needs of residents on both sides of the route. This will also

73 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi ensure the quality of the channel and the margin of future development, ensuring smooth drainage during the rainy season, which does not affect the normal passage.

Project demolition is mainly focused on dwelling houses, buildings for production and operation, greenhouses, etc. These produce large amounts of solid waste and therefore must be removed and transported to the landfill designated by the environmental protection department during road construction.

In addition, the dust, asphalt smoke, construction dust during the dry season, and solid waste and noise generated during the construction activities will impact adversely on residents’ living. Due to existing roads being damaged or closed for a short time during construction, the daily life and travel of residents on both sides of the road will be inconvenienced. However, construction activity is temporary and the adverse effects of construction activities will disappear with the completion of the construction, so the construction activities impact on living is short-term and limited.

6.1.2 Control Measures during Construction

Pre-construction work should be fully prepared, to carefully investigate the proposed works involved, such as: roads, power supply, communications, etc., and to collaborate with relevant departments in advance to determine removal measures, diversion programs, and execution, above all ensuring normal life activities.

In order to reduce the impact of construction on urban life and to keep urban traffic to a minimum, urban road transport vehicles route should be made a unified shunting planning to avoid causing traffic congestion during the construction. If necessary, coordination with the police traffic department should be done to ensure the smooth flow of urban traffic and normal operations, and television, radio, and other media should be used for advanced notifications.

Also important is construction site bulletin boards which explaining the main project content, construction time, etc., enlisting the public in understanding inconveniences due to construction, and indicating contacts for the complaint hotline.

Water and electricity consumption is substantial during the construction, so the construction units should contact relevant departments in advance to determine the pipeline connecting and extracting program. The temporary pipeline and connection shall be planned in advance to ensure the supply has adequate capacity to prevent the occurrence of water and electricity temporary failure due to the connect, and to ensure the normal power supply of residents, industrial and mining enterprises and government departments and institutions along the roads.

In the place near the school, the construction site should set up a temporary bridge and scaffold, use dense networks to protect and ensure pedestrian safety.

Hanging height and direction of construction lights should be obvious, and consider non-invasive residential nighttime use.

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6.2 Urban Ecological Landscape Impact Analysis and Prevention Measures

6.2.1 The Impact on Greening Vegetation

With the reduction of green areas during construction, the impact on the ecosystem along both sides of road is unavoidable; for the urban vegetation systems, however, the impact is minor, and with the project put into operation, the improvement of greening and vegetation coverage rate will continue to increase, with the impact eventually eliminated.

The green areas will be filled mainly with transplanted trees such as the Chinese scholar tree, shrubbery, flowers, etc. Because some trees such as poplars cannot survive the transplanting, they must be eliminated. Trees to be transplanting will be selected according to the nearest land and suitable season. When transplanting, the surrounding residents should be notified and the government landscaping unit shall be in charge of tree transplanting.

As the tree growth takes a long time, so in the process of construction the existing landscaping on both sides of the road should be preserved. For the protection of large trees, use road cross section programs of preserving existing street trees or transplant program.

6.2.2 The Impact Analysis of Soil Erosion and Dust on the Surrounding Environment

The project main work is located within Anding District. The area is flat, filling and excavation is minor, with essentially no soil erosion. However, the construction process will bring with it piles of earth and stone, and sand and gravel materials such as cement, clay, and other building materials. Waste clay and scrap will have some impact on urban ecology. If the waste clay is not well piled up and protected, it will come across the rain wash and the road drainage pipeline may easily be plugged. This will impact the traffic and appearance of the city.

During construction, when earth and stone, aggregate, cement, and other building materials are transported, proper protective measures must be taken so excessive dust is not produced.

In urban areas, dust and slag leakage of transport vehicles will cause dust to the road, green belt, and houses on both sides of the streets, but also impact the urban health environment to some extent. In the suburbs, the leakage will adversely affect crop growth near the highway. Excessive dust deposit will appear on plant leaves, affecting the plants’ normal production. If this occurs in the flowering period, it will also affect fruit-setting and reduce production. The more recent it comes from the construction site, the greater the impact will be.

6.2.3 The Impact Analysis of Disposal Site on the Surrounding Environment

The project disposal earth is all used as hollow filling and land remediation. After land remediation it can be used on construction sites and urban green spaces to improve the land utilization. Therefore, the project disposal sites have no influence on the environment.

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6.2.4 The Impact Analysis of the Construction Period on the Urban Landscape

During the project construction, the impact on the surrounding landscape is mainly manifested in the following areas:

In the construction process, a variety of surface and underground lines and pipes in the civil engineering will inevitably be affected, such as water supply and drainage pipes, gas pipes, heat distribution pipeline, electricity cables, and other communications. Some pipes will need to be removed and relocated, damaging urban roads and affecting the urban landscape.

In the process of construction, the piling up of earth and stone, building materials, and especially the temporary piling up of waste clay and scrap will impact urban sanitation and the urban landscape.

In the process of construction, the random parking of some temporary buildings or machinery and equipment will also bring uncoordinated elements and the impact on the surrounding landscape.

During the construction of new roads, road widening, and other main work, a fence, enclosure cloth, or other isolation measure, is necessary to prevent damage to the urban landscape.

In the process of construction, the noise, dust, waste gas, construction waste, and drainage generated by construction machinery and temporary shed will cause pollution to the surrounding environment. Due to construction interference, the shops on both sides of the transformed road and daily activities of enterprises and institutions will be affected and may destroy the urban landscape.

6.2.5 Urban Ecological Landscape Protection Measures during the Construction

More attention should be paid to protect the ecological landscape environment along the route during construction; in particular, to the following:

The survival trees in the middle and lateral sections need to be transplanted and well-protected. Temporary transplanting according to the design is best. During construction, trees and other green vegetation in the adjacent area should be protected.

Road construction should be within the right of way as much as possible during construction without crossing over to the adjacent field for temporary storage and stockpile.

During construction, demolition, etc. it must be carried out in an orderly manner to avoid cluttered landscape along the road. Anti-board (wood, glass, metal, etc.) can also be uses as a barrier to reduce landscape pollution.

Arrange the earthwork to balance the excavation and backfill: temporary disposal sites should take protective measures to avoid cut and fill earthworks during rain to prevent soil erosion, water pollution, and drainage pipeline clogging caused by rain wash.

On the premise of meeting the construction requirements, to save the land occupying as

76 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi much as possible, a sound construction schedule must be implemented. This will include prompt post-construction clean-up at the project site after the project, evacuation of occupied sites, and restoration of the original roads and greening.

6.3 Ambient Air Impact Analysis and Prevention Measures during Construction

6.3.1 Air Pollution Sources during Construction

The presence of fuel-powered construction machinery and transport vehicles will inevitably lead to a corresponding increase in emissions.

Dust pollution will be caused by excavation, backfill, demolition, and sand and stone material handling in the process of road construction, with secondary dust caused by vehicular transporting.

Dust pollution will also be caused by excavation, backfill, demolition, and sand lime material handling in the process of trench construction, with secondary dust caused by vehicular transporting.

Material transport vehicles will produce a lot of dust on construction access roads and construction sites in the operating process.

6.3.2 Ambient Air Impact Analysis during Construction

Because construction sites are mainly near the Jiaotong Road, fuel-powered construction machinery and transport vehicles will discharge a certain amount of exhaust gas near the construction site. Although emissions amount in the area will increase, as long as the equipment and vehicles are maintained (ensure there are no emissions of incomplete combustion smoke), and state regulations on motor vehicles are strictly abided, then there will not be a significant impact on the surrounding environment and air.

During construction—particularly during the new project construction—because the ground vegetation is damaged, the landscape is bare, and there are dry soil forms and loose particles, strong winds and backfill earth will produce dust. Part of the dust is floating in the air; the other part will fall to the near ground and building surfaces with the wind. Dust pollution can be very dangerous during construction; the dust floating in the air is inhaled by construction workers and surrounding residents, not only causing a variety of respiratory diseases, but bringing with it pathogenic bacteria in the dust which brings about various diseases which seriously impact the health of construction workers and surrounding residents. In addition, the flying dust reduces visibility, easily leading to accidents, and affecting the landscape due to the dust falling on the buildings and vegetation.

The impact of the secondary dust caused by construction transport vehicles is longer-lasting, and its impact increases obviously due to road surface damage and the bare soil within construction site. When a vehicle speeds, vehicle weight remains unchanged; the flying dust emission depends entirely on the amount of dust on road surface. The greater the amount of dust, the more serious the secondary dust. According to the research entitled "ADB Loan

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Financed Project - Chengde Gas Project Report" by the Building Research Institute under the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry, when a vehicle transports earth, the dust concentration on both sides of the road is up to 8-10g/m3 in the short-term, declining rapidly with the increasing of dust-point distance. Related information states that dust points concentration at 200 m of the downwind is almost close to the concentration of the reference point at upwind.

6.3.3 Ambient Air Prevention Measures during Construction

To make the construction project impact on the surrounding environment to a minimum during construction, we recommend the following preventive measures:

¾ The floor in construction site must be hardened, if allowed, to take concrete floor. ¾ During excavation, drilling, and demolition, spray water to maintain a certain humidity to work: if the surface within the construction site is loose and dry, spray water regularly to control dust; when backfilling earth, spray water appropriately when the surface soil is dry to prevent dust. ¾ Strengthen the management of backfill earth dumping site, to take measures of earth surface compaction, regular water spraying, covering, and so on; the soil and disposal materials that are not needed should be promptly removed and not left to accumulate. ¾ Earthmoving trucks and building materials transporting vehicles should be required to configure the anti-spill equipment. Loads should not be too full to ensure that nothing is scattered in the transporting process, and the transportation route and time should be planned to avoid downtown traffic, congested areas, residential neighborhoods, and other sensitive areas. For the road sections in high environmental sensitive areas, the transport of earth shall be planned for night shift based on the actual situation to reduce the impact of dust on environment. ¾ Transporting vehicles should be covered by paulin. Before loading and unloading the loading site should be cleaned up to reduce sediment taken by the wheels, chassis, and so on, to spill on the road. ¾ Spilled soil on the road should be cleaned up in a timely manner during transport to reduce flying dust during operation. ¾ Construction waste materials are strictly prohibited to be used as fuel. ¾ A fenced demolition construction site is mandatory. ¾ When construction is complete, road surfaces and vegetation of construction occupied land should be restored in a timely manner. ¾ Demolition and road construction site should use color steel to enclosure.

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6.4 Noise Impact Analysis and Countermeasures during Construction

6.4.1 Construction Noise Impact on the Surrounding Environment

The actual site construction period of the project is during the road construction. On both sides of reconstructed Jiaotong Road and new built West Ring Road, there are rural residences and schools. Noise sensitive points are close to the construction sites, so the acoustic environment of close-by area will be impacted during construction.

Construction noise source

Often-used construction machinery in highway construction includes loaders, land scraper, excavators, bulldozers, vibratory road rollers, pavers, mixing machines, etc. The noise levels of commonly-used machinery are shown in Table 6-1.

Table 6-1: Major Construction Machinery Noise Average - A Sound Level in Construction-site Table (unit: dB[A])

Name of Machinery Noise Level Name of Machinery Noise Level Loader 98 Land Scraper 94 Excavator 96 Road Roller 92 Paver 92 Mixing Machine 96 Bulldozer 94

Prediction formula

r LL 2 Δ+−= L)lg20( 12 r 1

In which: r1, r2 - the distance from the sound source, m;

L1, L2 - the sound intensity level at r1, r2, dB (A); and

△ L – the impact value of buildings, trees etc., on noise, dB (A).

Prediction results and evaluation

As the range of construction varies considerably, the sound functional areas road construction is different. For different sound functional areas, the impact scope and extent is different; if the road construction is bordered by the construction site, it must be taken into account without accounting the shielding effects of buildings, trees, air and other body. The results are shown below in Table 6-2.

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Table 6-2: Environmental Noise Impact Prediction Results Table (Unit: dB[A])

Sound Noise Distance from the Sound Source (m) Source Intensity 10 20 40 60 80 100 200 300 500 Remark 78 72 66 62 60 58 52 48 44 1 Loader 90 68 62 56 52 50 48 42 38 34 2 76 69 63 59 57 55 49 45 41 1 Excavator 89 66 60 54 50 48 46 40 36 31 2 Mixing 76 70 64 60 58 56 50 46 42 1 89 Machine 66 60 54 50 48 46 40 36 32 2 74 68 62 58 56 54 48 44 40 1 Bulldozer 86 64 58 52 48 46 44 38 34 30 2 Land 74 68 62 58 56 54 48 44 40 1 90 Scraper 64 58 50 48 46 44 38 42 30 2 72 66 60 56 54 52 46 34 - 1 Paver 87 62 56 50 46 44 42 36 42 2

Road 72 66 60 56 54 52 46 42 - 1 86 Roller 62 56 50 46 44 42 36 32 2 Note: “1” indicates that the shielding effect of buildings, etc., is not accounted for. “2" indicate that the shielding effect of buildings, etc., is accounted for. Noise source intensity is measured at 5 m.

For different functional areas impacting range during construction, see Table 6-3.

Table 6-3: Different Functional Areas Impact Range during Construction

Daytime Nighttime Class Remark Limit dB(A) Impact Range m Limit dB(A) Impact Range m 150 500 1 Class I zone 55 45 50 150 2 80 250 1 Class II zone 60 50 30 80 2

As can be seen from Table 6.4-3, on the basis of unshielded and shielded to calculate, the maximum range of road construction is: Class I zone, daytime 100 m and 40 m, nighttime 300 m and 100 m; Class II zone, daytime 80 m and 30 m, nighttime 250 m and 80 m.

6.4.2 Noise Control Measures During Construction

According to the site survey, major environmental sensitive points affected by road construction are: Anjiazhuang, Bolin Village, and so on. The environmental sensitive points near road construction are 10 ~ 280 m from the construction site, including Anjiazhuang,

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Berlin Village in Class I Sound Zone and other sensitive points in the Class II Sound Zone.

In the above Class I zone, the road construction machinery noise range reaches 150 m during the day and over 500 m at night; in the above Class II zone, the road construction machinery noise range reaches 80 m during the day and over 250 m at night. To protect the normal production and life of the surrounding residents, construction should be prohibited from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. the next day in Class I and Class II Sound Zones. The contractors should contact the residents and the units of the above sensitive points in advance to arrange reasonable construction plan, avoiding the construction during resting time of residents. Daytime in the school's road section construction, heavy machinery construction time should not coincide with school hours as much as possible, or during holidays. If the time is limited, should set simple sound insulating screen at 2.5 m ~ 4.0 m high to control the noise level of within school below 60dB (A).

The time of project construction period impact on the sensitive points is uncertain. In order to effectively protect the sensitive point, when bidding, the construction units should list the sensitive points and the environmental protection measures referred by the report into the tender, clear environmental protection responsibilities and obligations of the construction unit during construction, to relieve as much as possible the impact on sensitive points.

6.5 Water Environment Impact Analysis and Prevention Measures during Construction

The wastewater during construction is mainly from a lot of sediment taken by runoff of storm water, construction wastewater, and domestic sewage of construction workers. Construction waste includes muddy water generated by excavation and drilling, cooling and washing water generated by machinery and equipment, and the direct discharge of untreated oily water generated by construction machinery operation or produced in machinery repairing process. If this sewage is directly discharged and collected into the water through the drainage channel, it will affect the receiving water body; if these sewages are direct discharged into drinking water sources, drinking water sources will be polluted. Water environment impact during operation is mainly surface runoff pollution to water.

6.5.1 The Environmental Impact Analysis of Construction Wastewater

Wastewater (oily water) is produced by construction machinery machine repair and oil runs, drips, leaks, etc. during construction, if control and management are not strengthened in the construction link. It is easily collected into the water during the rainy season, causing water pollution. During the road construction, if the stockpiling and transportation of earthwork and other construction materials, and emissions of sewage and waste residue (including garbage), are not well-managed and controlled, the pollutants may directly enter into water bodies. However, the likelihood of such effects is relatively small with strengthened management and control; usually, it does not cause water pollution and has little effect on the water. During new road construction and building removal, large amounts of sediment and dust are produced. Surface runoff during the rainy season is greater, sediment and dust

81 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi generated during construction will flow into near river and the receiving river waters along the construction road with runoff which will affect water quality. So care must be taken during construction road cleaning. The cleaning efficiency is very low for soil and dust particles; the total efficiency is 50%. The soil and dust particles not cleaned will flow into the sewer or a river, so it is easy to cause sewer blockage. Thus it is necessary to pay attention to cleaning up soil materials in normal times, to avoid blockage of sewers and watercourses.

6.5.2 Construction Camp Domestic Sewage Discharge Impact on Water Environment

Construction camp is set near the construction roads. Construction camp sewage emissions is in reference to water environment impact in “Highway construction project environmental impact assessment disciplines (for Trial Implementation)” (JTJ005-96), calculated by the following formula:

Qs = (KqlVl) / 1,000

In which: Qs - domestic sewage discharge amount, m3/d;

K - Domestic sewage discharge coefficient, value is 0.75;

q1 - domestic water quotas, to take 75L / (person • day); and

Vl - the number of construction people in the construction field, construction point has about 200 people.

Hypothetically, if the construction workers live together at each construction site, the construction camp domestic sewage emissions amount is 11.25 m3/d.

To prevent environmental pollution of the surrounding water, portable toilets must be set up at the construction camp. The septic tank privy cannot be set. Domestic sewage generated by construction camps is used for spraying road or construction sidewalk; after taking such measures, the domestic sewage generated by construction camps will not adversely impact on surrounding water environment.

6.5.3 Water Environmental Protection Measures during Construction

Road construction project from design to construction must achieve water conservation, water recycling, and reduced/eliminated wastewater.

Oil, asphalt and other construction materials shall not be stacked in construction site for the long-term. When a few need to be piled for the short-term, they should be place away from the water. Drainage should be chosen, when piling, to set fence, laying plastic cloth at the bottom, and cover paulin at the top to prevent rain water erosion into the water.

After construction, all waste should be cleaned and transported in a timely manner. Asphalt especially should not be dumped or stacked nearby, but collected and recycled in a timely manner.

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6.6 Ecological Environmental Impact Analysis and Protection Measures During Construction

6.6.1 Ecological Environmental Impact Analysis During Construction

This project is mainly road reconstruction, an integrated trench, and cross-river road and bridge construction. Construction occupies about xx hm2 of green belt along road and agricultural land, but engineering design green area is about xx hm2. Therefore, the destruction of project to vegetation is less during construction; mainly important is the construction disposal, construction waste, and transport vehicles’ impact on ecology.

If the project disposal is handled improperly, it will occupy arable land; making the per capita cultivated land decrease to different degrees. Because the population continues to increase and per capita consumption level continues to improve, this further exacerbates the pressure on the remaining farmland, leading to an intensified contradiction between people and land and worsening environmental problems.

Project main work is located in Anding District. The land is flat without high-fill and deep excavation, and there is essentially no soil erosion. However, earth and stone, aggregate, cement, clay, and other building materials during construction, and the temporary piling up of waste land and waste materials, will bring some impacts on urban ecology. If disposal soil piling is not well protected, when the rain washes out, it is easy to jam the drainage pipe and influence the road traffic and city landscape.

During construction, when vehicles transport earth and stone, aggregate, cement, and other building materials, if improper protective measures are taken, a lot of dust will be generated and thus not only produce dust on the pavement, green belt, and among residents on both sides the streets, but also, to a certain extent, influence urban sanitation.

6.6.2 Ecological Environmental Protection Measures During Construction

Protective environmental measures include:

¾ Reasonably arrange construction layout, elaborately organize construction management, and strictly control the construction area in the range of directly affected areas. During construction, try to protect the vegetation within the scope of the construction area, and don’t cut down and destroy trees outside the scope of land acquisition. Do not trample land or damage farmland, vegetable plots and orchard outside the scope of land acquisition. ¾ Implement “stratified excavation principle” during site construction. The original asphalt surface pavement should be stripped away, all asphalt surface pavement should be collected in a timely manner and sent to an asphalt pavement mixing station for recycling production as raw materials, implementing comprehensive utilization of resources. Temporary storage yards should be 500 m away from Guanchuan river bank to restore topography and vegetation after the construction, and vegetation used to protect soil to prevent

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or minimize soil erosion. ¾ Construction waste, abandoned earth, and the construction camp garbage generated during construction should be piled up in a designated place, cleaned in a time manner, and land not occupied at will. For sidewalk land acquisition, the necessary compensation must be made to land owners. ¾ The road construction shall be completed In accordance with landscaping and planning requirements. It is not only to beautify the environment but also prevent soil erosion. ¾ To prevent soil erosion, implement rubble revetment, retaining ridge, reinforcement, and other soil and water conservation projects in the larger elevation region. ¾ Mellow soil of the excavation can be used as road greening soil as far as possible. Choose an appropriate position for temporary pile up, covering plastic paulin to prevent soil erosion caused by rainfall, and maintaining soil nutrients at the same time. ¾ Avoid construction during rainy days, in order to reduce the construction loose earthwork amount and piling up soil amount, and avoid and reduce water erosion amount and soil amount flowing into the river. At the excavation site and the materials and slag piling up site, take temporary covering measures against erosion and dust. If necessary, water and clean residue on sunny days to effectively prevent dust impacts, and wash dust covering on vegetation around the construction site in a timely manner. ¾ After construction, the construction units should withdraw from the temporary occupied site in a timely manner, removing temporary facilities, clearing construction slash, and conducting artificial ecological restoration work to damaged vegetation in a timely manner.

Transport lines need dust prevention measures.

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VII. THE PREDETERMINATION AND EVALUATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING OPERATING PERIOD

7.1 The Predetermination and Evaluation of Environment Air Impact

7.1.1 Evaluation Scope, Evaluation Standard, and Evaluation Factor

According to JTJ005-96 “Code for Environmental Impact Evaluation of Highway

Construction Project,“ the forecasting evaluation is for CO and NO2. Evaluation scope and evaluation criteria are shown in Table 7-1 and Table 7-2.

Table 7-1: Evaluation Scope of Environment Air

Evaluation Project Evaluation Scope Evaluation Standard In GB3095-1996 (Revision) “Standard for 200 m along both sides Atmospheric Environment Environment Air Quality,” limit value of Level II of the highway standard

Table 7-2: Quality Standard of Environment Air (Level II Standard) (Unit: mg/m3)

Name of Pollutant Daily Average Value Average Value for One Hour Carbon monoxide (CO) 4.00 10.00

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 0.12 0.24

7.1.2 Analysis for Meteorology Characteristics of Pollution

According to timing observation data for the ground wind field of Bureau of Meteorology observation station of Dingxi, meteorological elements during 12 months are satisfied for the location of the development zone. The changes of monthly temperature and wind speed in evaluation area are shown in Table 7-3 and Chart 7-1 and Chart 7-2.

Table 7-3: Statistics Result of Monthly Average Temperature and Wind Speed

Month Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Degree (°C) -8.60 -6.85 5.70 10.35 15.66 18.57 20.28 18.07 14.21 9.27 1.90 -3.92 Wind speed (m/s) 1.67 1.72 1.89 2.21 2.25 2.11 2.31 1.89 1.82 1.74 1.50 1.51

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Chart 7-1: Monthly Changes of Average Temperature

Monthly Changes of Annual Average Temperature Degree () 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 -5.00 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. -10.00 -15.00

Chart 7-2: Monthly Changes of Average Wind Speed

Monthly Changes of Annual Average Wind Speed

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

Wind speed (m/s) 0.50

0.00 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

The diurnal changes of wind speed for each season are shown in Table 7-4 and Chart 7-3.

Table 7-4: Diurnal Changes Statistics of Wind Speed of Each Season

Hours (h) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Season Spring 1.67 1.72 1.67 1.66 1.50 1.61 1.67 1.78 1.84 2.12 2.52 2.67 Summer 1.56 1.61 1.63 1.64 1.70 1.65 1.67 1.81 1.79 1.92 2.16 2.37 Fall 1.52 1.49 1.37 1.36 1.35 1.35 1.40 1.37 1.41 1.64 1.83 2.01 Winter 1.40 1.48 1.57 1.72 1.37 1.32 1.36 1.38 1.46 1.55 1.53 2.01 Hours (h) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Season Spring 2.75 2.66 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.79 2.79 2.42 1.80 1.77 1.71 1.76 Summer 2.75 2.74 2.67 2.72 2.95 2.83 2.78 2.47 1.99 1.80 1.68 1.63 Fall 1.97 2.11 2.17 2.28 2.25 1.96 1.84 1.57 1.59 1.57 1.50 1.58 Winter 1.89 2.11 2.03 2.04 2.10 1.78 1.62 1.50 1.50 1.53 1.54 1.46

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Chart 7-3: Statistics for Daily Changes of Wind Speed of Each Season

Daily Changes for Hours Average Wind Speed of Each Season 3.50 Spring 3.00

2.50 Summer

2.00 Fall 1.50 Winter 1.00

Wind speed (m/s) 0.50 0.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Statistic results for average wind frequency of each wind direction in the year and each season are shown in Table 7-5. Rose diagrams of wind frequency, wind speed, and pollution coefficient are shown in Chart 7-4, Chart 7-5, and Chart 7-6.

It can be seen from tables and chart that the predominant wind direction is SE wind in winter of the evaluation area, secondary predominant wind direction is NNW wind, and frequencies are 16.99% and 13.97%. In spring, the predominant wind direction is SE wind, secondary predominant wind direction is SSE wind, and frequencies are 19.79% and 14.81%. In summer, predominant wind direction is SE wind, secondary predominant wind direction is SSE wind, and frequencies are 23.14% and 19.29%. In fall, predominant wind direction is SE wind, secondary predominant wind direction is SSE wind, and frequencies are 21.57% and 13.28%. Yearly predominant wind direction is SE wind, secondary predominant wind direction is SSE wind, and frequencies are 20.38% and 14.41%.The frequency for calm wind of each season: winter takes 0.96%, spring takes 1.40%, summer takes 1.45%, fall takes 1.37%, and total year takes 1.30%.

Based on pollution coefficient, the factory locating in NW and SE are easily in the contaminated area.

Seasonal average wind velocities are: winter 1.64 m/s; spring 2.12 m/s; summer 2.10 m/s; fall 1.69 m/s; and yearly 1.89 m/s. The wind speed in SE, NW, and NE is fast in each season.

The frequency for atmospheric stability of each month and season is shown in Table 7-6. It can be seen from the table that the stability (E+F) and instability (A+B+C) proportion for spring atmospheric stability is in the approach. The stability (E+F) and instability (A+B+C) proportion for summer atmospheric stability is in the approach. It is mainly based on stability in fall (E+F). It is mainly based on stability in winter (E+F).

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Table 7-5: Statistics Results for Monthly and Quarterly Wind Frequency of Each Wind Direction

Wind Direction N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Season January 3.36 2.15 2.02 2.69 3.23 4.30 14.52 10.35 5.91 4.17 2.42 1.88 2.15 4.57 14.38 21.24 February 2.44 4.17 3.74 1.87 1.15 5.17 14.66 13.07 9.20 10.78 3.45 1.72 2.87 3.59 10.63 10.34 March 3.76 3.09 4.17 2.28 2.96 9.01 18.82 14.92 4.97 4.97 2.15 1.21 2.02 4.97 6.99 11.96 April 7.08 5.56 4.17 2.78 4.03 7.22 20.83 15.14 6.39 1.94 1.53 0.83 2.08 2.50 4.72 12.64 May 3.63 4.70 3.23 4.70 3.63 6.59 19.76 14.38 7.80 3.36 1.61 1.34 2.42 3.49 6.72 10.75 June 4.03 4.58 2.22 2.08 3.19 9.58 21.94 17.22 8.61 3.33 0.97 0.97 2.08 3.61 4.44 9.86 July 2.28 3.49 1.61 2.28 3.09 6.45 25.54 23.66 9.54 3.36 2.02 1.21 0.67 2.55 2.42 8.33 August 4.30 2.28 3.09 3.49 4.03 5.24 21.91 16.94 7.66 4.84 1.08 1.48 3.09 3.76 6.72 8.47 eptember 4.17 2.92 1.53 2.50 3.89 5.69 21.67 16.11 9.03 3.89 1.25 0.69 1.67 3.19 9.86 10.42 October 3.76 1.21 3.63 3.49 4.30 6.45 25.00 15.46 7.80 4.03 2.15 1.34 2.02 3.49 5.78 8.74 ovember 4.31 4.86 3.89 3.47 5.28 4.44 17.92 8.19 7.78 3.61 2.36 1.25 1.94 4.03 11.81 13.61 ecember 5.38 3.76 4.44 2.55 5.24 9.27 21.64 7.39 4.44 3.90 2.69 1.48 1.48 5.11 10.08 10.08 Spring 4.80 4.44 3.85 3.26 3.53 7.61 19.79 14.81 6.39 3.44 1.77 1.13 2.17 3.67 6.16 11.78 Summer 3.53 3.44 2.31 2.63 3.44 7.07 23.14 19.29 8.61 3.85 1.36 1.22 1.95 3.31 4.53 8.88 Fall 4.08 2.98 3.02 3.16 4.49 5.54 21.57 13.28 8.20 3.85 1.92 1.10 1.88 3.57 9.11 10.90 Winter 3.75 3.34 3.39 2.38 3.25 6.27 16.99 10.21 6.46 6.18 2.84 1.69 2.15 4.44 11.72 13.97 Year 4.04 3.55 3.14 2.86 3.68 6.63 20.38 14.41 7.41 4.33 1.97 1.29 2.04 3.75 7.87 11.37

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Chart 7-4: Rose Diagram of Wind Frequency in Project Area

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Chart 7-5: Wind Speed Rose Diagram of Project Area

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Chart 7-6: Rose Diagram of Pollution Coefficient in Project Area

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Table 7-6: Frequency Statistics of Atmospheric Stability (Unit: %) Month A B B-C C C-D D D-E E F January 0 14.65 0 8.47 0 7.93 0 14.52 54.44 February 0 19.54 1.15 8.91 0 5.6 0 13.22 51.58 March 0 21.64 4.57 8.2 0.67 6.72 0 11.96 46.24 April 0 21.25 9.03 9.86 0.28 8.19 0 14.58 36.81 May 2.28 26.75 6.45 7.66 1.34 8.33 0 14.52 32.66 June 5 28.19 2.78 9.31 0.69 8.19 0 14.58 31.25 July 4.3 24.19 6.99 9.95 0.27 7.53 0 14.38 32.39 August 0.94 29.57 4.97 6.18 0.27 6.72 0 13.04 38.31 September 0 25.56 3.47 5.56 0.42 7.78 0 15.56 41.67 October 0 20.97 2.69 8.06 0 6.85 0 12.1 49.33 November 0 19.72 0 5.69 0 6.39 0 13.06 55.14 December 0 18.28 0 5.51 0 2.42 0 13.84 59.95 Year 1.05 22.53 3.52 7.78 0.33 6.89 0 13.78 44.14 Spring 0.77 23.23 6.66 8.56 0.77 7.74 0 13.68 38.59 Summer 3.4 27.31 4.94 8.47 0.41 7.47 0 13.99 34.01 Fall 0 22.07 2.06 6.46 0.14 7.01 0 13.55 48.72 Winter 0 17.45 0.37 7.6 0 5.31 0 13.87 55.4

7.1.3 Concentration Predetermination for Ambient Air Impact during Operating Period

7.1.3.1 Calculation for air pollution source intensity

The discharge pollutant process of tail gas of motor vehicle is very complex, and is related to many factors. It is very difficult and complex to determine the discharge coefficient of tail gas of motor vehicle. According to the “Feasibility Study Report for Traffic Project of Dingxi Urban in Gansu“ drafted by Design and Research Head Institute of Shanghai Municipal Engineering, on the basis of JTJ005-96 “Code for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway Construction Project” and “Classification Statistics Data of Motor Vehicle in Dingxi Urban“ provided by City Traffic Police Detachment Dingxi, traffic volume is converted into 11 kinds of models: such as small diesel car, small gasoline car, small gas car, medium diesel car, medium gasoline car, medium gas car, heavy diesel car, heavy gasoline car, heavy gas car, motorcycles, and agricultural vehicles.

This evaluation is in accordance with the State Ministry of Environmental Protection (formerly the State General Bureau of Environmental Protection) and recommended in the cycling of pollutants emission intensity. Considering the current situation of domestic current motor vehicle and the development trend in the future, recent period (2013) pollutants emission intensity of single vehicle is calculated based on Table 7-7, the mid-period (2015, 2020) pollutants emission intensity of single vehicle is calculated based on Table 7-8, the

92 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi future period (2025) pollutants emission intensity of single vehicle is calculated based on Table 7-9. Pollutant source intensity of the time of project and no project is calculated with emission intensity in each section and each time interval. Intensity of pollutant emission sources of the project in peak hours can be seen Table 7-10, intensity for pollutant emission sources of no project in peak hours is shown in Table 7-11, emission sources intensity of the daily average pollutant of the time of having project is shown in Table 7-12.

According to existing technical condition of the domestic motor vehicle, through the investigation of the hundred kilometer average oil consumption index of small diesel car, small gasoline car, small gas car, medium diesel car, medium gasoline car, medium gas car, heavy diesel car, heavy gasoline car, heavy gas car, motorcycles, agricultural vehicles and other eleven kinds of models (conversion to gasoline), utilizing the “Classification Statistics Data of Motor Vehicle in Dingxi Urban” provided by traffic police detachment of Dingxi city, emissions index for carbon dioxide of recent Dingxi Urban motor vehicle is calculated by the weighting statistics: 205 g/km. With the continuous development of industrial technology, carbon dioxide emission index will be gradually reduced, while emissions standards for carbon dioxide of European vehicles separately figure up carbon dioxide emissions index of domestic motor vehicle in 2015, 2020, and 2025: 178 g/km, 150 g/km, and 130 g/km. Carbon dioxide emissions for motor vehicle of the scope of this project are shown in Table 7-13.

Through the comparative analysis on 7-10 and 7-13, it can be seen through the implementation of the project, can alleviate the traffic pressure and reduce the primary pollutant emissions of the road.

In the general, after the completion of the project, because of increased speed in the centre area of the city and improved traffic flows, project of the vehicle pollutant emission will be reduced accordingly than the no project. For the regional environmental air quality, the construction of this project is helpful to improve the air quality in Dingxi city.

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-7: New Car Emissions in Accordance with Integrated Emission Factors of Used Vehicles of Previous Emission Stand GB No. 1 Motor Vehicle Ag Light Car Medium Car Heavy Car Motorcycle al Gasoline Car Gas Car Bus Gas Car Bus Gas Car

r cylinder - NG NG NG NG Car Car LPG LPG LPG Portable cro-ca Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel car Diesel car Diesel car Diesel car Diesel car Two-stroke Two-stroke Taxicab Taxicab Four-stroke Four-stroke Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline car Gasoline car Gasoline car Other car car Other Mi Single 0.5 20.1 19.6 34 1.5 20.1 N/A 53 2 53 2 53 9.1 106 5 106 5 100 20 17 14 9.6 1. 1 1.1 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.1 N/A 4 6 4 6 6 5.5 10 21 10 21 21 21 0.1 0.3 0.1 1. /A N/A N/A N/A 0.3 N/A N/A N/A 0.6 N/A 0.6 N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.2 .5 1.7 2.7 4.8 0.4 1.7 N/A 6.5 1.5 6.5 1.5 6.5 2 13 3 13 3 13 4 5 2 6.5 1.

Table 7-8: New Car Emission Integrated Emission Factors of Used Vehicles per GB No. 1 Emission Standards Motor Vehicle Agric Light Car Medium Car Heavy Car Motorcycle Ve Gasoline Car Gas Car Bus Gas Car Bus Gas Car NG NG NG NG Car LPG LPG LPG Portable Diesel Diesel Diesel car Diesel car Diesel car Diesel car Diesel car Taxicab Two-stroke Two-stroke Four-stroke Four-stroke Gasoline Gasoline Other car Other Micro-car Micro-car Gasoline car Gasoline car Single-cylinder Single-cylinder 1.4 2.1 2.4 2.5 0.9 2.1 1.8 53 1.8 53 1.8 50 8 106 4.4 106 4.4 100 20 5.2 4 2.7 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 1.1 0.5 0.6 3.5 6 3.5 6 5 5 8.8 21 8.8 21 21 21 0.05 0.10 0.05 1.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.2 N/A N/A N/A 0.6 N/A 0.6 N/A N/A N/A 1 N/A 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 6.5 1.4 6.5 1.4 6 2 13 2.7 13 2.7 13 4 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.7

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Table 7-9: New Car Emission Integrated Emission Factors of Used Vehicles per GB No. 2 Emission Standards

Motor Vehicle Agri Light Car Medium Car Heavy Car Motorcycle Ve Gasoline Car Gas Car Bus Gas Car Bus Gas Car

LPG NG LPG NG Car Portable Diesel car Diesel car Diesel car Diesel car Diesel car Diesel Diesel Two-stroke Two-stroke Taxicab Taxicab Taxicab Four-stroke Four-stroke Gasoline car Gasoline car Gasoline car Gasoline Gasoline Other car Other Other car Other Single-cylinder Single-cylinder Micro-car Micro-car 0.9 1.5 1.7 2.0 0.6 1.2 1 2.2 1.7 2.2 1.7 45 7 9.5 4.0 9.5 4.0 90 15 3.6 2.8 2.2 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.3 3.1 0.3 3.1 4 4 1.3 7.7 1.3 7.7 18 18 0.05 0.08 0.05 1.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.07 N/A N/A N/A 0.13 N/A 0.13 N/A N/A N/A 0.4 N/A 0.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.3 1.3 5 1.5 1.2 2.5 1.2 2.5 13 4 1.3 .6 1.6 1.7 ehensive emission factor of being used of automotive vehicle” is the implementation of the State Environmental Pr tration, which issued an “air pollution measurement method of city automotive vehicle emission“ (HJ/T1802005), important par mation pollution volume of automotive vehicle. The vehicle emission factors published are integrated emission factors and are o oratory setting; tested and adjusted through a large number of research data, actual road condition for the typical cities in China onsiderations of poor conditions of vehicles used in these cities. sult of the rapid development of auto manufacturing technology and city road construction, comprehensive emissions factor automotive vehicle will be updated irregularly. The published emission factors are the first edition. ssions factor of automotive vehicle refer to some pollutants weight emitted from the single vehicle within the unit mileage (unit i e divided into three stages for emission factor of being used of automotive vehicle: Guo I, Guo II, and Guo III.

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Table 7-10: Pollutant Source Intensity of Having Project in Each Road Peak Hour (mg/m·s)

Yearly 2016 2020 2025 2030 Predetermination Pollutant CO NO CO NO CO NO CO NO Road 2 2 2 2 Xihuan Road 13.64 1.47 5.20 1.14 6.62 1.45 2.68 0.66 Jiaotong Road 11.20 1.20 4.23 0.93 5.11 1.12 2.12 0.52 Third period of 10.10 1.09 3.75 0.82 4.40 0.96 1.83 0.45 Xincheng Avenue Beiannan Road 6.24 0.68 2.31 0.51 2.80 0.61 1.16 0.28 Beianzhong Road 6.41 0.70 2.37 0.52 2.87 0.63 1.19 0.29 Beianbei Road 6.08 0.66 2.25 0.49 2.72 0.60 1.12 0.27 Dingxibei Road 6.92 0.75 2.56 0.56 3.10 0.68 1.28 0.31

Table 7-11: Pollutant Source Intensity of No Project in Each Road Peak Hour (mg/m·s)

Year 2016 2020 2025 2030

Pollutant CO NO2 CO NO2 CO NO2 CO NO2 Xihuan Road — — — — — — — — Jiaotong Road 12.77 1.08 3.74 0.78 4.37 0.91 1.69 0.42 Third period of — — — — — — — — Xincheng Avenue Beiannan Road — — — — — — — — Beianzhong Road Beianbei Road — — — — — — — — Dingxibei Road — — — — — — — —

Table 7-12: Pollutant Source Intensity for Daily Average of Having Project in Each Road (mg/m·s) Yearly 2016 2020 2025 2030 Predetermination Pollutant CO NO CO NO CO NO CO NO Road 2 2 2 2 Xihuan Road 7.16 0.77 2.73 0.60 3.48 0.76 1.41 0.35 Jiaotong Road 9.03 0.98 3.33 0.73 4.05 0.89 1.62 0.40 Third period of 7.32 0.79 2.69 0.59 3.23 0.71 1.31 0.33 Xincheng Avenue Beiannan Road 3.28 0.35 1.21 0.26 1.47 0.32 0.60 0.14 Beianzhong Road 3.36 0.36 1.24 0.27 1.51 0.33 0.62 0.15 Beianbei Road 3.19 0.34 1.18 0.25 1.43 0.32 0.59 0.14 Dingxibei Road 3.63 0.39 1.34 0.29 1.63 0.36 0.67 0.16

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Table 7-13: Emissions for Carbon Dioxide of Motor Vehicle of Project Scope (Unit: t)

Yearly 2016 2020 2025 2030 Predetermination Hourly Emissions 6.768 6.561 6.489 6.255 Yearly emissions 5930109 5747859 5682587 5477634

7.1.3.2 Predetermination for pollutant concentration during operating period

In order to understand influence of environment air quality after completing the road the of automobile exhaust on both sides of the road, under the conditions of B, D, E three stability respectively, and taking the wind velocity 0.5 m/s as adverse diffusion conditions, under the situation of 90 degree angles between the wind direction and road, hour concentration and peak hour maximum concentration of predetermination pollutant changes with distance. And also predicted the daily average concentration pollutant with the distance changes under typical meteorological conditions.

Predetermination model

Adopting the line sources diffusion model of JTGB005-96 “code for environmental impact assessment of highway construction project” is calculated.

When angle between the wind direction and the line source is 0 < 0 <90°, the ground concentration diffusion model as follows:

⎡ 2 ⎤ 2 2 Q B ⎛ ⎞ ⎧ ⎡ ⎛ ⎞ ⎤ ⎡ ⎛ ⎞ ⎤⎫ j 1 1 ⎜ y ⎟ ⎪ 1 − hz 1 + hz ⎪ CPR = exp⎢− ⎥ ⎨exp⎢−× ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ exp⎢−+ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥⎬dl 2 U ∫A ⋅σσπ ⎢ 2 ⎜ σ ⎟ ⎥ 2 ⎜ σ ⎟ 2 ⎜ σ ⎟ zy ⎣ ⎝ y ⎠ ⎦ ⎩⎪ ⎣⎢ ⎝ z ⎠ ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ ⎝ z ⎠ ⎦⎥⎭⎪

In mathematical formula:

CPR──Pollutants concentration of the predication point R generated from the line source AB segment (mg/m3); U──Average wind speed of effective emission source at high elevation in predetermination segment (m/s); Qj──Intensity of Gaseous J pollutant emission source (mg/one car·m); σy, σz ──Horizontal wind and vertical diffusion parameter (m), σy=σy(x), σz=σz(x); x──Downwind distance between tiny element midpoint of line source and forecast point (m); y──Horizontal wind distance between tiny element midpoint and forecast point (m); Z──Height of forecast point to the ground (m); h──Height of effective emission source (m); and A, B──Starting point and terminal point of the line source.

97 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

When the wind direction and the line source are vertical (θ=90°), the ground concentration diffusion model as follow:

When the wind direction and the line source are horizontal (θ=0°), the ground concentration diffusion model as follow:

Determination of each model parameter

Average wind speed U

Referencing wind speed of meteorological data in U0, whenU0＜2m/s, take the high speed air drag effect of vehicle into account, correction should be revised as follows:

2164.0 = AUU 0 cos θ

In mathematical formula:

A---- the coefficient related with vehicle speed, vehicle speed is 80-100 km/h; A=1.85; and θ---- angle between wind vector and line source (°). When calculate the result U

atmospheric stability class Atmospheric stability classification determined the implement of the appendix B of “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment-Atmospheric Environment“ (HJ / T2.2) and improved one level.

vertical diffusion parameter σz:

2/1 ( 2 += σσσ 2 ) ⎪⎫ z za z0 ⎬ b σ za = a( .0 001x) ⎭⎪

In mathematical formula:

σza---The normal vertical diffusion parameter, m;

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a,b---- Regression coefficient and index in separate (the value is shown in Table 7-14), m;

σz0----Initial vertical diffusion parameter (the value is shown in Table 7-15), m; X---- downwind distance between line source tiny element and forecast point, m. Table 7-14: Regression Coefficient and Index Value

Atmospheric Stability Class α b Instability (A.B.C) 110.62 0.93198 Neutral (D) 86.49 0.92332 Stability (E.F) 61.14 0.91465

Table 7-15: Initial Vertical Diffusion Parameters

Wind Speed U(m/s) ＜1 1≤U≤3 ＞3

σzo(m) 5 5-3.5((u-1)/2) 1.5

The horizontal diffusion parameterσy can be calculated using the following formula:

In mathematical formula:

σya――the conventional horizontal direction diffusion parameter, m; σy0――The initial level of diffusion parameters, m, the value is shown in Table 7-16; θp――horizontal diffusion half angle (°) of smoke plume; x ――downwind distance between line source tiny element and forecast point, m; and c, d――regression coefficient, the value taking is shown in Table 7-17.

Table 7-16: σyo Value

Wind Speed (m/s)

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Table 7-17: Regression Coefficients

Atmospheric Stability Class c d Instability (A.B.C) 18.333 1.8096 Neutral (D) 14.333 1.7706 Stability (E.F) 12.500 1.0857

predetermination results

i. Predetermination for peak hour concentration of NO2, CO changes with distance.

Under adverse conditions such as calm winds, changes of NO2 pollution concentration with distance are shown in Table 7-18 and changes of CO pollution concentration with distance are shown in Table 7-19.

It can be seen from Table 7-18 and Table 7-19, the time of the calm and tiny wind of having project in adverse meteorological conditions:

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Table 7-18: NO2 Concentration Changes with Distance in the Time of Having Project in Adverse Diffusion Conditions (Unit = 0.5m/s)

Distance from Angle Stability Center Line 200 m 150 m 100 m 60 m 40 m 30 m 20 m Road Section B 0.0072 0.0098 0.0150 0.0254 0.0383 0.0512 0.0769 90 D 0.0361 0.0485 0.0732 0.1224 0.1835 0.2039 0.2418 E 0.0636 0.0853 0.1285 0.2140 0.3190 0.4209 0.5121 B 0.0056 0.0076 0.0116 0.0197 0.0279 0.0397 0.0569 90 D 0.0280 0.0376 0.0567 0.0949 0.1423 0.1891 0.2306 E Xihuan Road 0.0494 0.0662 0.0996 0.1660 0.2474 0.3264 0.4747 B Width 40 m 0.0071 0.0097 0.0148 0.0250 0.0378 0.0505 0.0758 90 D 0.0356 0.0478 0.0722 0.1207 0.1810 0.2406 0.3569 E 0.0628 0.0842 0.1267 0.2111 0.3147 0.4152 0.6038 B 0.0030 0.0041 0.0065 0.0111 0.0169 0.0227 0.0343 90 D 0.0156 0.0212 0.0324 0.0545 0.0820 0.1091 0.1621 E 0.0277 0.0376 0.0571 0.0955 0.1427 0.1885 0.2343 B 0.0054 0.0075 0.0118 0.0203 0.0308 0.0413 0.0623 90 D 0.0284 0.0386 0.0589 0.0991 0.1490 0.1784 0.2347 E 0.0505 0.0683 0.1037 0.1737 0.2595 0.3427 0.4988 B 0.0042 0.0058 0.0091 0.0157 0.0239 0.0320 0.0483 Jiaotong Road 90 D 0.0220 0.0299 0.0456 0.0768 0.1155 0.1537 0.2284 Width 36 m E 0.0391 0.0530 0.0804 0.1346 0.2011 0.2656 0.3865 B 0.0051 0.0070 0.0110 0.0189 0.0288 0.0386 0.0582 90 D 0.0265 0.0360 0.0549 0.0925 0.1391 0.1851 0.2350 E 0.0471 0.0638 0.0968 0.1621 0.2422 0.3198 0.4655

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Distance from Angle Stability Center Line 200 m 150 m 100 m 60 m 40 m 30 m 20 m Road Section B 0.0023 0.0033 0.0051 0.0088 0.0134 0.0179 0.0270 90 D 0.0123 0.0167 0.0255 0.0430 0.0646 0.0860 0.1277 E 0.0219 0.0296 0.0449 0.0753 0.1124 0.1485 0.2161 90 B 0.0049 0.0069 0.0107 0.0184 0.0280 0.0376 0.0566 D 0.0258 0.0350 0.0535 0.0900 0.1354 0.1802 0.2277 E 0.0458 0.0621 0.0942 0.1578 0.2357 0.3113 0.4530 90 B 0.0037 0.0052 0.0081 0.0138 0.0211 0.0283 0.0462 D 0.0194 0.0264 0.0402 0.0677 0.1018 0.1355 0.2014 E Third period of Xincheng 0.0345 0.0467 0.0709 0.1187 0.1773 0.2342 0.3408 Avenue 90 B Width 40 m 0.0043 0.0060 0.0094 0.0162 0.0247 0.0331 0.0499 D 0.0227 0.0309 0.0471 0.0793 0.1192 0.1587 0.2357 E 0.0404 0.0547 0.0830 0.1390 0.2076 0.2741 0.3990 90 B 0.0020 0.0028 0.0044 0.0076 0.0116 0.0155 0.0234 D 0.0106 0.0145 0.0221 0.0372 0.0559 0.0744 0.1105 E 0.0189 0.0256 0.0389 0.0651 0.0973 0.1285 0.1870 B 0.0034 0.0047 0.0074 0.0127 0.0193 0.0258 0.0390 90 D 0.0177 0.0241 0.0368 0.0620 0.0931 0.1240 0.1842 E 0.0315 0.0427 0.0648 0.1086 0.1622 0.2142 0.2317 B Beiannan Road 0.0025 0.0035 0.0055 0.0095 0.0144 0.0193 0.0291 90 D Width 18 m 0.0132 0.0180 0.0275 0.0463 0.0695 0.0926 0.1375 E 0.0235 0.0319 0.0484 0.0811 0.1211 0.1599 0.2328 B 0.0031 0.0043 0.0067 0.0115 0.0175 0.0234 0.0353 90 D 0.0161 0.0219 0.0334 0.0562 0.0844 0.1124 0.1670

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Distance from Angle Stability Center Line 200 m 150 m 100 m 60 m 40 m 30 m 20 m Road Section E 0.0286 0.0387 0.0588 0.0984 0.1470 0.1942 0.2326 B 0.0014 0.0019 0.0030 0.0052 0.0080 0.0107 0.0161 90 D 0.0073 0.0100 0.0152 0.0256 0.0385 0.0512 0.0761 E 0.0130 0.0177 0.0268 0.0449 0.0670 0.0885 0.1288 B 0.0034 0.0047 0.0074 0.0127 0.0193 0.0258 0.0390 90 D 0.0177 0.0241 0.0368 0.0620 0.0931 0.1240 0.1842 E 0.0315 0.0427 0.0648 0.1086 0.1622 0.2142 0.2317 B 0.0025 0.0035 0.0055 0.0095 0.0144 0.0193 0.0291 90 D 0.0132 0.0180 0.0275 0.0463 0.0695 0.0926 0.1375 E Beianzhong Road 0.0235 0.0319 0.0484 0.0811 0.1211 0.1599 0.2328 B Width 18 m 0.0031 0.0043 0.0067 0.0115 0.0175 0.0234 0.0353 90 D 0.0161 0.0219 0.0334 0.0562 0.0844 0.1124 0.1670 E 0.0286 0.0387 0.0588 0.0984 0.1470 0.1942 0.2326 B 0.0014 0.0019 0.0030 0.0052 0.0080 0.0107 0.0161 90 D 0.0073 0.0100 0.0152 0.0256 0.0385 0.0512 0.0761 E 0.0130 0.0177 0.0268 0.0449 0.0670 0.0885 0.1288 B 0.0034 0.0047 0.0074 0.0127 0.0193 0.0258 0.0390 90 D 0.0177 0.0241 0.0368 0.0620 0.0931 0.1240 0.1842 E 0.0315 0.0427 0.0648 0.1086 0.1622 0.2142 0.2317 Beianbei Road B 0.0025 0.0035 0.0055 0.0095 0.0144 0.0193 0.0291 Width 18 m 90 D 0.0132 0.0180 0.0275 0.0463 0.0695 0.0926 0.1375 E 0.0235 0.0319 0.0484 0.0811 0.1211 0.1599 0.2328 90 B 0.0031 0.0043 0.0067 0.0115 0.0175 0.0234 0.0353

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Distance from Angle Stability Center Line 200 m 150 m 100 m 60 m 40 m 30 m 20 m Road Section D 0.0161 0.0219 0.0334 0.0562 0.0844 0.1124 0.1670 E 0.0286 0.0387 0.0588 0.0984 0.1470 0.1942 0.2326 B 0.0014 0.0019 0.0030 0.0052 0.0080 0.0107 0.0161 90 D 0.0073 0.0100 0.0152 0.0256 0.0385 0.0512 0.0761 E 0.0130 0.0177 0.0268 0.0449 0.0670 0.0885 0.1288 B 0.0034 0.0047 0.0074 0.0127 0.0193 0.0258 0.0390 90 D 0.0177 0.0241 0.0368 0.0620 0.0931 0.1240 0.1842 E 0.0315 0.0427 0.0648 0.1086 0.1622 0.2142 0.2317 B 0.0025 0.0035 0.0055 0.0095 0.0144 0.0193 0.0291 90 D 0.0132 0.0180 0.0275 0.0463 0.0695 0.0926 0.1375 E Dingxibei Road 0.0235 0.0319 0.0484 0.0811 0.1211 0.1599 0.2328 B Width 18m 0.0031 0.0043 0.0067 0.0115 0.0175 0.0234 0.0353 90 D 0.0161 0.0219 0.0334 0.0562 0.0844 0.1124 0.1670 E 0.0286 0.0387 0.0588 0.0984 0.1470 0.1942 0.2326 B 0.0014 0.0019 0.0030 0.0052 0.0080 0.0107 0.0161 90 D 0.0073 0.0100 0.0152 0.0256 0.0385 0.0512 0.0761 E 0.0130 0.0177 0.0268 0.0449 0.0670 0.0885 0.1288

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Table 7-19: CO Concentration Changes with Distance in the Time of Having Projects in Adverse Diffusion Conditions (Unit = 0.5 m/s)

Distance from r Angle Stability Center Line 200 m 150 m 100 m 60 m 40 m 30 m 20 m Road Section B 0.067 0.0911 0.1392 0.2353 0.3551 0.4748 0.7133 6 90 D 0.3347 0.4497 0.6789 1.1356 1.7024 2.2628 3.3575 4 E 0.5906 0.7916 1.1921 1.986 2.96 3.9055 5.6795 B 0.0256 0.0347 0.0531 0.0897 0.1354 0.181 0.2719 0 90 D 0.1276 0.1714 0.2588 0.4329 0.649 0.8627 1.28 E Xihuan Road 0.2252 0.3018 0.4545 0.7571 1.1284 1.4889 2.1652 B Width 40 m 0.0325 0.0442 0.0676 0.1142 0.1724 0.2304 0.3462 5 90 D 0.1625 0.2182 0.3295 0.5512 0.8262 1.0982 1.6295 E 0.2866 0.3842 0.5786 0.9639 1.4366 1.8955 2.7565 B 0.0132 0.0179 0.0274 0.0462 0.0698 0.0933 0.1401 0 90 D 0.0658 0.0884 0.1334 0.2231 0.3345 0.4446 0.6597 E 0.116 0.1555 0.2342 0.3902 0.5816 0.7674 1.1159 B 0.0550 0.0748 0.1143 0.1932 0.2916 0.3899 0.5857 6 90 D 0.2749 0.3692 0.5575 0.9325 1.3978 1.8581 2.7569 E 0.4849 0.65 0.9788 1.6307 2.4305 3.2069 4.6636 B 0.0208 0.0283 0.0432 0.073 0.1101 0.1472 0.2212 Jiaotong Road 0 90 D 0.1038 0.1395 0.2105 0.3522 0.5279 0.7017 1.0412 Width 36 m E 0.1832 0.2455 0.3697 0.6159 0.9179 1.2112 1.7613 B 0.0251 0.0341 0.0522 0.0881 0.133 0.1779 0.2672 5 90 D 0.1254 0.1685 0.2543 0.4254 0.6378 0.8477 1.2578 E 0.2213 0.2966 0.4466 0.744 1.1089 1.4631 2.1277

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Distance from r Angle Stability Center Line 200 m 150 m 100 m 60 m 40 m 30 m 20 m Road Section B 0.0104 0.0142 0.0216 0.0366 0.0522 0.0738 0.1109 0 90 D 0.052 0.0699 0.1055 0.1765 0.2646 0.3517 0.5218 E 0.0918 0.123 0.1853 0.3087 0.4601 0.607 0.8827 90 B 0.0496 0.0675 0.1031 0.1742 0.2630 0.3516 0.5281 6 D 0.2479 0.3330 0.5027 0.8409 1.2605 1.6756 2.4861 E 0.4373 0.5862 0.8827 1.4706 2.1918 2.8919 4.2055 90 B 0.0184 0.0251 0.0383 0.0647 0.0967 0.1305 0.1961 0 D 0.0920 0.1236 0.1867 0.3122 0.4680 0.6221 0.9231 E Third period 0.1624 0.2176 0.3277 0.5460 0.8138 1.0737 1.5615 Xincheng Avenue 90 B Width 40 m 0.0216 0.0294 0.0449 0.0759 0.1146 0.1532 0.2301 5 D 0.1080 0.1451 0.2190 0.3663 0.5491 0.7299 1.0831 E 0.1905 0.2554 0.3845 0.6406 0.9548 1.2598 1.8321 90 B 0.0090 0.0122 0.0187 0.0316 0.0476 0.0637 0.0957 0 D 0.0449 0.0603 0.0911 0.1524 0.2284 0.3036 0.4505 E 0.0792 0.1062 0.1599 0.2664 0.3971 0.5240 0.7620 B 0.0244 0.0331 0.0506 0.0855 0.1290 0.1725 0.2591 6 90 D 0.1216 0.1634 0.2467 0.4126 0.6184 0.8220 1.2197 E 0.2146 0.2876 0.4331 0.7215 1.0753 1.4188 2.0632 B Beiannan Road 0.0091 0.0124 0.0190 0.0320 0.0483 0.0646 0.0970 0 90 D Width 18 m 0.0455 0.0612 0.0924 0.1545 0.2315 0.3078 0.4566 E 0.0803 0.1077 0.1621 0.2701 0.4026 0.5312 0.7724 B 0.0113 0.0154 0.0235 0.0397 0.0599 0.0802 0.1203 5 90 D 0.0580 0.0759 0.1145 0.1915 0.2871 0.3816 0.5662

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Distance from r Angle Stability Center Line 200 m 150 m 100 m 60 m 40 m 30 m 20 m Road Section E 0.0996 0.1335 0.2010 0.3349 0.4991 0.6586 0.9577 B 0.0048 0.0065 0.0100 0.0168 0.0254 0.0340 0.0510 0 90 D 0.0240 0.0322 0.0486 0.0812 0.1212 0.1618 0.2400 E 0.0422 0.0566 0.0852 0.1420 0.2116 0.2792 0.4060 B 0.0244 0.0331 0.0506 0.0855 0.1290 0.1725 0.2591 6 90 D 0.1216 0.1634 0.2467 0.4126 0.6184 0.8220 1.2197 E 0.2146 0.2876 0.4331 0.7215 1.0753 1.4188 2.0632 B 0.0091 0.0124 0.0190 0.0320 0.0483 0.0646 0.0970 0 90 D 0.0455 0.0612 0.0924 0.1545 0.2315 0.3078 0.4566 E Beianzhong Road 0.0803 0.1077 0.1621 0.2701 0.4026 0.5312 0.7724 B Width 18 m 0.0113 0.0154 0.0235 0.0397 0.0599 0.0802 0.1203 5 90 D 0.0580 0.0759 0.1145 0.1915 0.2871 0.3816 0.5662 E 0.0996 0.1335 0.2010 0.3349 0.4991 0.6586 0.9577 B 0.0048 0.0065 0.0100 0.0168 0.0254 0.0340 0.0510 0 90 D 0.0240 0.0322 0.0486 0.0812 0.1212 0.1618 0.2400 E 0.0422 0.0566 0.0852 0.1420 0.2116 0.2792 0.4060 B 0.0244 0.0331 0.0506 0.0855 0.1290 0.1725 0.2591 6 90 D 0.1216 0.1634 0.2467 0.4126 0.6184 0.8220 1.2197 E 0.2146 0.2876 0.4331 0.7215 1.0753 1.4188 2.0632 Beianbei Road B 0.0091 0.0124 0.0190 0.0320 0.0483 0.0646 0.0970 Width 18 m 0 90 D 0.0455 0.0612 0.0924 0.1545 0.2315 0.3078 0.4566 E 0.0803 0.1077 0.1621 0.2701 0.4026 0.5312 0.7724 5 90 B 0.0113 0.0154 0.0235 0.0397 0.0599 0.0802 0.1203

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Distance from r Angle Stability Center Line 200 m 150 m 100 m 60 m 40 m 30 m 20 m Road Section D 0.0580 0.0759 0.1145 0.1915 0.2871 0.3816 0.5662 E 0.0996 0.1335 0.2010 0.3349 0.4991 0.6586 0.9577 B 0.0048 0.0065 0.0100 0.0168 0.0254 0.0340 0.0510 0 90 D 0.0240 0.0322 0.0486 0.0812 0.1212 0.1618 0.2400 E 0.0422 0.0566 0.0852 0.1420 0.2116 0.2792 0.4060 B 0.0244 0.0331 0.0506 0.0855 0.1290 0.1725 0.2591 6 90 D 0.1216 0.1634 0.2467 0.4126 0.6184 0.8220 1.2197 E 0.2146 0.2876 0.4331 0.7215 1.0753 1.4188 2.0632 B 0.0091 0.0124 0.0190 0.0320 0.0483 0.0646 0.0970 0 90 D 0.0455 0.0612 0.0924 0.1545 0.2315 0.3078 0.4566 E Dingxibei Road 0.0803 0.1077 0.1621 0.2701 0.4026 0.5312 0.7724 B Width 18 m 0.0113 0.0154 0.0235 0.0397 0.0599 0.0802 0.1203 5 90 D 0.0580 0.0759 0.1145 0.1915 0.2871 0.3816 0.5662 E 0.0996 0.1335 0.2010 0.3349 0.4991 0.6586 0.9577 B 0.0048 0.0065 0.0100 0.0168 0.0254 0.0340 0.0510 0 90 D 0.0240 0.0322 0.0486 0.0812 0.1212 0.1618 0.2400 E 0.0422 0.0566 0.0852 0.1420 0.2116 0.2792 0.4060

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Table 7-20: NO2 Concentration Changes with Distance in the Time of No Projects in Adverse Diffusion Conditions (Unit = 0.5 m/s)

Distance from ear Angle Stability Center Line 200 m 150 m 100 m 60 m 40 m 30 m 20 m Road Section B 0.1821 0.2347 0.3302 0.4822 0.6117 0.6941 0.7834 16 90 D 0.2270 0.2896 0.3987 0.5588 0.6798 0.7494 0.8182 E 0.3078 0.3849 0.5088 0.6643 0.7612 0.8097 0.8536 B 0.2431 0.3133 0.4408 0.6436 0.8165 0.9265 1.0457 20 90 D 0.3030 0.3866 0.5321 0.7458 0.9074 1.0003 1.0921 E Jiaotong Road 0.4108 0.5138 0.6791 0.8866 1.0161 1.0808 1.1393 B Width 36 m 0.0080 0.0110 0.0167 0.0283 0.0427 0.0571 0.0857 25 90 D 0.0402 0.0540 0.0816 0.1364 0.2045 0.2719 0.4033 E 0.0710 0.0951 0.1432 0.2385 0.3556 0.4692 0.6823 B 0.0034 0.0046 0.0073 0.0125 0.0191 0.0257 0.0388 30 90 D 0.0176 0.0240 0.0366 0.0616 0.0927 0.1233 0.1832 E 0.0313 0.0425 0.0645 0.1079 0.1613 0.2130 0.2648

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Table 7-21: CO Concentration Changes with Distance in the Time of No Projects in Adverse Diffusion Conditions (Unit = 0.5 m/s)

Distance from Angle Stability Center Line 200 m 150 m 100 m 60 m 40 m 30 m 20 m Road Section B 0.0757 0.1029 0.1573 0.2659 0.4013 0.5365 0.8060 90 D 0.3782 0.5082 0.7672 1.2832 1.9237 2.5570 3.7940 4 E 0.6674 0.8945 1.3471 2.2442 3.3448 4.4132 6.4178 B 0.0289 0.0392 0.0600 0.1014 0.1530 0.2045 0.3072 90 D 0.1442 0.1937 0.2924 0.4892 0.7334 0.9749 1.4464 E Jiaotong Road 0.2545 0.3410 0.5136 0.8555 1.2751 1.6825 2.4467 B Width 36 m 0.0367 0.0499 0.0764 0.1290 0.1948 0.2604 0.3912 90 D 0.1836 0.2466 0.3723 0.6229 0.9336 1.2410 1.8413 2 E 0.3239 0.4341 0.6538 1.0892 1.6234 2.1419 3.1148 B 0.0149 0.0202 0.0310 0.0522 0.0789 0.1054 0.1583 90 D 0.0744 0.0999 0.1507 0.2521 0.3780 0.5024 0.7455 E 0.1311 0.1757 0.2646 0.4409 0.6572 0.8672 1.2610

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ii. The daily average concentration predetermination Due to various sections of carbon monoxide under adverse weather condition in the recent period mid-period, future period, and the concentration in each range doesn’t exceed the standard beyond the road property line; therefore, only daily average concentration for nitrogen dioxide is predicted.

Nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide concentration predetermination in sensitive points. The nitrogen dioxide concentration of sensitive points under adverse weather conditions (calm wind, the wind direction angle is 90°) and typical meteorological conditions are shown in Table 7-22. The carbon monoxide concentration is comparatively less. The concentration in the sensitive points is far less than ambient air quality standards (Level II standards).

In the typical meteorological condition, predetermination of NO2 concentration in the sensitive point does not exceed and also is in the “ambient air quality standard” Level II standard.

Table 7-22: Sensitive Point in Adverse Conditions (Calm and Light Wind, 90°), NO2 Concentration (mg/m3)

Section of Sensitive Stability 2016 2020 2025 2030 Road Position B 0.0118 0.0091 0.0110 0.0051 Jiaotong Beishierpu D 0.0589 0.0456 0.0549 0.0255 Road Primary School E 0.1037 0.0804 0.0968 0.0449 Model Condition 0.0197 0.0153 0.0184 0.0086 B 0.0564 0.0411 0.0456 0.0226 Jiaotong Bolin Tenth D 0.2688 0.1958 0.2173 0.1078 Road Commune E 0.4638 0.3379 0.3751 0.1861 Model Condition 0.0881 0.0632 0.0713 0.0354 B 0.0383 0.0279 0.0378 0.0169 Jiaotong D 0.1835 0.1423 0.1810 0.0820 Bolin School Road E 0.3190 0.2474 0.3147 0.1427 Model Condition 0.0606 0.0470 0.0598 0.0271 B 0.0279 0.0204 0.0226 0.0112 Xihuan D 0.1349 0.0982 0.1091 0.0542 Yujiazhuang Road E 0.2359 0.1718 0.1907 0.0946 Model Condition 0.0376 0.0282 0.0310 0.0144 B 0.0279 0.0204 0.0226 0.0112 Xihuan Anjiazhuang D 0.1049 0.0982 0.1091 0.0542 Road School E 0.2059 0.1718 0.1907 0.0946 Model Condition 0.0408 0.0327 0.0363 0.0180

In conclusion, the stability prediction of peak concentration of NO2 in Class E and in the near future most sections are excessive, but along with continuous development of the

111 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi automobile industry technology, the old models are eliminated, the use of new energy-saving models, in a few sections appeared excessive, but the rate of exceeded is small, in future period, each sections road is without exceeding the standard.

CO in the property line of road outside the concentrations of the each distance range was not exceeding the standard.

The stability prediction of the peak concentration of NO2 in recent period of Bolin Tenth Commune and in mid-period of Class E was exceeding the standard. The range of concentration is between 0.0226 mg/m3~0.4638 mg/m3. The main is too close for the distance of the road, demolition of future period planning. Concentration of CO in each sensitive position is less than “Standard for Quality of Environment Air” (Level II standard). Under the model weather conditions, the predetermination concentration of the other sensitive positions were not exceeding on the sides of each road section, even in Level II standard of “Standard for Quality of Environment Air.”

In the general, when the project is completed, the vehicle pollutant emission will be reduced accordingly than the past because of increased speed in the centre area of the city and orderly billabong of the vehicles. The regional environmental air quality, the construction of this project is helpful to improve the air quality in Dingxi city.

7.2 Environmental Noise Impact and Assessment

The noise of city traffic project during the operation period mainly impact along the street first row buildings and schools, hospitals and other sound sensitive buildings. It is to get understanding of the possible acoustic environment level, influence range and harm degree based on this evaluation of predicting these sensitive points when the project is completed so that effective prevention and control measures can be came into being.

7.2.1 Forecast Time Interval

The forecast time interval will be closed in 2016 and 2025.

7.2.2 The Model Being Adopted by Predetermination Software

The Predetermination model is extracted from “Code for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway Construction Project” (JTG B03 2006).

Predetermination of environment noise level

0.1LAeq交 1L.0 Aeq背 LAeq环 = [1010lg +10 ]

LAeq 环 = Environment noise value in the predetermination points, dB;

LAeq 交 = highway traffic noise value in the predetermination points, dB; and

LAeq 背 = background noise value in the predetermination points, dB.

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Calculation of highway traffic noise level

Ni Aeqi LL 0i 距离 地面 △△△ 障碍物 −++++= 16LLLlg10 TVi

0.1LAeq大 1L.0 Aeq中 1L.0 Aeq小 LAeq交 = [1010lg 10 10 ]+++ △L1

In mathematical formula:

LAeqi —I type, usually; it is divided into three types of large, medium, small vehicles, vehicle hour equivalent sound level, dB;

LAeq交—hour equivalent sound level in road traffic, dB;

Loi —the average radiation noise level in the reference point (7.5 m) of the very type vehicle, dB;

Ni —The vehicle flow in per hour of the very type vehicle, pcu/h; T —The time of calculating the equivalent sound level, T=1h;

Vi —average speed of the very type vehicle, km/h; ∆L distance ─distance attenuation quantity from the distance r of the noise equivalent lane distance to the predetermination point, dB; ∆L ground—traffic noise attenuation quantity caused by the ground absorption, dB; ∆L stumbling block—obstacles attenuation quantity on the way of noise transmission, dB; and

∆L 1—road traffic noise correction caused by the highway curve or limited long section, dB.

Determination of parameters in the predetermination model

The average noise level of various models in predetermination model is determined in according to Table 7-23.

Table 7-23: Average Noise Level of Various Models (Unit: dB)

Large Vehicle Medium Vehicle Small Vehicle

Lw,large = 22.0 + 36.32VL Lw,medium = 8.8 + 40.48lgVM Lw,small = 12.6 + 34.73lgVS

The forecast traffic volume is in Section II (2.3-1) in recommended plan of this project and road parameters are presented in Chapter 2. As a result of traffic volume forecast in the feasible study report, there are no hours average and nighttime traffic volume, according to an ADB official opinion, the predicted traffic volume in the daytime is forecasted based on peak hour volume 30% as the average hourly traffic volume. The current traffic volume can be by analogy of the situation at night, night traffic volume in the trunk road is considered as 30% of annual average hourly traffic volume, night traffic volume in the branch is calculated according with 20% of average hourly traffic volume.

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7.2.3 Noise Predetermination

Predetermination of road traffic noise

Predetermination of road traffic noise is shown in Table 7-24 and evaluation results of road traffic are shown in Table 7-25. Trunk road traffic at night takes 30% of year average hourly traffic volume; branch line night traffic takes the 20% of average hourly traffic volume.

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Table 7-24: Predetermination Results for Traffic Noise of Annual Average Hour in Each Road Section in Day and Night

Distance from Center Line of the Road (m) Road Section Year Time 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 120 150 200 Day 67.31 62.86 60.08 57.99 56.31 54.89 53.46 51.8 50.49 48.92 46.9 2016 Night 59.99 54.59 51.27 48.81 46.85 45.22 43.82 41.5 39.62 37.34 34.4 1 Day 69.07 64.79 62.11 60.1 58.34 57.2 56.24 54.66 53.41 51.87 50.14 2025 Night 62.32 57.3 54.18 51.86 50 48.45 47.11 44.9 43.1 40.91 37.87 Day 63.06 59.12 56.51 54.5 52.87 51.49 50.03 48.45 47.19 45.68 43.75 2016 Night 55.81 51.11 48.02 45.67 43.78 42.18 40.81 38.53 36.67 34.4 31.48 2 Day 64.5 60.67 58.13 56.18 54.59 53.24 52.31 50.78 49.57 48.05 46.37 2025 Night 57.7 53.25 50.31 48.07 46.26 44.74 43.42 41.23 39.44 37.26 33.96 Day 62.24 58.95 56.79 55.12 53.77 52.63 51.6 50.26 49.19 47.9 46.32 2016 Night 55.18 51.22 48.66 46.71 45.14 43.83 42.69 40.82 39.29 37.42 35.02 3 Day 63.43 60.23 58.13 56.51 55.09 54.16 53.37 52.07 51.03 49.79 48.32 2025 Night 56.71 52.93 50.47 48.6 47.08 45.81 44.71 42.89 41.41 39.59 37.07 Day 62.37 58.38 55.74 53.71 52.06 50.67 49.46 47.34 46.06 44.54 42.64 2016 Night 54.79 49.94 46.77 44.36 42.41 40.78 39.38 37.05 35.15 32.83 29.85 4 Day 63.94 60.06 57.5 55.52 53.92 52.37 51.42 49.87 48.64 47.16 45.28 2025 Night 56.96 52.41 49.42 47.14 45.29 43.74 42.4 40.18 38.36 36.15 33.29 Day 67.09 61.53 58.33 56.17 54.47 52.92 51.94 50.37 49.12 47.64 45.81 2016 Night 60.77 54.17 50.47 47.97 46.02 44.41 43.03 40.77 38.94 36.72 33.86 5 Day 68.27 62.84 59.71 57.59 55.91 54.8 53.86 52.34 51.04 49.65 48.18 2025 Night 62.17 55.9 52.35 49.95 48.07 46.51 45.19 43 41.23 39.08 36.41 Day 65.03 61.87 59.81 58.25 57.18 56.29 55.52 54.25 53.31 52.18 50.82 2016 Night 58.69 55.07 52.71 50.92 49.47 48.25 47.19 45.44 44 42.12 40.46 6 Day 66.29 63.2 61.23 59.93 58.9 58.04 57.29 56.16 55.13 54.2 52.99 2025 Night 60.14 56.64 54.36 52.62 51.21 50.02 48.99 47.28 45.82 44.49 42.84 Day 59.99 56.87 54.67 52.97 51.58 50.4 49.38 47.68 46.29 44.97 43.32 2016 Night 52.86 49.01 46.37 44.36 42.74 41.37 40.2 38.26 36.67 34.74 32.25 7 Day 61.35 58.33 56.19 54.52 53.17 52.02 50.82 49.46 48.38 47.08 45.43 2025 Night 54.02 50.31 47.74 45.78 44.2 42.87 41.72 39.82 38.27 36.38 33.95

115 ental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project

Table 7-25: Evaluation Results for Traffic Noise of Annual Average Hour of Each Road Section in Day and Night

Time Distance from center line of the road (m) Year 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 120 150 Day 4 types 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type 2013 Night More than 4 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type Day 4 types 3 types 2 types 1 type 2020 Night More than 4 3 types 2 types 1 type Day 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type 2013 Night More than 4 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type Day 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type 2020 Night More than 4 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type Day 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type 2013 Night More than 4 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type Day 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type 2020 Night More than 4 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type Day 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type 2013 Night 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type Day 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type 2020 Night More than 4 2 types 1 type 0 type Day 4 types 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type 2013 Night More than 4 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type Day 4 types 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type 2020 Night More than 4 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type Day 4 types 3 types 2 types 1 type 2013 Night More than 4 3 types 2 types 1 type Day 4 types 3 types 2 types 1 type 2020 Night More than 4 3 types 2 types 1 type Day 2 types 1 type 0 type 2013 Night 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type Day 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type 2020 Night 3 types 2 types 1 type 0 type

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It can be shown from the table that the noise impact range in trunk road will be greater than the secondary road. Without consideration of building sound insulation, traffic noise in 2013 beyond 20 m can reach Class IV standards in the daytime. Protection measures should be adopted because schools and other noise sensitive places within the scope of 40 m cannot meet the standard limits in Class II areas.

Noise Forecast in Sensitive Points

The project is mainly for the city road along with many sensitive spots. There are 10 determined representative points will be predicted regarding the current status of monitoring for the sensitive point predetermination. And the engineering construction impact range and degree on both sides of the road residents will be analyzed by way of fanning out from point to area analysis. The contribution value of sensitive points is obtained from sensitive points noise forecast under current situation of noise monitoring and superimpose average hourly traffic volume (takes 30% peak hour traffic volume as the average hourly traffic volume). The noise values will be predicted based on considering terrain, obstacles and other factors in the sensitive points along the line noise.

Combined with road noise predetermination results we can see that, the first row of buildings on road both sides can be achieved Class IV standards in the daytime, but at night it will exceed the allowed Torrance. The schools and the hospitals within 50 m cannot reach the type two standards, for the 50 m ~ 100 m range, schools and hospitals in grade one acoustic functional area cannot reach type one standard, which need to be taken certain measures.

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VIII. POLLUTION PREVENTION AND TREATMENT MEASURES DURING OPERATION PERIOD

8.1 Ecological Environmental Protection Measures During Operation Period

The change of land use is greater after the proposed roads are built. Agricultural land is greatly reduced, while land used for highways and related land uses significantly increases. The change of this land use type is inevitable and irreversible.

For the construction of the planning road, we should apprize and ration every inch of land use, giving full play to the potential of land resources while reducing ecological resource waste, destruction, degradation, and pollution. Judicious planning is the most important step in reducing land waste. Afforesting the wasteland and bare surfaces along both sides of the road will help reduce soil erosion and ecological resources degradation.

8.1.1 Ecological Compensation Measures

Existing plant life near the project must be transplanted for the project landscaping area or to other appropriate locations. The best method is to entrust the municipal landscaping maintenance department to carefully transplant the vegetation to ensure it thrives. Any trees and flowers damaged in the process can be replaced. Flower beds, lawns, and evergreen ornamental trees should be set near the separation belt and building space as far as possible along the reconstruction roads, in order to offset the reduced greenery.

Both sides of the road should have green belts, plants, grass, and shrubbery. In the open space between the intersection, streets, and buildings, sculpture and landscaping will not only improve the urban environment and beautify the roadside, but also enhance the city’s appearance and overall status.

8.1.2 Engineering Landscaping Plan

Fully combined with native plants, trees, and grasses, the plan adapts to the surrounding environment to form a complete green land system. The layout incorporates such varied aspects as stain-resistance, purification, fire prevention, dust and noise reduction, and a strong aesthetic appeal. Ribbon green space width should be at least of 4 m, giving priority to greenery along the main and secondary roads, and effectively improving the highway landscaping. Road landscaping should address modern traffic challenges. Chosen will be hearty native tree species with the features of dust suction, and strong noise reduction ability. Arbors and shrubs will be combines to form a "green network" to improve the urban environment and optimize the appearance of the main roads.

Road greening rate control in the range of 15 to 20% is appropriate.

Pollution shelterbelts construction should be carried out in the control area of ecological green space construction. Proposed plant species include camphor, privet, small-leaved fig,

118 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi oleander, ginkgo, holly, sycamore, and liana, including honeysuckle vines, ivy, etc. The engineering landscaping plan is shown in Table 8-1.

Table 8-1: Engineering Greening Plan

Engineering Greening Measures Area (m2) Remarks Including middle separation green belt and Road Greening 8.35 trees on both sides of the road Including attractions concentrated green Landscaping 2.79 land

8.2 Air Pollution Prevention and Treatment Measures during Operation Period

8.2.1 Measures Adopted to Control the Pollution Sources

Motor vehicles are the source of air pollution source for this project. For motor vehicle emission pollutant control, it is the efforts from various aspects, rather than the control measures from one or a few roads and bridges. Domestic and international experience shows that the motor vehicle exhaust pollution control should be a system engineering of one city or region; therefore, this project motor vehicle exhaust pollution control is closely related with Dingxi, even the entire Gansu Province, as well as state motor vehicle exhaust emission control policies and measures. Thus, for this project, motor vehicle exhaust emission control measures should be considered along with local and national motor vehicle emission control policies and measures. The project construction unit and management unit should in action and awareness implement various motor vehicle exhaust emission control policies and measures formulated by national and local levels departments, and take corresponding measures to control project motor vehicle exhaust pollutant emission. Specifically, the report suggested the following measures:

¾ Prohibit motor vehicle driving with excessive emissions. From April 16, 2001, China has promulgated and implemented “Light vehicle emission limits and measurement methods” (I) (GB 18352.1-2001); on the April 16, 2001, China promulgated “Light vehicle emission limits and measurement methods” (II) (GB 18352.2-2001), which was replaced by GB18352.1-2001 on July 1, 2004. From September 1, 2003, the emission from heavy vehicles will enforced by (GB17691-2001) and the second edition of GB14762-2002. In order to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions, the road management and maintenance department shall develop the emission control system and enforce the excessive vehicle emissions, which to some extent can alleviate environmental air pollution of this project. ¾ At present, only by strictly controlling motor vehicle exhaust pollution will it be mitigated. This thinking is also in line with the development trend of the domestic and international motor vehicle industries. Domestic and international experience shows that only by making a concerted effort to reduce single motor vehicle emissions, can we balance the rapid increase in vehicle ownership while maintaining, if not decreasing, environmental air quality.

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¾ Improve vehicle inspection and maintenance procedures. The amount of motor vehicle exhaust emissions is in direct relationship with whether the engine is in sound technical condition. In-use vehicle exhaust emissions often exceed normal limits, mainly due to poor maintenance and deterioration of engine technology. Motor vehicles use of unleaded gasoline and the installation of an exhaust gas purifier is essential to successful inspection and maintenance. Therefore, we must intensify vehicle inspection and maintenance procedures to keep cars in good condition and reduce exhaust emissions. ¾ Reduce road dust. Dust kicked up by road traffic is responsible for a third of all air pollution. Road dust consists of several elements of particulate matter; reducing the number of particulates means reducing the pollution source intensity. Road dust can be suppressed with water sprayers and sweeping vehicles, among other methods. ¾ Coordinate local government efforts to improve vehicle exhaust pollution control. Since the vehicle emission control involves many factors in a city or region, it is fundamentally impossible to solve the exhaust pollution simply by relying on one agency. Therefore, the road management departments should actively cooperate with local government and environmental protection departments, thus jointly improving vehicle exhaust pollution control. ¾ Support the use of clean fuels. Government departments must strongly support and give some preferential policies to the use of clean fuels. Legal constraints calling for the use natural gas as fuel can help lessen motor vehicle exhaust pollution.

8.2.2 Distance from New Sensitive Points to the Planned Routes

Keep new sensitive points away from the planned roads to reduce exhaust pollution: Studies show that the distance between pollution sources and receptors will directly affect the pollutant concentration of the receptor. The farther the distance, the less will be the pollutants concentration reaching the receptors. Therefore, if the distance between roads and sensitive points along the roads is increased, free space between the vehicle and the sensitive points is also increased, which is conducive to pollutants dilution in the transportation process reducing the pollutants concentration reaching the receptors. Therefore, proposing planning departments should not build new sensitive points within 35 m on both sides of the road; should gradually move or transform environmental air quality sensitive points within the range to shopping malls, commercial buildings, warehouses, and other closed building. Buildings should be set back from roads, alleviating to some extent adverse environmental impacts caused by vehicle exhaust and dust.

8.2.3 The Use of Vegetation Purify Air

Tests proved that the broad-leaved arbors on both sides of the road have some dust and

120 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi pollutant purification function. Construction units should be in accordance with the provisions, with greening on both sides of the road fully utilizing the air purification function of vegetation.

8.3 Operation Period Noise Pollution Prevention and Treatment Measures

8.3.1 Rational Planning and Layout of Land on Both Sides of the Road

The first row of buildings on both sides of the newly-built roads should not be schools, hospitals, kindergartens, and other sensitive units. Units can appropriately be arranged with low acoustic environment demand, such as commercial buildings, multilayer parking lot, etc., which will not only make full use of the land and but also weaken the noise impact on the sensitive targets.

When designing the functional layout of residential buildings, the bathroom, kitchen, and other auxiliary buildings can be situated to lessen the impact of noise.

If there is acoustic sensitivity to new buildings on either side of the road, owners can use their own acoustic treatment measures in the design and construction process. For example, double-paned windows and doors can reduce the project traffic noise.

8.3.2 Design Measures for Reducing Traffic Noise

In combination with regional master planning and road traffic concerns, the landscaping will reflect vegetation suitable for the northern climate, with trees consisting mainly of poplar, willow, and elm. The first row of buildings along the street cannot meet the Class IV standard for noise control.

8.3.3 Protective Measures for Sound-Sensitive Targets

New road protection measures for sound-sensitive points mainly target identified sources. However, there are other, unidentified sound-sensitive points so we will take the method of reserved noise protection fee, conducting noise monitoring to the sensitive points around roads after the completion of the road. We will take noise prevention measures, including installation of sound insulation ventilated windows, in areas where Noise exceeds standards.

For the existing road rehabilitation, the buildings alone the roads cannot be changed. We can install sound insulation ventilated windows (Option I) to the first row of the residential buildings along the street or using noise reduction road with some sections of road install sound insulation ventilated windows (Option II) to reduce road noise impacts.

Although the Option II investment is much higher than Option I, Option I requires large window replacement amount for the existing housing is large, which will bring great inconvenience to normal life of Anding District residents, also the actual operation is quite difficult, and the indirect impacts on the environment will be far greater than Option II.

8.3.4 Vehicle Noise Control, Road Traffic Management Systems, Sound Insulation

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Facilities, and Road Maintenance

We recommend the following measures:

¾ Gradually perfect and improve motor vehicle noise emission standards. Implement periodic motor vehicle noise inspection system and mandatory maintenance for vehicles causing excessive noise; the vehicles will allow to drive on the road until the noise meeting the standards. Eliminate vehicles with emitting louder noises. Developing motor bike noise control planning and goals, and gradually reducing the single vehicle noise value, is the most direct and effective measure to reduce road traffic noise. ¾ Install high efficiency mufflers to reduce engine and exhaust noise. ¾ Strictly limit driving speed, especially at night, in sensitive areas. ¾ Strengthen the management of vehicle honking; prohibit honking in the more environmental sensitive sections. ¾ Perform regular maintenance and repair sound insulation facilities. ¾ Establish strict road maintenance and repair standards, and repair damaged roads in a timely manner.

8.3.5 Improvement Situation after Take Control Measures

Economic development and the continuous improvement of automobile industry manufacturing technology can gradually improve vehicle noise emission standards and lower the traffic noise value.

For the acoustic environment sensitive targets along the project roads, measures taken include installing sound insulation windows so that indoor ambient noise can achieve corresponding standards.

8.4 Operating Period Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Measures

Operating period water pollution prevention and treatment measures include:

¾ Prohibiting car pollutants from being discharged into the city sewage pipe network, along with the surface water runoff; ¾ Strengthening vehicle inspection and maintenance methods to prevent the leakage of engine oil, toxic; and hazardous materials; ¾ Repairing drainage holes on both sides of the road on the road design, in order to avoid surface water; ¾ Ensuring vehicle maintenance in order to reduce leakage of petrol and oil; ¾ Issuing transport licenses by the Public Security Bureau for vehicles transporting flammable and explosive, hazardous chemicals, and maintaining the vehicles in good condition;

Once a leakage accident occurs, the pollutants must be cleaned with plugging rag, rubber

122 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi plugs, booms and other items.

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IX. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

9.1 Objective and Significance

The construction of a project will have potential favorable or adverse impacts on the surrounding natural environment and social environment. It will also directly or indirectly impact on public interest in project areas. The public will hold different attitudes and perspectives toward this project due to their own interest. The public participation of environmental impact assessment (EIA) is conducted to make public investigation and experts' consulting activities in the process of EIA, which aims at understanding the attitudes, perspectives, and recommendations from all sectors of the society and public toward this project, and understanding the social, economic, and environmental impacts from this project so as to avoid difficulties and troubles brought to the work.

9.2 Methodology and Principle

Public participation of EIA of ADB-Financed Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Development Project is to get public consultation and comments from various units related to this project, environmental specialists, and relevant government organizations by posts in Huaxi Daily, site visits, and investigation, and through questionnaires and discussion.

The principle of target selection for questionnaire distribution combines representativeness with randomness. Representativeness means the interviewees are from industry, agriculture, business, and schools. The representativeness also requires that the interviewees must live within this project area, especially for villagers whose land was requisitioned and for relocated residents. Randomness means the selection of interviewees should be in compliance with the random sampling feature of statistics. The interviewees should be selected randomly among the identified sample people and answer the questions equally, fairly, and impartially, without any individual subjective intention.

This survey focuses on the street, unit of the requisitioned land, resettled residents, and people from neighboring project area, including workers, farmers, engineering technicians, teachers, students, and environmentalists. The questions in this questionnaire should be most closely with the public as the survey content. They have certain reference value for assessing environmental impact and making proper environmental protection measures for this project. The form and content of the questionnaire are shown in Table 9.1-1 and 9.1-2.

9.2.1 Means of Public Participation

"Questionnaire for Enterprises and Government Agencies of ADB Loaned Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Infrastructure Development Project" and "Public Consultation Questionnaire for ADB Loaned Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Infrastructure Development Project" are distributed in order to solicit the opinions from the masses and social groups on this proposed project. This survey mainly focuses on the farmers, workers, residents, teachers, students, technicians, and local officials. The questionnaires, which are compliance with the principle

124 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi of randomness and representativeness, are distributed to the public from different social stratums, occupations, gender, and age. The purpose is to get the opinions from all aspects. We mainly adopt the following means to invite the public to participate this survey:

¾ To solicit and collect the opinions and suggestions, the questionnaires are distributed to the agencies and enterprises in project area, including all levels of government, Agricultural Bureau, Water Resources Bureau, Forest Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau, Land Resource Bureau, Meteorological Bureau, and relevant organizations. ¾ As for the residents in the project area, the main methods to solicit their opinions and recommendations toward the proposed project by communication and questionnaire. ¾ The website of Dingxi Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau issues EIA Information Notice (see Appendix) for public participation. The content of notice includes the current status of the proposed project, IA, EIA content, EIA institute, and its contact, as well as soliciting and collecting public comments and suggestions.

9.2.2 Public Access to Environmental Information of the Project and Complaint

1) Public Access to Environmental Information of the Project:

¾ EIA report and summary of EIA report can be reviewed in Dingxi Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau Project Management Department; ¾ English summary of EIA report will be issued via ADB website (www.adb.org) 120 days before ADB board considers the loan for this project; and ¾ All the relevant environmental monitoring reports can be obtained through ADB website. 2) Public Complaints and Grievance Redress Mechanism

Public participation, consultation, and complaints are key factors for implementing a project successfully, as well as the major components of project EIA. A sound environmental complaint and grievance redress mechanism should be established for this project which encourages the public to report illegal environmental activities during construction in order to effectively solve or avoid environmental disputes.

• Environmental Complaints Method

The client or project and construction organizer should set up a special environmental complaint handling group and inform the contact information to village committee or residents' committee along/in the project area.

The public can complain by means of the following steps:

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Step 1: The petitioner should submit a written or oral application/complaint to the village committee or residents' committee.

When the complaint is made orally, the village committee or residents' committee must make appropriate written records and give a definite answer. Afterwards, the complaints should be reported to the client or environmental complaint handling group of the construction organizer.

Step 2: If the petitioner is not satisfied with the reply or the first step, he/she can appeal to the township government/subdistrict office. The township government/subdistrict office will deal with this complaint within two weeks and report this complaint information to the client of this project or environmental complaint handling group of the construction organizer.

Step 3: If the petitioner is not satisfied with the reply of the township government/subdistrict office, he/she can appeal to the County or Municipal EPB. The EPB will give a clear reply for the complaint within 30 days and pass this complaint information on to the client of this project or environmental complaint handling group of the construction organizer.

Step 4: If the petitioner is still not satisfied with the reply of County of Municipal EPB, he/she can appeal to the Provincial EPB or directly to the Court. He/she will get reply within three months.

• Complaint Handling and Time Limit of Respond

Normally, environmental complaint handling group shall reply the complaint handling advice to the petitioners within seven working days. The reply time for important and complicated complaints can be extended appropriately, but by no more than 20 working days. Moreover, the petitions should be kept strictly confidential.

• Complaints and Grievance Redress Mechanism

Environmental complaint handling group (the Group) may make the comments or transfer, assign, supervise, and self-handling based on the object and content of complaints. The important complaint should be reported to PMO and Environmental Protection Department. The Group should investigate the complaints which need to be checked and if necessary, the Environmental Protection Department can make investigation and treatment.

After making suggestions on complaint handling by the Group, a notice should be promptly given to the defendant units and respondent by written form. The results should also be fed back to the complainant. The defendant unit is responsible for fully implementing the handling suggestion within five working days and supervised by Environmental Protection Department.

A detailed record should be made as for the environmental complaint and respond. The implementation of the related complaint and respond should also be promptly reported to the Environmental Protection Department.

• Complaints Hotline

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¾ PMO of ADB Project-Dingxi Chengtou State-Owned Assets Management Co., Ltd. ¾ Anding District Environmental Protection Bureau of Dingxi City ¾ Dingxi Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

9.3 Brief Introduction of Public Participation Survey

This public participation survey was mobilized in March 2010 and published in "Dingxi Daily" for public participation during the survey. In order to understand the comments on Dingxi Urban Road Infrastructure Development Project, the enumerators extensively communicated with the local residents and agencies and distributed the public participation questionnaires within the definite scope of survey. One hundred individual questionnaires and 30 agency survey questionnaires were distributed randomly to the residents living in project area. Eighty questionnaires and 50 questionnaires were distributed to the directly affected public and non-directly affected public respectively.

Table 9-1: Public Participation Questionnaire for EIA of ADB Loaned Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Infrastructure Development Project (Individual) Occupa- Name Gender Age tion Working Place Education Contact No. or Residence The Name of Project Dingxi Chengtou State-Owned

Construction Assets Management Co., Ltd. Guoyu Contact Contact No. 138302496 Agency Xue 96 Gansu Environmental Science EIA Institute and Design Institute

Project Overview: The construction period of ADB Loaned Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Infrastructure Development Project is from July 2012 to the end of November 2015, with the total investment of US $119.8921 million. This project mainly includes seven urban planning roads of Jiaotong Road and West Ring Road, etc. (1) Jiaotong Road is for extension and upgrading. It is secondary urban main road with the width of redline 40 m and total length of 12,037.743 m. The main design content includes: Reconstruction of water diversion junction, including overflow dam, scouring sluice, intake sluice, etc.; Reconstruction of canal from 0+000 to 11+965; Reinforcement and reconstruction of three aqueducts of Xinghegou River, Ganlinkou, and Tianfang River. New construction of a slot respectively in Nanzhuang, Xieheping, and Fengjiacha; Reconstruction and new construction of 117 canal structures, including one steep slope, two hydraulic drops, seven regulating sluices, nine discharge sluices, 32 bleeders and sluice gates, 48 measuring weirs, two culvert pipes, one bridge for flood discharge, and 15 vehicle-bridges; and Field interplant of 2,141 mu. (2) West Ring Road is newly built. It is secondary urban main road with the width of redline 36 m and total length of 11,894.183 m. This newly built West Ring Road starts from the Eighth Community of Belin Village and passes through Anjiazhuang Village, Biezhuang Community of Belin Village, Baozihe Village of West Ershilipu, Luojuan Community of West Ershilipu, Xiasizuizi Village of West Ershilipu, Laochi Village of West Ershilipu, Sujiazhuang Community of Sanshilipu Village, Zhoujiazhuang Village, and Third Brigade of Xiaobelinkou. There are mostly villages and farmland along the road. The main environmental problems: The environmental impacts from road construction are

127 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

construction noise, blowing dust, and waste earthwork. Night work is strictly prohibited in order to avoid influencing residents' rest by noise. As for the blowing dust caused by motor vehicle transportation and material mixing, measures of cleaning and sprinkling water to remove dust should be adopted promptly. Transporting the demolished structures and wasted earthwork generated by construction to the dump will have fewer impacts on the surrounding environment. The major impacts during the project operation are traffic noise and automobile exhaust.

1. Do you agree with this road construction project? □ Yes □ No □ Indifferent

2. What are the problems of the existing road? □ Poor road conditions □ The road is narrow □ The road is occupied by buildings □ Insufficient road infrastructure

3. What's your attitude to this project? □ Support □ Nonsupport □ Indifferent

4. What are the main environmental problems do you think during the road construction? □ Noise □ Blowing dust □ Traffic safety □ Traffic congestion

5. What kind of problem do you think should pay attention to during the road construction? □ Construction workers damage the trees along the road □ Construction materials are stacked in a disorderly manner □ Construction vehicles influence the travel safety of the pedestrian

6. What's the main environmental impact of this road construction? □ Ecological environment □ Social environment □ Surface water environment □ Noise environment □ Air environment

7. What's your most important concern about this project?

8. Please make recommendations and requirements on the environmental protection measures of this project.

Note: Please tick " recommendations and requirements on the environmental protect If you oppose the construction of this project, please clarify your reasons in the comments column.

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Table 9-2: Public Participation Questionnaire for EIA of ADB Loaned Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Infrastructure Development Project (Agency) Agency Name Agency Address Contact No. Properties The Name of Project Dingxi Chengtou State-Owned Construction Assets Management Co., Ltd. Guoyu Contact Contact No. 13830249696 Agency Xue Gansu Environmental Science EIA Institute and Design Institute

Project Overview: The construction period of ADB Loaned Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Infrastructure Development Project is from July 2012 to the end of November 2015, with the total investment of US $119.8921 million. This project mainly includes seven urban planning roads of Jiaotong Road and West Ring Road, etc. (1) Jiaotong Road is for extension and upgrading. It is secondary urban main road with the width of redline 40 m and total length of 12,037.743 m. The main design content includes: Reconstruction of water diversion junction, including overflow dam, scouring sluice, intake sluice, etc.; Reconstruction of canal from 0+000 to 11+965; Reinforcement and reconstruction of three aqueducts of Xinghegou River, Ganlinkou, and Tianfang River. New construction of a slot respectively in Nanzhuang, Xieheping, and Fengjiacha; Reconstruction and new construction of 117 canal structures, including one steep slope, two hydraulic drops, seven regulating sluices, nine discharge sluices, 32 bleeders and sluice gates, 48 measuring weirs, two culvert pipes, one bridge for flood discharge, and 15 vehicle-bridges; Field interplant of 2,141 mu. (2) West Ring Road is newly built. It is secondary urban main road with the width of redline 36 m and total length of 11,894.183 m. This newly built West Ring Road starts from the 8th Community of Belin Village and passes through Anjiazhuang Village, Biezhuang Community of Belin Village, Baozihe Village of West Ershilipu, Luojuan Community of West Ershilipu, Xiasizuizi Village of West Ershilipu, Laochi Village of West Ershilipu, Sujiazhuang Community of Sanshilipu Village, Zhoujiazhuang Village and Third Brigade of Xiaobelinkou. There are mostly villages and farmland along the road. The main environmental problems: The environmental impacts from road construction are construction noise, blowing dust, and waste earthwork. Night work is strictly prohibited in order to avoid influencing residents' rest by noise. As for the blowing dust caused by motor vehicle transportation and material mixing, measures of cleaning and sprinkling water to remove dust should be adopted promptly. Transporting the demolished structures and wasted earthwork generated by construction to the dump will have fewer impacts on the surrounding environment. The major impacts during the project operation are traffic noise and automobile exhaust.

1. Do you agree with this road construction project? □. Do you agree Indifferent

2. What are the problems of the existing road? □ Poor road conditions □ The road is narrow □ The road is occupied by buildings □ Insufficient road infrastructure

3. What's your attitude to this project? □. What's your attitude to Indifferent

4. What are the main environmental problems do you think during the road construction?

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□. What are the main environmental problems do you think during

5. What kind of problem do you think should pay attention to during the road construction? □ Construction workers damage the trees along the road □ Construction materials are stacked in a disorderly manner □ Construction vehicles influence the travel safety of the pedestrian

6. What's the main environmental impact of this road construction? □ Ecological environment □ Social environment □ Surface water environment □ Noise environment □ Air environment

7. What's your most important concern about this project?

8. Please make recommendations and requirements on the environmental protection measures of this project.

Note: Please tick "√ " on the corresponding option on the basis of your opinion. If you oppose the construction of this project, please clarify your reasons in the comments column.

The total number of valid return was 116, with the valid usable return rate of 89%. The interviewees and the statistical result of the component ratio are shown in Table 9.1-3.

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Table 9-3: Structure Statistic of Public Participation and Interviewees

Statistical Results Number of Proportion (%) Interviewees Category Male 67 71.3 Gender Distribution Female 27 28.7 Total 94 100 ＜30 17 18.1 30—49 54 57.4 Age Structure ≥50 23 24.5 Total 94 100 Junior high or below 23 24.4 Senior high, technical college 13 13.8 Education University 58 61.7 Total 94 100 Civil servant, cadre 33 35.1 Citizen 27 28.7 Farmer 22 23.4 Occupation Teacher 9 9.6 Doctor 3 3.2 Total 94 100

This survey comprehensively reflects the extent of public participation on the environmental problems caused by Dingxi Urban Road Construction Project. We considered the age and gender distribution of interviewees, as well as their cultural levels and occupations in the process of the survey. It can be seen from the Table 9-3 that the proportion of male participation is greater than that of female. The age distribution is mainly composed of middle-aged and youths. The education of interviewees shows a higher level, with the academic certificates at or above the junior college level (nearly 58%; the junior high school level or below is 23%). The educational level who’s below junior high school is mainly the affected residents along the road. The occupations of the interviewees are mainly civil servant, cadre, resident, and farmer, which accounts for 87.2% of the total interviewees. Teacher and doctor respectively account for 9.6% and 3.2% of the total interviewees.

9.4 The Survey Results of Public Participation Survey

Please see the results in Table 9-4.

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9.5 Survey Result Analysis of Public Participation

According to the survey and various comments from interviewees, most of the residents and agencies in the project area are supporting this road construction. Their comments and suggestions are summarized below:

Table 9-4: Statistical Results of Public Participation Questionnaire

Number of Proportion Survey Content Questions answering (%) Support 116 100% Do you agree with this road Nonsupport 0 0% construction project? Indifferent 0 0% Road condition is poor 59 50.9%

What are the problems of the The road is narrow 49 42.2% existing roads? The road is occupied by buildings 2 1.7% Insufficient road infrastructure 6 5.2% Support 116 100% What's your attitude to this Nonsupport 0 0% project? Indifferent 0 0% Noise 22 19% What are the main environmental problems do Blowing dust 55 47.4% you think during the road Traffic safety 22 19% construction? Traffic congestion 17 14.7% Construction workers damage the trees 16 13.8% along the road What kind of problem do you Construction materials are stacked think should pay attention to 39 33.6% disorderly during the road construction? Construction vehicles influence the travel 61 52.6% safety of the pedestrian Ecological environment 15 12.9% Social environment 5 4.3% What's the main environmental impact of this road Surface water environment 5 4.3% construction? Noise environment 65 56% Environmental air 26 22.4%

What's your most concerned issue for this project? In the process of individual survey, the public is most concerned regarding the following issues: • Compensation for the affected residents and resettlement; • Safety during construction, including ease of vehicles and prevention of traffic congestion; • This project needs to be constructed as soon as possible in order to put into operation and project quality issue; • Long-term planning for road construction and comply with the urban road development plan to avoid repeated construction.

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In the process of agency survey: In the case of ensuring project quality, the project should be mobilized as soon as possible to resolve the poor road conditions. Prevent traffic congestion. Address the safety issue of construction transportation. Dingxi Municipal Water-Soil Conservation Bureau indicates that Dongle canal is the trunk canal for Tao River Diversion Project. Therefore, the occupation and use of Dongle canal should be reduced and needs to be protected in order to avoid pollution. Dingxi Municipal Pasturage Bureau proposes to take an overall relocation (including office building, laboratory, warehouse, etc.) Dingxi Municipal Water Company indicates that the water supply pipe network should be protected during construction.

Please make recommendations and requirements on the environmental protection measures of this project. Individual survey: Try to avoid working at night. The noise pollution will impact the normal life of the residents. Protect the original ecological environment and suggest increasing the investment for greenbelt of the bilateral road; The construction waste should be treated and covered in a timely manner. Clean and water during construction to prevent blowing dust pollution. Agency survey: Take measures to protect the ecological environment and enhance the greening of both sides of the road to avoid noise and blowing dust pollution. Construction materials and wastes should be stacked in an orderly manner.

9.5.1 Public Support for This Project

This project will generate various impacts on the local environment. The construction of this project will not only improve the urban transport and road system, but directly generate some favorable impacts on the local economy, environment, and residents' living conditions during the operation. However, there will be some adverse impacts during the construction. It can be seen from the Table 9.1-4 that the support rate of public to this project is 100% and there is no opposition to this project.

9.5.2 Comments on the Impacts from This Project Construction

The construction of this project will produce greater damage to the surrounding ecological environment and cause new soil erosion. Water conservation and ecological protection measures should be fully considered in the process of design and construction.

9.5.3 Requirements and Recommendations

Due to the fact that construction of this project occupies some cultivated land and forest, some people suggest protecting the existing eco-environment as much as possible, as well as enhancing greening in the project area so as to increase the green coverage rate. The city landscape can be beautified and soil erosion can be reduced.

The compensation for the damaged cultivated land and woodland of the land acquisition villagers needs to be implemented. Resettlement and compensation for the relocated residents should be conducted in order to stabilize public sentiment.

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9.5.4 Public Awareness of the Project Constructional and Operational Impacts on Residents' Life

To sum up, this project is supported by the local public through our survey. Moreover, based on the opinions and suggestions raised by the public, further tasks will be conducted in accordance with the constructional impacts on ecology and society. Environmental measures, environmental supervision, environmental monitoring plan, and environmental management system are developed in the light of the adverse impacts from this project. The environmental issues which are public concerns are answered.

9.6 Confirmation of Public Contact

According to the "Temporary Provision Notice for the Implementation of Public Participation in Preparing and Reviewing EIA of Gansu Development Project" ([2001]98), two residents were selected among the public participation as the voluntary environmental protection supervisor for this project. The detail profiles of these two residents are shown in the Table 9-5.

Table 9-5: List of Environmental Protection Supervisor of This Project

Name Gender Age Education Place of work Occupation Contact No. Fengxiang Town Jingping Male 26 Bachelor of Anding Civil servant 13993229692 Zhang District Yu Liu Male 46 Senior high Belin Village Farmer 13519328633

9.7 Conclusion of Public Participation Survey

According to the above analysis, most of the public in the project area feels that the Dingxi urban road condition is poor and the road is narrow. Hence, they are knowledgeable about this construction and most of them support this project.

9.8 Public Participation in Publicity

The information of public participation in EIA of ADB-Loaned Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Infrastructure Development Project was posted on the website of Dingxi Municipal EPB on March 10, 2010. During ten working days of publicity period, the evaluation institute didn't receive any comments.

134 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

X. ANALYSIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF RESETTLEMENT

10.1 Overview for Resettlement Situation of Project

ADB loans road construction project of Dingxi urban in Gansu, involves seven planning roads, these seven roads are related to land expropriation and housing demolition. Among them, in Anding District Dingxi Urban, it is being planned to occupy 988.57 Mu land covering 39715m2 of area for the demolition housing construction. The housing demolition is related to 4 villages and 11 communities of the area in Fengxiang Town, which includes 121 rural households, 472 persons and 34729 m2 of building area; relocated the 27self-employed households, affecting 51 people, the housing area is 4986 m2. As to expropriation land, it can be divided as follows according to the land belongings: in the land types of permanent expropriation, agricultural acreage is 589.02 Mu, takes 59.58% of the total expropriation area; the homestead land is 123.54 Mu, takes 12.50% of the total expropriation area; other land (wasteland) is 214.04 Mu, takes 21.65% of the total expropriation area; state-owned land is 62 Mu, to takes 6.27% of the total land area. Expropriation and demolition affected 398 households, 1693 persons. In the process of construction, 60 Mu of the temporary land will be taken. The basic composition of the expropriation land and the demolition housing are shown in Table 10-1.

Table 10-1: basic composition of the expropriation land and the demolition housing

Influence House- Influence Affected the Nature of land and housing ownership Area holds population number of units (house- (person) (families) hold) Farmland 589.02 398 1693 — Collective land Homestead 123.54 121 472 — of commandeer Other 214.04 — — — Subtotal 916.57 519 2165 — State-owned land 62.00 — — — Permanent land together 988.57 — — — Used for the relocation points of 0 — — — collective land Used for the relocation points of 35 — — — state-owned land

Commandeer / The use of land (Mu) / The use of land (Mu) Commandeer Temporary land 62 — — — Rural house 34729 121 472 — )

2 Private Self-employed 4986 27 51 —

(m housing Subtotal (Don't Housing Housing 39715 148 523 — demolition repeat count) Total land demolition (Don't repeat count) 39715 148 523

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10.2 Compensation Standard for Demolition

The PRC Land Management Law regulation is that compensation fees of the expropriation land should be paid by 6 to 10 times of three average annual output value, resettlement subsidies of the expropriation land should be paid by 4 to 6 times. Although compensation for young crops does not belong to compensation range of the land requisition, but also it should be paid directly to the farmer of cultivation young crops. The highest compensation of the expropriation land shall not be higher than 17 times of the average annual output value. The project involves Dingxi two ring roads and one main road traffic, influence range for this project is widespread, so in order to let affected people can gain equal and reasonable compensation, the project resettlement fees, land compensation fees, young crops fees, three aggregate compensation rate for a total of 27 to 31 times. The compensation standards should be in line with the relevant provisions of the state, which belongs to the reasonable compensation standard.

Resettlement compensation standard is based on the relevant laws and regulations of PRC, the people's Government of Gansu Province, Dingxi City People's government and the ADB.

Standard compensation of rural house and subsidiary facility are shown in Table 10-2.

Standard compensation of trees is shown in Table 10-3.

Table 10-2: Standard compensation of rural house and subsidiary facility

Price number Project Unit remark (Yuan) 1 Brick-concrete structure and ceramic surface closed m2 649 2 ceramic surface building m2 649 3 Brick-concrete structure building m2 649 4 brick-wood structure closed m2 405 5 brick-wood structure building m2 405 6 Brick-earth-wood structure building m2 145 7 earth-wood structure building m2 145 8 brick-wood structure simple building m2 405 9 earth-wood structure simple building m2 96 10 brick-wood shed m2 80 11 Brick-earth-wood structure simple building m2 80-150 12 Henhouse m2 70 Below 3m2 13 sty m2 25 14 earth structure toilet m2 80 15 brick structure toilet m2 80 16 brick-concrete structure gate m2 500-3000 17 brick-wood structure and ceramic surface gate m2 1800 18 brick-wood structure gate m2 1800 19 earth-wood structure gate m2 500

136 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Price number Project Unit remark (Yuan) 20 Simple gate one 500 21 Brick fence m2 80 22 cement ground m2 30 Double kang (kang is a heatable brick bed in North 23 100 China) 24 single room stove one 20 25 single hole stove one 20 26 two holes stove one 30 27 Three holes stove one 40 28 sink m2 211 29 brick-concrete structure vegetable cellar m2 80-260 30 water vegetable cellar one 200 31 brick ground m2 15 32 trench m2 100 33 compensation for removal household 400 Each person of 34 Transition subsidy 150 each month

Table 10-3: the compensation standard of the trees

sort compensation standard economic forest Diameter 1cm 10Yuan/one Non-economic forest Diameter 1cm 5Yuan/one

Compensation standard of city housing is shown in Table 10-4.

Table 10-4: compensation standard of city housing

sort Compensation price steel-concrete 2700 Yuan/Square meter brick-concrete 2160 Yuan/Square meter brick-concrete structure house 845 Yuan/Square meter brick-wood structure house 649 Yuan/Square meter compensation for removal 400 Yuan/Household

The standard for transition subsidy and closed subsidy of city housing are shown in Table 10-5.

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Table 10-5: Standard for transition subsidy and closed subsidy of city housing

section Best section Second section Third section project transition subsidy 10 9 8 business building 40 36 32 Production and operation 25 22.5 20 closed occupancy subsidy office occupancy 15 13.5 12 Storeroom and other 10 9 8 occupancy

10.3 Analysis for Environmental Impact of Resettlement and measure and prevention and control measures

A. Analysis for Environmental Impact of Resettlement and measure

The implementation of this project will inevitably impact ecological resources (plant), air quality, noise environment and solid waste.

Impact of Soil and Vegetation

In process of construction, it will inevitably produce large amounts of earth and stone works, and also will make the local native plants wipe out, finally it will become empty vegetation area, and in the meantime, land condition of vegetation will change. The exposed loess parent material from borrow place in which is not by way of soil maturation process, hence it has less organic matter content and poor soil. At the same time, in the process of construction, people, machinery will also give the plants more or less damage.

Environmental Impact of Exhaust Gas

In the process of project demolition, generated waste gas, there is mainly tail gas from construction machinery, secondary dust of motor transport produced, and the dust of demolition buildings produced and so on. The impact is bigger on the construction site nearby, the pollution range up to the 150m, so the demolition area nearby residents, enterprises and institutions will produce certain effect.

Noise Impact

In the implementation process of demolition work, using mechanized construction, noise source of construction machinery of each site is strong, which can bring certain influence to surrounding residents and enterprises and institutions nearby construction work sites, especially in the situation of several machines are working at the same time, the noise value will rise, which can even exceed noise standard limits from construction machinery, and bring effect to living, working of local residents.

Impact of Solid Waste

138 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

In process of demolition, due to removal of housing and public facilities, it will produce a large construction waste, if not clean up in time, it will produce dust, soil erosion, secondary pollution, in result impact the surrounding environment.

B. Prevention and Control Measures

Scientific design, strict management, and rational arrangement construction process, segmental construction, seriously implement the Construction Code; clarify items of being needed attention in the construction, civilized construction, ensure the quality so that complete the project on time.

Implement a closed construction, try to reduce the construction face, install protection fence, prevent the earth from flowing away, avoid the raise dust caused by rolling and tread of vehicles and pedestrians.

It is suppose to construct the work face; and also sprinkle water on the construction face, control dust drift, timely clean pavement, as far as possible to avoid or reduce dust pollution.

It should stop construction if meet a gale, storm weather, and cover earthwork and stone work to prevent air dust volume to increase.

Maintenance for all kinds of construction machinery and vehicles, so that the seep gas can be exhausted should meet emission standard.

Construction garbage should be piled up in certain garbage place and should be timely cleaned up and transported to the designated waste disposal, to avoid a torrential rain leaching caused surface sewage crosscurrent.

It is forbidden to let transport vehicles and construction machinery make tweeter too loud to avoid peak equipment operating at the same time, as far as possible, reduce the sound environment impact.

As to engineering design, should combine the development area planning, give full consideration to the greening plan for green building.

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XI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

11.1 Environmental Management Agencies, Personnel, and Facilities Configuration

11.1.1 Institutional Framework for Environmental Management

In accordance with relevant regulations and project needs, the project should establish a specialized environmental management agency responsible for project environmental management, environmental monitoring and supervision, and so on. We propose establishing a project area environmental management office under the Dingxi Urban Transport Project Management Office, to establish and run the environmental management system, with the environmental management office as the center, as shown in Figure 11-1 and Table 11-1.

Figure 11-1: Dingxi Urban Transport Project Environmental Management System Framework

140 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Table 11-1: Environmental Management System Constituent Agencies and Tasks

Character of Name of Agency Tasks of Agency Agency Project Management Office Project management agency Management Environmental Management Agency Project environmental management agency Office Supervision and inspection environmental ADB management implementing plans Supervision Provincial, municipal, and Agency Government administrative supervision and district Environmental management agencies Protection Bureau Dingxi urban investment Implementing Implementing agencies to implement environmental state-owned assets Agency protection measures during construction management Co., Ltd. Commissioned by the project environmental Environmental expert group management agencies, implementing environmental review, consultation, technical support Commissioned by the project environmental Environmental supervision management agencies, implement environmental Consulting supervision and management to contractors Service Agency the official correspondence exchange receipt, issue Project supervision channel between environmental supervision and contractor Commissioned by the project environmental Environmental monitoring management agencies to undertake professional agency tasks of environmental monitoring

11.1.2 Environmental Management System Institutional Responsibilities

In this project’s environmental management system, there are some internal agencies, some consulting services agencies, and some agencies outside the project. These agencies provide a complete project environment management system, but each is responsible for different work content with different responsibilities.

Project Management Office

¾ Check and coordinate the work of environmental management office; ¾ Be responsible for arranging investigation activities of ADB environmental experts; and ¾ Prepare summary of the environmental management stages and special reports, and submitted them to ADB for review. Project Environmental Management Office

The project environmental management office is responsible for environmental protection and is the core agency of the project’s environmental management. Its main task is to guarantee the environmental management plan determined by an environmental impact

141 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi evaluation to be effectively implemented during the project implementation and operation and to reduce the project’s adverse impacts on the environment to a minimal or acceptable level while helping realize the environmental benefits of the project. Its main tasks include:

¾ Establish project environmental management agencies; ¾ Be responsible for reporting to the ADB and implementing ADB's environmental management requirements and recommendations; ¾ Be responsible for reporting to government authorities and coordinating with other relevant departments to solve major environmental problems; ¾ Prepare and monitor the implementation of the environmental management rules and regulations; ¾ Supervise and ensure the implementation of environmental protection design measures required by EIA and engineering design to meet the EIA’s requirements; ¾ Supervise and ensure that construction contracts include environmental protection measures proposed by the EIA; ¾ Hire, supervise, and coordinate environmental supervision (qualification, responsibilities, and management); ¾ Hire, supervise, and coordinate environmental monitoring (qualifications, responsibilities, results analysis, and management); ¾ Organize and implement environmental management training programs; ¾ Hire, organize, arrange, and aid environmental consultants group and other consulting; ¾ Perform specific environmental work (borrow, disposal site management, etc.); ¾ Be responsible for complaint record and collation during project construction and operation, report to the project office, provide the results to the public, and resolve public complaints; ¾ Review environmental supervision, environmental monitoring, and environmental consultation report; ¾ Prepare environmental management stages or special reports; ¾ Receive and accept environment work inspection (including the ADB project checks); and ¾ Perform other tasks (document management, sector coordination, publicity, reports, etc.) Environmental Supervision Engineer

Commissioned by Environmental Management Office, the environmental supervision

142 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi engineers supervise and manage on-site the construction area and living camps of the construction contractor; ensure the contractors comply with Chinese laws and regulations relating to environmental protection during construction; and implement the environmental protection measures determined by the environmental evaluation report. Main responsibilities include:

¾ Supervise and inspect domestic sewage treatment, productive wastewater treatment, waste gas, dust, noise control measures, productive, domestic garbage and construction waste, etc., within the construction area; in addition, supervise and inspect environmental protection in resettlement area; ¾ Propose resolutions to environmental protection issues encountered during construction activities; ¾ Ensure that the contractor prepare and submit environmental monthly reports; ¾ Check the environmental monthly report and propose a formal or informal procedure on the various problems encountered in the work, if necessary. Work with project supervision engineers to communicate and coordinate the views with the contractors; and ¾ Observe construction activities impact to determine whether the contractor need to take additional protective measures. (If the contractor measures are not well taken, the contractor will be fined.) Environmental Monitoring Agency

Commissioned by the project environmental management office, environmental monitoring units monitor important parameters of the construction zone and the affected area regularly or irregularly. The agency should propose corrective measures and advice to all apparent significant environmental impacts issues.

Environmental Consultant Group

According to the ADB loan agreement requirement, the Environmental Management Office hires domestic and foreign environmental consultants to form an environmental consultant group, to consult and inspect regularly on the project environmental protection, and to offer advice and ways to improve. In addition, domestic experts for consultation on environmental management issues, such as environmental management training, special studies, etc., can be hired.

ADB

According to the loan agreement requires between the Chinese Government and ADB, ADB sends an annual inspection team responsible for special inspections of the project implementation, for inspecting the implementation of the project loan agreement, implementation of environmental management plans, etc.

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Environmental Protection Departments at all Levels

EPA offices at all levels are the environmental administrative departments, who are responsible to implement environmental monitoring and management during the entire process of works according to the law, including: approval of environmental impact assessment report and environmental supervision and management during construction and operation.

Contractor

Contractors are the project implementing partners, who are also the implementing partners for implementing environmental protection measures during the construction. In the whole process of construction, the contractor shall implement the various environmental protection measures formulated by the environmental assessment report during construction and accept supervision and inspection on the environmental protection from environmental supervision engineers, ADB, and environmental protection departments at all levels.

11.1.3 Environmental Management Required Personnel

Environmental Management Office

For the better implementation of environmental management responsibilities, we propose that the Environmental Management Office allocate relevant personnel according to the requirements of Table 11-2.

Table 11-2: Personnel List of Environmental Management Office

Period of Qualification Personnel Time Requirements Preparation Head: 1; Environmental Engineer: 1 Period Head: 1 Head, daily environmental y Environmental management personnel: 2 (responsible management personnel, for daily environmental management) environmental complaints Construction y Complaints receptionist: 1 (responsible for receiving and reception staff requires Period and resolving complaints) professional knowledge y Environmental Engineer: 1 person (responsible for about environment and environmental technical problems) management Operation Head: 1; Environmental Engineer: 1 Period

Environmental Monitoring

Because this project's main environmental impacts occur during construction and from an environmental management perspective, a qualified environmental supervision agency is needed to supervise environmental pollution issues during construction. The EIA recommends the project implementation unit, Dingxi urban investment state-owned assets management Co., Ltd., to appoint an environmental director who is responsible for project environmental supervision and to appoint one environmental supervision engineer for the

144 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi construction site. The construction unit should raise environmental awareness of the construction workers; monitor the construction site to implement construction field standard limit; and supervise construction teams to spray water on access roads in the dry season to prevent dust. Full-time environmental protection supervisors should urge the construction team to implement sound environmental protection measures. Our recommendation for construction supervision and final approval of environmental protection facilities and suggested work plan of environmental supervision is shown in Table 11-3.

Table 11-3: Environmental Protection Supervision Plan during Construction

Item Environmental Protection Requirements 1. In the construction process, select high efficiency and low noise machinery and equipment, and pay attention to the proper use of equipment and regular Acoustic maintenance, to reduce the noise to a minimum. Environment 2. The construction camp, yard and field with materials and equipment should be away from residential buildings, the distance should generally be more than 200 m, when less than 200 m, the high noise source stop working during night. 1. Construction waste and the surface removal material should be promptly removed or handled according to environmental protection department Water regulations. Environment 2. The rinse water should be discharge into the sump for re-use during construction; construction mechanical cleaning and maintenance oily waste water should be discharged into the seepage pool for natural evaporation. 1. In project construction process, try to balance the earthwork, construction should be gradual, the surface vegetation of a place that can not disturb should not be damaged as much as possible. 2. Construction site material transport, try to use the existing road networks, not to set up sidewalk at random. Ecological 3. Accelerate the construction pace, is strictly prohibited to construct in the high Environment winds and heavy rain days to reduce soil erosion. 4. Construction wastes should be timely removed, commission a qualified transport unit to transport to the designated construction waste landfill. 5. For the old trees as much as possible to take protective measures, for the ancient trees that cannot be transplanted but must be cut down, should be reported to the authorities for approval before implementation. 1. Spray water on the road to reduce dust regularly during construction, prohibit working in the windy weather. 2. Construction materials should be piled up at the leeward side, and covered Ambient Air with tarpaulin, etc. 3. Transport vehicles should be slow, no spraying; construction uses bagged cement. If cultural relics was found, should immediately stop earthwork excavation, and Historic Landmarks to report the situation to the local cultural relics protection department. Before and Sites cultural identification by the competent authority and the necessary protective measures have been taken, not re-excavation.

Environmental Monitoring

Environmental monitoring can entrust the local qualified environmental monitoring unit for completion.

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11.1.4 Environmental Management Training

Training Purposes

Environmental management training is designed to ensure the smooth and effective implementation of environment management, so that relevant personnel are familiar with the content and procedures for environmental management, to enhance environmental management capacity of environmental management personnel and to ensure the effective implementation of environmental protection measures.

Trainees

Trainees include all the staff of the Environmental Management Office; environmental supervisors, the representatives of environmental monitoring agency, project management office, and the main contractor, among others.

Training Content

¾ Prior to the implementation of environmental monitoring, describe to the monitoring unit the project environmental monitoring requirements and related procedures. ¾ Master and use ADB's environmental policy and domestic environmental laws and regulations and environmental standards; ¾ Use environmental management mode of ADB loan project and environmental clauses in loan agreements; ¾ Provide project environmental impact assessment and environmental management plans; ¾ Focus on the provisions of the project environmental management (focus on environmental regulations during construction); ¾ Training on environmental management personnel, environmental supervision personnel, environmental monitoring personnel, contractor's responsibilities, and corporation ¾ Prepare environmental management work report, environmental supervision work report, environmental monitoring report, and contractor’s monthly report; ¾ Perform annual review and evaluation of environmental monitoring data and monitoring reports; ¾ Provide other environmental consulting and training. Staff Training Program

For smooth and effective implementation of this project, it is necessary to train all staff, especially the construction workers, about environmental protection knowledge and skills, in

146 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi addition to explaining the importance of the proposed project and implementation meaning to all the staff. It is necessary train staff in different positions with different focuses. According to the importance of different management levels and environmental protection posts, training methods take a combination of domestic and international training methods. Specific training programs are shown in Table 11-4.

Table 11-4: Environmental Protection Technician Training Program

Cost Number of Time (ten Personnel Training content Method people (day) thousand yuan) Environmental basic theories Construction 2 person/ and monitoring methods and Home environmental construction 4 6 preparation of monitoring training protection personnel section reports and job training 1-2 person for each Environmental regulations, construction construction planning, and Home section, 2-4 5 Environmental environmental monitoring training person/ supervision engineer standards and norms and construction unit construction 10 environmental unit managers Ambient air monitoring and control technology, noise Home 6 5 monitoring, and control training technology Environmental senior Advanced foreign managers and environmental traffic Abroad 4 15 30 environmental management experience and training engineers noise control measures Total 29 46

11.1.5 Environmental Management Supervision Plan

In order to protect the environment along the project, we will ensure a variety of adverse environmental impacts will be effectively controlled and mitigated. We will strengthen project environmental management and supervision and formulate Dingxi urban road construction project environmental management plan, as summarized in Table 11-5.

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Table 11-5: Environmental Management Plan Summary Table of ADB-financed Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Construction Project Supervision Phase Supervision Content Supervision Purpose Environmental Protection Requirements Agency 1. To ensure that the EIA is comprehensive, set properly special subject, giving Dingxi prominence to the key points Feasibility Environmental 1. Review environmental 2. To ensure that the major, potential problem Meet the EIA report preparation requirement; can be used as study phase Protection impact report the project may have is reflected management basis for the environmental protection department Agency 3. To ensure that the environmental impact mitigation measures have feasible implementation plan Dingxi 1. Verify whether the Environmental environmental protection 1. To ensure environmental protection Protection investment is investment 1. In the construction process, select high efficiency Agency implemented and low noise machinery and equipment, and pay 2. Check the attention to the proper use of equipment and regular maintenance, to reduce the noise to a minimum. rehabilitation of the Acoustic temporary construction 2. The construction camp, yard and field with 2. To ensure that surface water is not environment site vegetation and materials and equipment should be away from contaminated environment residential buildings, the distance should generally 3. To ensure construction wastewater does 3. Check the emissions be more than 200 m, when less than 200 m, the high not pollute surface water and processing of noise source stop working during night. sewage and waste oil in the construction site Design and construction 1. Construction waste and the surface removal phase Dingxi material should be promptly removed or handled Environmental according to environmental protection department Protection 4. Check recovery and 4. To ensure the landscape and land regulations. Water Agency processing of the borrow, resources along the road is not seriously 2. The rinse water should be discharge into the environment disposal site damaged, but restored sump for re-use during construction; construction mechanical cleaning and maintenance oily waste water should be discharged into the seepage pool for natural evaporation. 1. In project construction process, try to balance the earthwork. Construction should be gradual; the 5. Check if the yard, lime 5. To ensure that these sites meet the Ecological surface vegetation of a place that cannot be mixing sites are requirements of environmental protection environment disturbed should be protected as much as possible. appropriate 2. For construction site material transport, try to use the existing road networks; do not set up random

148 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Supervision Phase Supervision Content Supervision Purpose Environmental Protection Requirements Agency sidewalks. 3. Accelerate the construction pace; do not construct during high winds and heavy rain days, to reduce soil erosion. 4. Construction wastes should be removed in a timely manner. Commission a qualified transport unit to transport to the designated construction waste landfill. 6. Check the dust and 6. To reduce the impact of construction on the noise pollution control; surrounding environment, implement relevant 1. Spray water on the road to reduce dust regularly determine construction environmental regulations and standards during construction; prohibit working in the windy time weather. 7. Check the Ambient air 2. Construction materials should be piled up at the environmental protection leeward side, and covered with tarpaulin, etc. facilities “three 7. To ensure “three concurrences” 3. Transport vehicles should be slow, no spraying; concurrences”; ensure construction uses bagged cement. Dingxi the final deadlines Environmental Protection If cultural relics are found, immediately stop earthwork excavation and report findings to the local Agency 8. Check whether the Historic cultural relic protection department. Do not environmental protection 8. Inspect environmental protection facilities landmarks re-excavate until cultural identification is made by facilities reach the limits and sites the proper authorities and the necessary protective measures have been taken. 1. Check the test implementation of plan Dingxi 2. Check whether it need Environmental for further environmental Protection protection measures (if 1. Implement the monitoring program Noise of sensitive points on both sides of the road reach the limits, Operation Agency possible, merge the 2. Effectively protect the environment new sensitive points avoid 30 m backward. phase environmental issues not 3. Strengthen environmental management

originally estimated) while effectively protect human health Dingxi 3. Check the solid waste Environmental dumping, burying, and Protection transporting situation Agency

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11.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan

11.2.1 Purpose and Principle of Developing Environmental Monitoring Plan

The development principle is major environmental impacts based on expected and various periods (during construction or operation period).

The purpose for developing environmental monitoring plan is to monitor implementation of the various measures, according to monitoring results adjust environmental protection action plan, and provide a basis for implementation time and implementation action of environmental measures. Annex "environmental monitoring content evaluation" is also the main content of environmental monitoring plan.

11.2.2 Monitoring Institutions

A monitoring station will be located at the project site to conduct environmental monitoring during construction period and operation period. Monitoring units should be certified state environmental quality monitoring units, with full equipment and advanced technology to best accomplish environmental monitoring task.

11.2.3 Environmental Monitoring Programs

According to the environmental impact prediction results, approach with sensitivity obvious pollution monitoring points and track and monitor pollution conditions during the project construction period and operation period. Monitoring content reflects noise, air environment, and surface water environment, which have large impact on environment. Based on the engineering pollution characteristic factor, determine the monitoring factor. Monitoring and analysis methods using appropriate project monitoring and analysis methods described in Environmental Monitoring Technical Specifications issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration as well as the national standards which have been adopted by each subproject.

According to engineering features of Dingxi urban road construction project, develop stages environmental monitoring program in accordance with construction period and operation period (see Table 11-6).

11.2.4 Monitoring Results Review and Evaluation

The PMO organizes the relevant experts to review and evaluate annual environmental monitoring results at the end of each year and propose improvement or adjustment recommendations for project implementation or environmental monitoring work. In order to ensure the environmental work quality, the monitoring unit personnel who conducted the environmental monitoring work should not conduct the annual environmental monitoring review and evaluation work. PMO will take appropriate measures to implement the recommendations proposed by experts, including necessary improvements and adjustments for environmental monitoring.

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11.3 Environmental Protection Investment Estimation

11.3.1 Reference Standards of Environmental Protection Investment Estimation

According to the relevant environmental monitoring and advisory fees regulations issued by Gansu Price Bureau, Finance Bureau and Environmental Protection Bureau, as well as the current engineering personnel estimated prices and material market prices, the environmental protection investment cost can be estimated.

Environmental protection investment of the project includes costs for the environmental monitoring, temporary environmental protection measures, independent expenses and basic preparation costs. The cost associated with soil and water conservation prevention and control has been included in the main body of the project, same as the land acquisition compensations shown in the resettlement report.

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Table 11-6: Dingxi Urban Road Construction Project Environmental Monitoring Plan

Project Environmental Environmental Monitoring Monitoring Responsible Supervisory Monitoring Item Monitoring Frequency Area Elements Factors Sites Institute Institute Institute Pre immigration 1/month, Total income level, Immigrants living Resettlement during immigration vocational training, level areas 1/month, after the technical training resettlement 1/year Project Housing, water supply, Resettlement manure and wastewater Office The level of Immigration management, solid waste Pre immigration 1/month, Sociologist City and District immigration demolition and management, during immigration Environmental Level housing and resettlement communications and 1/month, after the experts Environmental public utilities area information services, resettlement 1/year Public health Protection education, health care, experts Bureau Immigration public health services City and District environmental Level Health monitoring Acceptance level, Pre immigration1/month, Bureau Social and complaint mechanisms, Resettlement during immigration cultural services security measures of origin areas 1/month, after the of immigrant area residents in resettlement resettlement 1/year Project Dingxi area Environmental urban Onetime Pre-construction, City and District Terrestrial Plant growth and area Management area Vegetation group construction period, after Ecology expert Level Forestry vegetation situation Office construction Bureau Vegetation damage and Monitor one time during City and District Take and spoil Take and spoil historical site restoration construction, 1/year; after Ecology expert Level Forestry soil site soil field construction situation construction, 3 years Bureau Analyze regional land-use City and District Changes in land Land Use Project area change from the view of 2/year Civil engineer Level Land resources environment Bureau Monitor once in Soil erosion monitoring, The amount of pre-construction and Set one soil control measures progress City and District soil erosion and construction period Qualified soil Soil erosion taken field and and quality monitoring and Level Water soil conservation respectively, monitor once conservation monitoring one soil spoil the ecological, economic Protection measures before and after the flood monitoring unit field and social benefit Bureau implementation period during three years monitoring operation period Environmental Surface water Xi River and COD, NH3-N, pH, SS, DO, 2/year City City and District

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Project Environmental Environmental Monitoring Monitoring Responsible Supervisory Monitoring Item Monitoring Frequency Area Elements Factors Sites Institute Institute Institute monitoring during Guanchuan and oil, etc. Environmental Level construction River Monitoring Environmental Station Protection Bureau City and District City The construction Level Sewage COD, NH3-N, pH, SS, and 1 time/three months during Environmental camps, Environmental discharge oil, etc. construction Monitoring construction site Protection Station Bureau City and District City Construction site 1 time/month during peak Level Environmental Ambient air and adjacent TSP, SO construction period, every Environmental 2 Monitoring sensitive areas morning and afternoon Protection Station Bureau City and District Construction City Level field and 1 day/month, twice one day Environmental Noise Equivalent noise level Environmental adjacent (day and night) Monitoring Protection sensitive areas Station Bureau City and District City Two traffic air Level Environmental pollution NO , CO, CmHn 1 time/half-year, 2/year Environmental X Monitoring monitoring points Protection Station Bureau Ambient air City and District City Level Environmental Two ambient air Environmental TSP, SO , PM 1 time/ half-year, 2/year Environmental monitoring during monitoring points 2 10 Monitoring Protection operation Station Bureau Environmental City and District sensitive points City Level Noise along the road 1 day/ half-year，twice one Environmental LAeq(dB) Environmental (villages, Monitoring day (day and night) Protection residential area, Station Bureau etc.)

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Environmental Monitoring Measures Investment

¾ Water quality monitoring mainly includes monitoring domestic wastewater and production wastewater during construction, calculated based on monitoring points listed in monitoring plan and according to the relevant environment monitoring fees standard and relevant local regulations estimate expenses for monitoring project and monitoring points; ¾ Ambient environmental monitoring is mainly ambient air quality monitoring during construction period and operation period, calculated based on monitoring points listed in monitoring plan; ¾ Noise environmental monitoring: According to monitoring plan, calculate the noise monitoring points times during construction period and operation period; Temporary Environmental Protection Measures Investment

Temporary environmental protection measures mainly includes wastewater treatment facilities (catch basins, sedimentation tanks, grease traps, etc.), ambient environmental protection measures (sprinkler equipment, etc.), solid waste disposal (construction waste and garbage disposal, etc.), noise control (temporary sound insulation wall, etc.), all will be estimated in accordance with related national standards and local regulation.

Monitoring Methods

Environmental monitoring methods see Table 11-7.

Table 11-7: Environmental Monitoring Methods

Item Monitoring Methods Method Standard Limit Air CO Portable CO Detector 0.1 mg/m3 3 NO2 Saltzman method GB/T 15435 0.01 mg/m TSP Weight method GB/T 15432 0.001 mg/m3 Acoustic environment Acoustic environmental Leq Noise meter 30.0dB quality standards Water environment 0.1 PH Glass electrode method GB6920-86 (dimensionless) DO Iodometric GB7489-87 0.01 mg/m3 CODcr Weight chromate method GB11914-89 5mg/m3 Nessler's reagent colorimetric ammonia GB7479-87 0.1 mg/m3 method oil Infrared spectrophotometer method GB/T16488-1996 0.01 mg/m3 SS Weight method GB/T16488-1996 0.001 mg/m3

154 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

11.3.2 Environmental Protection Measures Cost Estimation during Construction

Project environmental protection investment is 13.85 million Yuan, accounting for 2.58% of total project investment, of which environmental protection measures investment during construction is 10.35 million Yuan; environmental protection management and operation cost during operation is 3.5 million Yuan.

11.4 Environmental Management Plan Implementation Report

Contractors, monitoring units and the PMO should record and promptly report project progress, implementation of environmental management plan (EMP) and environmental quality monitoring results, etc., to related department.

They should report the following three main parts:

(1) Monitoring unit and contractor record implementation situation of the EMP in detail and promptly report to PMO; (2) PMO prepare the project progress reports and must include the content of EMP progress (monthly, quarterly, annual reports, etc.), such as implementation progress and enforcement effects of EMP; and (3) The annual EMP executive report must be completed and submitted to ADB before March 31 in the following year. EMP executive report should include the following main contents:

(1) The implementation of training programs; (2) Project progress, such as the length of new roads, repairing road completion progress; (3) For public complaint, if has the complaints, record the main content of the complaint, solutions, and public satisfaction; and (4) EMP implementation plan for next year.

11.4.1 Monitoring Report System

After finishing the monitoring work, the monitoring unit should submit a formal monitoring report, in accordance with procedures, to higher level staff. During the construction period, there should be monthly, quarterly, and annual reports; during the operation period, there should be quarterly and annual reports. Accidents must be reported immediately. The project monitoring reporting procedures is shown in Figure 11-2.

155 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Gansu Environmental Project Management Protection Bureau Agency

Tianshui Environmental ADB Financed Tianshui Environmental Protection Bureau Urban Development Monitoring Agency Project Site

Figure 11-2: Schematic Diagram of Monitoring Reporting Procedures

156 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

XII. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CONCLUSIONS

12.1 Environment Assessment Conclusions

The land use for the proposed project is the urban land based on the current city master plan, and the nature of the project land use is consistent with planning. Engineering construction meets Dingxi City Master Plan (2004 ~ 2020), Dingxi New City Regulatory Detailed Plan, Dingxi Environmental Protection Plan During the Eleventh Five-Year, and "Gansu Highway Traffic Plan During the Eleventh Five-Year” requirements, which will help to improve urban transport and be helpful for city construction, economic development, comprehensive transportation, and environmental protection. Engineering construction and city planning are compatible.

"Zero solution" obviously cannot meet the requirements of the regional logistics and public traffic transportation, thus further restricting the normal implementation of future economic development mode. "Zero solution" is not conducive to atmospheric environmental quality management under Dingxi new city planning. With the natural growth of the regional traffic flow, noise environmental impact of assessment area will further accelerate. The implementation of the "zero solution" is not conducive to environmental noise control of assessment area.

Engineering in the scheme comparison, selection, and optimization aspects fully considers compliance with the local road network planning, Dingxi new city planning, Dingxi environmental protection plan during Eleventh Five-Year, and other strategic planning. It not only has coordination with traffic transportation, regional population, cultivated land, and environmental protection and other various aspects, but also through systemic analysis determines the layout of the route and related service projects.

12.2 Environmental Impact Analysis Conclusion during Operation

(1) Social environmental impact analysis

Construction of the project can improve city traffic order, reduce traffic accidents, save travel time, promote city economic development, and reduce vehicle exhaust emissions and noise. It will help improve the Dingxi road network layout and structure, urban road travel density, Anning District’s overall image, and the investment environment. Furthermore, it will attract foreign investment and talents, help improve living conditions, and improve the quality of life for residents.

(2) Urban ecological environment and landscape impact analysis

After the completion of this project, the green proportion of renovation and expansion roads (design green area 11.14 hm2) will be enhanced, and the landscaping works can effectively improve the regional landscape. Green engineering can bring comprehensive environmental benefits such as road protection, reduced soil and water erosion, reduced traffic dust and

157 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi traffic noise, adjusted and improved road microclimate, and improved landscape environment of the flood channel and along road, beautifying the city appearance.

After the completion of the project, the rational allocation of green will provide a welcome feeling to the city.

(3) Ambient air impact prediction and assessment

After the roads open to traffic, the vehicle exhaust impact on ambient air quality on both sides of the road has been assessed in B, D, and E three stable conditions by assuming the wind speed of 0.5 m/s in the unfavorable diffusion condition, and the wind direction and road at an angle of 90°. The pollutant hour concentration and peak maximum concentration with change of distance are projected. The daily average pollutant concentrations with change of distance under the typical weather conditions are also evaluated.

NO2 concentration at other sensitive points in each period is not exceeded. CO concentration is smaller; CO concentration at all sensitive points is far less than the Ambient

Air Quality Standard (Grade II). Under the typical weather conditions, NO2 prediction concentration on both sides of every road section and sensitive points are not exceeded and within the Ambient Air Quality Standard (Grade II).

Overall, after the completion of the project, because of increased speed in downtown traffic and orderly traffic diversion, motor vehicle emissions will be reduced compared with the non-project period. For the regional ambient air quality, the construction of this project will help improve the ambient air quality of Dingxi city.

(4) Acoustic environment impact prediction and assessment

The first row of buildings of most roads along the street during daytime can reach the Class IV District standard limit, but the first row of buildings of Jiaotong road section cannot reach Class IV district standard limit. Noise protection measures must be taken.

Combination road noise prediction results, for the first row of building on both sides of roads, basically can reach Class IV District standard during daytime, but at night will be exceeded. Schools and hospitals less than 40 m away cannot reach Class II District standards; the range for 50 m ~ 100 m sound within a functional area to schools and hospitals does not meet district standards, and it is necessary to take certain measures. Likewise, the schools and hospitals of Grade I sound functional areas within range of 50 m to 100 m do not meet Class I District standard, so certain measures must be taken.

158 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

(5) Water environment impact analysis

The influence on water environment operation period is mainly from road runoff. After the completion of the road, the road becomes impervious asphalt concrete or hard-surface pavement. The road dust, oil, rubbish, and other pollutants from traffic will be washed into the Yellow River with road runoff, causing pollution to Yellow River, especially during the heavy rains. With Dingxi average precipitation 327.7 mm and hard-surface pavement area approximately 132,654 m2, road surface runoff is 43,471 m3/a. Road surface runoff discharge into municipal sewage pipeline through rainwater pipes set beside the road, thus do not produce adverse effect to Donghe River water. According to layout and planning of spillway and road network and road vertical section, use principle of discharging road surface runoff into nearest municipal sewage pipes in sections, currently no effective measures to control pollution caused by road runoff, but we can take measures such as strengthening transportation management and maintain road cleanliness to reduce pollution.

12.3 Overall Conclusions

Dingxi city road project is not only an important component of Dingxi City Master Plan, but also one of urban transport development strategic objectives. The construction of the project will greatly improve Anning District’s traffic condition of Dingxi city. It is beneficial to the improvement of Dingxi whole transportation structure; conducive to urban reconstruction and development; will help improve urban quality and the city's comprehensive system; reduce traffic congestion; and have significant social, economic, and environmental benefits.

The project will produce a certain amount and range of noise, water, and air pollution during construction and operation, which will cause to a certain extent influence to the surrounding environment. The adverse effects of the project will be effectively controlled after taken corresponding environmental protection measures. Therefore, from the view of environmental protection, the project is feasible.

12.4 Recommendations and Requirements

This project construction period is long, the construction process has a significant amount of earth excavation work, and generated noise and construction dust will have an impact on the local environment. We recommended concentrating the power and constructing in sections to shorten the construction period, and take the fence shielding measures on construction site.

159 Environmental Impact Assessment ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi

Project construction should occupy less land and remove as few trees, vegetation, and roads as possible, protect the ecological environment of the construction site, and prevent soil erosion. After the completion of the project, forestation will be vigorously carried out, with plants, flowers, and grass in the open area to protect and beautify the environment and aid in the recovery and reconstruction of the local ecological environment.

Solid waste mainly life rubbish and construction generated waste soil during construction. Life rubbish can be collected using bins by the sanitation workers carried to designated landfill for treatment. The construction spoil and waste must be handled properly, and removed and transported in a timely manner. Construction waste transport should prevent leakage during transportation, causing secondary pollution.

In order to avoid construction dust, we will sprinkle water on the construction site regularly every day to prevent generating dust. On especially windy days, we will increase sprinkling frequency and water amount. Transport ways within the site should be clean and regularly washed to reduce vehicle travel dust; transport vehicles at construction sites should be slow or at speed limit to reduce the amount of dust production. We will avoid piling dusty raw materials in open air, instead covering them with canvas.

We will avoid arranging a lot of power machinery equipment in the same place in order to avoid high noise levels and select low-noise equipment whenever possible. We will avoid vibration caused by loose parts or muffler damage which increases the sound level of their work. We will rationally arrange construction time, prohibiting construction at night and suspending it at noon. In order to avoid disturbance to the people for lunch break, we recommended stopping construction from 12:00 to 14:30 p.m.

Construction units should strengthen publicity and education on cultural relic protection to the construction team. If cultural relics or suspected cultural relics are discovered during construction process, construction should immediately stop; the site should be protected; and the cultural relics department immediately notified before construction can continue.

In order to minimize construction influence on urban life and urban traffic, the Anning District road traffic vehicles line during construction should be unified to avoid causing traffic congestion. If necessary, staff should cooperate with public security traffic management departments to ensure the smooth flow and normal operation of urban traffic and advertise in advance use via radio, television, and newspaper notice.

Government and the relevant units should properly solve the issue of resettlement and pay land acquisition compensation fees in a timely manner to ensure the interests of the affected people.

160 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

Supplementary Appendix 12 Zhangye Subproject Environmental Impact Assessment Report

Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

Project name: ADB Financed Gansu (Zhangye) Urban Infrastructure Development and Wetland Protection Project

Environmental impact assessment Environmental impact report document type:

Commissioned by: ADB Financed Gansu (Zhangye) Urban Infrastructure Development and Wetland Protection Project Management Office

Prepared by: Lanzhou University Research Center for Environmental Quality Assessment

Date of preparation: October, 2011

2 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table of Contents

I. PANDECT ...... 1

1.1 PROJECT ORIGIN ...... 1 1.2 COMPILATION BASIS ...... 3 1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTION ZONING ...... 6 1.4 RANK AND SCOPE OF THE EVALUATION ...... 7 1.5 EVALUATION CRITERIA ...... 9 1.6 THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OBJECTIVES AND SENSITIVE POINT ...... 12 II. PROJECT SUMMARY AND ENGINEERING ANALYSIS ...... 14

2.1 CONSTRUCTION CONTENT OF WETLAND PROTECTION PROJECT ...... 15 2.2 INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ...... 24 III. THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ON THE AREA OF PROJECT CONSTRUCTION ...... 46

3.1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT INVESTIGATION ...... 46 3.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY ...... 53 3.3 THE INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE WETLAND IN NORTH SUBURB OF ZHANGYE ...... 55 3.5 INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN PROJECT AREA ...... 80 IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS FOR WETLAND PROTECTION PROJECT 98

4.1 ANALYSIS OF THE RATIONALITY OF PROJECT PROPOSALS ...... 98 4.2 INFLUENCE ANALYSIS ON PROTECTED OBJECTS OF NATURE RESERVE ...... 103 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS DURING CONSTRUCTION ...... 108 4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATING PERIOD ...... 112 V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ...... 115

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL RATIONALITY ANALYSIS OF PROJECT CONSTRUCTION ...... 115 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS DURING CONSTRUCTION ...... 119 5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FORECAST AND EVALUATION DURING OPERATION ...... 126 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT AND MEASURES ...... 155

6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ANALYSIS ...... 155 6.2 RISK PREVENTION MEASURES ...... 156 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES AND PROGRAM ...... 159

7.1 WETLAND PROTECTION PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 159 7.2 INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES .... 165 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ...... 173

8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ...... 173 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 182 8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PERSONAL TRAINING ...... 185 8.4 "THREE SIMULTANEOUS" ACCEPTANCE LIST ...... 186 IX. ECONOMIC PROFIT OR LOSS ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ...... 188

9.1 ECO-EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS ...... 188 X. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ...... 191

10.3 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND QUESTIONNAIRE AND RESULT STATISTICS ...... 191 10.4 PUBLIC HEARINGS ...... 196

3 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 10.5 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND PUBLIC NOTIFICATION ...... 196 XI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 197

11.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 198

Annex 1 Approval of environmental impact assessment of the proposed Zhangye Heihe National Nature Reserve project special articles

Annex 2 Zhangye Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau’ reply on the proposed project environmental impact assessment implementation standard

Annex 3 Approval of in Gansu Heihe River Basin middle reaches wetland restoration and management project environmental impact report

Annex 4 File of Zhangye City Heihe River Basin Management Bureau

Annex 5 Public participation

Annex 6 Monitoring Report

4 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report I. PANDECT

1.1 Project Origin

Zhangye City located in the middle of Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, linked to nickel city Jinchang and Wuwei in east, connected with Jiuquan steel city Jiayuguan in west, adjacented to Qinghai Province in south, bordered the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in north, is one of the ancient four counties, the important commercial port on the ancient "Silk Road," as well as state-level historical cultural city and the famous tourist city in the northwest of china. The city has one district (Ganzhou district) and five counties (Linze, Gaotai, Shandan, Minle and Sunan), Ganzhou district connected with Minle county is the political, economic and cultural center of Zhangye city, withLinze county in the West, Shandan county in the East, , with Qilian mountains which is connected to the Sunan Yugur autonomous county in the south, and Heli mountains which is bordered the Inner Mongolia autonomous region Alashan You Qi in the North. The Total length of Ganzhou district from east to west is 65 km; width from north to south is 98 km and the total land area of 4,240 km2.

Ganzhou district is located in the middle of Hexi corridor, north side of Qilian Mountains and middle reaches of Heihe River. Since ancient times has the reputation of "lush southern-type fields beyond the Great Wall", "half reed half temple" and" water pond", in the territory of Ganzhou district belongs to typical inland wetland system.where wetland area is vast with a number of reservoirs, is rich in river wetlands, Marsh and artificial wetland, thus water is sufficient. , ,

Wetlands are important natural resources, like forest and ocean, which are the most diversified natural and ecological landscape and one of the most important living environment of mankind. Wetland has multiple functions. Wetland has an irreplaceable role in flood control, runoff regulation, pollution control, climate regulation, landscaping and other aspects, it is not only the natural reservoirs on land, but also breeding and wintering ground for a number of wildlife resources, especially rare waterfowl, can provide water and food to humans. Wetland as a precious resource together with forests and ocean which are the world's three major marine ecosystems, known as the "kidney of the earth," is closely related to humans , and, has been paid worldwide attention and attached great importance to wetland.

Northern suburb wetland is located in northern suburbs of Zhangye City, closely linked with the city, located between longitude 100 ° 06'-100 ° 54 ', latitude 38 ° 32'-39 ° 24', zoning area of 4133 ha, east to Zhanghuo road, west to 312 national road Xinhe bridge section and Heihe River east coast, south to north ring road and north to the Lan-Xin Railway. Northern suburb wetland is complex wetland ecosystem composed of rivers, herbaceous marsh, wet meadow, artificial lakes, ponds, ditches and other artificial wetlands. Wetland type is diverse, and important component of the Zhangye oasis arid region fragile ecosystem, as well as playing roles in water conservation and water resources flood storage, water purification, maintenance of wetland biodiversity, combat desertification and improve the regional climate and other important ecological functions; As a regional key ecological support systems, is

1 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report great significance in maintenance of regional ecological security in Zhangye oasis and Heihe River Basin downstream.

Zhangye Binhe New District is located in the west of old town, north-east side closely linked with the Zhangye National Wetland Park，north-west side bordering Heihe River, planning area east to Kunlun Avenue, west to West Third Ring Road, south to South Third Ring Road, north to Binhe Avenue, covers an area of 26.4 km2. Zhangye Binhe New District positioned as based on landscape location advantages of Heihe River and Zhangye National Wetland park, develop service-oriented tertiary industry, highlight commerce and tourism services functions, form a new city district integrated administrative offices, business exhibition, education and scientific research, ecological living, dining and entertainment, tourism and leisure, complement cultural tourism resources with the main city, interactive develop with the construction of national wetland park, form a new driving force of urban development in Zhangye.

Locations of northern suburb wetland and Zhangye Binhe New District are shown in Figure 1.1-1. Some areas of northern suburb wetland are located in the experimental area of Zhangye Heihe River Wetland National Nature Reserve, the location relationship between the project and nature reserve is shown in Figure 1.1-2.

To actively promote the health development of Ganzhou wetland resources protection and rational development and utilization, ADB financed Gansu Province Zhangye City infrastructure development and wetland protection project management office proposed a project to developinfrastructure and wetland protection, in which wetland protection project located in the city northern suburb national wetland park, the main construction contents are wetland protection component and wetland restoration component. Infrastructure development subproject located in Binhe New District, which is closely linked with northern suburb wetland, the main construction contents are road networks, water supply and sewage works, storm water pipe networks in Zhangye Binhe New District. The main purport for wetland protection and infrastructure construction project is to take Heihe River wetland restoration and protection as the core of ecological construction, which leads the urban development. It is also a systemic project taking wetland protection and restoration as the orientation. Through protection and restoration of the Heihe River wetlands (Ganzhou section) as well as the development of Binhe New District to improve the city and the surrounding ecological environment, in order to achieve rational use and orderly development based on scientific protection, cultivate new economy growth point in this region and achieve sustainable economic and social development of the city. Through project development and construction to strengthen wetland protection, restore wetlands function and make effective use of wetland resources.

According to "Environmental Protection Law", "Construction Project Environmental Protection Management Regulations" and " Environmental Impact Assessment Law of People's Republic of China " and relevant environmental protection laws and regulations, ADB financed Gansu Zhangye City Infrastructure Development and Wetland Protection Project Management Office asked our center (Environmental Quality Assessment Center of

2 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Lanzhou University, national environmental assessment certificate No. 3701) to implement the project environmental impact assessment. After we accepted the entrustment, we organized thematic technical team to conduct field survey and data collection, and conducted EIA according to "Gansu infrastructure development and wetland protection project (Zhangye) Feasibility Study Report" and other relevant information. In July 2011 prepared "Zhangye Heihe National Nature Reserve environmental impact assessment special article of ADB financed Gansu province (Zhangye) infrastructure development and wetland protection project," Gansu provincial Environmental Protection Bureau [2011] Gan 22 (Annex 1) document approved special article on August 18, 2011. On this basis, completed EIA report of ADB financed Gansu province infrastructure development and wetland protection project.

1.2 Compilation Basis

1.2.1 State laws and regulations

Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (1989.12.26); Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People's Republic of China (2003.9.1); Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China (2004.8.28 second amendment); Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act of the People's Republic of China (2000.9.1); Water Pollution Prevention and Control Act of the People's Republic of China (2008.6.1); Environmental Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Act of People's Republic of China (1997.3.1); Solid Waste Pollution Environmental Prevention and Control Act of the People's Republic of China (2005.4.1); Nature Reserve Regulation of the People's Republic of China (1994.12.1); Water and Soil Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China (1991.6.29); Soil and Water Conservation Law Enforcement Regulations of the People's Republic of China (1993.8.1); Wildlife Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (2004.08.28 amendment); Wild Plants Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (1997.1.1); Guidelines of National eco-environmental protection (Guo Fa [2000] No. 38); State Council decision on the implementation of scientific concept of

3 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report development to strengthen environmental protection (Guo Fa [2005] No. 39); Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment Category Management List (2008.10.01); Construction Project Environmental Protection Management Regulations (State Council [1998] Order No. 253); Interim Measures on Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (Huan Fa [2006] No. 28);

1.2.2 Local laws and regulations

(1) "Gansu Environmental Protection Act (second amendment)" (2004.6.4); (2) "Gansu Provincial People's Government decision on issues concerning environmental protection" (Gan Zheng Fa Fa [1997] No. 12); (3) " Gansu Provincial people's Government approval on the water function zoning” (Gan Zheng letter [2007] No. 51); (4) Notice related to the implementation of public participation in environmental impact assessment of development projects in Gansu province and chapter preparation interim provisions (Gan Huan Kai Fa [2001]98); (5) "Eleventh Five-Year Gansu Environmental Protection Plan" (2008.7);

1.2.3 EIA technical specifications and standards

(1) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment –Master (HJ/T2.1-1993); (2) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment – Atmospheric Environment "(HJ/T2.2-2008); (3) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment – Surface Water Environment (HJ/T2.3-1993); (4) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment –Acoustic Environment (HJ/T2.4-2009); (5) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment –Ecological Impact (HJ 19-2011); (6) Construction project groundwater environmental impact assessment standards (DZ0225-2004); (7) Eco-environment evaluation technical specifications (for Trial Implementation) (HJ/T192-2006); (8) Nature reserve infrastructure management and protection technical specifications (HJ/T129-2003);

4 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report (9) Ambient air quality functions zoning principles and technical methods (HJ14-1996); (10) State Council issued notice on the National Ecological Environment Construction Plan (State Council issued [1998] No. 36); (11) State Council issued Notice on the Outline of National Ecological Environmental Protection (State Council issued [2000] No. 38);

1.2.4 Project-related information

(1) "Commission letter on conducting Gansu (Zhangye) infrastructure development and wetland protection project and wetland protection project environmental impact assessment” (Gansu infrastructure development and wetland protection project management office); Zhangye city 11th five-year plan for national economic and social development (Municipal Government); Ganzhou district 11th five-year plan for national economic and social development (Ganzhou district development and reform commission); Zhangye city records (Gansu province Zhangye city local records compilation Committee); "Zhangye City Master Plan (2004-2020)" (Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute, December 2004); "Ganzhou wetland protection and restoration project planning (2006-2030)" (Ganzhou Forestry Bureau); Ganzhou district wetland resources survey result report (Ganzhou district Forestry Bureau, 2004.11); Zhangye area land use plan (Gansu Zhangye Prefecture Administrative Office, 1998.11); "Regional Hydrological Geological Survey Report of Gansu Province Zhangye City” (The second hydrogeology and geology engineering team of geology bureau, 1998.8); "Wetland protection and restoration strategy study in Zhangye city (wetland protection and restoration strategy research group in Zhangye city, 2005.12.29)"; "Gansu infrastructure development and wetland protection project (Zhangye) - Feasibility Study Report" (China Northwest Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute); "Zhangye Heihe Wetland Nature Reserve Master Plan" (Nanjing Environmental Science Institute of Environmental Protection Department, December 2008);

5 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report "Zhangye City Environmental Quality Report (2006-2010)" (Zhangye Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau);

1.2.5 Reference and literature

(1) "Zhangye city wetland soil water content characteristics." "Zhangye City northern suburb wetland correlation analysis of soil organic matter and total nitrogen, total phosphorus." "Zhangye City urban area deep groundwater environmental quality state."

1.3 Environmental function zone

1.3.1 Water Environment

(1) The surface water environment

In Zhangye City, the main rivers are Shandan River and Heihe River, according to the "Gansu Province surface water environment protection functional categories " and the "People's Government of Gansu Province approval on the Gansu Province water function zoning " and "the evaluation and implementation standard that reply on the Gansu (Zhangye) urban infrastructure construction and wetland protection project environment along the line "issued by Zhangye Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau ([2011] No. 114, annex 2), project site water environment function zoning is as follows: Heihe River Bridge ~ Gaoya hydrological section are class III waters, Shandan alkali Beach ~ Heihe River Beach estuary are Class IV waters (see Figure 1.3-1).

(2) Groundwater environment

According to "the evaluation and implementation standard replied on the Gansu (Zhangye) urban infrastructure construction and wetland protection project environment along the line "issued by Zhangye Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau ([2011] No. 114, annex 2), groundwater quality of project area implement the "groundwater quality standards" (GB / T 14848-93), III class standard limits.

1.3.2 Atmospheric environment

Gansu (Zhangye) infrastructure development and wetland protection project is located in Ganzhou district of Zhangye City. According to "the evaluation and implementation standard reply on the Gansu (Zhangye) urban infrastructure construction and wetland protection project environment along the line "issued by Zhangye Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau ([2011] No. 114, annex 2), atmospheric environment quality within the wetland nature reserve is Class I, atmospheric environment quality within Binhe New district and northern suburb wetlands (excluding nature reserve) are Class Ⅱ.

6 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 1.3.3 Acoustic Environment

According to " notice on the issuance of Zhangye City acoustic environment quality control zoning plan issued by Ganzhou district people's government office " ((2010) No. 270)" ([2010] No. 270) and "the evaluation and implementation standard reply on the Gansu (Zhangye) urban infrastructure construction and wetland protection project environment along the line "issued by Zhangye Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau ([2011] No. 114, annex 2), northern suburb wetlands and Binhe New district (except plaza in Binhe New district) are class I acoustic environmental function zone.

1.4 Rank and scope of the evaluation

According to environmental impact assessment classification principles such as atmosphere, surface water environment, acoustic environment, non-pollution-ecological and environmental risks in the "Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines" (HJ/T2.1-93, HJ/T2.2-2008, HJ/T2.3-93, HJ2.4-2009, HJ 19-2011, and HJ/T169-2004), combined with the engineering characteristics of proposed projects, the thematic evaluation grade of this evaluation work is determined as follows:

1.4.1 Eco-environmental evaluation

Evaluation grade: proposed project has two parts of wetland protection and infrastructure construction, infrastructure construction subproject located in Binhe District, is the general area; the part of wetland protection project construction content (wetland protection station, and monitoring center and other construction) is located in Zhangye Heihe River wetland national nature reserve experimental area Ganzhou section. According to the “environmental impact assessment guidelines-ecological impact” (HJ19-2011), evaluated project construction on particular ecological sensitive area in northern suburb wetland, ecological evaluation grade is class I, Zhangye northern suburb wetland is impact and evaluation area, as shown in Figure 1.6-1.

The infrastructure construction subproject is located in Binhe New District, administrative divisions under the Xindun Township. Infrastructure construction projects composed of Binhe New District road network, water supply, sewage and storm water pipe network and other ancillary works; project construction’ impact on the ecological environment is mainly project site change the land-use nature of the project area, and impact on the ecological environment. Therefore, this evaluation on infrastructure construction projects in Binhe New District ecological assessment grade is class III, bounded by geographical units, scope of the evaluation is Xindun Township.

1.4.2 Evaluation of water environment

(1) The surface water environment

The main surface water influenced by the proposed project is the Heihe River, "surface water

7 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report environmental quality standard" (GB3838-2002) class III standard was applied. Wastewater during the construction period mainly from the construction wastewater of production and domestic wastewater of construction personnel, and many generated and discharged in scatter situation, emissions are relatively small, and water structure is simple; Wastewater generated during the operation period mainly from road cleaning, dripping wastewater during transportation, has less impact on the water environment. Thus, according to the relevant standards in "Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines - surface water environment" (HJ/T2.3-93), the surface water environment impact assessment grade for this time is class III.

(2) Groundwater environment

According to the relevant provisions of "Environmental Impact Assessment guidelines - groundwater environment" (HJ610-2011), the proposed project is Class Ⅰ construction projects, the project area is not sensitive to the groundwater environment, amount of sewage discharge during construction and operation period is smaller, sewage water is simple, have less environmental impact on groundwater, the groundwater environment impact assessment grade for this time is class III.

1.4.3 Atmospheric environmental assessment

Major air pollutants of the proposed project during construction period are TSP, SO2, dust and other substances. Major air pollutants from Binhe New District road network vehicle exhaust emissions during operating period are NO2 and CO, based on evaluation classification principles of the "Environmental Impact Assessment guidelines - Atmospheric Environment " (HJ / T 2.2-2008) ,newly and expansion projects construction such as urban expressway, trunk road and other main urban road, should consider the impact of traffic line source on environmental protection objectives, the evaluation grades should meet the requirements of class Ⅱ. Therefore, the project focused on forecasting and analysis of atmospheric environmental impact assessment of road network project, evaluation grade is class II, mainly focusing on evaluation of road network construction influence on atmospheric environment.

Scope of the evaluation includes area within 200m of both sides of the road centerline, construction sites and material sites outside the edge of 200m.

1.4.4 Sound Environmental Assessment

Noise sources during construction period of the proposed project mainly from construction site machinery noise, point sources, as temporary noise sources, noise will eliminate with the end of construction period. Noise sources during operation period are mainly traffic noise. The project acoustic environment zoning is Class 1 areas established in GB3096, sensitive point increase volume in the evaluation scope before and after the construction reached 3dB. According to the relevant provisions in "Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines - Acoustic Environment" (HJ2.4-2009), clarify the sound environmental impact assessment grade is class II, focusing on evaluation of road network construction on the surrounding

8 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report sound environment.

Linear engineering evaluation scope is area within 200m of both sides of the road centerline, site engineering acoustic environment impact assessment scope is 100m outside the site boundary.

1.5 Evaluation Criteria

1.5.1 Environmental Quality Standards

(1) Environmental impact assessment and current air status implement "Ambient Air Quality Standard" (GB3095-1996) secondary standards, see table 1.5-1.

Table 1.5-1 secondary standard limit value of ambient air quality standards (extract) （mg/m3）

Name of pollutants SO2 NO2 CO TSP The annual Second-level limit values 0.06 0.08 / 0.20 average of concentration in GB3095-1996 Daily average 0.15 0.12 4.00 0.30

1-hour mean 0.50 0.24 10.00 /

Environmental impact assessment and surface water current status implement “Surface water quality standards”（GB3838-2002）class III standards, see table 1.5-2.

Table 1.5-2 Class III surface water environmental quality standard value (extract)

Unit: mg / L, except pH value Item Class III Item Class III Water temperature ( ) Week average maximum Selenium temperature ≤ 1 0.01 Week average maximum temperature drop ≤ 2 PH value (dimensionless) 6-9 Arsenic 0.05 Dissolved oxygen 5 Mercury 0.0001 Salt permanganate index 6 CD 0.0005 Chemical oxygen demand Chromium 20 0.05 (COD) (hexavalent) Five biochemical oxygen Lead 4 0.05 demand (BOD5) Ammonia (NH3-N) 1.0 Cyanide 0.2 Total phosphorus (as p) 0.2 Volatile phenols 0.005 Total nitrogen 1.0 Petroleum oil 0.05 Copper 1.0 Anionic surfactants 0.2 Zinc 1.0 Sulfide 0.2 Fluoride (F-terms) 1.0 Coliform (/L) 10000

9 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Environmental impact assessment and groundwater current status implement “Groundwater quality standards” （GB14848-93）secondary standards, see Table 1.5-3.

Table 1.5-3 Class III groundwater environmental quality standard value (extract) Unit: mg / L, except pH value

Coliform total hardness 6+ Volatile Item pH As Hg Cr (A/l) (mg/L) phenols Standar ≤3.0 6.5-8.5 ≤450 ≤0.05 ≤0.001 ≤0.05 ≤0.002 d value Smell Color Nitrate Permanganate Item Ammonia Lead Fluoride and (degrees (As N) index (mg/L) taste ) Standar ≤20 ≤3.0 ≤0.2 ≤0.05 ≤1.0 无 ≤15 d value

Environmental impact assessment and sound environment current status implement “"sound environment quality standards” （GB14848-93）class Ⅰ,4a standards, see table 1.5-4.

Table 1.5-4 urban regional environmental noise standard value (extract) unit: Leq(dB) category Daytime At night 1 55 45 4a 70 55

1.5.2 Pollutant emission standards

(1) Sewage discharge standard

Sewage discharge during project construction period Implement "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996) class Ⅰ standard, shown in Table 1.5-7. Sewer system in Binhe New District sewage treatment plant during Project operating period implement "sewage discharged into the city sewer pipe water quality standards" (CJ3082-1999). Specific standard values in Table 1.5-5.

Table 1.5-5 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards (GB8978-1996)

Unit: mg/L

Item PH SS CODcr BOD5 Ammonia Petroleum oil Class Ⅰ 6-9 70 100 20 15 10 standard

Table1.5-8 sewage discharged into the city sewer pipe water quality standards （CJ3082-1999） unit: mg/L Suspended Project Name pH value COD Petroleum oil solids Cr Maximum 6.0～9.0 400 500 20

10 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report allowable concentration

(2) Emission standards for sound environment

Noise sources of the proposed project during the construction period are mainly mechanical noise; Noise sources of the proposed project during the operation period mainly traffic noise; Project construction period implement "Construction site boundary noise limits" (GB12523-90) standards; Vehicle type classification implement " motor vehicles allowed noise" (GB1495-79), specific criteria values see table 1.5-6, 1.5-7.

Table 1.5-6 Construction site boundary noise limits

Unit: Leq(dB) Noise limits Construction stage The main noise source Daytime At night Earth and stone Bulldozers, excavators, loaders, and 75 55 other Pile driving Prohibition of Various hammers 85 construction Structure Concrete mixer, vibration rods, electric 70 55 saw Decoration Crane, lift 65 55

Table 1.5-7 Motor vehicle allowed noise standards Types of vehicles maximum allowable noise level of vehicles not greater than 8t≤Load≤15t 89 Truck 3.5t≤load≤8t 86 load≤3.5t 84 Light off-road vehicles 84 4t＜The total weight＜11t 86 Bus The total weight＜4t 83 car 82 Motorcycle 84 Wheeled tractor（below 60 horsepower） 86

Ambient air

The major air pollutants of the proposed projects during construction period are TSP, SO2, dust and other substances, implement "Air Pollutant Emission Standards" (GB16297-1996) class Ⅱstandards, detailed in Table 1.6-7.

Table 1.6-7 “Air Pollutant Emission Standard” (GB16297-1996) (class Ⅱ) Project Fugitive emission monitoring concentration limits（mg/m3）

11 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

SO2 0.4 The highest concentration point NOx 0.12 outside the perimeter Particulate matter 1.0

1.6 The environmental protection objectives and sensitive point

Wetland Protection Project area in the proposed project is far from population centers, infrastructure construction located in Binhe New District of Zhangye City Xindun township, the status is typical rural environment, distributed villages and farmland. According to "Zhangye City Binhe New District Regulatory Detailed Plan" for the position of the Binhe New District: characterized by waterfront development and construction, form an important economic development pole, promote the development of district administrative center and eco-tourism, form an modern livable new area integrated with administrative office, leisure living, eco-tourism, research and education and transportation business. According to the Binhe New District land planning, after implementation of the planning, both sides of the road network willdistribute a large number of residential buildings and residential land. Proposed project environmentally sensitive points and protection objectives see table 1.6-1 and figure 1.6-1 (situation map), Figure 1.6-2 (planning map).

12 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

Table 1.6-1 Distribution of the proposed project sensitive points Project Environment Environmentally sensitive point relationship Protection objectives contents Elements District-level protection, Northwest typical inland rivers wetlands, and monitoring centers, Rescue aquatic ecosystems and biological diversity in Center, Wujiang Xidahu concede China; important channels and habitat for farmland to swamp project, wetland rare birds and migration bird Zhangye wetland national habitat restoration project and represented by black stork Important water Nature reserve other projects are all located conservation and aquatic habitats in middle and Wetland Ecological within the Zhangye wetland lower reaches of Heihe river; oasis vegetation in protection environment national nature reserve Northwestern desert region and typical inland project river natural landscape. Wildlife Habitat for Eagle OWL, upland Zhangye heihe national nature Wildlife Habitat buzzard and other rare species reserve in Ganzhou district Natural wetlands Zhangye northern suburb Northwest Typical Inland River wetland Wetland Planned residential areas, hospitals, Binhe new district planning schools and so on along the road, sensitive points including Zhangye hotel which under construction, residential areas such as Yuxiu huayuan,shuijing huayuan, Ning he yuan,Binhe xiaozhne, Jinan Sound shuixiang Sound environmental quality reach class Ⅰ environment and standards atmospheric environmental quality Infrastructure atmospheric Beiguan village, Liuquan village, Baita current situation sensitive point Ⅱ construction environment village, Qingsong village, Nanhua of Road network and water reach class standards project village, Xiguan village; supply plant Nanzha village, Hua’er village, Chengerzha village Bayi village and Suijiasi 12villages; New Town police station and town courts Water Heihe bridge∼ Gaoya hydrologic Water environment quality reach class III environment station standard

13 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report II. PROJECT SUMMARY AND ENGINEERING ANALYSIS

ADB financed Gansu urban infrastructure development and wetland protection project located in Ganzhou district of Zhangye city, Gansu province, the location is shown in Figure 1.1-1. Proposed projects include Zhangye northern suburb wetland protection project and Binhe New Area infrastructure development project.

The totally investment of the proposed project is 718.8896 million Yuan, in which the construction and installation cost: $ 599.8968 million, other capital costs: $ 55.0899 million, the preparatory costs: 52.3989 million Yuan, loan interest during construction period is $ 11.504 million.

(1) Wetland protection project

Project location: wetland protection subproject located in the Zhangye northern suburb wetland, Zhangye northern suburb wetland is east to Zhanghuo road, north to Lanzhou-Xinjiang railway, west to east bank of Heihe River, south to north first ring road. ②Construction content: Gansu Heihe River basin wetland protection subproject is to protect the wetland eco-system formed together by rare water birds and their habitats, to develop wetland protection, wetland restoration, biodiversity conservation, scientific research, education and publicity, ecological construction, and other general engineering in Zhangye northern suburb wetland and Binhe New Area. Zhangye Heihe wetland national nature reserve experimental area in Ganzhou district located in Zhangye northern suburb wetland, so part of construction of wetland protection project are in Zhangye Heihe wetland national nature reserve experimental area. Relationship between project and nature reserve is shown in Figure 1.1-2.

The project includes wetland protection project, wetland restoration project and sustainable utilization project.

Wetland protection project mainly includes the wetland protection station, monitoring center, education and publicity center, ambulance center, boundary stone, boundary maker, observation towers and other building.

Wetland restoration project mainly includes converting farmland to wetland, wetland vegetation restoration and habitat restoration project;

Infrastructure development project

Project location: Zhangye Binhe New Area. Zhangye Binhe New Area is closely connected with Zhangye northern suburb wetland, which is east to national state road 312, north to Heihe Bank, south to Xindun wasteland.

Construction content:

Road network engineering: 21 roads in Zhangye Binhe New Area are the North Third Ring

14 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Road, Linze North Road, Huota Road, North Second Ring Road, Zhaowu Road, Juyan Road, Xuanhua Road, South Third Ring Road, Gaotai North Road, Yonggu East Road, Minle North Road, Xuefu Road, Sunan North Road, and Xincheng North Road, Xincheng South Road, Liaoquan road, Minghai West Road, and Minghai East Road, Banqiao Road, Yongkang Road and Wulan Road, totally about 45 km long.

Sewer pipe laying project: sewage pipe lay along the landscape road south of wetland and North Third Ring Road, laying of trunk pipe of about 18.8km, subsidiary pipe of 7.8km, branch pipe of 23km.

Rainwater pipeline laying project

Water supply engineering includes mainly water supply plant and water transportation distribution networks.

2.1 Construction content of wetland protection project

Proposed wetland protection projects are shown in table 2.1-1, wetland protection project the position map shown in Figure 2.1-1.

Table 2.1-1 List of ADB financed Zhangye wetland protection project Price (ten Within the # Item Unit Quantity thousand protection yuan) area or not Part Wetland protection 7433 1 Wetland protection works 2553 1.1 Wetland protection station 780 1.1.1 District level station m2 2000 600 √ 1.1.2 Township level station st 3 180 1.2 Wetland border marker 111 1.2.1 Cement marker piece 300 15 1.2.2 Stall marker piece 3200 64 1.2.3 Tablet marker piece 16 32 1.3 Habitat protection 420 √Watch tower ten-li away city is 1.3.1 Watch tower tower 3 120 within the protection area 1.3.2 Aid station m2 1000 300 √ 1.4 Wetland patrol facilities 790 1.4.1 SUV car 2 60 1.4.2 Motor cycle bike 20 10 1.4.3 Communication tools item 20 20 1.4.4 Fire-fighting tools item 1000 500

15 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Price (ten Within the # Item Unit Quantity thousand protection yuan) area or not 1.4.5 Disease control package 4 200 1.5 Public security 452 1.5.1 Public security office m2 1000 300 1.5.2 Security vehicle vehicle 1 35 1.5.3 Office equipment package 5 10 1.5.4 Communication tools package 5 5 1.5.5 Information acquisition device package 1 100 1.5.6 Archive management package 1 2

Table 2.1-1 (continued) List of ADB financed Zhangye wetland protection project Price (ten Within the # Item Unit Quantity thousand protection yuan) area or not 2 Wetland education 1930 2.1 advertisement item 6 120 2.2 Education campaign 210 2.2.1 Education board item 20 10 2.2.2 Education center equipment package 2 200 2.3 Education center 1600 2.3.1 Education center m2 5000 1500 2.3.2 Education center facilities package 1 100 3 Research monitoring 2300 3.1 Resource survey 100 3.2 Monitoring station 1200 3.2.1 Positioned monitoring station station 1 150 3.2.2 Monitoring point point 10 50 3.2.3 Monitoring facility package 10 1000 3.3 Monitoring center 1000 3.3.1 District monitoring center m2 3000 900 √ 3.3.2 Monitoring appliance package 1 100 4 Wetland nature reserve 650 √ 4.1 Nature reserve in Ganzhou 1 650 Part Wetland rehabilitation 2940 1 Conversion to wetland hm2 40 600 1.1 Conversion at Beijiao hm2 10 150 1.2 Conversion at Wujiang hm2 30 450 √ 2 rehabilitation 540 2.1 Reed belt in east city hm2 40 40

16 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Price (ten Within the # Item Unit Quantity thousand protection yuan) area or not 2.2 Restoration in Heihe hm2 500 500 3 Habitat rehabilitation 1800 3.1 Wetland fencing at Xidahu hm2 300 600 √ 3.2 Wetland fencing at northeast city hm2 200 400 √ 3.3 Black river bank hm2 400 800 √

Note: mark√ in last column for the project within the protection area.

Wetland protection project totally invest 103.73 million, in which wetland protection project invest 74.33 million, wetland restoration project invest $ 19.3 million.

2.1.1 Wetland protection project summary

Wetland protection project mainly includes the wetland protection and management project, wetland education and publicity project, scientific research, wetland nature reserve construction and so on.

(1) Wetland protection station construction

To further strengthen the management of wetland resources in the project area, to reduce the effects of human disturbance on wetland resources to a minimum, it is proposed to construct 2000m2 of district wetland protection station and 3 township wetland protection stations depending on the wetland resource distribution within the project area, and on the basis of analysis transport, water, electricity, communications and other basic supplies and personnel, vehicles and other interference sources. Of which district wetland protection is located in the tenth community of Xindun town near Zhang-Jing (Zhangye-Jing’an) highway, 3 township wetland protection stations are located near Wujiang town Xiejiawan village Xinhe Bridge, Xichengyi forest farm Heihe Bank forest guard station and Wujiang town Jingyi village near the West Great Lake. Wetland Protection station buildings are detailed in table 2.

Table 2.1-2 Wetland protection station construction scale unit: m2, set Name of Constructi Building Office # protection Construction sites on scale structure equipment station brick-concr Liuquan the tenth community of Xindun 1 2000 ete-structur 20 protection station town Liuquan village ed brick-concr Xinhe Bridge Wujiang town Xiejiawan village 2 100 ete-structur 1 protection station Xinhe Bridge ed brick-concr Heihe Bank Xichengyi forest farm Heihe 3 100 ete-structur 1 protection station Bank forest guard station ed 4 Jingyi protection Wujiang town Jingyi village 100 brick-concr 1

17 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report station ete-structur ed Total 2300 23

Wildlife and habitat protection area construction

Wetland is a concentrated region that Black Stork, Swan, red Falcon and other rare wildlife distributed. In order to facilitate rescue, protect the rare wild animals, to establish a wildlife aid station in Heihe Bank, construction area is 1000m2; build 20m high observation towers respectively in Xinggong ten-li away from city, Heihe Bank, and West Great Lake in wetland protection center area, meanwhile built cage, fence facilities, and provide assistance and treatment device.

Boundary stone, boundary marker, sign board construction

To clear wetland resources distribution boundaries, limit of human disturbance and destruction activities on wetland natural resources in the region plays a dual role of warning and direction, it is needed and badges to repair and set up new boundary maker and sign board along the original boundary maker and sign board sites. Specific project locations and specifications are shown in table 2.1-3.

Wetland patrol facilities construction

Northern suburb wetland area in project area is large, wetland wildlife distributions are more concentrated, human activity in the region is also very frequently, to achieve the full size management and protection of wetland resources from external to internal, it is proposed to purchase 2 patrol off-road vehicles and 20 motorcycles, 20 communication tools, 1000 fire prevention tools and 4 sets of animal disease control tool.

Wetland police station construction

To enhance construction of wetland public security facilities, 1000m2 wetland police station office has been established at the entrance to Binhe New Area, provided with 1 public security vehicle, 5 sets of office equipment, 5 sets of communication equipment, 1 set of information acquisition device, 1 set of file management device.

Table 2.1-3 Boundary stone, boundary marker, sign board unit: piece Name of quant # Construction sites material specification buildings ity Set boundary stone in wetland Boundary 1 protection boundary and 300 - stone intersection of Jiaotong Road

Set 1 boundary marker every 20×30×150cm Boundary 100m along wetland protection reinforced 2 3200 Layout spacing： stone boundary, in terrain-complex area concrete － add boundary marker 200 500m At the intersection of east ring rod, 200×120×30cm Zhangjing road, state road 312 reinforced Buried depth 3 sign board 16 and other main road access to concrete should not less wetland protection area, pass in than 50cm

18 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report and out section and tourist attractions to set sign board with the function of strong indication, advocacy and vigilance.

Education and publicity center

Wetland protection is a very strong social welfare undertaking, involving farming, forestry, water and many other aspects, it relies on the joint efforts of the whole society. Effective protection and rational use of wetland resources depends heavily on publicizing and education to raise awareness of wetland. Therefore, make full use of various communication tools, widely publicized important role of wetland and the importance of protecting wetland. It is proposed to establish 1 education and publicity center combined with the building of scientific research center and bird banding station, an area of 5000m2, with brick and concrete structure, equipped with 1 set of education and publicity equipment. For the purpose of carrying out propaganda and education work, it is proposed to product 6 pieces of plate with stainless steel frame, make 20 pieces of wetland exhibition board, 2 sets of wetland education and publicity facility, and print 10,000 copies promotional pages, wall charts and other information material.

Wetland surveys and monitoring scientific research and monitoring of wetland protection in project area is basically blank, without any infrastructure and equipment, but scientific research and monitoring of wetland ecosystem changes is the basis for wetland resources protection, management and rational utilization, this project aims to focus on strengthening the construction of the following facilities, raise the level of wetland protection, resource management and scientific research.

① proposed to carry out once every 5 years periodic surveys and surveillance to project area wetland resources, investigation method takes a combination of comprehensive survey and sample monitoring. Comprehensive survey aimed at mastering wetland resources feature of "quantity" at a certain time; sample monitoring focused on collection of "qualitative" changes of wetland resources by setting fixed sample sites, including vegetation density, biomass, structural characteristics of wetland ecosystem types, species composition, structure and physiological and biochemical characteristics of dominant populations.

② wetland monitoring network construction

To ensure normal functioning of the wetland investigation and monitoring, a wetland ecosystem positioning observatory station withan area of 500m2 is established, 11 fixed plots is proposed to be established, the specification size of pilot is 10mx10m, enclosed with barbed wire fences around, set sign board aside. Meanwhile, equipped with fax machines, printer, computer, interphone, GPS, digital camera and corresponding instrument device, carried out regularly monitoring on area range within of wetland terrain, climate, soil and other natural environment indicators, atmospheric, water, soil and other environment pollution indicators, plant, animal, endangered species, biological productivity and other biological indicators, social economic indicators, wetland resources and social economic

19 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report dynamic changes indicators, ecological benefit, social benefit, economic benefits and other integrated benefit indicators situation within jurisdiction. Monitoring network layout is described in table 2.

Table 2.1-4 Setting number and layout of fixed sample plot Quantity of Number of Located wetland # Located town Located village sample plot sample plot area Northern suburb 1 Xindun town Liuquan village 1 Sample 1 wetland Northern suburb 2 Xindun town Baita village 1 Sample 2 wetland Northern suburb 3 Sanzha town Sanzha village 1 Sample 3 wetland Ynagqiao temple 4 Sanzha town Town forest farm 1 Sample 4 Bank Sample 5 5 Wujiang town Jingyi village 2 West great lake Sample 6 6 Wujiang town Guanzhai village 1 Sample 7 Heihe main river 7 Wujiang town Xiaowan village 1 Sample 8 Heihe main river 8 Jing’an town Jiang’an village 1 Sample 9 Heihe main river Xichengyi forest 9 Heihe Bank 1 Sample 10 Heihe main river farm Northern suburb Northern suburb 10 Garden station 1 Sample 11 new area wetland Total 11

③ Wetland monitoring center construction

Proposed to construct 1 district level wetland monitoring center, with a building area of 3000m2, equipped with 1 set of corresponding research analysis and test device. Scientific Research Center located within wetland landscape architecture resource management and protection station of industrial park northern suburb of the project area, the housing structure is brick and concrete structure.

④ Wetland nature reserve construction

To build newly 1 wetland reserve, that is a municipal wetland reserve of Ganzhou suburban reed herbaceous swamp. Through strengthening wetland nature reserve construction and management and coordination of water resources, strengthening basin integrated management, to protect wetland biological diversity, especially protect well breeding habitats and migration stop-over of national Larus relictus, Black Stork and other national Ⅰlevel protection birds ash crane, demoiselle crane, large Swan, small Swan, whooper swan and other national II level protection birds, play ecological function of Heihe river basin wetland to provide water resources, regulate climate, conserve water, homogenize flood, accelerate reclaim and make land, degrade pollutant and protect biological diversity, and improve wetland protection and management capabilities significantly.

20 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 2.1.2 Wetland restoration project overview

Zhangye wetland is a typical example of diverse ecosystems. Recover and protect the damaged wetland ecological system and structure-reasonable wetland food chain, achieve the diversity of flora and fauna ecosystems and stability of wetland ecosystem are the important goal of Zhangye Heihe wetland protection project. Through returning farmland to wetland, enclosure in key regional and other measures, wetland restoration project recover wetland original ecological landform, form large reed jungle, shallow ford, beautiful beach bank line and scenery line, while improve natural productivity of wetland and around environment, make it has self-update ability, and make surrounding soil status get improved, create conditions for vegetation recovery, enhance life vitality of city wetland system, maximum play environment benefit of wetland, realize sustainable development of urban wetland environment.

Wetland restoration project composed by converting farmland to swamp, vegetation restoration and habitat restoration components.

(1) Demonstration project of converting farmland to swamp

For the opened wasteland and low land with serious low water supplement, desertification, salinization, but rich wetland biodiversity, we implement returning farmland to swamp project, establish 2 pilot sites of urban north suburb and Wujiang West Great Lake, with a total area of 40hm2, specific project situation is outlined in table 2.1-5.

Table 2.1-5 Demonstration project overview of converting farmland to swamp # Name Specific scope Area（hm2） urban north East to Zhangye industrial park Kunlun avenue, south to 1 suburb wetland urban north ring road, west to state road 312, north to Lan-xin 10 pilot railway West Great East to Wujiang town Donghu village, south to Mingyong 2 Lake wetland town Xia’ai village, west to Ta’er channel, north to Lan-xin 30 pilot railway

(2) Wetland vegetation restoration project

This project aims to establish 2 wetland restoration demonstration pilots, with an area of 540hm2. of which urban east ring road reed belt 40hm2, Heihe trunk and branch canals reed 500hm2, specific project situation are outlined in table 2.1-6.

Table 2.1-6 of wetland vegetation restoration project overview # Name Specific scope Area（hm2） urban east ring road 1 Ganzhou urban reed belt around the city 40 reed belt Heihe trunk and Reed pond formed by the tail water from Heihe trunk 2 500 branch canals reed and branch canals

(3) Habitat restoration project

Through implementing enclosure, intensify priority protection and recovery of the regional

21 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report birds' habitat, breeding spot and stop-over, establish fixed publicity tablet and brand, improve the degraded swamp grassland, recover natural vegetation and waterfowl habitat, prohibit human activities interference on balance state of wetland water resources and biological diversity, maintain self-repair function of wetland ecological system, recover wetland area for birds habitat, breeding spot and stop-over, reach the purpose of original ecological recovery.

Project aims to establish 3 habitat restoration demonstration sites withan area of 900hm2, of which vegetation enclosure in West Great Lake Beach wetland is 300hm2, wetland park and Xinggong wetland ten-li from city 200hm2, Heihe Beach wetland 400hm2. Specific project situation is outlined in table 2.1-7.

Table 2.1-7 Habitat restoration project overviews # Name Specific scope Area（hm2） West Great Lake Beach 1 Wujiang West Great Lake Beachalong Heihe 300 wetland wetland park and Xinggong wetland park and Xinggong wetland ten-li 2 200 wetland ten-li from city from city in Zhangye industrial park Heihe Beach forested area of Xichengyi forest 3 Heihe Beach wetland 400 farm

2.1.3 Nature reserve project overview

Proposed Zhangye wetland protection project construction area located within experimental area of Heihe national nature reserve (Ganzhou section), according to the nature reserve location map distribution and engineering construction sites distribution, specific construction content of proposed project located in protected area is shown in table 2.1-1 and Figure 2.1-1. Nature reserve construction works includes following sections:

(1) District-level protection station

Proposed to construct a district-level protection station, with an area of 2000m2, located in the tenth community of Xindun town Liuquan village near Zhang-Jing Highways, adopt frame structure, construction categories: Ⅱ class; Fire resistance rating: Ⅰ level; seismic fortification intensity: 7, roofing waterproof grade: III level, the design life span are 50 years. House structure of township wetland protection station is brick and concrete structure, reasonable service life is 50 years. Class c building, fire resistance rating is Ⅱ level, waterproof grade is III level.

Protection should strengthen registration and check on the personnel and vehicles in and out wetland, strictly prohibit behavior of grazing, woodcutter and hunting wild animals, limit the activities that impact the wildlife, such as range of whistling, driving at night, protect security of wetland animal and plant resources.

(2) Construction of wildlife and its habitat protection area

Proposed to establish a wildlife aid station on Heihe Basin, with an area of 1000m2; build observation towers respectively in Xinggong ten-li away from city, Heihe Bank, and West

22 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Great Lake in wetland protection center area, meanwhile built cage, fence facilities, and provide assistance, treatment, domestication and breeding device. Of which wildlife aid station and Xinggong ten-li away from city observation tower is within experimental area of the protected areas.

Observation tower use steel structure, 11m high, staircase is 1.2m wide, the bottom is bird watching platform, 3m long, 4m wide, bird watching landscape box is 5.9m l, 2.5m w, 2.5m high, Φ219 steel tube is used up and down, side withΦ140 steel pipe, bird landscape box cable use 30P cable; bird watching tower pillar Φ325~180 tapered steel pipe, cable useΦ 30P cable, equipped with observation and communications equipment. At the same time built cage, fence facilities, and provide assistance, treatment, domestication and breeding device. Observation tower effect diagram is shown in Figure 2.1-2.

2.1-2 Observation tower effect diagram 2.1-3 Enclosure and fence plan of wetland restoration project

(3) Wetland monitoring center

Proposed to construct 1 district level wetland monitoring center, with an area of 3000m2, equipped with 1 set of scientific and research analysis and test device. Scientific and research center is situated at the east bank of the Gengming canal, at the southeast corner of Liuquan recreation and arts center (see in the sustainable utilization distribution map), build with the bird banding station, housing structure is brick and concrete structure.

(4) Converting farmland to swamp project in Wujiang West Great Lake

Specific scope is east to Wujiang town Donghu village, south to Mingyong town Xia’ai village, west to Ta’er Canal and North to Lanzhou-Xinjiang railway. The total area of converting farmland to swamp project is 30hm2.

(5) Habitat restoration project

Wetland vegetation enclosure of Western Great Lake, North-East suburb garden station and wetland enclosure project of Heihe Beach area is respectively 300hm2, 200hm2 and 400hm2, wetland restoration process design of enclosure is shown in Figure 2.1-3.

23 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Through implementing enclosure, intensify priority protection and recovery of the regional birds habitat, breeding spot and stop-over, establish fixed publicity tablet and brand, improve the degraded swamp grassland, recover natural vegetation and waterfowl habitat, prohibit human activities interference on balance state of wetland water resources and biological diversity, maintain self-repair function of wetland ecological system, recover wetland area for birds habitat, breeding spot and stop-over, reach the purpose of original ecological recovery.

2.2 Infrastructure development

Proposed project infrastructure construction is located in the New Area of Zhangye Binhe, major construction includes roads and ancillary works, water supply pipe network, sewage pipe network and water plant and so on.

2.2.1 Roads and roads ancillary works

2.2.1.1 Route bearing

The project designs 21 roads, totally 45163.04 m long, the proposed site is farmland now, part are houses, according to the resettlement plan, all households will be get overall arrangement, therefore except for the road impact by Lanzhou-Xinjiang railway second-line, other road planar lines are all in accordance with the plan to implement (intersect between Huota road, Zhaowu road and Lanzhou-Xinjiang railway), in planning the north second ring road has a go point, corner is 14 degree, design to use round curve of 1500m radius, curve length is 357m, the remaining road planning is straight line, which meets standards of urban road design standard road.

Road floor layout is shown in Figure 2.2-1.

24 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Figure 2.2-1 Road floor layout

2.2.1.2 Major technical standards

Main design indexes of proposed road are shown in table 2.2-1.

25 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 2.2-1 key design objectives of Binhe New Area proposed road Road Desig Road length ROW Transaction Road # Road name Starting point Ending point width n （m） Width (m) layout classification （m） speed West second ring 1 North Third Ring Road East ring road 2464.805 23 60 three-lane road Urban main road 50 road 2 North Linze Road Binhu road Xuanhua Road 3169.732 23 48 three-lane road Urban main road 50 West third ring West second 3 Huota Road 2837.781 23 48 three-lane road Urban main road 50 road ring road North Second Ring West third ring 4 East ring road 5955.656 22 45 three-lane road Urban main road 50 Road road West third ring West second 5 Zhaowu Road 2853.773 22 45 three-lane road Urban main road 50 road ring road North third ring 6 Juyan Road North ring road 1799.497 22 45 three-lane road Urban main road 50 road West second 7 Xuanhua Road North Linze Road 1088.577 22 45 three-lane road Urban main road 50 ring road West second 8 South Third Ring Road Danxia road 3113.698 22 45 three-lane road Urban main road 50 ring road urban secondary 9 North Gaotai Road Binhu road Liaoquan road 1885.152 15 40 three-lane road 40 main road West second urban secondary 10 East Yonggu Road North Linze Road 1094.782 27 30 one-lane road 40 ring road main road urban secondary 11 North Minle Road Binhu road Weiba road 3680.701 27 30 one-lane road 40 main road North Third Ring urban secondary 12 Xuefu Road North ring road 1841.287 27 30 one-lane road 40 Road main road urban secondary 13 North Sunan Road Binhu road Zhaowu road 1365.311 27 30 one-lane road 40 main road 14 North Xincheng Road North Second Wulan road 298.483 27 30 one-lane road urban secondary 40

26 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Road Desig Road length ROW Transaction Road # Road name Starting point Ending point width n （m） Width (m) layout classification （m） speed Ring Road main road urban secondary 15 South Xincheng Road Zhaowu road Huota road 873.693 27 30 one-lane road 40 main road North Gaotai West second urban secondary 16 Liaoquan Road 1954.631 27 30 one-lane road 40 Road ring road main road West Third Ring Through shiwu urban secondary 17 West Minghai Road 1100.196 27 30 one-lane road 40 Road road main road Through Shisi West second urban secondary 18 East Minghai Road 1370.24 27 30 one-lane road 40 road ring road main road urban secondary 19 Banqiao Road Xuefu road East ring road 1684.066 27 30 one-lane road 40 main road North Third Ring 20 Yongkang Road North ring road 1770.263 20 25 one-lane road Urban branch road 30 Road West Third Ring West second 21 Wulan Road 2960.717 20 25 one-lane road Urban branch road 30 Road ring road

27 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report (1) Road cross section design

a) vertical section design

Road vertical design elevation of the project is determined according to vertical planning elevation in the special planning for road, longitudinal minimum value is 0.3%, meet road drainage needs, the great road vertical section design meets the criteria of urban road design standard.

Technical specifications used by the vertical section design are:

¾ Minimum length of longitudinal slope is1100 m ¾ Minimum length of vertical curve 102 m ¾ Minimum radius of convex vertical curve 15,000 ¾ Minimum radius of concave vertical curve 25,000 ¾ Minimum longitudinal slope 0.30% ¾ Maximum longitudinal slope 0.71%

b) Cross section design

This road-cross-sectional are identified cross-sectional in the special planning, special planning of cross-sectional is adjusted based on a master plan, road network structure in regulatory detailed planning and layout situation after the adjustment of underground pipelines, which has been authorized by each pipeline function department, therefore principally road amplitude plate division is not adjusted in the cross layout.

I. main road cross section

(i) Cross section layout forms of north third ring road:

¾ 6.5m（sidewalk）+7m（non-motorized traffic lane）+5.0m（non-motorized traffic separation）+23m（travel lane）+5m（non-motorized traffic separation） +7m（non-motorized traffic lane）+6.5m（sidewalk）=60m

i) Cross section layout forms of Huota road and north Linze road

¾ 4m（sidewalk）+3.5m（non-motorized traffic lane）+3.5m（non-motorized traffic separation）+23m（travel lane）+3.5m（non-motorized traffic separation） +3.5m（non-motorized traffic lane）+4m（sidewalk）=45m

ii) Cross section layout forms of Zhaowu, Xuanhua, North second ring road and Juyan road

¾ 2m（sidewalk）+5m（non-motorized traffic lane）+4.5m（non-motorized traffic separation）+22m（travel lane）+4.5m（non-motorized traffic separation）+5m （non-motorized traffic lane）+2m（sidewalk）=45m

28 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report iii) d. Cross section layout forms of south second ring road

¾ 1.5m（sidewalk）+6m（non-motorized traffic lane）+4.5m（non-motorized traffic separation）+22m（travel lane）+4.5m（non-motorized traffic separation） +6m（non-motorized traffic lane）+1.5m（sidewalk）=45m

(ii) Cross section layout forms of north Gaotai road

¾ 1.5m（sidewalk）+6m（non-motorized traffic lane）+5m（non-motorized traffic separation）+15m（travel lane）+5m（non-motorized traffic separation）+6m （non-motorized traffic lane）+1.5m（sidewalk）=40m

II. Secondary main road cross section

Within the context of the feasibility study secondary main roads are Banqiao road, Haiming road, Liaoquan road, Yonggu road, North Sunan road, Xincheng road, Minle road, Xuefu road, road section is 30 m, and the specific layout is as follows:

¾ 1.5m（sidewalk）+27m（travel lane + non-motorized traffic lane）+1.5m （sidewalk）=30m

III. Branch road cross section

Within the context of the feasibility study branch roads are Wulan road and Yongkang road, road section is 25 m, and the specific layout is as follows:

2.5m（sidewalk）+20m（travel lane + non-motorized traffic lane）+2.5m（sidewalk）=25m

Road humps and road transverse slope design

Cross section of this project is one-lane and three lane road, motor vehicle road arch cross slope uses setting of secondary parabolic road arch cross slope, motorway cross slope gradient is 1.5%, three-lane non-motor vehicle road slope to non-motorized traffic separation, the gradient is 1.5%, sidewalks cross slope gradient is 2%.

Subgrade design

a) fill roadbed

Because the filling material is mainly gravel stone in Zhangye region, so slope ratio of the filling section roadbed is determined as 1:1.5.

b) excavation roadbed

This project is for the new road. Volume of filling and excavation is not much. According to the investigation report of geotechnical engineering, it shows that excavation earthworks are mainly: ① miscellaneous fill, ② silty clay ③ round gravel layer. According to the height of excavation, there levels slope is designed: slope ratio of level I is 1:1, slope ratio of level II is1:1.25, level III 1:1.5.

29 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report c) roadbed filling

Based on actual terrain, geology, groundwater and other conditions to carry out appropriate engineering treatment, for the general-fill road section, to clear 40~60cm of surface soil, cut tree and uproot, compact foundation before filling, and then use the natural gravel to backfill. The special foundation must be treated to ensure the foundation bearing capacity requirements.

For the both sides of the green belt, in order to ensure the quality of filling, 0.5m over-filling is needed on each side.

Roadbed use mixture packing of soil or soil-rock, according to filling technology requirements of soil embankment or soil-rock embankment to construct, filling roadbed in layers, using mechanical compaction in layers, the largest loose paving thickness of soil road section is not exceeding 30cm, the largest loose paving thickness soil-rock does not exceed 40cm.

Roadbed protection: under features of this engineering, filled and excavated sections are mainly concentrated in general sections and large excavated sections of quarries, slope protection has high requirements on environment, because this project is about urban road, slope are for temporary protection, therefore on low slope protection form it is recommended to use program three: slope feet pigment concrete protection + slope surface temporary vegetation protection, on high slope protection form it is recommended to use program one: cement and concrete skeleton planting grass slope protection.

Pavement design freeze-thaw situation in this project area is serious, road uneven subsidence significantly impact on roadbed stability, the asphalt concrete pavement is adapting to this geological condition, its later maintenance are more easy, and without disruption of traffic. So asphalt concrete pavement is used from engineering design aspect.

a) structure design for proposed road motor vehicles pavement:

Main road driveway:

Top surface: fine asphalt concrete (AC-13C) 4cm; bonding asphalt (0.5L/m2)

Lower surface: coarse asphalt concrete (AC-25C) 8cm; the binder cause (0.9L/m2)

Basic coat: 5% of cement stabilized sand and gravel 30cm

Cushion coat: natural sand gravel 25cm

Total thickness: 62cm

Secondary main road roadway:

Top surface: fine asphalt concrete (AC-13C) 4cm; bonding asphalt (0.5L/m2)

Lower surface: coarse asphalt concrete (AC-25C) 5cm; binder cause (0.9L/m2)

30 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Basic coat: 5% of cement stabilized sand and gravel 30cm

Cushion coat: natural sand gravel 25cm

Total thickness: 58cm

b) branch roads (non-motorized vehicle lane)

Top surface: fine asphalt concrete (AC-13C) 2.5cm; bonding asphalt (0.5L/m2)

Lower surface: coarse asphalt concrete (AC-25C) 3.5cm; binder cause (0.9L/m2)

Basic coat: 5% cement stabilized sand and gravel 17cm

Cushion coat: natural sand gravel 20cm

Total thickness: 40cm

c) sidewalk design

In this design, sidewalk pavement structure of the proposed road use consistent design program:

Osmotic brick thickness 5 cm

M7.5 cement mortar thickness 3cm

5% gravel stabilized with cement thickness 15cm

Total thickness: 23cm

Pavement drainage

The road surface rainwater of proposed road section will be discharged into gully at the edge of the roadway through road longitudinal slope, discharge rainwater into nearby wetland through the drainage.

Road afforestation project

Greening design scope of this project is the green within the area of project itself. Parts arranged greening in the project are: non-motorized traffic separation, part of the sidewalk, side slope of road and other parts.

Non-motorized traffic separation, part of the sidewalk, side slope of road under the design should be planted. In non-motorized traffic separation 1m of shrubs can be planted, or equally spaced according to different modeling to improve the effect of road landscape. Street trees may be emplaced along sidewalk to beautify the environment, induce sight and shade in summer. Configuration combinations of plants furnishing on the road sides should pay more attention on the performance of rhyme and rhythm. At the same time focus on the hierarchical relationship of plant disposition to seek effect of change and uniform. Especially in spring and autumn seasons, handle well different plant color change of different seasons, with artistic effect of seasonal characteristic.

31 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Afforestation layout of all road traffic must meet requirements for road driving and visibility distance to ensure operation safety.

Roads ancillary works

Proposed projects set road lighting according to the urban road standard, and according to the characteristics of the proposed road and the actual situation to determine the lighting design standards of main road, secondary main road and its intersection. Lighting supply is provided by outdoor prefabricated transformer station, which is responsible for street lighting power supply and control. Combined consideration of lamps power load and power supply line, 900m power supply radius is suitable. Power supply line is 380/220V of three - phase five - wire system, each using three-phase interval distribution on the road. Lighting main line uses VV-4x25+1x16 mm2 power cable, street light circuit wear two PVC pipe with the diameter of 70 respectively laid buried, buried depth is 0.7 meters.

Huota Road, North Linze Road, North Third Ring Road, Zhaowu Road, Xuanhua Road, North Second Ring Road, Juyan Road, South Third Ring Road are as urban main roads: with single pole double lamps, the light pole arranged at separation on road sides, vertical spacing is about 35 meters, 12 meters high, the power is 250/100W.

North Gasotai Road is urban secondary main road,: with single pole double lamps, the light pole arranged at separation on road sides, vertical spacing is about 40 meters, 12 meters high, the power is 250/100W.

Banqiao Road, East Minghai Road, West Minghai Road, Liaoquan Road, East Yonggu Road, North Sunan Road, North Xincheng Road, South Xincheng Road, North Minle Road and Xuefu Road are urban secondary main road: with single pole double lamps, the light pole arranged on pedestrian road, vertical spacing is about 40 meters, 14 meters high, the power is 400W.

Wulan Road, Yongkang Street are urban branch roads: with single pole double lamps, the light pole arranged on pedestrian road, vertical spacing is about 35 meters, 10 meters high, the power is 250W.

2.2.1.3 Traffic forecast

Proposed road is planned to start construction in late 2011, opened to traffic in early 2012. Combined with socio-economic development of the project area and the project schedule of proposed project, the forecast features years are 2012, 2017, 2022, 2027 and 2032.

Based on prediction experience of vehicle ownership amount in similar areas, vehicle ownership amount in the evaluated area will grow in future, motor vehicle travel times will also increase. With the growth in road traffic, motor vehicle traffic wave peak at peak hours will be elongated, so the ration of traffic in peak hours will be gradually reduced, so set 2012 peak hour coefficient K as 12%, 2017 peak hour coefficient is 11%, 2022 peak hour coefficient is 11%, 2027 is 10%, 2032 is 9%. Proposed road traffic prediction results summary seen in table 2.2-2.

32 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 2.2-2 Average daily traffic volume forecast table of road sections in Binhe New Area Forest year（Average daily traffic volume, pcu/d） Name of roads 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 North Third Ring Road 28247 35309 42370 55081 59488 North Linze Road 25037 31296 37556 48822 52728 Huota Road 25358 31698 38037 49448 53404 North Second Ring Road 26321 32901 39481 51326 55432 Zhaowu Road 27284 34105 40926 53204 57460 Juyan Road 25679 32099 38519 50074 54080 Xuanhua Road 26642 33302 39963 51952 56108 South Third Ring Road 28889 36111 43333 56333 60840 North Gaotai Road 27284 34105 40926 53204 —— East Yonggu Road 20519 25649 30779 40013 —— North Minle Road 20961 26201 31441 40873 —— Xuefu Road 18313 22891 27470 35710 —— North Sunan Road 19858 24822 29786 38722 —— North Xincheng Road 18754 23443 28132 36571 —— South Xincheng Road 17651 22064 26477 34420 —— Liaoquan Road 19416 24270 29124 37862 —— West Minghai Road 17210 21512 25815 33559 —— East Minghai Road 17431 21788 26146 33990 —— Banqiao Road 18092 22616 27139 35280 —— Yongkang Road 9384 11730 14076 18299 —— Wulan Road 8832 11040 13248 17222 ——

2.2.1.4 Main works

Proposed road project amount is shown in table 2.2-3.

Table 2.2-3 the proposed project earthworks table Non-mot Road Road Sidewalk orized ROW length width width ＃ Roads name vehicle Fill Excavation （m） （m） （m） （m） （m） North Third 1 2464.805 14 23 60 13 Ring Road 9038.64 7395.30 2 North Linze 3169.732 7 23 48 8 Road 9298.93 7608.27 3 Huota Road 2837.781 7 23 48 8 8325.10 6811.49 4 North Second 5955.656 10 22 45 4 Ring Road 16379.9 13401.83 5 Zhaowu Road 2853.773 10 22 45 4 7848.76 6421.76 6 Juyan Road 1799.497 10 22 45 4 4949.17 4049.35 7 Xuanhua Road 1088.577 10 22 45 4 2993.92 2449.59

33 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Non-mot Road Road Sidewalk orized ROW length width width ＃ Roads name vehicle Fill Excavation （m） （m） （m） （m） （m） 8 South Third 3113.698 12 22 45 3 Ring Road 8563.63 7006.66 9 North Gaotai 1885.152 12 15 40 3 Road 4608.67 3770.76 10 East Yonggu 1094.782 0 27 30 3 Road 2007.33 1642.37 11 North Minle 3680.701 0 27 30 3 Road 6748.71 5521.71 12 Xuefu Road 1841.287 0 27 30 3 3376.07 2762.26 13 North Sunan 1365.311 0 27 30 3 Road 2503.35 2048.21 14 North Xincheng 298.483 0 27 30 3 Road 547.28 447.78 15 South 873.693 0 27 30 3 Xincheng Road 1601.95 1310.70 16 Liaoquan Road 1954.631 0 27 30 3 3583.89 2932.30 17 West Minghai 1100.196 0 27 30 3 Road 2017.25 1650.49 18 East Minghai 1370.24 0 27 30 3 Road 2512.39 2055.61 19 Banqiao Road 1684.066 0 27 30 3 3087.80 2526.40 20 Yongkang 1770.263 0 20 25 5 Road 2704.87 2213.09 21 Wulan Road 2960.717 0 20 25 5 3836.25 3138.77 Total 45163.04 106533 87164.72

2.2.1.5 Construction organization plan

(1) Construction organization

Construction bidding is based on bidding section, engineering arrangements and pollution prevention during construction is responsible by construction units, owners are responsible for supervision and management of construction schedule of construction unit and pollution prevention during construction.

Construction organization scheme during construction has not yet been determined, compare with the related engineering construction organization, construction workers is estimated to be 50 people during construction period, and the contractors units rent nearby house by unified to resolve the accommodation problem construction on construction camp.

(2) Construction roads built and under construction roads in Binhe New Area within are North Ring Road(35m), the northern extension of East Ring Road(60M), Kunlun Avenue(45m), West Second Ring Road(45m), West Third Ring Road(45m), Binhe Avenue(40m), Binhu Road(40m), Zhang-Su Highway(35m), national highway 312 line(45m) and so on, infrastructure construction uses the existing road, project does not add new facilities and road.

34 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 2.2.1.6 Stock ground, soil taking and depositing sites setting

Road network construction project fill is totally 106,500 m3, project is the construction of urban road engineering, road construction materials is purchased, filling material parts use waste earth from excavation, needed sand and gravel in filling process will be purchased from the nearby, project does not set the soil taking site.

Network engineering excavation is 87100 m3 in total, in which 60% is available, remained 34,800m3, because this part of the abandon parties are mostly humus soil and a small part of construction waste, the humus soil can be used for green in Binhe New Area and other units, construction waste should be transported to Zhangye refuse dump. Project does not set permanent disposal site.

2.2.2 Water supply engineering

Water supply engineering of the proposed project includes construction of water supply plant and the laying of water transportation and distribution network. Proposed Binhe New Area water supply project supply 80,000 m3 daily, planned to construction in two phases, the recent daily water supply capacity is 40,000 m3, and covering 18hm2, the EIA is to evaluate the recent only.

(1) Construction of water supply plant

Water supply plant is within planning scope of Binhe New District, south of West Danxia Road which is within South Third Ring Road; the site is in accordance with the approved site in Zhangye Binhe New Area water supply project planning, the location is shown in the proposed project site distribution diagram 2.1-1. Water distribution plant is180 meters long, 100 meters wide, covers an area of 27mu. Main buildings in the water supply plant are chlorination room, clear water pools, water pumping station, production management building and other buildings, and to set aside 40,000m3 of long-term land use. The floor chart of water supply plant is shown in Figure 2.2-2.

a) chlorination room

For killing bacteria in water, and let the water quality of urbanite water consumption to meet the national health standard of drinking water, the chlorination needed put into water to disinfect, chlorination standard is 1.0mg/l, daily chlorination for recent is 40.0kg/d, long-term 80.0kg/d.

This design uses chlorine dioxide to disinfect, set 1 chlorination room, with frame structure, an area of 63.2m2. Set 2 chlorinating machine of chlorine dioxide in the near future 1 for use, 1 for alternate, to add 1 more at a specified future date. The added place is set on the outfall sewer of deep well pump. Each output 2Kg/h, N=3.0Kw; 1 set of HCl medicine tin; 1 set of NaClO3medicine tin; 1 set of NaClO3 Chemical feeder, 1 Chlorine leakage alarm.

35 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

Figure 2.2-2 water supply plant floor layout diagram

36 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report b) clean water tank

Because the water taking quantity of water source is well-proportioned, but the urban water consumption is hourly changing, therefore, it is need to set clean water tank to regulate structure to balance the load changes. While to mix fully water and chlorine in the clean water tank, the practice has shown that the water keep contact with the chlorine for 30min and keep free residual chlorine more than 0.3mg/l, it has killing effect on the intestinal pathogenic bacteria and so on.

Designed to use 2 rectangular clean water tanks in the near future, , each with a capacity of 3000m3, graphic size is 28.7x28.7m, the pool is 4.0m deep, effective water depth is 3.8m, reinforced concrete structures. Total regulation volume of clean water tank is 6000m3, accounting for 15% of the total water consumption.

c) transformer and distribution room

1 power distribution room, plane dimension: 18x12.9m. One-story building, 3.9m high, frame structure.

d) production management building

1 production management building of three floors, graphic size is 33x12.6m, an area of about 1000m2, frame structure, in which the control room, office, dormitory, laboratory, garage, boiler room and so on were set.

e) absorbing water well

In order to ensure water pump with good absorbing water conditions, absorbing water well uses underground structure with reinforced concrete, plane size is 15.0x5.0 m, the pool is 6.0m deep, water depth is 5.8m.

f) water supply station

Water supply pump select centrifugal clean water pump. Pump chamber uses underground reinforced concrete structures, plane dimension is 45.0x9.60m, underground part is 4.0m deep, and the aerial part is 4.8m. Recently 4 water supply pumps (3 for use, 1 for alternative, 1 frequency conversion) and reserve for pump in future. Set QW submersible sewage pump within the pump house, used for raking.

1 electric single girder crane within the pump house, lifting capacity is 2 tons, for installation and maintenance of equipment. Process flow of the water supply plant is shown in Figure 2.2-3.

37 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

Figure 2.2-3 Process flow chart of the third water supply plant in Zhangye city

38 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Main performance parameters:

¾ Water supply pump: 4 (3 for use, 1 for alternative, 1 frequency conversion) ¾ Flow rate for single: Q=555m3/h ¾ Pump head: H=45m ¾ Power: N=90kw · ¾ Submersible sewage pump: 1 ¾ Flow rate: Q=15m3/h ¾ Pump head: H=7m ¾ Power: N=1.5kw

Laying work of water sources site and water sources site to Binhe new area is designed separately, the EIA of the content is not within the scope of the environmental impact assessment.

(2) Water transmission and distribution network

According to the urban area partitions and road conditions of urban planning, to meet water transmission and distribution capacity of 80,000 m3/d water supply to meet the requirements of production in Binhe new area, domestic and fire-fighting water. It is proposed to lay water distribution network under 21 roads of West third ring road, South ring road, Minghai road, Shaowu road and so on. Water distribution pipe materials select ductile iron pipe and PE pipe, hourly variation coefficient is 1.5, daily highest and hourly maximum calculation flow of pipe network is 1388.89L/s, pipe free hydraulic press meet the six-story water pressure, that is 28m, minimum diameter of fire-fighting water supply pipeline must not less than DN100, minimum water head of the most negative point for fire-fighting must not be less than minimum service head of low pressure fire control system, that is 10m.

1. Pipes laying: pipes all use grooved laying construction, pipeline base use 150mm thick sand layer for foundation.

2. Valve shaft: in view of the high level of underground water, inside and outside of the brick valve well are made of 1:2 cement and mortar to plaster.

2.2.3 Sewage collection pipe laying

Terrain of Zhangye city is west high east low, south high north low, and municipal sewage treatment plant has been built at the northeast side of the main city, so according to the topography and the position of the sewage treatment plant to ensure the sewage discharge direction is from southwest to Northeast. According to the long-term planning sewage flow to design, to arrange trunk pipe along the North second ring- West second ring-North third ring, to discharge sewage into wastewater treatment plant incoming pipe (DN1200) on Kunlun Avenue and eventually flows into the Zhangye wastewater treatment plant. Of which Includes 7.8km of main pipe, 18.8km of secondary main pipes and about 23km of branch

39 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report pipes.

(1) The collecting range of sewage collection pipe network

Planning to build the second wastewater treatment plant with 80,000 tons of daily wastewater treatment in the north of North third ring road, east of 312 national highway, to collect and treat sewage for Binhe new area.

Take the west second ring as boundary; the sewage west of the West second ring road should discharge into wastewater treatment plant of Binhe new district along the North second ring- West second ring main pipes, sewage east of West second ring road should discharge into Zhangye wastewater treatment plant along the landscape road main pipes.

General layout of sewage pipe network in Binhe new district is shown in Figure 2.2-4.

(2) Wastewater emissions

Municipal wastewater emission coefficient is 0.70~0.80; urban comprehensive domestic sewage emission coefficient is 0.8~0.9. Urban industrial wastewater discharge coefficient is 0.7~0.9. Binhe new district where this project in does not have industrial and so industrial waste water is not considered. Binhe new district is belong to the general domestic sewage, for the area with perfect drainage systems the emission coefficient may use 0.9, general areas use 0.8. This project uses the comprehensive domestic wastewater emission coefficient 0.8.

Based on water supply scale and wastewater emission coefficient to determine waste water emissions, shown in table 2..

Table 2.2-4 Waste water emissions table Highest hourly average daily Waste water consumption consumption of water emission coefficient emissions（ten （ten thousand m3/d） （ten thousand m3/d） thousand m3/d） 8 6.15 0.8 4.92

Finalize the sewage emission scale of Binhe new district is 50,000m3/d.

(3) Engineering geological description

Based on the engineering geological exploration report description, pipeline is always based on gravel or silt layer respectively.

(4) Foundation treatment

Pipeline is proposed to use DN300~DN1000 HDPE of double wall corrugated pipe.

¾ When foundation is gravel layer: when pipe foundation is above the gravel layer can be used as natural bearing layer, covered with 200mm thick medium coarse sand and then construct pipeline foundation. ¾ When foundation is silt layer, when pipeline foundation is above silt layer good gravel should be used to roll and tamp layered, the thickness is not less

40 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report than 400mm, tiered compaction coefficient is 0.96. spread 200mm thick medium coarse sand above, the density should be greater than 0.90, and then construct pipeline foundation. (5) Pipeline foundation

When pipe covering is ≤ 2.0m, use with 90°arc of sand foundation, practice select the underlying type 1.

When pipe covering is ＞2.0m, use 150° arc of sand foundation, practice select the underlying type 2.

Pipe underlying type 2

Pipe underlying type 2

(6) Backfill ¾ construction requirement: one time filling thickness should not be greater than 300mm, backfill should be on both sides of the pipeline symmetrically and to backfill at the same time, to prevent piping displacement and rupture. ¾ sand arc foundation with natural gradation.

Grooved bottom width B should use D+1200, D is outside diameter of pipe.

③ backfill soil should not be used soil material of mud, arable soils, permafrost, expansive soil and organic matter content of more than 8%.

41 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 2.2.4 Rainwater collection pipe laying

Natural terrain of Zhangye Binhe New District is smooth, height difference changes gentle, elevation is between 1461m~1513m, the terrain is generally south high north low, west high east low, slope from southwest to northeast is 0.63%. Status of the mostly planning scheme area is undeveloped woodlands, gardens, cultivated land, waters and the construction land of scattered villages and towns. Currently drainage system in Zhangye Binhe New District is not perfect, rainwater drainage systems in the region is basically in blank, only a limited number of stamped open drain, storm and wastewater is discharged together. Most of ground rainfall is poured down the nearest. Need for collection work of rainwater collection pipe network.

Building contents of rainwater collection pipe network project: new urban rainwater collection pipe network 47.524Km, of which 16.186Km of DN300 storm pipe; 8.70Km of DN400 rainwater pipe, 11.986Km of DN500 rainwater pipe, 8.284Km of DN 600 rainwater pipe, 2.368Km of DN 800 rainwater pipe. Laying statistics storm pipe network system is provided in table 2.

Table 2.2-5 of rainwater pipeline laying tables pipe diameter DN300 DN400 DN500 DN600 DN800 West Third Ring Road 294 280 1619 1209 0 South Third Ring Road 0 1680 1339 0 0 West Second Ring Road 0 0 954 3841 589 North Sunan Road 745 568 0 0 0 North Gaotai Road 416 1164 348 0 0 Xincheng Road 0 653 424 0 0 North Linze Road 0 730 450 790 1297 Minle Road 248 730 2835 0 0 Xuefu Road 0 0 455 1404 0 Juyan Road 1073 430 0 0 0 Yongkang Road 796 696 0 0 0 Xuanhua Road 873 0 0 0 0 Yonggu Road 921 0 0 0 0 Huota Road 883 1650 Liaoquan Road 1594 0 0 0 0 East Zhaowu Road 1731 0 444 0 0 Minghai Road 2042 0 0 0 0 Wulan Road 2380 0 0 0 0 North Second Ring Road 2190 1502 1112 550 0 Banqiao Road 0 267 356 490 482 Total 16186 8700 11986 8284 2368

Storm sewer pipes use plug type reinforced concrete pipe 11-level pipes, rubber ring

42 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report interface. Origin laying depth of rain water Control main pipe is not less than 1.8m, the beginning buried depth of storm water connecting pipes on municipal roads is about 1.5m.

43 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

Figure 2.2-4 Binhe New District sewage network master plans

44 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Initial rainwater brings with a large amount of surface sediment, consider removing sediment carried by initial rainwater, do not make it polluted water bodies. This design considers using two ways:

(1) In front of 10 storm water discharges to design catch basin, borehole diameter is 1250mm, initial precipitation of rain water, playing role of partly dust, catch basin uses artificial dredging after the rain.

(2) Storm water discharge into lake applied fan stepped design, decrease the spread after rain spread at discharge, and to sink carried sediment on ladder diffusion stage, after the rain, to get rid of silt on diffusion stage by the artificial to prepare for the next use.

45 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report III. THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ON THE AREA OF PROJECT

CONSTRUCTION

3.1 Natural environment investigation

3.1.1 Geographic Position

The Project awaiting construction locates at Ganzhou District in Zhangye ,which is situated between the east longitude 100°06′～100°54′,north latitude 38°32′～39°24′.The project of Wetlands Protection is located in the north of the main city areas , on the eastern side of the Mainstream of Heihe River, the south of Lan-Xin Railway, and the west of Zhang Huo road. Binhe new area lies to the northwest of the main city area, which builds in side of Heihe Revier. The new area , east to the Zhangye Industrial Park, south to the main city area , west to W. 3rd Ring Road, north to the National Wetland Park, total covers the area of 26.4 km2, which adheres firmly to the old city, the western new city, and the planning and construction of Zhangye National Wetland Park

The boundary of Binhe new area is 312 lines, divided into two areas, the East and the West. The West is an area lying between W. 2nd Ring Road and west to W. 3rd Ring Road. The address: east to 312 lines and west to W. 2nd Ring Road, south to South 3rd Ring Road, west to W. 3rd Ring Road, north to the main road of Binhe River, the planning area is 19.2 km2. The East fills the area between the North Circular t and North 3rd Ring Road. The address: east to the main road of Kunlun, west to 312 lines, north to the National Wetland Park, south to the North Circular, the planning area is 7.2 km2.

3.1.2 Terrains and Landforms

The terrains of Ganzhou district higher at the southwest end and dropping gradually in the northeast directions. Which is surrounded on the north and east sides by mountains. Heihe River runs through the whole territory. The central part forms Zhangye basin like a shock sector. Southwest is the Pingding Hill of Qilian Mountains, the Northeast faces the East Mountain of Longshou Mountain, due north for the terraced plateau and Pingshan Lake Plain. The elevation is between 1410m and 3633m, the average elevation of 1,474 meters. The landform characteristic is obvious, that is composed by the mountainous region, plain, and the desert, 14.4% are the mountainous areas, 51.1% are the areas, and 34.5% are the desert area, which basically belongs to the Desert landscape zone. According to its natural characteristic, the entire district is divided into two parts, the mountainous area of North Mountains and the corridor plain.

Ganzhou districts distributes of oasis irrigated soil, fluvo-aquic soil, Aeolian sandy soil, gray brown desert soil, chestnut, ash soil, meadow soil, saline soil, subalpine meadow soil, gray drab earth ,totally 10 categories. It presents the distribution between the regional soil type and the earth inter-species duplicate area, and the ash brown desert soil area is 174641

46 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report hectares, accounts for over 47.1% of the total area. The oasis irrigated soil comes second, that the area is 68444 hectares, accounts for 18.7%.

3.1.3 Climates

The climate on the Project area presents obvious continental desert climate, its remarkable characteristic is as follows:

The precipitation is scarce and centralized, the annual rainfall is only 129 millimeters, and presents the obvious vertical zonality. The precipitation enhances progressively with increasing altitude from north to south, which increases 12.56 millimeters for every 100 meters rise. The north plain area has 124.9 millimeters precipitation a year, the annual rainfall in the Huangzangsi of the south mountainous area has 291.1 millimeters; The time location of the precipitation is not well balanced and c significant changes have taken place in a year, which concentrates in June to September, and approximately composes the 71.9% of the annual total quantity, the precipitation in spring only accounts for 14%; The entire district Evaporates intensely, the annual mean transpiration has reached 2047 millimeters, the drought index reaches up to 10.3; The degree of atmospheric dryness is 4.9. The transpiration rate decreases progressively along with the elevation, and it reaches to 1290.7 millimeters in the north area, the transpiration has 819 millimeters in the Huangzangsi of the south mountainous area.

The sunshine is full and the temperature difference is big, the annual solar radiation amount is much, it has an average annual temperature reaching to 7 degrees Celsius, a frost-free period of 153 days ..The total solar radiation is 147.99 kcal / square centimeter, Average annual Hours of Sunshine is 3085 hours; Mean annual temperature is 7 ℃, the highest ever temperature is 37.4 ℃ , the minimum temperature is -28 ℃ ; ≥ 0 ℃ accumulated temperature is 3388 ℃, the duration is 240 days, ≥ 10 ℃ accumulated temperature is 2896.6 ℃, the duration is 160.2 days; frost-free period is 153 days.

Northwest winds prevails throughout the year, annual average wind speed is 2 m/s, the maximum wind speed is 36 m/s, annual gale days is 14.9 days, maximum days is 40 days, 3 days at least, the annual sand-dust storm days in 20.3 days, up to a maximum of 33 days, 14 days at least.

Severe weather has strong winds, dust storms, hot wind, drought, frost, low temperature in early spring and so on.

3.1.4 Overview of surface water resources

There are 4 main rivers including Heihe river, Suyoukou river, Dayekou river and Shandan river, and 26 seasonal rivers, the annual runoff is 2.4×109m3, drainage area is 3760 km2. The water supply of the project area depends mainly on precipitation; ice-snow melt water supply is low. Rainfall directly formed surface runoff accounts for 63% of the rivers flow, underground water formed by the precipitation and spring overflow, what formed the river runoff accounts for 31.4%, while snow and ice melt water only accounts for 4.8%.

47 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report The wetland resources of Project area play an important role in the regulation of water resources, such as stagnant flood water, conserving water, preventing soil erosion. Water reserves reaches up to 2.2×109kW. River runoff is 1.66 × 109m3, water irrigation area of the region accounts for 89% of the total irrigation area. Heihe River is the largest inland river in Hexi Corridor, the length of main stream is 52km, a total drainage area covers 3663.8 km2 in the region; Suyoukou River which the drainage area is 166 km2 ,is the second largest river in the region, a total drainage area is 99.1 km2; the length of main stream on Shandan River is 35km;there are 26 water channels and small streams along the mountain, the total drainage area is 937.3 km2;.

3.1.5 Hydrogeology survey

Engineering ecological survey

According to regional geological data, the proposed road is located within the rift basins in Zhangye, roads and external have not Quaternary active faults, the whole road has better stability. According to the geological survey drilling revealed that the foundation soil along the road within the depth of exploration is divided into three layers from top to bottom, its lithology is as follows:

¾ Layer 1 Khaki-colored, loose, slightly wet, with plant roots.

It distributes along the road, thickness is 0.5-1.0m, the average thickness is 0.77m, and levels of elevation are 1462.87-1470.8m.

¾ Layer 2 silty clay（Q4al）

Brown khaki - steel-gray, slightly wet - wet, plastic - soft plastic, a fishy odor, with a small amount of humus.

It distributes along the road, the exposing thick is 1.8-5.0m (not exposed), the average thickness is 3.52m, the levels of elevation 1462.07-1469.96m.

¾ Layer 3 pebbles（Q4al+pl）

Steel-gray, medium dense－dense, wet. General size of pebbles is 20-40mm, maximum diameter of 100mm, pebbles is about 70%, gravel is about 15% filling of medium coarse sand is about 15%, gravel and pebbles shows sub-rounded, The main components of gravel and pebbles is granite, quartzite, the main components of medium coarse sand is feldspar and quartz-based.

Along the road only ZK8, ZK9, ZK10, ZK10-1, ZK10-2 No. 3 hole with the distribution of exposed thickness of 2.0-3.0m (not exposed), level elevation is 1465.93-1468.16m.

(1) Hydrographic survey

Groundwater is divided into the bedrock fissure water on both sides of slots and the pore phreatic water, the supply of pore water relies mainly on Heihe River and the bedrock fissure water on both sides of slots, the river water and the groundwater transform themselves into

48 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report each other, which the river water in the upstream infiltrates to supply the groundwater, the groundwater to downstream overflow to supply the river water .The river water and the bedrock fissure water in the south of Ganzhou supply to the pore phreatic water, which underflows to the northeast. Plenty of underground water to the north of Ganzhou overflows to recharge the river water. Influenced by structural and morphological, the general law is that the water-bearing rock formation is from the piedmont to the basin, aquifer gradually thicken, depth of groundwater table becomes shallow, and tapering, the water level buried deep in Southern Piedmont is greater than 200m,and it is 50m～150m in the middle of fan zone , 10m～20m at the edge of fan zone or in the south of fine soil plain ,and 1m～3m along the Hehei and Shandan river ,the spring bubbled out of the ravine and depression. The depth of groundwater of Heihe river bed gradually turns from 60M to 1M from Provincial Highway213 to National Highway312 in the Bridge of Heihe River. Water quality is HCO－ -4 2+ + -3 -4 2+ + 3—SO2 —Ca —Na and HCO —SO2 —Mg —Na , at PH 7.35～8.33, at mineralization rate 0.35g/l～0.82g/l, better water quality, and corrosion-free.

Groundwater reserve condition

Zhangye Basin, the a Cenozoic rift basin in the corridor transitional zone of North Qilian geosyncline fold system, where the Cenozoic sedimentary thickness is about 4000-6000m, the thickness of Quaternary System is more than 100-1000m, the thickness of Quaternary System in the Project area is 800-1000m. The lower part of the Quaternary System is the conglomerate of the lower Pleistocene Yumen group, with thickness of 500-800m;the upper part is the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene gravel pebble, sand, sandy loam and clayey loam, with thickness of 100-300m. Except the watery in the partial section of the piedmont water basin is inhomogeneous, the remaining areas form watery complex that is continuous, unified, and limited by lateral border of the basin.

Groundwater occurrence in the basin is mainly in extra-thick gravel pebble layer in the middle and upper Pleistocene, and its sedimentary structure with a typical Piedmont hydro geological characteristics of the piedmont inclined plain self-inclined, Piedmont inclined plain for a single dive area, the thickness of aquifer is more than 300m, the coefficient of permeability is 50-300m/d, the single-well discharge is 2000-10000 m3/d. Multi-story-confined water area in the North of the basin, where the aquifer is still gravel and pebble, particle size is fine, and stuffed with clayey loam and sand on or in it, the single-well discharge is 500-5000m3/d. The depth of underground water gradually changes shallower from south to north s, buried depth of groundwater at Southern piedmont is more than 200 meters, the alluvial fan front gradually changes 5.00-30.00m, Large amounts of groundwater Springs in north of fine soil area overflow. The graph of groundwater depth and contour of water of Project area is given in Fig3.1

Supplied by river leaved the mountains and the irrigation River, and Canal Department and the field irrigation water permeability, groundwater in Zhangye basin is over 80% of the total supplementary, where bedrock fractured water, and side flow recharge of valleys underground streams and the precipitation, and condensation water supply have relatively weak, groundwater flows from Southeast to North Western , the parts flows to northeast

49 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report or north, hydraulic slope in south is 8.00-10.00‰,in north 2.00-5.00‰.Groundwater mainly has been depleted by springs overflow in the alluvial fan front area, and well mining and the evaporation transpiration, Springs accounts for 76.00-82.00% of the total discharge. The diagram of Zhangye basin groundwater recharge, runoff, and discharge is shown in Fig3.1-2.

Figure 3.1-2 is Zhangye basin groundwater recharge, runoff and drainage

Groundwater resources

Rich in groundwater resources, groundwater reserves is 1.0×109m3, Dynamic reserves has reached 9.9×108m3. Zhangye basin mainly includes the pore water of loose rocks at the Quaternary System of upper Pleistocene. Limited by Tectonic and geomorphologic conditions, the general law is that the water-bearing rock formation is from the piedmont to the basin, aquifer gradually changes thicker, depth of groundwater table becomes shallow, and tapering, where the single table water aquifer gradually changes the multi-layer of dive - confined water complex. From the piedmont to basin inside the buried depth of groundwater is more than 200m,and gradually changes 1～3m,The spring outcrop in the north. Hehei and Shandan river bed and the coast are the natural spring water overflow areas. The fine soil plain to the north to the leading edge of alluvial fan, which the upper is groundwater , the bottom is confined water， and with the increase of the roof buried depth the head raises up, the part flow automatically. Heihe River is the most abundant area of aquifer watery，which is located in the lower portion of the alluvial fan of Liyuan River .The single-well discharge is greater than 5000m3/d, the next is 3000～5000m3/d in the adjacent fan margin spanning the middle zone, , and less than 1000m3/d in North-South Piedmont .

According to 《Regional Hydrogeology Survey Report of Zhangye city in Gansu Province》 compiled by the second hydrogeology engineering party of Geological Survey in August 1998 ,which uses the balance calculation method, the total groundwater resources in

50 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Zhangye is 794.73 million m3/a.

Heihe River Basin groundwater, surface water conversion is shown in Figure 3.1-3.

降水融冰雪水补给 中游泉水灌区 下游余水灌区 上游山水灌区

降 降 降 水 水 水

蒸发 祁 中游 及蒸 下游 连 山区 泉水 腾 蒸发泉水 山 河流 出露 及蒸出露 腾

山水灌区 基岩裂隙 灌水补给 水补给 河道下 泉水灌区 渗补给 沙漠或归宿 灌水补给 潜流 余水灌区 潜流 潜流 灌水补给

Figure 3.1-3 Heihe River Basin groundwater, surface water conversion

The quality of groundwater

The groundwater quality in basin is good, and the type of most hydrochemistry is mainly 2- 2+ 2+ HCO3--SO4 -Ca -Mg . The mineralization rate of groundwater is less than 1.00g/L in the proluvial fan. Influenced of evaporation in the north part of Zhangye city，the mineralization rate of groundwater is 1.00-3.00g/L, its lower part confined aquifer is also less than the 1.00g/L fresh water. Northern Piedmont of Gobi is affected by high mineralization bedrock fissure water in the Beishan Mountains, so it is distributed 1.00-3.00g/L brackish water along the piedmont.

groundwater regime

a) Water level dynamic

¾ Year dynamic

The Regional groundwater regime may divide into the infiltration - runoff, irrigation - mining and the evaporation excretion three fundamental types.

Infiltration-runoff-type thatdistributes in the upper or central part of proluvial gravel Plains and the zone of the River, and the nearer to the river bed, the more obvious impact of surface hydrological dynamics. The highest water level takes place during August to October, the lowest water level during June to August, the annual variation of water level is 1.44-3.07m, which is the biggest change in wet years, the annual range of variation of water levels near

51 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report the canals areas reaches to 5.70m.

Irrigation-mining type which distributes at the leading edge of proluvial gravel Plains and fine soil plain and, The lowest water level takes place during February to March, the highest water level during August to September, the annual variation of water level is 1.30—3.17m. Under the influence of irrigation and mining, the dynamic curve of water level presents the dropping of Valley, uplifting of box, and corresponds to the peak-valley changes in mining period and irrigation times corresponding to.

Evaporation discharge type whichdistributes in fine soil plain depression, under the influence of evaporation, the lowest water level presents in May-June, the highest in January-February, the annual variation of water level is smaller, for 0.23-1.30m.

¾ Inter-annual dynamic

The groundwater inter-annual regime presents the periodic wave changes corresponding to surface runoff in wet and dry years. Since the end of the last century 80’s, because of the surface water in cyclical reduction stage, and the effect of the canal system utilization improved, in general, the groundwater table tends to descend, which proluvial gravel Plains in the south the decline of water level is more than 3.00m, 1.50-3.00m at the alluvial fan front, less than 1.00m in fine soil plain and depression, since 2003 ,the groundwater level is slowly increased.

Based on groundwater monitoring data, from the early 1980s to the beginning of this century, the groundwater table in Zhangye Basin continued to decline, and declined to the lowest level in 2001, the decline: the largest decline (7.21～9.48m) in the south to Zhangye City, North to the city declined to 0.17～1.65m, the east of city is 7.68m, the west of city is 6.07m. The groundwater table in the north-central Basin, Zhangye city and the periphery has rose to certain extent on September 2001, but the groundwater table is still in a downtrend in the south and west of basin, western water table, , but the rate of decline has slowed down significantly, then gradually began to rise. At present only there is still slight decline in the former Qilian Mountains.

In August- October 2005, in Zhangye City and the periphery in the north-central basin, the groundwater table had a rapid rising by 1.60～8.86m ,including: the groundwater table rose by 4.15m in the urban areas, by 2.03～5.32m in the south to City, by 1.60～4.24m in the north to city, by 0.48～8.86m in the east of city, by 7.10m in the west to city. Since 2006, the water table around the city is still in an upward trend, the largest rise up to 2.64m nearby city, exacerbated environmental geological disasters caused by groundwater table rise, which made the affected area further expanded.

b) Hydro chemical regime

Groundwater hydro chemical regime maintains basic stability, and the chemical components haven’t changed much, salinity in rainy seasons is generally lower than the low water season during the year. The shallow water in South in proluvial and gravels plain, which the salinity annual variation is less than 0.15g/L; the deeper confined water near Zhangye city salinity of

52 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report annual variation is 0.018-0.03g/L.

c) Spring regime

Springs overflow dynamics in a year is that the high water period is in August-October, low water period in April-July. Interannual dynamic has also shown periodic change of wave-like corresponding to the high and low surface water season .In generally; it has a relatively large amount of Springs overflow in the high water period in January-February in early next year.

3.2 Socio-economic survey

3.2.1 Administrative division and population status

There are five counties and one district in Zhangye city, Shandan, Minle, Linze, Gaotai, Sunan Yugu Nationality Autonomous County, and Ganzhou District，including 97 townships (streets), 977 villagers (neighborhood) committees, 5761 village groups, the Han , Hui, Tibetan, Yugu and other 26 nationality, with a total population of 1.2691 million people, and the Han nationality accounts for 98% of the total.

Ganzhou District is the site of the municipal government in Zhangye, also agricultural areas with a long history in Hexi Corridor, an important center on the old Silk Road, one of the Hexi commodity grains production bases, is one of the Silk Road tourist town. The total district includes five streets, 11 towns, and 11 townships (one of Nationality Township). The total population has reached 498,200, among of which agricultural population are 340,000, accounts for 68.2% of the total population. According to 2009 statistics, the population of Ganzhou totaled 512,484, and there are 324,089 agricultural populations.

3.2.2 Socioeconomic situation

Ganzhou District is a larger northwest inland production base of fruits and vegetables, and commodity grain, which is a typical agricultural town. Economy dominated by agriculture, rich in wheat, corn, rice, beans, oil, fruits, vegetables and so on. With the technological development in recent years, the continuous improvement of agricultural infrastructure, agricultural production has been greatly developed. In 2009, Ganzhou district realizes GDP of 8.457 billion yuan, Of this, the added value of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries reached 2.122 billion yuan, 2.922 billion yuan, 3.413 billion yuan, The proportion of three industries was 25.1%,34.6% and 40.3% respectively. The fiscal revenue reached 577.84 million yuan, the per capita GDP reached 16,780 yuan, the per-capita disposable income of urban residents averaged 10,153 yuan and the per-capita net income of farmers averaged 5261 yuan.

53 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 3.2-1 the main economic indicators in Ganzhou District and Zhangye City in 2010 Zhangye City Ganzhou District Increase the Increase on on last propor Project last year's Numbe year's tions unit Number same r same of period（%） period Zhang （%） ye (%) population million people 294.13 — 40.71 — GDP Ten thousand yuan 1319394 10.3 270873 10.4 20.53 primary industry Ten thousand yuan 406000 5.5 62139 1.2 15.31 secondary industry Ten thousand yuan 310967 14.2 66026 16.9 21.23 industry Ten thousand yuan 187567 11.5 40650 10.4 21.67 Ten thousand yuan Construction 123400 19 25376 28.9 20.56

Ten thousand yuan the tertiary industry 602427 11.7 142708 11.9 23.69

per-capita net yuan 5380 11.4 5261 10.5 — income of farmers per-capita disposable income yuan 9858 8.66 10153 9 — of urban residents

Ganzhou district realizes GDP of 2.7 billion yuan in 2009, accounting for 20.53% of Zhangye City; The per-capita net income of farmers reached 5380 yuan of Zhangye City, 5261 yuan of Ganzhou district in 2009; According to Statistical Yearbook of Zhangye City (2009), per-capita disposable income of urban residents in Zhangye City averaged 9,858 yuan in 2009, 10,153 yuan in Ganzhou district, the main economic indicators Zhangye City and Ganzhou in 2009 are given in Table 3.2-1.

3.2.3 Infrastructure

(1) Traffic and transportation conditions

The National Highway 45, 312,and 227, Lan-Xin Railway double track cross the whole territory , with the mileage of railways totaling 58.6 km. the highway mileage will reach 511.14km, provincial, county and township roads is crisscrossing, the traffic is very convenient. In 2003, the volume of passenger travel on the railways have reached 33.5 million, the cargo transportation volume have reached 820,000 tons; Highway Passenger Carrying Capacity was 840.38 million, highway freight volume of 810,000 tons.

(2) Communication conditions

With the rapid development of posts and telecommunications, at the end of 2003,there are 27post office, post and telecommunication services reached 16.11 million yuan, fixed telephone subscribers reached 135,000, There were 40 telephones per 100 persons, mobile phone subscribers 66,300, Internet subscribers of 14000.

54 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 3.3 The investigation and evaluation of ecological environment of the wetland in north suburb of Zhangye

The proposed project includes construction of wetland protection projects and construction of infrastructure projects, wetland protection projects is located in the northern suburbs of Zhangye wetlands. The purpose of the projects construction is to protect wetlands and wildlife habitat, and maintain the regional biodiversity and sustainable development, but some parts of protection project construction is located in the national Heihe river wetland nature reserve in Zhangye, therefore, this section focuses on the investigation and evaluation of Zhangye wetland environmental quality.

The wetlands in northern suburbs of Zhangye City is located in northern suburbs in Ganzhou district of Zhangye City, is closely connected with the city withthe longitude of 100°06′—100°54′E andthe latitude 38°32′—39°24′N, with 6.2 acres of the zoning area, east to Zhang huo Road, west to 312 Highway and the section of Xinhe River Bridge and the east coast of Heihe river, south to the North 1st Ring Road, north to the Lan-Xin Railway.

The area will involve Liuquan Village of Xindun township, Baita village, Bei, Xinguan, Erzhan village of Sanzha township, Sanzha Village, Dongquan co-operatives.in Industrial Park, Xia’an village, zhangjiazhuang co-operatives., Xiejiawan Village of Wujiang Township and 9 Villages, 49 co-operatives, 6 schools, 22 residential areas, 122 enterprises and public institutions; 4 forest farms and farms. There are the total population of 5770 households, 37,665 people (including: agricultural population 2513 households and 11,813 people; town populations of 3257 households and 28,365 people.

Northern suburb of wetlands is shown in Figure 3.3-1.

3.3.1 The type, distribution and number of the wetlands

Accordance with the criteria for classifying of wetland type on 《Convention on Wetlands》 and 《National Wetland Resources Survey and Monitoring of Technical Regulations》, according to investigation Zhangye City the northern suburb of wetland resources belong to two types and seven categories. Among which, the natural wetlands includes water area, herbal marshes, inland salt marshes, floodplains in four categories; artificial wetland includes ditches, rice fields and fish ponds in three categories. The distribution of wetland resource is shown in Figure 3.3-2.

The total area of wetland in northern suburbs is 25,995 acres, of which the natural wetlands is 23,710 acres of, accounting for 91.2% of the wetlands’ total, artificial wetlands is 2,285 acres, accounting for 8.8% of the total area of wetlands. The survey and statistics of Northern suburb of wetlands is given in Table 3.3-1.

Northern suburb of wetlands is shown in Figure 3.3-1.

55 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 3.3-1 the survey and statistics of Northern suburb of wetlands unit: acres

natural wetlands artificial wetland river wetland swamp wetland irrigating land Area of Unit inland wetlands Sub-to herbal pits or river floodpl salt Sub-total rice ditche tal; marshe ponds water ains marshe fields s s s Xindun 7559 7079 658 2899 3522 480 431 49 township Sanzha 5007 3873 68 1721 2084 1134 733 5 396 township Wujiang 622 621 37 364 220 1 1 township Industrial Park 5898 5228 1284 3944 670 670 forest farm in Heihe beach of 6909 6909 1610 5229 Xichengyi Total 25995 23710 2373 5229 6268 9770 2285 1165 5 1115

(1) Natural wetlands

In the northern suburb of Zhangye City, the types of natural wetlands are: 2,373 acres of river waters areas, accounting for 10% of the total natural wetlands area, 6,268 acres of herbal marshes wetlands, accounting for 26.4%, 9,770 acres of inland salt marsh, accounting for 41.2%, 5,299 acres of floodplain wetlands, plains, accounting for 22.3%. Marsh wetland is the main types of the northern suburb of wetlands, which distributes herbal marshes and scrub wetlands, and scattered inland salt marsh. Xinhe River is the only river in northern suburb of wetlands, in order to improve the water supply of wetlands.

(2) Artificial wetlands

The artificial wetlands includes: 1165 acres of rice fields, accounting for 51.6% of the total area of wetland, 1,115 acres of pits and pond water areas, accounting for 48.7%, 5 acres of ditches, accounting for 0.2%.

3.3.2 Overview of the distribution of wetland water course

In addition to Baita, Xiguan, and Beiguan Village in Xindun township are on Yinke irrigated area (Yinke water management office) in northern suburb of wetlands of Zhangye City, the remaining area belongs to Wujiang irrigated area (Wujiang water management office). Baita, Xiguan, and Beiguan Village in Xindun township extracted groundwater for irrigation, not use the surface water to irrigate.

The scope of control for Wujiang water management office shall include Wujiang, Sanzha, Jing'an, Xindun, Pingshanhu five townships all or part of administrative regions, 30 administrative villages, 266 cooperatives, designs 89,000 acres of irrigated area, the 89,000 acres of effective irrigation area, belongs to well, river, spring mixed irrigation areas. The water using pattern is complex, which is subdivided into Ta’er, Yongfeng, Xianfeng, Yuanfeng,

56 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Gengming, A’xue, Dongquan, Youben the eight canal system, with a total of 12 trunk, 92.3 km; 41 branches, 126.76km, 420 electromechanical wells, 33 irrigation stations, and 2 small embankments.

In the wetland reserves, Heihe beach wetland reserve belongs to state- owned forestland, Heihe river crosses from the wetlands, no irrigation canal system. The wetland in east of New River, the irrigation canal from east to west, includes respectively Dongquan canal system, A’xue canal system, the Gengming canal system, whose orientation is north and south. Dongquan canal system is located in the west of Zhanggong road ,the east of Kunlun Road, and the south of Gaozhai branch canal. A’xue cannel system lies between Kunlun Road and Zhang Jinggong Road; The Gengming canal system is located in the west of Zhangjing Road and the east of Xinhe.

3.3.2.1 Dongquan canal system

Dongquan canal system in the wetland reserves has only canal irrigation channels, emptying into Huangshui ditch in the north of Lan-Xin Railway.

(1) Irrigation canal system

The main ditch of Dongquan running north and south, Yinma River of Changshamen in the south, pass through Jinshayuan,Jinanyuan subdivisions , industrial park building, No.312 Highway to north , and flows through Xinyuan subdivisions, Vocational Education Center, 796 mining community, Yumen oil additives plant, Sanqiang Chemicals company, non-ferrous metals company, Shandan cement plant Zhangye branch, Gansu non-ferrous smelting four teams, Guoxiang malt company and other units of the west side of the wall, through the Lan-Xin Railway, emptying into Huangshui ditch to the west, Huangshui through Tianqiao and Gaozhai villages of Shanzha township, and flows into Shandan River.

The length of main canal in the south of Lan-xin railway is 6.452km, at 100m south of Zhangye goods yard the opening toward the northwest is directly under sixteen, through Dongquan forth community settlements, petroleum corporation tank, original department store and the medical stations warehouse the department store, flow through Lan-xin railway north into Huangshui ditch, the length of 1.0km.

The water source of Dongquan canal system in history is Yinma river spring in the South of city, at present water source in the upper section is the Yinma sewage water flow into Jinshayuan, Jinanyuan subdivisions, industrial park residential areas, traffic police detachment residential area, highway division office residential area, the Xinyuan subdivisions, Xia’ancun village the third co-operations, the Wenshan subdivisions, Vocational Education Center, 796 mining community, Gansu non-ferrous smelting four teams’ and other peripheral units of domestic sewage and Guangyu paper, Sanqiang chemicals, non-ferrous metals company, Shandan cement plant Zhangye branch, Guoxiang malt, City industrial cloth Factory, Lantian glassworks, petroleum corporation and other units of industrial wastewater.

The 962m covered channel from Changshamen to traffic police detachment residential area,

57 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report is built by the developer unit, have different structural style, cross dimensions, and flow capacity. Counting from open channel of the north of the traffic police detachment residential area, the total length of Dongquan channel reaches 6.452km, in which the upper section of 5.05km soil channel, ranging from 1～5m width, 1～1.5m depth, flow capacity 1.5m3/s or so, the lower section of 1.4km (from Zhishujiudou to Lan-Xin railway) for the cast-in-situ concrete lining building, with channel depth of 0.8m,the channel outfall width of 1.8m, flow capacity 0.8 m3/s . There are 31 buildings along the main channel, of which has 18 water gates and 13 axles. the area of irrigated land will reaches 4855 acres, of which: 2424 acres of farmland, 2431 acres of woodland. Dongquan Xia’an village and 2 villages 4 co-operatives a northeast suburb zhangjiazhuang co-operative will be benefit from it,. The main channel along directly lateral canal has 16, with the length of 4.974km, 16 buildings, including: 10 water gates, 6 axles. Dongquan canal system has 11 wells to supplemental irrigation.

The main channel of Dongquan 1 – behind the traffic police detachment residential area, with broad-shallow of the channel, the section has no industrial wastewater

(2) A drainage ditch

Yellow water is located in northeast outskirt Jinghou Road on the south side of East Canal retreat clough began to West 30m through Jinghou Road, the Chinese medicine Station on the west side door, department store station, north to wear the Lan-Xin Railway, Bridge Village eleven clubs residents on the west side of the three gate, on the West side of town government road continues northward into the Shandan River bridge. Full-length of Yellow ditch is 6.02km with thedischarge capacity of 3.0m3 / s.

3.3.2.2 A’xue canal system

(1) The irrigation canal system

The water source of A’xue canal system in history is the spring of the city, nowdays which comes from the urban domestic sewage and spring. The domestic sewage that enters into reed pond the East Circular in the east of City flows through the north side of the North Circular the underdrain into the reed pond on the eastern side of Sishan Bridge. The domestic sewage in the west of city flows through subterranean pipe in the extension of North Street into the reed pond on the eastern side of Sishan bridge, i.e. flows into A’ Xue main canal . A’xue canal system controls the irrigation area of 17200 acres, Liuquan. Erzha, Wayao, Sanzha, Gaozhai and five villages and 34 co benefit for spring, two, village gate, gate three, Gao Zhai made five of 34 co-operatives and 7824 people will be benefit from it. There are26 wells of A’xue main canal in the wetland reserve, there are 34 wells outside of wetland protection areas. A’Xue main canal reach out from Sishan bridge to north, through 2, 5, 6 ,8,9, 8 co-operatives of Liuquan village, ends in Guanzhakou, with the 6.22km of total-length, aqueduct canal, width of 5 ~ 60m, depth of 2 ~ 5m or so, the channel is covered with water plant, flow capacity of 1.5m3 / s or so. The 962m covered channel from Changshamen to traffic police detachment residential area, is built by the developer unit, have different structural style, cross dimensions, and flow capacity. The main channel along lines has 14 buildings, including: 14 water gates, 6 axles and 1 aqueduct.

58 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report The main canal will be diverted from Gao Zhai branch canal opening on the right bank on the north of Liuquan the sixth co-operatives settlements (pile No. 2+400), its terminal (pile No. 6+220) quartered, from east to west, is divided into Wayao branch, Erzha branch, Sanzha branch, Guanzhagou sub lateral canal. In addition, Chengtouza branch canal diverted from the east end of the reed pond also belongs to A’xue canal system. Now each branch accounts follows

(1) The Chengtouza branch canal from the East Circular reed pond openings, to the northwest with culvert form pass through Hesheng road, Chengdong Road, the first branch institution of hydropower design Relation Building, 300m long, the soil canal behind this building, north-south direction, 1.88 km long. It flows through the sixth co-operatives of Liuquan village into Gaozhai branch canal. The channel length of 2.180km, the flow capacity is 0.5 m3/s, irrigation area is 2394 acres, and the sixth co-operatives of Liuquan village will be benefit from it. There are 10 buildings along channel lines, including: 5water gates, 3axles and 2 aqueducts. The Gao Zhai branch canal is diverted from the north of liuquan the sixth co-operatives settlements (pile No. 2+400) opening, soil canal to carry water, discharge capacity of 0.6 m3/s, channel extends to northwest, through the suburb of dry discharge, across the south side of sewage treatment plant, north to pass through Lan-Xin Railway, through the overpass, flows through Tianqiao and Gaozhai village into Shandan River. The overall length of Gaozhai branch canal is 8.04km, which is 4.77km in the south of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway line , 3.27km in the north, There are 10 buildings along channel lines, including: 5 water gates,4 axles and 1 aqueducts. Gaozhai village benefits from Gaozhai branch canal, 5679 acres of irrigated area. The Wayao branch canal is diverted from the end of the A’xue main canal Guanzhakou, channel extends to northwest, soil canal to carry water, discharge capacity of 0.6 m3/s, and the length of Gaozhai branch canal is 2.16km in the south of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway linem, 3.97km in the north, There are 3 buildings, including: 2 water gates and 1 axles. Wayao village and the second ,third co-operatives of Erzha village benefits will benefit from Gaozhai branch canal, 5679 acres of surface water irrigated area. The Erzha branch canal is diverted from the end of Guanzhakou, running north and south, the flow capacity is0.5 m3/s, with 4.6km of full-length, soil canal to carry water, which is 2.05 km in the he south of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, 2.55km in the north, which flows into Alkali River in the second co-operatives. There are 6 buildings, including: 4water gates and 2 axles. The second ,third ,first, sixth, seventh, eighth co-operatives of Erzha villages, and seventh co-operatives of Sanzha villages will benefit from the branch canal, 3358 acres of surface water irrigated area. The Sanzha branch canal is diverted from the end of from the main A’xue canal Guanzhakou, running north and south, the flow capacity of 0.5 m3/s, with

59 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 5.47km of the full-length, carrying water by soil canal, across Zhangjing Road in the east of the third co-operatives of Sanzha villages residential settlements, through the fourth, fifth and sixth co-operatives of Sanzha villages to the northwest, across Zhangjing Road in the north of the sixth co-operatives of Sanzha villages residential ,flows through the north side of the seventh co-operatives of Sanzha villages into Alkali river. There are 9 buildings, including: 2 water gates,3 axles and 4 aqueducts. The fourth, fifth and sixth seventh co-operatives of Sanzha villages Gaozhai village benefits from the branch canal, 1438 acres of irrigated area. The Guanzhagou sub lateral canal is diverted from the end of from the main A’xue canal, running north and south, with a length of 1.6km,

Carrying water by soil canal, discharge capacity is 0.3m3/s. The first, second, third co-operatives of Erzha villages benefits from the branch canal, 579 acres of surface water irrigated area.

(2) The drains

There are three drains of A’xue canal system in the wetland reserve, while they are suburban dry discharge, Wayao dry discharge and Alkali River.

(1) The suburb main discharge: Suburban main discharged in history start with East Circular reed pool, along the west side of Kunlun Avenue, after across the Lan-Xin line, straight through Shandan River, is used for drainage of the urban sewage and along the farmland. At present in the construction of sewage treatment plant, the South of Gaozhai branch has been land filled. From north to Gaozhai branch from the North outlet in the west of sewage treatment plant, after across the Lan-Xin line ,straight through Shandan River, mainly used for drain of industrial Park industrial sewage. In the south of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, the drains in the north side of sewage treatment plant flows into suburban dry drainage toward the northwest. The suburban dry drainage in the south of Suburban Railway lining is 1.29km, in the north of railway the lining of 1.59km, is the trapezoid -arc cast-in-situ concrete channel, with the width of 5m canal mouth, depth of 1.8m canal. After across Lan-Xin Railway, through the salt stations in Sanzha village and Gaozhai village, it flows into the Shandan River. The full-length id 7.45km, the lining is 2.88km, the remaining is the soil canal, and flow ability is 3.0m3/s. Alkali River

The beginning of Alkali River is located at the northwest corner the second co-operatives of Erzha residential settlements Erzha branch canal, which is the subsiding water canal of Erzha branch, Sanzha branch. The course of the river flows through the second co-operatives of Erzha, the seventh co-operatives of Sanzha toward northwest ,in the South side of Lan-Xin Railway into Sanzha branch for subsiding water. Across Lan-Xin Railway, through the main canal of Gengming and Zhangjing Road to pass through the eleventh

60 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report co-operatives of Sanzha, the north of Gengming main canal turning westward 50m flows into the Gengming villages’ eleventh cooperative settlements flows into Xinhe River to the northwest. The full-length of river is 6.15km, flow capacity of 1.0 m3/s, mainly discharge the recession water after irrigated by the Eezha branch canal, Sanzha branch canal and springs along the way.

The Wayao main discharge: The Wayao dry discharge in history extending from black ditch 0+500 to north, through the tenth co-operatives of Liuquan village ,blending with the Gengmingdong eastern main canal, then, through Zhangjing Road to north, flows through Lan-Xin Railway to the northeast into the Shandan River, at last into the Heihe river. The south of Lan-Xin Railway of canal section has been basically abandoned. From Lan-Xin Railway, The Wayao main discharge of full-length is 2.5Km.

3.3.2.3 Gengming canal system

Because of the high underground water level, Gengming canal system has formed a relatively perfect irrigation canal, the upstream channel collecting water for irrigation, the irrigation and discharge of the canal system on the lower-middle reaches is in a crisscross, in the midstream drainage ditches collecting farmland drainage for irrigation in the downstream. The main irrigation canal systems have, Geng Ming eastern main canal, Gengming western canal, Gengming main canal Black water ditch, the main drainage ditches has in Xinhe River and west main drain.

(1) the irrigation canal system

The Geng Ming canal history from Heihe coast east of flood diversion mouth diversion, in the comprehensive management of the Heihe River Basin flood diversion export Middle East has abandoned. Current situation of water source for New River Geng Mingqu is in the wetland and water bus. Wetland in New River is mainly Geng Mingdong canal and black ditch two springs junction channels, Geng Mingxi from the New River water diversion canal.

The Sanzha branch canal is diverted from the end of from the main A’xue canal Guanzhakou, running north and south, the flow capacity of 0.5 m3/s, with 5.47km of the full-length, carrying water by soil canal, across Zhangjing Road in the east of the third co-operatives of Sanzha villages residential, through the fourth, fifth and sixth co-operatives of Sanzha villages to the northwest, across Zhangjing Road in the north of the sixth co-operatives of Sanzha villages residential ,flows through the north side of the seventh co-operatives of Sanzha villages into Alkali river. There are 9 buildings, including: 2 water gates,3 axles and 4 aqueducts. The fourth, fifth and sixth seventh co-operatives of Sanzha villages Gaozhai village benefits from the branch canal, 1438 acres of irrigated area.

a) Geng Ming eastern main canal:

Starting with the fifth co-operatives of Baita villages residential settlements, converged by underground springs, extends to the northeast, along which progressively assemble spring, five clubs, through farmland in the fifth co-operatives of Baita villages, around the secondary

61 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report school’s farm boundaries, toward north across the tenth co-operatives of Liuquan village, through Sunjiahu village, the third co-operatives of Sanzha village, the tenth co-operatives of Liuquan village , the second co-operatives of Sanzha village, on the north side of which flows into the main channel Gengming, with the full-length of 6.27km. Along the way there are buildings 18, including: 5 water gates, 10 axles and 43 aqueducts. The third, fourth, and tenth co-operatives of Liuquan villages, the first, second, and third co-operatives of Sanzha village benefit from the branch canal, 2204acres of irrigated area. (Include Huanghua canal).

b) Gengming western main canal

From on the west side of the first co-operatives of Sanzha villages Xinhe River openings diversion water, to north round through the first co-operatives of Sanzha villages farmland, from the west of the first co-operatives of Sanzha villages residential settlements to the third co-operatives of Sanzha villages farmland turn east, flows into Geng Ming main canal, with the full-length of 6.27km. There are buildings 8, including: 2 water gates, 4 axles and 2 aqueducts. The first, second, and third co-operatives of Sanzha village benefit from the branch canal, and has 922 acres of irrigated area.

c) The black ditch

Water source is located in the secondary school’s farm, collected by underground springs, which runs through the secondary school’s farm south to north. There is a single control diversion gate in the 0+510 spot. The control mouth is 1m wide, outlet is 0.6m wide, 1.2m high, diversion canal eastward is 1.1km long. Black ditch in the 1+000 point bend to run toward west 105m, but turns toward northeast 430m, continued to run through the first co-operatives of Sanzha village, the tenth co-operatives of Liuquan village, along the Guangou canal through Gengming eastern main drain to the first co-operatives of Sanzha villages settlements, then flows into the Gengming eastern main canal. The full-length of canal is 4.14Km, irrigation area of 531 acres, a total of building 15, including 7 water gates,5 axles and 3 aqueducts.

The Gengming main canal start with the eastern, western main canal interchange (the second co-operatives of Erzha villages the main road Dacheqiao spot), northward runs through the third, fourth, eighth, ninth co-operatives of Sanzha village turning to the northeast through the Lan-Xin Railway Bridge, continuing through Zhang Jing Road to east, to north along the eastern side Zhang Jing Road into the Shandan River, which is 6.62 Km full-length, of which is 2+200～6+000 soil canal, 2+200～6+000 concrete lining, the design flow of 0.64 m3/s, 6+000～6+620 soil canal, Which is 2.26 Km in south of Lan-Xin Railway Line, 4.36km in the north of Lan-Xin Railway. There are a total of 23 buildings, including: 8water gates,7 axles and 8 aqueducts. It will benefit the eighth, ninth ,tenth, eleventh, twelfth co-operatives of Sanzha villages and Geng Ming villages including 15 co-operatives, irrigation area of 4931 acres.

Road ditch Irrigating gate irrigates spring from the third co-operatives of Liuquan villages residential settlements , Caohu beach in the south side of Zhangjing Road residents turning, through the Zhangjing Road to north along in the west side of Zhang Jing Road Beiguan gas

62 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report station, Red gold holiday village ,the east of bureau of transportation highway maintenance management station, crossing Zhang Jing road into woodland, with 2.945km of full-length, soil canal to carry water, There are a total of 15 buildings, including:1 water gates, and 12 axles, approved by surface water irrigation area of 254 acres.

Huanghua canal: the irrigating gate is located in North Circular Posts and telecommunications Hotel 100m, North Circular Road Bridge, water source is mainly urban sewage. The canal from the North Circular outlet extending to north around lines Bureau office building, and District Welfare Institute, until to the fourth co-operatives of Beiguan villages is the soil canal, with 610m long, at 0+610 spots there are culvert bridge with 3mφ100 long. Starting with 0+610 spots to north until to 0+804 spots is cover plate channel, with 194m long. At 1+104 spots through the Zhang Jing highway after 280m channel lost, until to the 1+386 spot appear to forming soil canal to north, across the fourth co-operatives of Liuquan village to Gaojia beach to end. The channel is 2.86km of the full-length, irrigation the first, third, and fourth co-operatives of Liuquan village, total irrigation area of 620 acres, there are a total of 28 buildings, including: 21 water gates, and 7 axles.

Yellow water storage ditch: The reservoir water source comes from the west of Zhang Jing Road, the second co-operative of Sanzha villages flat pasture ground water. Through the first co-operative of Sanzha villages’ desolated lands, the first, third, and eighth co-operative of Sanzha villages farmland, in 1+030 spot to the east through the Zhangjing highway into the sixth co-operative of Sanzha villages, irrigating the sixth co-operative of Sanzha villages farmland. In the west of Zhangjing Road to continue from south to north through the second, third co-operative of Sanzha village’s farmland, at the fourth co-operative of Sanzha village into the Gengming canal, with 2.740km full-length. There are a total of 18 buildings, including: 7 water gates, 8axles and 3 aqueducts. Irrigated area is 593 acres.

(2) drainage ditch

Wayao main drain: Wayao main drain in history from the black ditch 0+500 to begin to extend northward, through the tenth co-operative of Liuquan village with the Gengming eastern main canal intersection , then turned northward through Zhangjing Road, after continues to northeastward cross through the Lan-Xin Railway into the Shandan River, then join the Heihe river. The upper section in the Gengming canal system (and the south of Its intersection with Gengming eastern main canal) is charged with the drainage task, the water flow into Gengming eastern main canal, 1.57Km long, Gengming eastern main canal on the north side has abandoned.

West main drain: West main drain collects the water source from the underground spring water in the south of the first co-operative of Sanzha villages the Sunjiahu beach, flows into the eastern, western branch drain in pile No. 0+560 spot, across the Geng Mingxi western main canal from south to north At pile No. 4+504. Western main drain pass through the first, second, third, fourth, eighth, ninth co-operatives of Sanzha village farmland towards the north straightly, since eighth co-operatives of Sanzha village for irrigation, flows into Xinhe river in the west of ninth co-operative of Sanzha village, with the full-length of 5km. There are a total of 18 buildings, including: 3 water gates, 9 axles and 6 aqueducts. Irrigated area is

63 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 520 acres.

Xinhe River: The starting of Xinhe River water source is located in the east of flood diversion opening, by the Zhangye chemical fertilizer plant, paper plant back, by the bridge of Xinhe River across No.312 Highway, pass through northward Lan-Xin Railway, via Yuanfeng fifth co-operatives, eleventh co-operatives of Gengming into Heihe river. Water source is the fountain and of industrial sewage, the full length of river channel is 16.6km, flow ability of 4.0m3 / s in Lower River. Xinhe River is an irrigation channel, and also a drainage ditch. There are 6 irrigating gates river along the river, which is of Xiejiawan sharp groove, Xiejiawan East ditch, Yuanfeng East Xingou, Yuanfeng East under the new, on the eastern shore of Geng Mingxi dry lead gap, Jing'an the canal water diversion outlets.

3.3.3 Water resources situation of the wetlands

3.3.3.1 Surface water resources

Surface water resources in the wetlands area mainly flows from the urban household wastewater and the northern industrial park domestic sewage, industrial wastewater and springs overflow.

Wastewater resources: according to the urban material on extraction from groundwater collected by the water company, Ganzhou district water resources management office, and collected data of industrial wastewater by the bureau of environmental protection in Ganzhou district, and the material of spring flow measurement by the engineering geology and hydrogeological investigation institution of geology and minerals bureau of Gansu, according to emissions a month and using survey, can calculate the water resources utilization of the canals.

(1) The wastewater discharge of Dongquan canal system is 7.04 million m3/a, the utilization for 720,000 m3/a. (2) The wastewater discharge of A’xue canal system is 10.155 million m3/a, the utilization for 6.242 million m3/a. (3) The wastewater discharge of Gengming canal system is 0. (4) The wastewater discharge of Xinhe river is 2.247 million m3/a, The gate along Xinhe river has pointed ditch, Xiejiawan pointed ditch, Xiejiawan eastern ditch, Yuanfeng eastern new ditch, Yuanfengxia eastern new ditch on the west bank, on the east bank of the irrigating gate of Gengming western main canal and Youben canal system . Because of the smaller proportion of wastewater in Xinhe river water, and most of wastewater is drawn in front of water-drawing gate in Gengming western main canal, the amount of water-drawing is very few, not included the water resources in Gengming canal system.

The total amount of Sewage resources is 17.195 million m3, the utilization for 6.962 million m3.

64 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Reserve spring water resources: The engineering geology and hydro geological investigation institution of geology and minerals bureau of Gansu actually measure the main springs domain springs quantity of flow by the north of GanZhou city, the south of lanzhou-xinjiang railway, between ZhangHuo Road and Xinhe river, compared to previous spring survey results, according to spring near the wetland area dynamic long-term observation resources compared calculation and analysis, wetland reserve (including Xinhe river) springs overflow quantity is 117.94 million m3 (the discharge of the entry spring of 17.07 million m3, the discharge of exit spring of 135.01 million m3).

(1) The spring water overflow quantity is 0 in Dongquan canal system. (2) The spring water overflow quantity in A’xue canal system is 10.8633 million m3/a in the wetland protection area; the utilization of for 6.117 million m3/a. (3) The spring water overflow quantity in Gengming canal system is 30.67 million m3/a in the wetland protection area; the utilization for 7 million m3/a. (4) The quantity of entry water of Xinhe river in wetland protection area is 17.07 million m3, the discharge of exit spring of 92.64 million m3, springs overflow quantity is 75.57 million m3/a,. The gate along Xinhe river has pointed ditch, Xiejiawan pointed ditch, Xiejiawan eastern ditch, Yuanfeng eastern new ditch, Yuanfengxia eastern new ditch on the west bank, on the east bank of the irrigating gate of Gengming western main canal and Youben canal system . Because of the amount of water-drawing is very few, not included the water resources in Gengming canal system.

Spring water resources amount to 42.367 million m3, the utilization for 14.977 million m3.

The surface water resources amount to 59.562 million m3, the utilization for 21.408 million m3.

3.3.3.2 Groundwater resources

The wetland reserve in the northern suburb of Ganzhou district is located in alluvial fan leaning fine soil plains, terrain is high in the south and lower in the north , bordered by Zhangjing Road, in the west side tilt from southwest to northeast, in the east side tilt from south to north, Landforms slope is 4～4.5‰.

The groundwater in district is supplied by the lateral flow of southern groundwater and the flow of deep confined water. From the southeast to northwest migration, part of groundwater in the northern urban to the south of lanzhou-xinjiang railway overflows surface in the form of springs, converted to the surface water, flows into the Heihe river, part of the groundwater continue to run off to north, and finally drain out Heihe river.

Based on the hydro geologic data analysis, groundwater in wetland reserve main accept southern groundwater lateral inflows, from southeast to northwest runoff, a tapering granule in the aquifer, the hydraulic conductivity weaker, terrain low and slow, groundwater overflow the surface, form the perennial accumulated water wetland and salinization wetland, reed meadows wetland and seasonal accumulated water wetlands; In addition, according to the

65 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report engineering geology and hydro geological investigation institution of geology and minerals bureau of Gansu on investigation of groundwater isotope in recent years study, water chemical analysis, springs flow dynamic research, thermodynamics research, wetland nature reserve groundwater is still accept the flow of deep groundwater recharge, its supply mode still awaits investigation.

The area widely distributes Quaternary System Holocene proluvial sandy loam soil, the clay loam, gravel, and sand gravel, to compose the multi-story structure diving - confined water watery complex. The ground water deposit hosts in the gravel, and sand gravel. Single-layer thick 20～30 m, generally the depth of first water-bearing layer roof is 20～30m, the shallowest is 5m.The water level of groundwater burying depth majority of land sectors is smaller than 1m, the area from the west of the Liuquan village to the train station is 1-3 m, in the low-lying area groundwater overflows the surface. The artesian head is higher than 1～2 m groundwater level, is higher than 0.5～3.0 m the surface.

The well flow of water yield, what buried in the first aquifer roof of the confined water aquifers, is 1000～3000 m3/d (pipe diameter of 10 ", drop deep 5 m, the same hereinafter); in the confined water top, which also distributes surface groundwater, lithologic character in the aquifer is fine sandy loam and fine sand, the thickness is generally 0.5-2.0 m, the well flow of water yield is 100-1000 m3/d.

2+ 2+ Groundwater water quality is good, the water chemical type is mostly HCO3-Ca -Mg and 2- 2+ 2+ HCO3--SO4 -Ca -Mg , the degree of mineralization is usually 300-700 mg/L, total hardness is 249.2-845.7 mg/L.

There are 71 groundwater irrigation wells in wetland protection area. The quantity of extraction water is 6.29 million m3. The statistics of wetland spring water resources is given in table 3.3-2.

3.3.4 Water resources present situation evaluation

The industrial wastewater discharged into Dongquan canal system do not meet the standards of the irrigation water quality, belongs to unavailability water resources, and has caused serious land, water pollution, discharge after making it meet the standard. Part of the forest land depend on wastewater irrigation, about 2,400 acres of forest land has no water for irrigation.

The water quantity of urban wastewater (including a small industrial sewage), groundwater, and spring in A’xue canal system can basically meet the irrigation demands; the water quality in some parts cannot reach the irrigation water quality standards. The 981 acres of forest land has not irrigation water.

The water quantity and water quality in Gengming canal system can satisfy the current irrigation requirements.

As the industrial and domestic waste water concentration collection and handling, Dongquan

66 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report and A’xue canal system will lose the main water source; need to consider agricultural irrigation water. The supply and demand balance on the current conditions is given in table 3.3-3 (the current conditions of supply and demand of water resources balance table).

67 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

Table 3.3-3 Present situation of water resources supply-demand balance table

Water demanding amount（ten thousands 3 Irrigation area（mu） 3 Available water（ten thousands m ） m ） water deficiency amount （ ten thousands m

Canal System System Canal Within Outside Outside Within wetland Well water wetland wetland wetland

Subtotal Subtotal subtotal sewage sewage amount outside outside district outside spring spring amount within ＃ within district Water intake intake Water intake Water driven well driven well woodland woodland woodland woodland farmland farmland farmland farmland district district district 3 ）

Dongq 1 2424 2431 0 0 4855 208.5 102.1 0.0 0 310.6 98.0 0.0 11 110.0 0 0.0 208.0 102.6 uan 2 A’sue 6135 981 10059 0 17175 527.6 41.2 865.1 0 1433.9 545.1 637.3 26 99.0 34 110.0 1391.4 42.4 Geng 3 9530 553 3809 0 13892 819.6 23.2 327.6 0 1170.4 0.0 860.4 34 272.0 16 38.0 1170.4 0.0 ming 1497. 4 Total 18089 3965 13868 0 35922 1555.7 166.5 1192.6 0 2914.8 643.1 71 481.0 50 148.0 2769.8 145.0 7

Notes: 1、at present irrigation norm farmland is 860m3/mu, woodland 420m3/mu. 2、Status quo water shortage mainly shows no water irrigation in woodland. 3、Irrigated area is subject to the area on August 27, 2008. 4、After sewage is cut off, required supplementary irrigation water is 6.431 million m3 , after stopping extracting groundwater within wetland reserves, required supplementary irrigation water is 2.09 million m3, coupled with the status quo water shortage 1.45 million m3, All need water 9.972 million m3.

68 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

Table 3.3-2 wetland spring resources Water amount （ten thousands m3） Canal Monthly System 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Yearly total mean Xinhe 575.5 489.3 622.5 593.4 717.5 574.1 725.5 543.7 748.0 825.6 614.5 527.4 629.7 7556.9 Gengming 229.0 194.7 247.7 236.1 285.5 228.4 288.7 216.3 297.6 328.5 244.5 209.9 250.6 3007.0 A’xue 93.6 79.6 101.3 96.6 116.7 93.4 118.0 88.5 121.7 134.3 100.0 85.8 102.5 1229.7 Dongquan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Month by month 898.1 763.6 971.5 926.1 1119.7 895.9 1132.2 848.5 1167.3 1288.4 959.0 823.1 982.8 11793.6 total

69 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 3.3.5 Wetland land use status

(1) Basic conditions of the soil climate of Zhangye Northern suburb wetland is wet, groundwater level is high, the majority of regional groundwater depth is 0.5-2m, mostly farmland relies on spring to irrigate, water is abundant, no soil drought risk, some farmland is suitable for planting rice and other water plants. High underground water level brings tidal and salt issues to the region, water hazards are major constraints for land use, fertilizing soil and other agricultural production. Soil types are mainly meadow soil, moisture soil, brook stopping soil, salt meadow soil, swamp soil. Most are lacustrine deposits, grey-green silty clay, sporadic distributed yellow clay or humus-rich surface layer of sludge.

Soil is more developed in river alluvial property, texture is more light, soil deep, due to groundwater level is mostly in 0.5-2m, most deep does not over 5m, local has seasonal water, groundwater salinity is between 0.4-3.22 g/l, in soil the water is adequate, air is less, good oxygen sexual biological activities are blocked, which does not conducive to mineralization of organic, effect direction and process of soil forming, formed natural soil dominated by grass meadow soil and farming soil dominated by moisture soil.

(2) The present situation of land utilization

The total land area of Northern suburb wetland area is 61,622 Mu, of which 25,995 Mu wetlands, accounting for 42.1% of the total area; cultivated land 17,761 Mu (10,722 Mu farmland, reclaimed land 6834 Mu, 205 Mu newly reclaimed land), accounting for 28.9% of the total area; forest land 3518 Mu, 5.7% of the total area; construction land 12,580 Mu, 20.4% of the total area; land for transportation is1356 mu, 2.2% of the total area; 256 Mu unused land, 0.4% of the total area; 156 Mu other (Special) land, 0.3% of the total area. As shown in Table 3.3-3.

Table3.3-3 Statistical Table of land using present status in northern suburb wetland area Unit: Household, Person, Mu Arable land Other Newly Constr Investigated Land Wetlan Reclai Forest traffic Unuse (speci Sub-to Farm reclai uction entity area d area med land L land d land al use) tal Land med land land land land Xindun town 21143 7559 8311 5579 2549 183 1167 3578 484 44 Sanzhan 13457 5007 7404 4193 3189 22 149 795 61 41 town Wujiang town 747 622 110 101 9 7 8 Garden in industrial 19339 5898 1936 849 1087 2202 8200 803 144 156 area Tree farm in 6936 6909 27 Xichengyi Total 61622 25995 17761 10722 6834 205 3518 12580 1356 256 156

70 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 3.3.6 Wetland vegetation and plant resources

(1) Vegetation species within wetland area

Within the project wetland area there are several ecosystems, such as prairie, desert, paddy fields, water etc., which improves region's environmental infrastructure of the composition diversity of plant species. Due to low-lying, plant distribution mainly contains aquatic plants and helophyte, but it is dominated by helophyte and emergent plants, such as multicaulis Potentilla, calamus and sedge etc.; inland salt marsh plants basically includes Tamarix chinensis, oleaster; irrigation land vegetation basically has rice, corn. Distribution according to family, genus and species, plants mainly have 45 families,124 genera and 195 species, such as Equisetaceae, Polygonaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Ranunculaceae, Leguminosae, Gramineae, Cruciferae, Rosaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Malvaceae, Epilobium Division Blue Blood Disease, Asteraceae, Potamogetonaceae, Juncaceae, Orchidaceae etc.

Vegetation types distribution of northern suburb wetland are shown in Figure 3.3-5.

(2) Wetland vegetation types

In August 2010, Zhangye Heihe Basin Wetland Management Bureau has sample investigation on ecological system of project area in "Heihe Basin middle reaches wetland recovery and governance project", set 23 samples within engineering area, of which Ganzhou northern suburb wetland set 9 samples (samples points distribution figure see Figure 3.3-6), investigation parameters mainly have number (strains Plexus), height and community total cover degree, sample investigation results see table 3.3-4~3.3-12.

Table 3.3-4 Vegetation investigation of plant communities sample record table (1#) Community name Elymus community Sample number 1# location Ganzhou northern suburb wetland Date 2010.08.06 geographical N：38°59ˊ18〞E：100°27ˊ59″ Elevation 1458m communities coordinates sample Community record table Sample area 1m×1m=1m2 21mu total area Seasonal waterlogged within project area, dominated by Elymus, forming a Environmental single dominant population community, associated with small amounts of condition herbs, community total coverage is about 85%. number community specie number specie name height（m） （plant/cluster） total coverage Achnatherun 1 30 1.4 splenens（Trin. 2 Elymus 100 1.1 Cephalanoplos species 3 Casual 0.3 record table segetum Ice-Chenopodium 85% 4 Casual 0.25 album Oriental 5 Cynanchum Casual 1.2 auriculatum 6 Alkali awnings Casual 0.25

71 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

Table 3.3-5 Vegetation investigation of plant communities sample record table (2#) Community Sample Cattail community 2# name number location Ganzhou northern suburb wetland Date 2010.08.06 geographic al communities N：38°59ˊ17〞E：100°27ˊ54〞 Elevation 1453m coordinate sample s record table Sample Community 1m×1m=1m2 425mu area total area Environme Permanent waterlogged within project area, dominated by cattails, associated with ntal a variety of aquatic plants, community coverage is about 90%. condition specie number community specie name height（m） number （plant/cluster） total coverage 1 Cattail 28 1.9 2 Potamogeton natans Casual 0.8 species record table 3 Ceratophyllum demersum Casual 1.1 90% 4 Potamogeton perfoliatus Casual 0.95 5 Tamarix ramosisma Ledeb. Casual 0.7 6 Reeds Casual 1.2

Table 3.3-6 Vegetation investigation of plant communities sample record table (3#) Community Sample Cattail community 3# name number location Ganzhou northern suburb wetland Date 2010.08.06 geographical communities N：38°59ˊ18〞E：100°27ˊ52〞 Elevation 1454m coordinates sample record table Communit Sample area 1m×1m=1m2 190mu y total area Permanent waterlogged within project area, dominated by cattails, Environmenta associated with a variety of aquatic plants, community coverage is about l condition 98%. specie number community specie name height（m） number （plant/cluster） total coverage 1 Cattail 25 0.5 2 reed Casual 0.35 species record 3 Tamarix Casual 0.40 table S. planiculmis Fr. Casual 4 0.45 98% Schmidt 5 Hornwort Casual 0.6 Inula britannica Casual 6 0.40 chinensis

72 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 3.3-7 Vegetation investigation of plant communities sample record table (4#) Community Sample Elymus community 4# name number location Ganzhou northern suburb wetland Date 2010.08.06 geographical communities N：38°59ˊ16〞E：100°27ˊ46〞 Elevation 1454m coordinates sample record table Community Sample area 1m×1m=1m2 190mu total area Seasonal waterlogged within project area, dominated by Elymus, forming a Environmental single dominant population community, Associated with a variety of condition saline-alkali tolerance of plants, community total coverage is about 55%. number community total specie number specie name height（m） （plant/cluster） coverage 1 Elymus 30 0.7 2 Bukko arundinacea 4 0.8 Agrostis 3 7 0.6 matsumurae 4 Reed Casual 0.8 species record table 5 Alkali awnings Casual 0.32 6 Dandelion Casual 0.40 55% S. planiculmis Fr. Casual 7 0.45 Schmidt Ixeris chinensis Casual 8 0.35 nakai. 9 Fescue Casual 0.57 10 Triglochin palustre Casual 0.4

Table 3.3-8 Vegetation investigation of plant communities sample record table (5#) Community Sample Cattail community 5# name number location Ganzhou northern suburb wetland Date 2010.08.06 geographical communities N：38°59ˊ16〞E：100°27ˊ44〞 Elevation 1454m coordinates sample record table Community Sample area 1m×1m=1m2 650mu total area Permanent waterlogged within project area, dominated by cattails, Environmental associated with a variety of aquatic plants, community coverage is about condition 55%. number community total specie number specie name height（m） （plant/cluster） coverage 1 Cattail 32 1.7 Potamogeton 2 Casual 0.8 species record natans table Ceratophyllum 3 Casual 0.6 55% demersum Pontederia 4 Casual 0.8 cordata 5 Rhizome scirpi Casual 0.95

73 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 6 Reed Casual 0.1.4 Valley Casual 7 0.45 Spikesedge 8 Juncus effusus Casual 0.35

Table 3.3-9 Vegetation investigation of plant communities sample record table (6#) Community Sample Reed community 6# name number location Ganzhou northern suburb wetland Date 2010.08.06 communities geographical N：38°58ˊ53〞E：100°27ˊ25〞 Elevation 1453m sample record coordinates table Community Sample area 2m×2m=4m2 280mu total area Environmental Permanent waterlogged within project area, dominated by reeds, associated condition with a variety of aquatic plants; community coverage is up to 100%. number community total specie number specie name height（m） （plant/cluster） coverage 1 Reed 240 2.1 species record Agrostis 2 偶见 0.8 table matsumurae 100% Inula britannica 3 偶见 0.35 chinensis 4 barnyard grass 偶见 0.8

Table 3.3-10 Vegetation investigation of plant communities sample record table (7#) Sample Community name Reed—Cattail community 7# number location Ganzhou northern suburb wetland Date 2010.08.06 geographical communities N：38°58ˊ35〞E：100°26ˊ22〞 Elevation 1459m coordinates sample record table Community Sample area 1m×1m=1m2 380mu total area Permanent waterlogged within project area, dominated by reeds and Environmental cattails, associated with a variety of aquatic plants, community coverage is condition about 70%. number community specie number specie name height（m） （plant/cluster） total coverage 1 Reed 50 1.5 2 Cattails Casual 1.2 species record Scirpus Casual table 3 tabernaemontan 1.2 i 85% 4 Barnyard grass Casual 0.6 Rumex leaf of Casual 5 polygonum 0.4 viviparum

74 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 3.3-11 Vegetation investigation of plant communities sample record table (8#) Community Sample Reed community 8# name number location Ganzhou northern suburb wetland Date 2010.08.06 geographical communities N：38°58ˊ40〞E：100°26ˊ24〞 Elevation 1452m coordinates sample record table Community Sample area 1m×1m=1m2 120mu total area Permanent waterlogged within project area, dominated by reeds, Environmental associated with a variety of aquatic plants; community coverage is up to condition 100%. number community specie number specie name height（m） （plant/cluster） total coverage 1 Reed 48 1.7 Xanthium 2 1 0.6 sibiricum Calystegia species record 3 10 0.3 table hederacea Inula britannica 100% 4 6 0.3 chinensis persicaria 5 3 0.4 lapathifolia Calamagrostis 6 3 1.2 epigejos

Table 3.3-12 Vegetation investigation of plant communities sample record table (9#) Community Sample Reed—Cattail community 9# name number location Ganzhou northern suburb wetland Date 2010.08.06 geographical communities N：38°58ˊ26〞E：100°27ˊ09〞 Elevation 1456m coordinates sample record table Community Sample area 1m×1m=1m2 520mu total area Permanent waterlogged within project area, dominated by reeds and Environmental cattails, associated with a variety of aquatic plants, community coverage is condition about 78%. number community total specie number specie name height（m） （plant/cluster） coverage 1 Cattails 48 1.8 2 Little cattails 1 1.1

species record 3 reed 10 0.8 table S. planiculmis Fr. 4 6 0.6 Schmidt 78% Calamagrostis 5 3 0.98 epigejos Inula britannica 6 3 0.55 chinensis

75 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report The investigation results shows that vegetation types within proposed construction area are: salt meadow vegetation type, Miscellaneous-grass swamp vegetation type, Sandy area Halophyte shrub vegetation type, communities are: Elymus, Calamagrostis epigejos and Leymus multicaulis (salt meadow) community, and reed, cattails, Potamogeton perfoliatus and Potamogeton natans (swamp) community, and dry land willow (Shrub) community. Survey results for communities are as follows:

¾ Salt meadow vegetation type--(Achnatherun splenens (Trin), calamagrostis epigejos, Leymus multicaulis, elymus community

On the river bank of the proposed area, constructive species are dominated by (Achnatherun splenens (Trin) Nevski), calamagrostis epigejos, Leymus multicaulis and elymus, associated with Mongolia scorzonera, Inula britannica chinensis, Alkali awnings, cephalanoplos segetum, atriplex, Oriental Cynanchum auriculatum, Leymus multicaulis, calamagrostis epigejos, salt alkali and other saline meadow composed by various Saline-alkali plants.

¾ Miscellaneous-grass swamp vegetation type --reeds, cattails, Potamogeton linearifolia, Potamogeton perfoliatus marsh community

In the reservoir of the proposed project areas, seasonal and permanent rivers, because of higher groundwater level, and has developed a constructive species dominated by Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.Et Steud, cattails, Potamogeton linearifolia, Potamogeton perfoliatus, associated with small amounts of herbs, such as: Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton natans, S.planiculmis Fr. Schmidt, tamarix ramosissima, Rhizome scirpi, Juncus effusus and so on.

¾ Sandy area Halophyte shrub vegetation type --dryland Willow swamp community

In river sand of the project area, there is white salinization, often formed shrub communities dominated by dryland willow, Tamarix ramosisma Ledeb, associated with a variety of salt-tolerant plants, such as Sandy area Halophyte shrub composed by tamarix ramosissima and so on.

Vegetation communities of project area are composed of reeds, cattails, and many kinds of salt meadows and swamps, as well as dryland Willow shrubs consisted by alkali resistance herb plants. Generally can be divided into three vegetation types (salt meadow vegetation type, Miscellaneous-grass swamp vegetation type, Sandy area Halophyte shrub vegetation type) and eight communities ((Achnatherun splenens (Trin), calamagrostis epigejos, Leymus multicaulis (salt meadow) community, reeds, cattails, Potamogeton linearifolia, Potamogeton perfoliatus marsh community, dryland Willow swamp community). At present, typical vegetations within the proposed project area are: reeds, cattails, Myriophyllum, dryland willow, calamagrostis epigejos, Alkali awnings, polygonum gear grass, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Inula britannica chinensis, small oxytropis, Leymus multicaulis, cattails, scorzonera, etc.

Based on field survey and reconnaissance, rare plant species do not be seen within project

76 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report area.

3.3.7 Wetland animal resources

According to animal geographical division, project area belongs to the western desert Asia Region in Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang area, which is wildlife concentrated distribution area in the midstream of Heihe river basin. There are 24 kinds national key protection wildlife in the project area, accounting for 7.16% of 335 species national key protection wild animal (terrestrial part), accounting for 22.64% of 106 provincial key protection wild animal (terrestrial portion), 4 kinds national first-level protection birds: Ciconia nigra, Aquila chrysaetos, Haliaeetus leucoryphus, Haliaeetus albicilla, 20 kinds national second-level protection birds: Cygnus sygnus, Cygnus columbianus, Cygnus olor, Milvus korschun, Accipiter gentilis, Buteo ru（inus）, Buteo hemilasius, Circaetus （erox）, Circus cyaneus, Circus aeruginosus , Pandion haliaetus, alco cherrug, alco tinnunculus, alco subbuteo , Grus grus, Bubo bubo, Athene noctus, Asio otus, elis manul, elis silvestris; 7 kinds provincial key protection birds: Egrerra alba, Anser anser, Mergus serrator, Larus ichthyaetus, Corvus corax, Vulpes vulpes, Vulpes corsae. There are 69 species of national and two species of provincial protection terrestrial wild animals (the “three animals”), which is beneficial and with important economic and scientific value. There are 102 species of national, provincial key protection wild animals and provincial protection the “three animals,” accounting for 87.93% of 116 species wild animals. See from the population distribution, there are eight species of dominant animals: Bu (o raddei), Hirundo rastica, Acrocephalus arundinaceus, Sterna hirundo, Vanellus vanellus, Tadorna (erruginea), Passer Ammodendri, Microtus oeconomus, 31 species of common animals, 67 species of uncommon animals, 10 species of rare animals.

In wetland project area there are 100 species of birds, including 26 species of residential birds, 45 species of summer migratory birds, eight species of winter migratory birds and 21 kinds of passing migrant birds, according to the “Wetland Convention,” there are 39 species of waterfowl in the region: Podiceps cristatus, Phalacrocorax carbo, Egrerra alba, Ardea cinerea, Ixobrychus sinensis, Ciconia nigra, Anser anser, Cygnus sygnus, Cygnus columbianus, Cygnus olor, Tadorna (erruginea), Anas crecca, Anasplatyrhyncgos, Anas poecilorhyncha, Aythya nyroca, Mergus serrator, Mergus merganser, Rallus aquaticus, ulica atra, Grus grus, Vanellus vanellus, Pluvialis dominica, Charadrius dubius, Charadrius alexandrinus, Limosa lisoma, Tringa tetanus, Tringa ochropus, Tringa glareola, Tring hypoleucos, Capella gallinago, Calidris ru (icollis), Calidris subminuta, Calidris temminchii, Calidris (erruginea), Larus ichthyaetus, Larus ridibundus, Larus brunnicephalus, Sterna hirundo. It can be said that the wetland project area is the most bird resources-rich region in the Hexi area, even in the whole province.

The wetland project area has 100 species birds, accounting for 7.95% of birds in China (1,258 kinds), 22.68% of birds in Gansu province (441 kinds), 37.31% birds in Hexi area (268 kinds), and 48.54% of birds in Zhangye City (268 kinds).

77 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 3.3.8 Existing ecological environment problem in northern suburb wetland

Wetland ecological function has irreplaceable role in harmonious development between people and natural, and social economic sustainable development, Zhangye wetland resources is source of Zhangye oasis, but in recent years, due to human and natural factors, industrial "three waste" emissions, and reclaiming land from lakes, illegal hunting and the excessive development of biological resources, which cause wetland atrophy, and oasis degradation, biological diversity index fell and other ecological environment problems.

(1) Unreasonable exploitation led to sharp decline of natural wetland areas and loss of landscape

As the population increasing and economic development, building, road, salt field occupies wetland, which destruct wetland habitat, make wetland landscape quality decline, thus lead to wetland resources deterioration and biodiversity damaged.

(2) Wetland eco-environmental degraded, resource-use excessive

Excessive development in wetland leads to alteration and destruction of wetland plants and animals habitat, cost more and more species lose their living space, reduce biodiversity and make ecosystems tends to simplify, interrupt or impede inner energy flow and logistics, undermine the self-regulating capacity of ecosystems, reduce ecosystem stability and orderly.

(3) Wetland pollution serious, ecological function decline

As industrial and agricultural production development and city scale expansion, large amounts of industrial wastewater, waste, and sewage and fertilizer and other toxic substances are row into wetland, makes wetland water quality damaged, northern suburb wetland near Zhangye city and the Ganzhou district industrial park is damaged maximum, most of them has become bearing relief area of industrial, life sewage and "three waste", which makes wetland biological landscape was damaged, wetland ecological environment increasingly deteriorated, biological diversity declined and wetland ecological function fallen.

3.3.9 Wetland resources evaluation

Landscape pattern refers to the arrangement of landscape patches with difference size and shape in space; it is the primary expression of landscape heterogeneity, effect results of various ecological processes at different scales.

Regional landscape patterns are complex results of interaction between physical, biological and social factors, also at the same time affect many ecological processes. Land use is directly reflection of human activities on natural basis, change process of land use landscape pattern plays a decisive role in maintaining ecosystem services, is important factor affecting regional ecosystem functions and eco-environmental quality.

This EIA takes Zhangye northern suburbs wetland as research area, through 2008 aerial

78 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report CCD information (see in Zhangye northern suburb wetland remote sensing imaging figure 3.3-7, space resolution is 1 m) for solution, , use landscape ecology method in ecological environment impact evaluation, apply basic views and principle of landscape ecology, from landscape spatial structure and landscape heterogeneity and other aspects, to evaluate space landscape pattern and ecological system diversity within Zhangye wetland evaluation range.

3.3.9.1 Analysis method

Ecology spatial structure analysis is an important part and the essential characteristics of landscape ecological study， and the basis of landscape ecological evaluation. spatial structure is spatial replacement and combination of landscape ecosystem between different or the same hierarchical levels, visually show longitudinal and horizontal mosaic combination law of landscape ecosystem, this evaluation uses landscape pattern analysis and landscape spatial heterogeneity analysis.

Landscape pattern analysis

Landscape pattern usually refers to spatial structure characteristics of landscape; spatial patch is the most common form of landscape pattern. Study on the regional landscape spatial pattern is an effective method to reveal regional ecological condition and spatial variability. Divide different ecological structure of the region into landscape unit patch, through quantitative analysis of landscape spatial pattern and the characteristics indices of landscape heterogeneity, from a broad perspective to give a regional eco-environmental situation. Quantitative indices of landscape spatial pattern commonly use patch area, patch densities and so on.

¾ Plaque area A and plaque perimeter P: measurement of plaque total area of different landscape types, average one-block area and average plaque circumference. ¾ Landscape boundary density:

Landscape boundary density refers to the ratio of the landscape plaque perimeter and its area, indicating measurement of a landscape patch type unit area owned circumference. Perimeter of a unit area is larger; plaque boundary fragmented degree is higher. Otherwise, the landscape patch types have prefect connectivity. Therefore, the index to a certain extent reflects the fragmentation degree of landscape patches.

Landscape plaque perimeter

Landscape boundary density =

Landscape patch area

¾ Isolation index

Landscape isolation refers to the isolation level of different elements individual in a landscape type. Isolation more, suggests that distribution dispersed on the landscape. Its

79 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report formula is:

= S/DF iii

= ii A/AS n D = 1 i 2 A

In the formula: Fi is isolation of landscape types i, n represents the element number of a landscape type i, Ai is the area of i type landscape, A is landscape total area of study region.

¾ Fragmentation index

Fragmentation refers to the crushing degree the landscape was divided. To a certain extent it reflects the interference degree of man-made on landscape. Calculation formula is:

= ( − ) NC/1NPFN 1 2 ()−⋅= NC/1NFMPSFN

In formula, NC is landscape total area within study region represented by grid number (the number is obtained by minimum patch area divides total landscape area), NP is the total number of elements in the landscape, MPS are various elements mean patch size within the landscape, NF is a landscape type total number in landscape types.

FN1 landscape fragmentation indexes in the whole region, FN2 a certain type of landscape fragmentation in the region. FN1, FN2 ∈ (0,1), 0 is landscape that has not been destroyed, 1 means that were completely destroyed.

3.5 Investigation and evaluation of environmental quality in project area

To reflect the wetland resources and environmental quality status of projects, ADB financed Gansu Zhangye wetland protection and infrastructure construction project management office commissioned Zhangye City Environmental Monitoring Station monitored the atmospheric environment, sound environment, groundwater environment, wetland water quality and wetland sediments.

80 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 3.3-13 landscape type basic data area unit: km2, perimeter unit: km Industrial Urban Land type and The River Lake Pond Bare Inland Rural residential Highway Ditch Orchard mining shrub water water water land swamp roads land land Number of 22 179 21 5 28 4 12 3 53 29 38 12 patches Grand 0.713158 6.259677 1.066338 0.064999 0.919549 0.176428 1.629217 0.409531 0.812238 0.45183 0.826421 0.08227 total Standar d 0.039989 63.19386 80.16302 6.74504 35.49233 68.43821 269.8969 207.1967 31.3727 20.82062 64.34224 3.54191 deviatio area n Mean 0.032416 0.349703 0.50778 0.129998 0.32841 0.44107 1.357681 1.365105 0.153252 0.155803 0.217479 0.068559 value Max 0.130439 0.637914 0.251618 0.022023 0.13664 0.146259 0.962642 0.375707 0.21185 0.08937 0.393922 0.013234 Min 1.251013 1.42528 1.472004 6.861056 1.922562 4.502503 0.843932 12.50922 0.644755 0.743085 1.523094 1.016527 Grand 15.99437 125.2569 110.1487 8.613777 28.49819 6.236261 114.1464 4.06011 26.42315 22.25328 23.76139 17.7996 total Standar d 0.487638 0.546666 7.45072 0.553435 0.783859 1.949016 13.53703 1.371567 0.453329 0.729002 1.027925 0.654854 deviatio perimet n er Mean 0.727017 0.699759 5.245175 1.722755 1.017792 1.559065 9.512198 1.35337 0.49855 0.767355 0.6253 1.4833 value Max 1.891304 4.24192 26.37648 2.067959 3.355881 4.435397 50.21956 2.932276 2.482168 2.593584 6.581181 2.288944 Min 0.161747 0.152689 0.226903 0.741537 0.200985 0.321593 0.228104 0.45673 0.105489 0.111249 0.197235 0.36973 Rural Facilities Other Irrigated Paddy Special Natural Railway Saline-al Forest Marsh Land type housing agricultur woodland land field land grassland land kali soil land land land al land Number of 90 5 39 134 26 1 271 1 8 117 96

81 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Industrial Urban Land type and The River Lake Pond Bare Inland Rural residential Highway Ditch Orchard mining shrub water water water land swamp roads land land patches Grand 2.148179 0.091791 0.448144 17.79084 1.493221 0.013436 9.17963 0.328594 0.066809 4.776796 4.716793 total Standar d 0.022065 0.011787 0.015535 0.438161 0.087723 0 0.089002 0 0.008692 0.089457 0.099574 deviatio area n Mean 0.023869 0.018358 0.011491 0.132767 0.057432 0.013436 0.033873 0.328594 0.008351 0.040827 0.049133 value Max 0.091334 0.030568 0.086588 3.341881 0.319394 0.013436 1.025461 0.328594 0.023212 0.73447 0.831481 Min 0.000411 0.004896 0.001047 0.000258 0.000492 0.013436 0.000386 0.328594 0.000973 0.000636 0.001829 Grand 63.90739 3.864482 17.2982 254.8135 32.15023 0.575739 277.2481 22.66705 3.083558 145.6293 150.1409 total Standar d 0.469993 0.395781 0.287594 4.158814 1.222812 0 1.242308 0 0.218155 1.484632 2.206163 deviatio perimet n er Mean 0.710082 0.772896 0.443544 1.901593 1.236548 0.575739 1.023056 22.66705 0.385445 1.244695 1.563968 value Max 2.535617 1.369622 1.521823 34.9388 4.44069 0.575739 9.983726 22.66705 0.703773 9.107493 18.1186 Min 0.083544 0.358056 0.169127 0.06559 0.089376 0.575739 0.089365 22.66705 0.141685 0.10752 0.192517

82 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 3.3-14 landscape ecosystem pattern indexes Urban Industrial Index residential and mining Highway Ditch The shrub Orchard River water Lake water Pond water land land Diversity Dominance Evenness Isolation 24.26932912 7.886910296 15.85794428 126.9437456 21.23423516 41.83065834 7.845920623 15.60650974 33.07403444 Fragmentation

1 Fragmentation 3.08487E-05 2.85957E-05 1.96936E-05 7.69243E-05 3.04497E-05 2.26721E-05 7.3655E-06 7.32545E-06 6.52518E-05 2 Landscape boundary 0.022427517 0.02001012 0.103296169 0.132521773 0.030991494 0.035347335 0.070062093 0.009914039 0.032531304 density Facilities Inland Rural Other Irrigated Index Bare land Rural roads agricultural Paddy field Special land swamp housing land woodland land land Diversity Dominance Evenness Isolation 43.98013096 27.52470464 155.3746041 16.29607459 89.89119674 51.42182766 2.400978026 12.6007091 274.647593 Fragmentation

1 Fragmentation 6.41835E-05 4.59814E-05 0.000145861 4.18959E-05 5.44716E-05 8.70257E-05 7.53196E-06 1.7412E-05 7.44292E-05 2 Landscape boundary 0.049251482 0.028752157 0.21635525 0.029749556 0.042100876 0.038599682 0.014322731 0.021530798 0.042851806 density

83 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Urban Industrial Index residential and mining Highway Ditch The shrub Orchard River water Lake water Pond water land land Saline-alkali Natural Index Forest land Marsh land Railway land Calculated value soil grassland Diversity 2.20387 Dominance 0.931623954 Evenness 0.568442264 Isolation 6.617466789 11.22982465 156.222589 8.355810052 7.665158072 Fragmentation 0.0001042 1 Fragmentation 2.95219E-05 3.04327E-06 0.000119745 2.44934E-05 2.03528E-05 2 Landscape boundary 0.03020253 0.068981967 0.046154991 0.030486812 0.031831146 density

84 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 3.5.1 Project area environmental monitoring program

3.5.1.1 Wetland surface water quality monitoring

(1) Monitoring sites

In wetland protection project area arrange the following four points, the distribution of monitoring sites see Table 3.5-1 and Figure 3.5-1.

Table 3.5-1 Wetland surface water monitoring sites distribution Monitoring sites are within NO Location Description the nature reserve Reflect artificial wetland water quality 1 4th dam Yes status of natural background Reflect natural wetland water quality 2 Natural wetland Yes status of natural background Gengming The area where wetland water quality 3 Yes channel may be affected North Lake in 4 Binhe New Replenishment areas of wetlands No District

(2) Monitoring factor

Water temperature, pH value, suspended solids, conductivity rate, total hardness, solubility, transparency, total N, total P, BOD5、COD, volatile phenol, cyanide, hexavalent chromium, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, oil, Cu, and Zn, Cd, Hg, As, total bacteria, fecal coliform, total dissolved solids, permanganate index, sulfate and chloride.

(3) Monitoring time

From June 30 to July 2, 2011 continuously monitoring for 3 days.

3.5.1.2 Wetland groundwater quality monitoring

(1) Monitoring sites

According to regional groundwater runoff wind direction emplaced three monitoring sites, distribution of monitoring sites see Table3.5-2 and Figure 3.5-1.

Table 3.5-2 Groundwater monitoring sites distribution Monitoring sites are within NO Location Description the nature reserve Wetland Park groundwater No 1 1# Binhe New District environment background values National Wetland Park Yes 2 Control point irrigation wells Hongjin resort-owned Wetland Park groundwater Yes 3 wells environment cut value

(2) Monitoring factor

85 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Water temperature, pH, salinity, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, volatile phenol, cyanide, mercury, arsenic, hexavalent chromium, total hardness, lead, fluoride, iron, manganese, total dissolved solids, sulphate, chloride, total coliform bacteria.

(3) Monitoring time

From July 6 to July 8, 2011 continuously monitor 3 days.

3.5.1.3 Wetland sediment monitoring

¾ Monitoring sites: the same with surface water monitoring sites, see table 3.5-1 wetland surface water monitoring sites distribution.

¾ Monitoring factor：pH、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As。

¾ Monitoring time：June 30,2011

3.5.1.4 Acoustic environmental quality monitoring

Monitoring sites: According to project environmental function zoning and environmental characteristics, evaluation area emplaced five acoustic environment monitoring sites, distribution of monitoring sites see Table3.5-3 and Figure 3.5-1.

Table 3.5-3 Atmospheric environmental monitoring sites distribution Monitoring sites are within the NO Location Description nature reserve Zhangye national background noise of northern 1 wetland management Yes suburb wetland Committee More visitors during the day 2 Runquanhu Park No and few people at night Fourth community of 3 both sides of traffic arteries Yes Xie jiawan village 4 Binhe New District both sides of traffic arteries No West side of background noise of Binhe 5 No Ningheyuan New District

Monitoring factor： continuous equivalent sound A level.

Monitoring time and monitoring frequency: From August 2 to August 3, 2011 continuously monitor 2 days, twice a day, monitored separately at daytime and night, among them, the daytime: 8:00 ~ 12:00 / 14:00 ~ 18:00; night: 22:00 ~ 5:00.

3.5.1.5 Monitoring of atmospheric environment quality

Monitoring sites: the same with acoustic environmental quality monitoring sites

Monitoring factor：SO2、NO2、TSP、PM10.

Monitoring time and monitoring frequency: From June 27 to July 3, 2011 continuously monitor 7 days, synchronous sampling and monitoring at each site every day; SO2 and NO2

86 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report sampling last at least 18 hours a day; TSP and PM10 sampling time of not less than 12 hours a day. Interrupted monitoring: require the same period monitoring for SO2 and NO2 at 2am, 8am, 14:00 and 20:00 every day.

3.5.2 Analysis of monitoring results

3.5.2.1 Analysis of surface water monitoring results

Analysis of surface water monitoring results are shown in Table 3.5-4, Table 3.5-4 of surface water quality present situation monitoring and analysis results shows that four monitoring sites in addition to ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus, total nitrogen, oil and total phosphorus are excessive, other factors have reached class III water quality standards in "Surface Water Environmental Quality standard" (GB3838-2002).

3.5.2.2 Analysis of groundwater environmental monitoring results

Ground water monitoring results are shown in table 3.5-5. Table 3.5-5 of underground water quality present situation monitoring and analysis results shows that three monitoring sites in addition to total dissolved solids, total hardness and nitrate nitrogen reach class II water quality standards in "Groundwater Quality Standards" (GB/T14848-93), other indicators have reached class I water quality standards in "Groundwater Quality Standards" (GB/T14848-93), this indicates that the region's groundwater quality is better.

Table 3.5-4 List of surface water monitoring results and analysis North Lake in Binhe New 4th dam Standard Gengming Natural District Item Unit (Natural limits（Class channel wetland (Replenishme wetland) ） nt areas of III wetlands) Dimensi pH 8.00 8.17 8.14 8.67 5 onless Suspended mg/L 69 70 61 45 / solids * COD mg/L 19.0 7.83 14.8 18.1 /

BOD5 mg/L 3.85 2.30 3.80 2.40 4 Ammonia mg/L 0.354 2.665 6.108 0.047 1.0 nitrogen Total Not mg/L 0.019 0.086 Not detected 0.05 phosphorus detected Petroleum mg/L 0.075 0.051 0.063 0.060 0.05 hydrocarbons Not Not Cyanide mg/L Not detected Not detected 0.2 detected detected Chloride * mg/L 34.1 27.1 23.1 15.7 250 Sulfate * mg/L 137 125 144 169 250 Salt mg/L 5.61 1.81 3.80 2.99 6

87 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report North Lake in Binhe New 4th dam Standard Gengming Natural District Item Unit (Natural limits（Class channel wetland (Replenishme wetland) ） nt areas of III wetlands) permanganate index Transparency * cm 70.0 76.0 72.0 95.0 / Total dissolved mg/L 506 569 471 466 1000 solids * Conductivity * μS/cm 585 558 530 395 / Total hardness mg/L 357 327 236 307 450 * Dissolved mg/L 5.31 6.44 6.06 6.69 5 oxygen Volatile phenols mg/L 4.24×10-4 6.36×10-4 5.30×10-4 4.24×10-4 0.005 Total nitrogen mg/L 3.05 11.3 13.3 3.42 1.0 Not Not Nitrite nitrogen * mg/L Not detected Not detected 0.02 detected detected Nitrite nitrogen * mg/L 1.60 3.63 1.19 2.51 20 Fecal coliform 个/L 50 2400 80 110 10000 Total bacteria 个/mL 2.3×102 3.6×102 4.6×102 5.3×102 / Not Not Mercury mg/L Not detected Not detected 0.0001 detected detected Arsenic mg/L 2.23×10-3 6.82×10-4 1.02×10-3 5.93×10-4 0.05 Not Not Copper mg/L Not detected Not detected 1.0 detected detected Not Not Zinc mg/L Not detected Not detected 1.0 detected detected Not Not cadmium mg/L Not detected Not detected 0.005 detected detected Hexavalent mg/L 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.010 0.05 chromium Water Degrees 20.0 14.0 17.0 22.0 / temperature Celsius

Notes: * standard limit values refer to the groundwater quality standards (GB/T 14848-93)

Table 3.5-5 list of groundwater monitoring results and analysis unit: mg/L (except for pH） Groundwater Monitoring sites standard limits 1# Binhe New 2# National Wetland 3# Hongjin Monitoring class class District Park irrigation wells resort-owned wells items classⅠ Ⅱ III The The The Change Change Change averag averag averag range range range e value e value e value

88 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Groundwater Monitoring sites standard limits 1# Binhe New 2# National Wetland 3# Hongjin Monitoring class class District Park irrigation wells resort-owned wells items classⅠ Ⅱ III The The The Change Change Change averag averag averag range range range e value e value e value pH － － － 8.02∼8.04 8.03 8.04∼8.24 8.11 7.92∼7.95 7.95 Not Not Not Ammonia 0.02 0.02 0.2 － detecte － detecte － detecte nitrogen d d d Not Not Not Cyanide 0.001 0.01 0.05 － detecte － detecte － detecte d d d 0.314∼0.3 0.352∼0.35 0.301∼0.3 Fluoride 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.314 0.353 0.304 15 4 04 Chlorides 50 150 250 45.4∼46.1 45.8 38.1∼38.6 38.4 49.2∼50.0 50 Sulfate 50 150 250 187∼188 187 163∼165 164 212∼214 214 Total dissolved 300 500 1000 303∼318 309 215∼229 221 301∼332 318 solids Total 150 300 450 226∼228 227 185∼187 186 250 250 hardness Not Not Not Volatile 0.00 0.001 0.001 － detecte － detecte － detecte phenols 2 d d d Not Not Not Nitrate 0.001 0.01 0.02 － detecte － detecte － detecte nitrogen d d d Nitrate 2.0 5.0 20 4.15∼4.18 4.17 3.17∼3.22 3.20 － 4.58 nitrogen Total 3 3 3 － <3 － <3 － <3 coliform Not Not Not 0.0000 0.000 0.00 Mercury － detecte － detecte － detecte 5 5 1 d d d Not Not Not Arsenic 0.005 0.01 0.05 － detecte － detecte － detecte d d d Not Not Not Lead 0.005 0.01 0.05 － detecte － detecte － detecte d d d Not Not Hexavalent 0.004∼0.00 0.005 0.01 0.05 － detecte 0.005 － detecte chromium 5 d d Not Not Not Iron 0.1 0.2 0.3 － detecte － detecte － detecte d d d

89 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Groundwater Monitoring sites standard limits 1# Binhe New 2# National Wetland 3# Hongjin Monitoring class class District Park irrigation wells resort-owned wells items classⅠ Ⅱ III The The The Change Change Change averag averag averag range range range e value e value e value Not Not Not manganese 0.05 0.05 0.1 － detecte － detecte － detecte (Mn) d d d Water － － － 13 13.0 14 14.0 13 13.0 temperature Salinity － － － 304∼309 307 202∼217 210 303∼306 304

3.5.2.3 Analysis of sediment monitoring results

Sediment monitoring results are shown in table 3.5-6.

Table 3.5-6 list of sediment monitoring results and analysis

Unit: mg/kg (except for the pH) Pollution 002 artificial control Monitoring 001 Gengming 003 natural Excessive wetland standards for items Channel wetland multiple （4th dam） agricultural sludge Longitude 100°27′45.5″， 100°27′15.9″ 100°26′15.8″ Alkaline soil － Latitude 38°59′29.3″ 38°58′41.1″ 38°59′40.8″ （pH≥6.5） pH 8.02 8.24 8.06 － － Mercury reach the 8.36×10-3 8.07×10-3 9.42×10-3 15 mark Arsenic reach the 9.53 9.88 9.78 75 mark Copper reach the 32.81 43.26 30.52 500 mark Lead reach the 36.1 35.42 33.80 1000 mark Zinc reach the 120.1 127.8 117.4 1000 mark Cadmium reach the 0.307 0.293 0.299 20 mark

Table 3.5-6 sediment status monitoring and analysis results shows that monitoring items at three monitoring sites meet: “Pollution control standards for agricultural sludge” (GB4284-84), monitoring indicators at three monitoring sites makes little difference, indicating Zhangye northern suburb wetland sediment environmental quality is good.

3.5.2.4 Analysis of acoustic environmental monitoring results

According to the relevant provisions of “Zhangye City acoustic environmental quality control

90 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report division scheme,” Zhangye Heihe Wetland National Nature Reserve is class I acoustic environment functional zone. 3# fourth community of Xiejiawan village and 4# Binhe New District is located along the road, implement 4a class sound environmental standards; 1# Zhangye national wetland management Committee, 2# Runquanhu Lake Park and west side 200m of Ningheyuan implement class I acoustic environment quality standard.

Table 3.5-7 statistical results show that the 1# and 2# two monitoring sites night-time monitoring results are exceeded, the excessive range of 1.0~1.7dB and 3.0~3.5dB respectively; monitoring results of 3# and 4# monitoring sites are in line with "sound environmental quality standard" (GB3096-2008) 4a class standards; monitoring results of 5# monitoring are in line with "sound environmental quality standard" (GB3096-2008) the class 1 standard;

Table 3.5-7 list of noise monitoring results and analysis unit: dB

Monitoring Evaluation Monitor Excess DB Monitorin results LAeq criteria ing site Monitoring site name g dates Daytim At Dayti At At number Daytime e night me night night Zhangye national 1 wetland management 49.5 46.7 / 1.7 Committee 55 45 2 Runquanhu Park 53.4 48.5 / 3.5 August 2 Fourth community of 3 59.0 52.4 / / Xie jiawan village 70 55 4 Binhe New District 54.5 40.5 / / West side 200m of 5 43.2 41.2 55 45 / / Ningheyuan Zhangye national 1 wetland management 49.6 46.0 / 1.0 Committee 55 45 2 Runquanhu Park 53.7 48.0 / 3.0 August 3 Fourth community of 3 58.3 54.9 / / Xie jiawan village 70 55 4 Binhe New District 55.2 38.7 / / West side 200m of 5 43.7 40.9 55 45 / / Ningheyuan

3.5.2.5 Analysis of atmospheric environmental monitoring results

(1) Daily average values

Atmospheric environmental monitoring daily average value results are shown in table 3.5-8. Table 3.5-8 daily average concentrations ambient air status monitoring and analysis results shows that 5 monitoring sites in evaluation area daily average concentrations of SO2, NO2 and TSP is standard; In addition to fourth community of Xie jiawan village and west side of

Ningheyuan slightly exceeded, the rest of the daily average concentration of PM10 reach the

91 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report standard, PM10 exceed mainly due to the bare surface in northwest, drought and little rain, caused by natural factors.

(2) Hour average values

Atmospheric environmental monitoring hour average value results are shown in table 3.5-9. Table 3.5-9 hour average concentrations ambient air status monitoring and analysis results shows that 5 monitoring sites in evaluation area daily average concentrations of SO2 and NO2 is standard;

92 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 3.5-8 Daily average concentrations ambient air monitoring results and analysis Unit：mg/m3 The day of Daily average Maximum Monitorin Monitori ClassⅡ Excessive rates maximum Monitoring sites concentration Index range exceeded g items ng time (%) Exceeded ranges standard multiples multiple occurs Zhangye national wetland － 0 － － management Committee Runquanhu Park － 0 － －

SO2 Fourth community Not detected 0.15 of Xie jiawan － 0 － － village Binhe New District － 0 － － West side of － 0 － － Ningheyuan 2011-06- Zhangye national 27～ wetland 0.015～0.020 0.125～0.167 0 － － management 2011-07- 03 Committee

Runquanhu Park 0.017～0.022 0.141～0.183 0 － －

NO2 Fourth community 0.12 of Xie jiawan 0.019～0.028 0.158～0.233 0 － － village Binhe New District 0.012～0.017 0.100～0.142 0 － － West side of 0.016～0.020 0.133～0.167 0 － － Ningheyuan Zhangye national wetland TSP 0.099～0.131 0.30 0.330～0.437 0 － － management Committee

93 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

The day of Daily average Maximum Monitorin Monitori ClassⅡ Excessive rates maximum Monitoring sites concentration Index range exceeded g items ng time (%) Exceeded ranges standard multiples multiple occurs Runquanhu Park 0.081～0.150 0.270～0.500 0 － － Fourth community of Xie jiawan 0.174～0.237 0.580～0.790 0 － － village Binhe New District 0.097～0.192 0.323～0.640 0 － － West side of 0.133～0.288 0.443～0.960 0 － － Ningheyuan Zhangye national wetland 0.060～0.070 0.400～0.467 0 － － management Committee Runquanhu Park 0.047～0.104 0.313～0.693 0 － －

PM10 Fourth community 0.15 of Xie jiawan 0.105～0.155 0.700～1.033 3.3 1.033 2011-07-02 village Binhe New District 0.063～0.114 0.420～0.760 0 － － West side of 0.077～0.188 0.513～1.253 25.3 1.253 2011-06-30 Ningheyuan

94 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 3.5-9 Hour concentrations ambient air monitoring results and analysis Unit：mg/m3 The time of Hour Maximum Monitori Monitori ClassⅡ Excessive rates maximum Monitoring sites concentration Index range exceeded ng items ng time (%) Exceeded ranges standard multiples multiple occurs Zhangye national wetland management － 0 － － Committee Runquanhu Park － 0 － － SO Fourth community of Not detected 0.50 2 － 0 － － Xie jiawan village Binhe New District － 0 － － West side of 2011-06- － 0 － － Ningheyuan 27～ 2011-07- Zhangye national 03 wetland management 0.013～0.038 0.054～0.158 0 － － Committee Runquanhu Park 0.01～0.030 0.042～0.125 0 － － NO Fourth community of 0.24 2 0.013～0.031 0.054～0.129 0 － － Xie jiawan village Binhe New District 0.006～0.029 0.025～0.121 0 － － West side of 0.007～0.037 0.029～0.154 0 － － Ningheyuan

95 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report (3) Analysis method of landscape spatial heterogeneity and diversity

Diversity index. The size of the index reflects the number of landscape types and changes in the proportion of the landscape types. When the landscape is constituted by a single type, the landscape is homogeneous, its diversity index is 0; Consisting of two or more types of landscape, when the proportion of the landscape types are equal, its landscape diversity index is the highest; Proportion differences in increases in the type of landscape, the landscape diversity declined. Select Shannon-Weaver formula, that is,

m −= ∑()()k PlnPH k =1i

Where H is the landscape diversity index, m is the number of landscape elements, Pk for the area ratio occupied by class k landscape elements.

② Evenness index. Describes the distribution evenness degree of landscape components, the higher the value indicates that landscape composition assignments more evenly. The formula is:

= H/HE max

max = ()mlnH m ⎡ 2 ⎤ −= ⎢∑()PlnH k ⎥ ⎣ =1i ⎦

Where m is the number of landscape types, Hmax is under the given richness condition, the greatest possible landscape evenness.

③ Dominance index. Dominance index reflects the deviation between the landscape diversity and maximum diversity. Indicate that some kind of landscape composition or some landscape types dominate the landscape. The formula is:

m max ∑ i ⋅+= ()PlnPHD i =1i

Here, Pi is the landscape type i occupied area ratio, m is the total number of landscape types,

max = ()mlnH

Advantage of large, indicating that the large proportion differences in the type of the landscape, in which one or several types of landscape dominant; the advantage of small, the percentage of various types is nearly the same. Advantage is 0, that is, that the same proportion of each type of landscape, a landscape does not take advantage.

3.3.9.2 Calculation results and analysis

Land use classification is according to wetland survey design based on the geographical 1:100000 land drawing in the year 2000, based on class II classification, Ganzhou northern suburb wetland has 23 kinds of land use types, namely: urban residential land, industrial and

96 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report mining land, highway land, ditches, shrub and forest land, orchard, river water, lake water, pond water, bare ground, inland beaches and other. Basic data of land use types are shown in table 3.3-13, Ganzhou district northern suburb wetland present land use map is shown in Figure 3.3-8, the calculated landscape ecosystem pattern index is shown in Table 3.3-14.

（1）Characteristics of landscape spatial pattern change

Different types of landscape boundary density results shows: landscape patch type connectivity is the best, followed by rivers and forest land, agricultural land (irrigated and paddy fields) and residential land connectivity is poor connectivity of lake surface is the worst, fragmentation degree of landscape patch is higher; Different landscape separation statistical results shows: isolation of special land, canals, rural roads and saline-alkali soil is larger, and isolation of irrigated land, natural grassland, swamp, forest, river water and industrial land is small. From the fragmentation index statistics show that fragmentation index of each type of landscape in the region index is very small, indicating the extent of damage for each landscape type are very low; The overall landscape fragmentation index of 0.0001, indicating that the landscape as a whole more complete.

（2）Analysis on landscape diversity

Diversity indexes within the evaluation scope are 2.20, have a gap with the largest diversity index 3.09. In the case of determined land use types within evaluation scope, the results show that the area percentage of various land use types vary widely, the overall landscape diversity is higher. Dominance of 0.9316, indicating that the proportion of various land use types vary greatly, in which irrigated land, natural grassland, forest, swamps and industrial and mining land five kinds of landscape type dominated. Evenness of 0.568, evenness is not high, indicating landscape type difference is large. Regional overall landscape diversity is higher, spatial heterogeneity degree is higher, landscape damage caused by human is less, ecological environmental quality is good.

97 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS FOR WETLAND PROTECTION

PROJECT

4.1 Analysis of the rationality of project proposals

4.1.1 Compliance analysis with related laws and planning

“People’s Republic of China Nature Reserve Management Regulations," Article 32 states: “in the core area and buffer zone of nature reserve, may not build any production facilities.” In the experiment area of nature reserve, shall not build production facilities which cause environmental pollution and destruction of resources or landscape. Construction of other projects, the emissions shall not exceed the national and local pollutant emission standards. The proposed project is located in the experimental area of nature reserve, from the contents of the project implementation, the construction projects are wetland conservation and restoration project, not part of productive facilities which cause environment pollution, landscape destruction and pollution, according to relevant regulations of nature reserve management, the project construction complies with the related requirements of People's Republic of China nature reserve law.

After verification of Zhangye City Heihe River Basin Wetland Management Bureau: “part of construction site of Gansu infrastructure development and wetland protection project (Zhangye)" within the experimental zone of Zhangye Heihe River Wetland National Nature Reserve. According to [2011]No. 31 document issued by Zhang wetland management bureau: "the report replay on ADB financed Gansu urban infrastructure development and wetland protection project management office apply to carry out infrastructure development and wetland protection project, agreed in principle the content of carrying out Gansu infrastructure development and wetland protection project. Requires the construction unit do preparatory work and other related procedures well, to effectively prevent investment risk, pay close attention to the preparation of project feasibility report, do project environmental impact assessment work well, and promptly submit project progress.

4.1.2 Compliance analysis with the national wetland protection project planning

According to “National Wetland Protection Project Planning” (2004-2030), the National Wetland Reserve is divided by geography into Northeast wetland area, middle and lower reaches wetland areas of the Yellow River, middle and lower reaches wetland areas of the Yangtze River, coastal wetlands, South and Southeast of China wetland areas, Yunnan-Guizhou plateau wetland areas, arid Northwest wetland areas, as well as in Qinghai-Tibet Alpine wetland areas, a total of eight wetland protected area types.

Heihe River wetland belongs to arid Northwest wetland areas.

(1) The overall objective

98 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Through the wetland and its conservation and management of biological diversity, wetland nature reserve construction and pollution control measures, fully protect the ecological characteristics and basic functions of wetland ecosystem, so that our natural wetlands downward trend can be contained. By strengthening the rational allocation and management of water resources, restoration and governance of degraded wetlands, large wetland area which have lost can be restored, put the wetland ecosystem in a healthy state. At the same time, through demonstration of sustainable utilization of wetland resources and the strengthening of wetland resource monitoring, education and training, scientific research, management systems and other aspects of capacity-building, improving the wetland protection, management and rational utilization level, so that the protection and rational utilization of wetland in China enter into a virtuous circle, keep and maximize give full play features and benefits of wetland ecological system, achieve sustainable utilization of wetland resources.

(2) Key construction contents

According to eco-efficiency priority, combination of conservation and use, comprehensive planning, suit to local conditions and other construction principles, planning arranged wetland protection, wetland restoration, sustainable use demonstration, community development and capacity building and other key construction contents. From the construction content in the second chapter, the construction content of Zhangye City wetland protection is complete; comply with the related national wetland protection project requirements.

4.1.3 Compliance analysis with Zhangye Heihe River wetland nature reserve master plan

(1) Compliance analysis with Heihe River wetland nature reserve master plan objectives

Objectives of Heihe River Wetland Nature Reserve Master Plan (hereinafter referred to as Master Plan): conduct comprehensive and key construction on the basis of existing protected areas, through scientific and systematic planning, conservation and management measures to protect the wetland area systems as well as effective protection of rare wild animal and plant resources and their habitats represented by the black stork. Strengthen the infrastructure construction, improve the management institutions, perfect the management system, and improve the management, protection and scientific research ability of protected areas. Take appropriate fencing and ecological restoration measures to maintain the ecological balance of the wetland ecosystem and to improve the ecological service function of wetland ecosystem. Upholding appropriate exploitation, backed by wetland landscape and natural resources, develop eco-tourism and a variety of business, achieve sustainable use of natural resources and development in protected areas and their surrounding communities, form a model base featured by natural protection, scientific research, science publicity and education, eco-tourism and a variety of business. Build Zhangye Heihe River wetland national nature reserve with distinct features, reasonable layout, scientific construction and management order, enjoy a high reputation in the domestic nature reserve.

99 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report through construction of protection station andhabitat restoration project, to protect the wetland area systems as well as effective protection of rare wild animal and plant resources and their habitats represented by the black stork.

② through construction of monitoring stations and monitoring system, improve the management institutions, perfect the management system, and improve the management, protection and scientific research ability of protected areas.

③through construction of vegetation restoration project and returning farmland to swamp project, take appropriate fencing and ecological restoration measures to maintain the ecological balance of the wetland ecosystem, improve the ecological service function of wetland ecosystem.

(2) Compliance analysis with infrastructure planning in master plan

The specific construction tasks in infrastructure planning include: strengthening the construction of office space and support facilities in protected areas, and equipped with auxiliary equipment, guarantee the normal operation of protected area management; promote construction of cement marker, stall markers, signs and other identification facilities in the protected area, clear protected area boundaries and functional divisions.

The construction contents such as protection station, cement marker, stall markers, signs and other identification facilities in proposed wetland protection project in line with objectives and tasks of infrastructure planning in master plan.

(3) Compliance analysis with scientific research and monitoring planning in master plan

Scientific research and monitoring tasks include: develop protected areas scientific research and monitoring plans, through independent study or cooperative research, and strive to form a group of influential research and monitoring results; conduct protected areas biological resources and ecological environment monitoring, establish protected area biological resources archive and eco-environment database; Strengthen the scientific research and monitoring equipment configuration and team building, improve the protected areas scientific research and monitoring capabilities.

The construction contents of wetland monitoring center in line with objectives and tasks of scientific research and monitoring planning in the master plan.

(4) Compliance analysis with publicity and education planning in the master plan

Publicity and education planning tasks including: on the basis of protected areas wetland landscape, rare birds and other resources, through different publicity and education forms, conduct publicity and education for visitors, community people, students and teaching internships; From the protected area conservation, management, scientific research and monitoring needs, and conduct targeted professional training for protected area staff.

100 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Wildlife aid station construction is in line with objectives and tasks of publicity and education planning in the master plan.

In summary, the wetland protection project construction in nature reserve in line with Zhangye Heihe River wetland nature reserve plans objectives, in line with the objectives and tasks of infrastructure planning, scientific research and monitoring planning, publicity and education planning.

4.1.4 Environmental rationality analysis of wetland protection project construction site

(1) Wetlands protection project overview

Zhangye Heihe River wetland national nature reserve is the inland river wetland nature reserve, its main objects of protection are northwest typical inland rivers wetlands, aquatic ecosystems and biological diversity in China; important channels and habitat for wetland rare birds and migration bird represented by black stork; Important water conservation and aquatic habitats in middle and lower reaches of Heihe river; oasis vegetation in Northwestern desert region and typical inland river natural landscape.

Heihe River Basin wetlands is transit point of the East Asia-India channel, one of the world 8 migratory bird migration route, parts of migratory birds come into China from the central and western Russia, Mongolia, after a brief stop in the Heihe River Basin to supplement the food nutrients necessary for long-distance migration, then fly to winter in Southeast China, some migratory birds continue to migrate to east, west or south to winter in India and other places. Late March to mid-April each year, in early September to early November, about 30,000 to 50,000 waterfowl assembly and stop in the Heihe River basin wetland. Heihe River Basin wetlands become habitat for rare birds, the main breeding grounds for migratory birds, the wintering grounds and main stopover in migration routes. The wetland project has rare and endangered animal distribution area for Eagle owl and upland buzzard, distributed in Heihe River beach in the north of project area and the central of project areas.

Wetland protection and restoration project planning and rare flora and fauna protection objectives in the table 4.1-1.

4.1-1 Wetland protection and restoration project planning and rare flora and fauna protection objectives Project Environment Environmentally relationship Protection objectives contents Elements sensitive point District-level Northwest typical inland rivers protection, wetlands, and aquatic ecosystems monitoring and biological diversity in China; Wetland Zhangye wetland centers, Rescue important channels and habitat for Ecological protection national Center, Wujiang wetland rare birds and migration bird environment project Nature reserve Xidahu concede represented by black stork Important farmland to water conservation and aquatic swamp project, habitats in middle and lower reaches habitat restoration of Heihe river; oasis vegetation in

101 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Project Environment Environmentally relationship Protection objectives contents Elements sensitive point project and other Northwestern desert region and projects are all typical inland river natural landscape. located within the Zhangye wetland national nature reserve Wildlife Habitat Zhangye heihe for Eagle OWL, national nature upland buzzard reserve in Wildlife Habitat and other rare Ganzhou district species Natural wetlands Zhangye northern Northwest Typical Inland River suburb Wetland wetland

(2) Environmental rationality analysis of project construction site

ADB financed Gansu Zhangye wetland protection project that is located in the experimental area of nature reserve, including wetlands protection project, wetlands restoration project and the sustainable utilization project three parts. From the contents of the project implementation, the construction projects are wetland conservation and restoration project, not part of productive facilities which cause environment pollution, landscape destruction and pollution.

Heihe River Wetland Nature Reserve Master Plan proposed: conduct comprehensive and key construction on the basis of existing protected areas, through scientific and systematic planning, conservation and management measures to protect the wetland area systems as well as effective protection of rare wild animal and plant resources and their habitats represented by the black stork. Proposed wetland conservation project is to focused on restore the wetland eco-systems, control wetland pollution and protect biological diversity and the birds wetland habitats, implement degraded wetland restoration and management, take restore the natural and ecological function of wetland for the purpose and create good habitat for survival and reproduction of wild animals, do well wild population monitoring and rescue work.

According to related regulations of the Nature Reserve management, this project is in line with the relevant requirements of" Nature Reserve Law of People's Republic of China ". Environmental impact assessment of Gansu Heihe River Basin middle reaches wetland restoration and management project has been completed, Zhangye Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau issued [2010] No. 75 document approved Gansu Heihe River Basin wetland restoration and management project, Zhangye City wetland protection project construction contents are complete, project is in line with the relevant national wetland protection project planning requirements; the wetland protection project construction in nature reserve in line with Zhangye Heihe River wetland nature reserve plans objectives, in line with the objectives and tasks of infrastructure planning, scientific research and monitoring planning, publicity and education planning.

Therefore, ADB financed Gansu Zhangye wetland protection project location is reasonable and

102 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report practicable.

However, for other rare species recovery, it is recommended add a rare species habitat conservation project in Zhangye Wetland National Nature Reserve.

4.2 Influence analysis on protected objects of nature reserve

Zhangye Heihe River wetland national nature reserve is the inland river wetland nature reserve. Its main objects of protection are northwest typical inland rivers wetlands, aquatic ecosystems and biological diversity in China; important channels and habitat for wetland rare birds and migration bird represented by black stork; Important water conservation and aquatic habitats in middle and lower reaches of Heihe river; oasis vegetation in Northwestern desert region and typical inland river natural landscape.

Based on field surveys and access to relevant data, project area distributed two rare and precious wildlife habitats and large areas of wetlands, construction activity inevitably have certain adverse effects for wetland resources and wildlife habitat.

4.2.1 Impacts on wetland resources

Through the analysis of Ganzhou district groundwater recharge, combined with the Ganzhou district wetland water supplement schemes, analysis effect of wetland protection project on wetland resources.

4.2.1.1 Groundwater resources in Ganzhou district

According to the National Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou Desert, "95" key scientific and technological research project "sustainable development and rational utilization of water resources in Hexi corridor" (96-912-03-01) the relevant research results show that: Ganzhou district groundwater recharge is about 555 million m3, of which about 290 million m3 river infiltration recharge, Irrigation channel infiltration recharge is about 200 million m3, and not repeated with surface water recharge (valley underflow, rainwater infiltration and infiltration of precipitation) about 64 million m3. Regional groundwater total excretion of about 576 million m3, of which approximately 407 million m3 of the fountain overflows, transpiration of evaporation of about 77 million m3, artificial extraction volume 92 million m3.

Table 4.2-1 Distribution of groundwater recharge in Ganzhou (unit: 10000 m3) Supply Gully Precipitati Rainwater Riverbed Canal field source subsurfac on Total infiltration infiltration seepage infiltration e flow infiltration Recharge 4470 1244 668 29160 18362 1636 55540 The 8.0% 2.2% 1.2% 52.5% 33.1% 2.9% 100% proportion

103 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 4.2-2 Distribution of groundwater excretion in Ganzhou (unit: 10000 m3) Excretion method Spring water Evaporation and Well mining Total overflow transpiration Excretion 40762 7693 9200 57655 Proportion 70.7% 13.3% 16.0% 100.0%

4.2.1.2 Ganzhou wetland replenishment program

According to wetland soil and water resources present situation in Ganzhou district, Ganzhou District developed northern suburb wetland replenishment program, intended to supplement water to wetland, restore and protect wetland.

Ganzhou district wetland has a total area of 29,937 mus, of which: 24,506 mus of natural wetlands, accounted for 82% of the total area, including river water, herbal marshes, inland salt marshes, flood plains and wetlands; 5431 mus of artificial wetlands, accounted for 18% of the total area, including ditches, rice fields, fish ponds and so on. According to the current water system distribution, in accordance with the irrigation canal, Ganzhou district wetland is divided into Eastern, Central, West, Heihe River beach 4 parts:

East part: northeast to Lanzhou-Xinjiang railway, west to Kunlun Avenue, south to the Zhanghuo road, 16,449 mus of land area, of which 1744 mus of wetland area, east part belongs to Dongquan canal system.

Central part: east to Kunlun Avenue, west to Zhangjing Road, north to Lan-Xin Railway, south to North Ring Road, 14,080 mus of land area, of which 5860 mus of wetland area, central part belongs to A Xue canal system.

West part: east to Zhang Jing Road, west to Xin River, north to Lan-Xin Railway, south to the North Ring Road, land area of 31,307 mus, of which 15010 mus of wetland area, west part belongs to Gengming canal system.

Heihe River beach: located in Heihe River Bridge along and within Xichengyi forest farm, east to XieJiawan village, connected with the Heihe River beach in the west, south adjacent to Baita village of the Xindun town, north to 312 national highway, land area of 7323 mus, of which 7323 mus of wetland area, which belongs to Heihe river main channel and floodplain area.

The project area is in the west part, in this area, the wetland groundwater depth is shallow, perennial springs overflow, rich in water resources. According to the survey, about 70% of the region's wetlands, springs overflow can meet wetland area water needs and the remaining 30% wetlands need supply water (about 4,440 mus, mainly in west side of Zhang Jing road).

(1) Analysis of wetland water replenishing capacity

Under current conditions of agricultural planting structure, according to Heihe River runoff process and the process of irrigation water, the normal year (P = 50%) water supply and demand balance calculation:

104 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report According to frequency analysis of Heihe Yingluo Gorge water information from 1944 to 2007 and recent years irrigation critical period water information, selected years represented in 2004.Existing irrigation area in Ganzhou district Heihe River irrigation area is 892,400 mus, based on the present situation of irrigation area crop proportion, crop types, net irrigation norm and irrigation time, developed irrigation area present situation of irrigation systems, according to the irrigation system, can calculate current Heihe River irrigated area net irrigation norm of 402m3/mu, and gross irrigation water demand under the current condition is 683 million m3. Supply and demand balance analysis in table 4.2-3.

Table 4.2-3 current agricultural irrigation water supply and demand balance analysis in Ganzhou district (p=50%) Unit: 10000 m3 Sept Janu Febr Marc Aug Octob Nove Dece Item total April May June July emb ary uary h ust er mber mber er Surfac e 108556 3032 2710 3756 6756 8674 13088 17032 23592 14963 7624 4768 2563 Availabl water e water Groun 12263 0 0 6 1116 1989 2681 1509 1611 982 1185 1185 0 dwater Surfac Water e 56014 0 0 321 3925 7793 13325 6717 7270 4879 5891 5891 0 require water ments Groun 12263 0 0 6 1116 1989 2681 1509 1611 982 1185 1185 0 dwater Surfac Surplus e -1361 3032 2710 3434 2831 881 -237 10315 16322 10084 1732 -1124 2563 and water deficien Groun cy water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 dwater Dischar Water ge discharg volume e during transfe 41924 3032 2710 3434 944 0 0 6348 12241 8920 1732 0 2563 r period

Water discharg e during 11979 0 0 0 1887 881 0 3967 4080 1164 0 0 0 irrigati on period

Balance analysis shows that, when P = 50%, water supply for Caotanzhuang hub last year is 1.086 billion m3, water discharge volume during diversion period and irrigation period is 539 million m3, Heihe River irrigated area surface water diversion volume is 547 million m3; based on the present situation of irrigation area crop proportion, crop types, area, net irrigation norm and irrigation time, can calculate gross irrigation water demand under the current condition is 683 million m3 (Including surface water demand 560 million m3, groundwater water demand 122 million m3). From the perspective of the monthly distribution of irrigation water, during irrigation period in addition to June and November, no irrigation water is discharged, the remaining months is discharging water, and could consider supply

105 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report water to wetlands.

(2) Wetland water replenishing program ¾ Divert water from irrigation channel in Yingke irrigation area to replenish wetland water resources

From the above water resource supply and demand balance analysis, can take full advantage of irrigation discharge water in the irrigation season; divert water from irrigation channel into the city, to replenish wetland water resources. Diversion period is from April to September, comprehensively consider Yingke irrigation area channel diversion capacity, irrigation time and river inflow, estimated diversion water is 13.5 million m3, with a focus on replenish wetland water resources in the east of the Zhang Jing Road.

¾ Divert water from Heihe river to replenish wetland water resources

In the irrigation season when water inflow before Caotanzhuang is greater than diversion flow in East and West total main Canal, Longdong, Mazi, Xidong, Caotanzhuang still have part of discharged water can be diverted from Heihe river to replenish wetland water resources, focusing on Xinhe wetland, northern suburb wetland, Northeast suburb wetland governance recovery area water resources. Diversion period is April, July, August, and September, comprehensively consider river inflow, irrigation time and diversion and discharge capacity, estimated diversion water is 16.5 million m3.

During the Heihe water diversion period (April to October), can divert Heihe water into wetland areas, after cycling back to Shandan River eventually discharges into the Heihe River. Comprehensively consider diversion time, diversion and discharge capacity, estimated diversion water is 40 million m3.

4.2.1.3 Impact analysis of project construction on wetland water replenishing capacity

By Ganzhou district groundwater supply volume distribution situation (Table 4.2-1) shows that field infiltration recharge only accounted for 2.9% of Ganzhou area groundwater supply volume, northern suburb returning farmland to swamp project and Wu Jiang west great lake returning farmland to swamp project total 40 hm2, accounted for 0.06% of Ganzhou district Heihe River irrigation area existing irrigation area, therefore, field infiltration recharge by returning farmland to swamp project have little effect on Ganzhou district groundwater resources supply volume.

Through the canal dredging, construction of dams and other water conservancy facilities in project area, control the water level of wetland water body, expand water surface and wetland area and restore wetland ecosystem; By newly build underground water diversion pipe, open up water recycling system from the city to the wetland, achieving natural discharge of groundwater in urban area, smoothly implement wetland water replenishing program which divert water from irrigation channel in Yingke irrigation area and Heihe river, to promote the sustainable development of wetlands; Through the implementation of returning farmland to swamp project and vegetation restoration project, can increase the

106 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report wetland area 40hm2, help protect their hydraulic linkage and structure of wetlands, so that reduce the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution on wetlands, easing ecological problems due to wetland degradation, and promote wetland ecological function restoration and sustainable use of wetland resources, prevent natural disasters.

The foregoing analysis shows that construction of the project in line with Ganzhou wetland protection water replenishing and drainage project planning, have little effect on wetland water capacity, implementation of the project can improve the hydraulic connection of wetlands, and promote sustainable development and utilization of wetland resources.

4.2.2 Impact analysis on rare wildlife habitat

The proposed project area distributed two species of rare and endangered animals such as large owls and large birds of prey, distributed in Heihe River in northern project area and the central area.

4.2.2.1 Rare wildlife habits

Eagle OWL called large OWL, in China national key protected wildlife list is classified as a grade II animals, in China Red data book of endangered animals-birds are classified as rare species. Eagle owl is ferocious, living in the mountain forests, plains, wilderness, forest edge, scrub, woodland, mountains and cliffs, etc.; Good at night activities, mainly feed on rodents, but also eat other mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles, etc.; The breeding season is from April to July, build their nests in tree holes, and recess below the cliff, or lay their eggs directly on the ground in recess.

Large Buzzard called Eagle, flower leopard and so on, are large birds of prey, included in the Chinese national key protected wild animals, second-class protected animal list. Habitat in the mountains, foothills ,plains, grasslands and other regions, also in the high mountain forest edge and open grassland and desert, vertical distribution of height up to 4,000 meters above the plateau and mountainous areas; in winter also appear often in farmland, reed swamp, near the villages and even cities at the foot of the hilly and plain areas；mainly feed on rodents, frogs, lizards, rabbits, snakes, ground squirrels, pikas, marmots, pheasants, partridge, insects and other animal, the breeding season is from May to July.

4.2.2.2 Construction impact on wildlife

Impacts on wildlife of project construction mainly in the following areas:

¾ Project area land use and vegetation damage, wild animals lose their habitat living environment for their survival; ¾ Increase in human activity in project area has certain adverse effects on wildlife, the vast majority of wild animals are afraid of human behavior. During construction period, due to increased human interference, wildlife forage and breeding activities are subject to a certain degree of influence, is not conducive to the survival and reproduction of wild animals.

107 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report ¾ Mechanical noise interference on wild animals. During construction period, mechanical noise generated by large amounts of heavy machinery, which caused a strong disturbance on wildlife within the project area, forced a number of wild animals move out of the project area. ¾ Driven by the economic interests, more and more wild animals were hunted and killed by people. During construction period, may occur construction personnel poach animals, so the number of protected animals in protected areas will reduce, but these effects can be eliminated through strengthen the management of construction workers and improve environmental protection awareness of construction workers.

From the living habits of both rare and precious wild animals, they are mainly take ground rodents, amphibians and reptiles as food, these animals are widely distributed within the construction area, Eagle owls and large buzzard mainly through flying in the sky looking for food, or standing on the ground and high place waiting for catching, so the construction activities will have little impact on its feeding. But from the impacts of human activities, construction noise and other factors during construction period, these wild animals re frightened, may be temporarily away from the habitat. According to the relationship between the proposed construction site within nature reserve and spatial distribution of rare and endangered wild animals, part of the animal is rare appear in construction area, so the impact of project is limited.

4.3 Environmental impact analysis during construction

4.3.1 Eco-environmental impact analysis during construction

(1) Impact on wetland resources and land resources in nature reserve

According to project content and nature of operation, is a nature reserve infrastructure construction and wetland protection and restoration projects, do not have productive capacity, and not part of polluting production facilities. Permanent land for construction is construction land and bare wasteland, in which project covers an area of 0.79hm2 within the nature reserve, accounted for 0.03% of total Ganzhou district experimental area, wetland restoration project area in experimental area of nature reserve is 30hm2, accounted for 1% of experimental area in Ganzhou district section, so construction has little effect on land resources in nature reserve; after the completion of construction and taken ecological restoration measures, the ecological environment can be effectively restored, will not have significant influence and damage on land resource utilization in nature reserve; Also the project will restore and protect large areas of wetland, which can increase the wetland area, wetland hydraulic connection will be smooth, increase the water supply to wetlands; Reducing the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution on wetlands, easing ecological problems due to wetland degradation, and promote wetland ecological function restoration and sustainable use of wetland resources.

(2) Impact on natural vegetation in nature reserve

108 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Through field inspection, combined with the project area plant sample survey results, there is no national and local key protected plant species and rare and endangered plants in the project area and evaluation range surrounding area.

Project area original vegetation dominated by deciduous trees and Reed or marsh vegetation, sporadic distribution of poplar, Elm, willow, elaeagnus angustifolia, tamarix ramosissima trees, which are more widely distributed local species. Project construction covers small area, which are the wasteland and construction sites, therefore local interference and sabotage caused by the construction will not cause changes in plant population and community, will not have an irreversible impact on the ecological environment in nature reserve.

(3) Impact on wildlife in nature reserve

Project's impact on wildlife, mainly construction site destroy their habitat, driven effect from construction activities, so that wild animals away from the affected area of construction, leading to the reduction of wildlife activities within a certain range of project site; But outside the project area, within the scope of the evaluation can provide more similar habitats and activity site to the affected wildlife, and these animal have strong migration ability, so wildlife species diversity will not be reduced due to project construction. With the completion of construction and the disappearance of human disturbance, part of the relocation wild animals and birds will gradually re-emerged in the region.

(4) Impact on biodiversity in the nature reserve ¾ Impact analysis of assessment region natural system changes on the natural reserve natural ecological system stability

The project's impact on the biological productivity of the region mainly in the construction permanent land use, project construction will change the original vegetation, therefore the local regional biological productivity will be decreased within the evaluation area.

Permanent land use of this project in the nature reserve only0.6hm2, and are building land and bare wasteland, permanent land use area vegetation is sparse. Take the evaluation area as a whole, the proportion of vegetation changes due to project area land use and the level of biological productivity change is slight, so the project has little effect on regional ecological system production capacity, construction and operation of project has little effect on the regional stability of ecosystem recovery, natural system can withstand it. After the end of the project through the effective recovery of the damaged vegetation due to construction, construction impact on regional stability of ecosystem recovery will be further reduced.

At the same time, proposed projects within the nature reserve are mainly for wetland restoration and protection projects, work is less, duration of construction period in the nature reserve is short, have a less impact on nature reserve, various animals in the nature reserve has short adapt time, in particular the habitat rehabilitation project will attract a large number of birds habitat here, help to restore the wetland type and quantities of birds; After the completion of the proposed project, the landscape quality will be increased, will further

109 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report strengthen the stability of landscape ecological system, will help increase the biodiversity of plant and animal species.

That the proposed projects during project construction period will have a minor impact on the integrity of the Nature Reserve, the impact on the integrity of the experimental area is also small, after the end of construction which will help restore wetland area and ecological diversity in the Nature Reserve.

¾ Change analysis of species diversity

Project construction area is not part of the main habitats and active area of the national protected animal, project area and the surrounding area does not have national and local key protected plant and animal species. Vegetation in permanent land use area is sparse, the loss of vegetation in this region is mainly dry, perennial, clump grass plants which are widespread species in the nature reserve, and have little influence to vegetation distribution and plant community changes in the nature reserve. Construction period will make local rodents, birds and animals migrate, but will not result in changes in animal populations and species loss. At the same time, construction of wetland protection and restoration project for this project, which have inestimable value to the protection of species diversity.

Thus, the impact of proposed project on animal and plant habitat, population and size of protected animal and plant, and species diversity within nature reserve is very small; construction will not affect the integrity of ecosystems and biodiversity in the nature reserve.

4.3.2 Atmospheric environmental impact analysis during construction

During construction, the main environmental air pollution is dust, and exhaust emissions produced by construction machinery and transport vehicles. Dust usually resulting from land excavation, leveling, building materials uninstallation, vehicles, cement mixing and other operations.

During construction the main source of dust is formed by transport vehicles running, accounting for 60% of total dust. The size of dust is relative to degree of dry weather, road conditions, vehicle speed and the wind speed. Under normal circumstances, under natural wind, road dust affected areas is within 100m, in windy weather the amount of dust and the ranges will be expanded. Construction waste soil, sand and lime, if were not properly covered or spilled during loading, unloading and transport, it also can result in construction dust. Take appropriate protective measures during the construction period can reduce environmental impact caused by construction and after the construction the impact also will come to an end. Thus, the proposed project during construction period has little effect on the ambient air.

4.3.3 Water environmental impact analysis during construction

Wastewater discharge during construction period mainly come from washing water of construction machinery and vehicles, if these waste water were not treated and discharged

110 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report directly into water bodies, will have a certain effect on wetland resources and water environment; If discharge at random, which will have some negative impact on soil and vegetation. In addition, the dumping of construction waste and other waste in the course of construction, if not handled properly, will cause pollution to water bodies along the line.

4.3.4 Sound environmental impact analysis during construction period

Construction noise mainly generated by the construction machines and transport vehicles, different stages and at different places, different nature of the job will have different noises. Include: road construction, trench excavation, pipe laying and other construction. Therefore, in addition to the large piling machine, mechanical construction includes almost all other construction machinery. Main machinery and its radiation sound level shown in table 4.3-1.

Table 4.3-1 radiated sound level of the main construction machinery

Unit: dB (A) Sound No Machinery Sound level No Machinery level Road-machine 1 79 5 Wood sawing and planing 95

2 Shovel loaders 75 6 Pneumatic drill 85 3 Vibrating rod 81 7 Lift 72 4 Concrete mixer 79 8 Dump Truck 84 Notes: wood sawing, planing measure distance is 1 m, dump truck measuring distance is 7.5 m, other measuring distances all is 15 m.

Note: The table shows the noise of a single mechanical operation, more than one simultaneous operation, the noise will increase by 3-8 dB (A).

Taking into account the type of operating machinery, the number of units and the specific distribution often changing, it can only be assumed as the typical case to calculate, the distance from construction space center to the construction site boundary is 50m. According to the construction site boundary noise limits (GB2523-90) gives the field construction noise limit values in table 4.3-2.

Table 4.3-2 construction site boundary noise limits unit: dB (A) Noise limit Construction stage The main noise source Daytime At night Bulldozer, excavator, loader, and Earth and stone 75 55 other Structure Concrete mixers, vibrating rod 70 55 Decoration Cranes, lifts and so on 65 55

According to analogy survey, this construction machinery noise attenuation with distance shown in table 4.3-3. Know from Table 4.3-3, the noise of construction machinery during construction can lead to excessive noise within 40m of the construction site.

111 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report In the project area no permanent residents, but the noise during construction will have an impact on animals within the nature reserve. Therefore, must strengthen construction management during construction process, develop reasonable and feasible implementation plan, strictly designate the construction area, strictly prohibit cross-border construction, and take the necessary noise insulation facilities so as to minimize the impact on wildlife habitat activities.

Table 4.3-3 main construction machinery noise attenuation with distance unit: dB (A) Name of machine Distance with construction machinery 5m 10m 20m 40m Mixer 84 81 75 69 Vibrating rod 95 89 83 77 Crane 80 74 68 62 Excavator 91 85 79 73 Loading and 89 83 77 71 unloading machine Lift 83 77 71 65

4.3.5 Solid waste emission environmental impact during construction

Solid wastes during construction period are mainly abandoned materials and garbage, these solid wastes, if not treated and directly discharged will cause some adverse effects to nature protection environment quality and landscape.

To reduce construction impacts on nature reserve, the environmental impact assessment requires that temporary construction site (yard, construction camps, etc.) within the nature reserve should layout adjacent project area outside the nature reserve, collect the garbage produced during construction, remove and transport to the designated location on a regular basis, strictly prohibit arbitrary stacking.

4.4 Environmental impact analysis of the operating period

Wetland protection project operation impacts on nature reserve have both positive and negative aspects. On the one hand, wetland protection project construction and operation can improve wetland ecological environment, strengthen hydraulic connection in wetland, maintain biological diversity and protect animal and plant species; On the other hand, with the development and construction of wetland protection project, wetland ecological environment is getting better and better, attract more tourists to visit, various living facilities and recreational facilities will generate wastewater, waste gas and garbage in the course of using which will cause pollution to air, water and soil in this region, will cause some adverse effects on nature reserve.

4.4.1 Wetland ecological environment impact of the operating period

With the construction and implementation of wetland protection project, can contribute to the

112 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report ecological function restoration of wetland, are of great significance in maintain ecological balance, improve ecological conditions, achieve harmony between man and nature, as well as the sustained, rapid, and healthy and coordinated economic and social development. The completion of the project will improve wetland eco-environment and functions, mainly reflected in the following areas:

(1) Increase wetland area: through the implementation of returning farmland to swamp project and vegetation restoration project, can increase wetland area 40hm2, serve to protect the hydraulic linkage and structure of wetland, make wetland hydraulic connection smoothly; Reducing the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution on wetland, easing ecological problems due to wetland degradation, promoting wetland ecological function restoration and sustainable use of wetland resources, and preventing natural disasters. (2) Maintain biological diversity: through measures such as replanting aquatic plants, restore reed-dominated type and quantity of wetland plants, establish a variety of wetland plant species, take measures such as store water and grow reed, improve the living environment of water aquatic animals and plants. It is of great significance in maintain the survival of the wild species, improve the ecological environment, and maintain wetland biodiversity. (3) Species protection: implementation of the fencing, increased migratory bird habitat, breeding, stop priority wetlands protection and restoration efforts in the region, establish fixed publicity tablet and signboard, improve degraded swamp and grassland, restore natural vegetation and waterfowl habitat, prohibit human activities interfere balance state of wetland water resources and biological diversity, maintain self-repair function of wetland ecological system, restore bird habitat, breeding grounds, stopover wetland area, to achieve the purpose of restoring the original ecology. The project used tree species and aquatic plants are native species, will not in a position to form species invasion. Project intends to establish three habitat restoration demonstration 900hm2, to reduce disturbance to wildlife, which is of great significance in protect species, in particular the population and number of rare and endangered species and maintain biological diversity. (4) Through the establishment of wetland protection management ability and monitoring system, form a more perfect legal and policy system, raise the level of wetland protection and management, and ensure the regional ecological security and sustainable social development.

4.4.2 The environmental impact of domestic pollution

The operations impact of wildlife rescue station, district-level protection station and wetland monitoring center on the environment mainly the impact of domestic wastewater and solid waste emission from staff on the nature reserve environment. The life pollution will inevitably have a negative impact e on water environment, atmospheric environment, the landscape

113 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report environment, so must take the appropriate preventive and control measures.

4.4.3 The environmental impact of induced effect

With the development and construction of wetland protection project, wetland ecological environment is getting better and better, which will attract more people to visit our wetland, with the launching of eco-tourism, has reinforced the ecological environment protection consciousness of the tourism operators, local residents and tourists; At the same time the revenue created from tourism, increased funding for the nature reserve construction, in order to improve the tourism quality and taste ,tourist developer will actively take steps to greening the bare woodland to further improve the quantity and quality of vegetation resources. But it can also bring some negative effects:

(1) Construction of recreation facilities has irreversible destructive negative effects, such as the construction of the necessary travel roads, such as travel required the construction of roads, parking lots, restaurants and other services facilities, they need to take up wetland resources, destroy vegetation, inevitably cause harm to the natural resources in this region. This damage is often devastating and permanent, once caused is less likely to take measures to restore as-is. (2) The operation of Recreational facilities is controllable but does not eliminate the negative effects. various living facilities will generate wastewater, waste gas and garbage in the course of using which will cause pollution to air, water and soil in this region, reduce environment quality of natural ecological system, but this effect is controllable, as long as in the process of forest ecological tourism planning, construction and operation, pay attention to environmental protection, take practical protection measures, strengthen management, can maximally minimum loss degree.

114 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE

DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

5.1 Environmental rationality analysis of project construction

5.1.1 Compliance analysis of Zhangye urban master planning

(1) The overall layout

According to the new trend of Zhangye urban development and present natural and socio-economic conditions in urban areas, the master plan adjusts the land use based on cluster structure, forming a new group form city structure of "one center three districts four axis".

¾ One center: Zhangye old city. ¾ Three districts: three main functional divisions around the downtown, they are northeast industrial park, new city in west and wetland area in north. Take center urban as connecting core, three districts echoed each other and complement each other. ¾ Four axes: main urban development axes consisted by North-South axis, East-West axis, and two axes at an oblique angle to connect the function partition and the center of partition areas.

Binhe New District located in northwest of the old city. Planning to use landscape location advantages of Heihe and Wetland Park, characterized by Binhe water development to form important economic growth pole of the city, promote the development of district administration center, ecotourism, form comprehensive modern ecological livable area integrating the executive office, casual living, eco-tourism, research and education, passenger transportation and business as one.

Complement with tourism in the old city, and interactive develop with wetland park construction to form new power of Zhangye city development

(2) Road traffic planning

According to the Zhangye master plan, the city's new network forms the structure of "five horizontal seven longitudinal, checkerboard network."

Five horizontal:

¾ Landscape Avenue: mainly landscape roads ¾ West Zhaowu Road, East Zhaowu Road, North Ring Road, Shenghe Road ¾ West Yuguan Road, East Yuguan Road, Kansai Road East West Main Street, East Main Street, Jincheng Road -- east connected to 312 State road to

115 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Lanzhou, Shanghai. ¾ West Danxia Road, East Danxia road, South Ring Road, Changshamen Road—west connected to external transportation road to Sunan County ¾ Yanuan Road, South Second Ring Road, Ying’en Road ¾ Seven longitudinal: ¾ North Gaotai Road, South Gaotai Road ¾ North Linze Road, South Linze Road ¾ West Second Ring Road – north connected to 312 National Highway to Yining ¾ Tuoling Road, West Ring Road, Longshou road—south linked to external transportation road to Dayakou resort ¾ Juyan road, North Main Street, South Main Street, Qilian Road ¾ Renzong Road, East Ring Road, Kangle Road ¾ Kunlun Road, Yongping Road, East Second Ring Road – north linked to West Changyun Road to Urumqi, South to 227national highway to Xining

Proposed North Third Ring Road, North Second Ring Road, Zhaowu Road, South Third Ring Road as horizontal roads, Gaotai road, Linze and Juyan road as longitudinal road, so network layout of Binhe New District is in line with road network structure of "five horizontal seven longitudinal, checkerboard network" in master plan.

(3) Municipal infrastructure planning ¾ Water supply engineering planning ¾ Water supply source: Zhangye urban water supply source is groundwater.

Water supply plant building: planning to construct the third new water supply plant with the supply capacity of 80,000 tons/day, to ensure that the water supply in urban areas and development areas, and build urban water supply dispatch system in urban areas.

Urban water supply engineering system: to improve the reliability of water supply in urban areas, lower water head loss in pipe network, reduce impact caused by water hammer, water supply networks use vertical and horizontal connections to form a closed ring-shape pipe network, some lots should be combined with the dendritic network. Diameter of main pipe is 800-1000mm; diameter of branch pipe is 200-500mm.

5.1.3 Feasibility analysis of Binhe New District infrastructure development relying facilities

5.1.3.1 The third water supply plant source in Zhangye

According to the plan, the planning scope of water taking source is selected in northwest of

116 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report the highway, that is between Xindun village and the second and third communities of Nanhua village, control area is 8 km2, laying water main pipes are introduced to the third water supply plant for purification treatment, to provide the city safe drinking water.

According to hydrological geological early exploration report of the third water supply plant in Zhangye Ganzhou, exploration area groundwater mainly assigned in loose gravel pebble of up and middle layers, aquifer water yield property is good, and from south to north watery gradually become larger, in the north of exploration area in power plant water source single well water quantity is 10000.00-15000.00m3/d (drawdown 5 m, tube diameter 16), within exploration area single well water quantity is 5000.00-8000.00 m3/d (drawdown 5 m, tube diameter 16), southern watery is relatively smaller than northern watery, single well water quantity can also reach to 3000.00m3/d; groundwater within exploration area mainly accept lateral recharge of south groundwater and infiltration of the Black River, runoff to the northwest direction, hydraulic gradient is usually 4.50-6.00‰, mainly excrete in the lateral outflow; chemical type of exploration area groundwater is single, all are carbonate-sulphate or carbonated water, groundwater salinity is less than 1.00g/L.

Based on the results of groundwater resources evaluation, under the status quo (P=50%) conditions, when designing water level drawdown depth is 8.00 m, calculated allowable production is 3342.58x104m3/a, accounting for only 27.25% of natural recharge (12268.80x104m3/a), allowable production guarantee degree is higher. Design of extraction volume in water source site is 2920x104m3/a, 87.36% of the total allowable production.

According to the water quality analysis report of the third water supply plant in Ganzhou, use comprehensive evaluation method to analysis monitoring results of the organoleptic indicators of groundwater quality in mining areas, common chemical indicators and toxicological indicators, the results indicate underground water quality in water plant is good (class I), various factors are in line with the drinking water standards (GB5749-2006), applies to the centralized drinking water and industrial and agricultural water use.

It is indicated from water plant geological prospecting, groundwater resources evaluation and water quality analysis results that the third water supply plant meet the relevant requirements of groundwater exploitation.

5.1.3.2 Zhangye wastewater treatment plant

Zhangye wastewater treatment plant located in II district of Zhangye Industrial Park, southwest of Lanzhou-Xinjiang railway, the main plant covers an area of 147mu, location is shown in Figure 2.1-1. planning construction scale of the project is based on 80,000 t/day, implement phased construction, the first phase scale of construction is 40,000 t/day, to start the construction in September 2002, completed construction in the end of September 2006 and be in production for commissioning, in December 2007 got acceptance from the municipal level, in September 2008 got final acceptance from provincial level. Treatment process of treatment plant is improved oxidation ditch process, discharge water quality after treatment reaches “pollutants discharge standards for municipal wastewater treatment plant” (GB18918-2002 level Ⅰstandard B)."

117 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Influent and effluent water quality statistics Zhangye wastewater treatment plant in 2010is shown in Table 5.1-1.

Table 5.1-1 Zhangye wastewater treatment plant water quality index

suspended total total index COD BOD ammonian substance nitrogen phosphorus Influent 180∼250 80∼150 50∼100 15∼45 30∼50 2∼5 effluent 15∼20 2∼10 15∼30 5∼10 20∼30 0.5∼1 level 50 10 10 5（8） 15 1 standard A level 60 20 20 8（15） 20 1.5 standard B

Source: Zhangye wastewater treatment plant 2010 data

From the above table, in addition to total nitrogen effluent water quality are all meet the discharge standards of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB18918-2002 level Ⅰstandard B). Currently effluent water index is much higher than the original design, mainly because the influent water pollutant concentration of wastewater treatment plant is much lower than the original design 400 mg/l, take COD (chemical oxygen demand) for example (180-250 mg/l).

Indicator of total nitrogen in Zhangye wastewater treatment plant effluent water is high. Treatment plant use improved oxidation ditch process for treatment process and has hypoxia in the front, so basically the process is equivalent to A/O denitrification process, but because the HRT of oxidation ditch is 8h, BOD load is 0.2-0.25kgBOD/m3.d, so actual run of the process is basically carbon removal process, under conditions that sewage reaches the design load, it does not meet the nitrogen requirements well.

Currently effluent water quality of wastewater treatment plant has reached the GB18918-2002 wastewater treatment plant discharge standard levelⅠclass B requirements, disperse to Shandan River through the canal and eventually flows into the Black River. However, according to the initial design of wastewater treatment plant, the effluent water of wastewater treatment plant should planned to be used by Zhangye power plant (10 km far from the wastewater treatment plant), and the rest can be released into the wetland or for agriculture irrigation, although the sewage pumping station and pipeline to the thermal power plant has been built, but thermal power plant still uses underground water prepared by itself. If you want to meet the requirements of wetland protection in Zhangye, Zhangye wastewater treatment plant effluent water quality should achieve GB18918-2002 sewage treatment plant discharge standard level Ⅰ class A standard.

5.1.4 Water plant site selection analysis

Zhangye urban water supply source is groundwater; it can meet the needs of short and long term development of the city. According to the master plan and the actual situation at the

118 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report scene, water taking source is selected in the southwest of the highway; control area is 8 km2, laying water taking main pipes to the third water supply plant for purification, provide safe drinking water to the cities. New water plant location is proposed near the interchange of South Sunan road and West Danxia Road in planning area.

Proposed water plant site is in line with the master plan of Binhe New District, present situation of water supply plant is agricultural land, north of planning fence 90m away distributed Xindun town tribunals, courts and shops; according to planning of Binhe New District, it is the ecological livable area oriented with the function of executive office, casual living, research and education, around the proposed site there are no enterprise that will cause water pollution at present and in planning, therefore, water plant site is reasonable.

Due to the particularities of the water supply plant using functions, recommend to set greening protection belt around the water supply plant, take walls of water factory as boundary within 100m is health protection zone of water supply plant. Enterprise may influence the safety of water supply plant should be strictly prohibited; to reduce adverse effect on the function of water supply from surrounding fugitive emissions.

5.1.5 Rationality analysis of the subproject building time and order

At present, the developed construction regions mainly includes lake in Binhe New District, north side of north ring road, Ninghe sub district, with the development of Binhe New District, national wetland park road infrastructure, some of the projects have been started. roads in Binhe New District are planned to start construction in late 2011, opened to traffic in early 2012. After the roads were built, its underground pipeline engineering should be completed at the same time. Road network of Binhe New District will be formed by 2012, which can meet construction and operation traffic demand of other new items (such as residential areas, hospitals, schools, hotels etc.).

5.2 Environmental impact analysis during construction

5.2.1 Socio-environmental impact and evaluation during construction

Construction of the proposed projects on one hand can promote socio-economic development of Binhe New District and Zhangye city, raise the living standards of residents along the project, on the other hand during construction and operation periods projects will inevitably cause various adverse effects on local traffic, the city landscape and other social environment aspects.

(1) Traffic impact analysis

Binhe New District infrastructure development’s impact on traffic during construction mainly in two areas: road and pipe network construction, earth dumping and other activities’ obstruction on traffic and increasing of transportation vehicle’s impact on traffic capacity.

(2) The impact analysis and evaluation of city landscape

119 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Coverage of the proposed project is large, in pipe network construction, due to the road broken excavation and earth-rock dumping, will make pipe network laying areas seems to be messy, despite there are the surrounding barrier, but construction site will always give the impression of confusion; in the outside transporting process of soil and rock there are some leaves and sprinkle, it will also have adverse effects on the surrounding landscape. Therefore, cleaning and management during construction is particularly important. However, adverse effects cycle on the landscape of engineering construction is short, and can be restored.

(3) Social and environmental impact analysis of resettlement ¾ Statistics of item land occupation and demolition

Infrastructure construction projects of Binhe New District covers totally 2652.34mu (176.8hm2) land, of which 2186.1mu (145.7hm2) is cultivated land in rural areas, 386.8mu (25.8hm2) rural housing land, 79.5mu (5.3hm2) unit land; need removal of 577 house, 2,055 people, affected business by the construction are 24 households 69 persons.

During road construction the affected floor accessories are 5,925 meters of appendage cable, 8,110 meters wall, 519 telegraph poles, and 54,310 trees and so on.

5.2.2 Eco-environmental impact analysis during construction

Impact of Infrastructure construction on ecological environment can be divided into two stages of during construction and operation period. In which the impact during construction is the most, mainly the impact of project construction land occupation on regional eco-environmental and agro-ecological, and soil and water loss.

5.2.2.1 Eco-environmental impact analysis and evaluation of building occupied land

Infrastructure development located in Zhangye Binhe New District, current status is as a typical rural living environment, and the Binhe New District is adjacent to the center area of Zhangye city, city traffic is larger, environmental sensitive points are more, so the EIA requires strictly to prohibit setting asphalt concrete mixing field and construction camps. The coarse and fine aggregate and cushion material required for engineering are all trading goods, which avoid the new yard excavation effects on the environment. Therefore, project land covering is mainly planned road network laying engineering and the covering of water treatment plant.

According to the project design information, the proposed infrastructure of Binhe New District covers a total area of 176.24 hm2, where 145.7hm2 of farm land, accounting for 82.67% of the total land, a greater proportion of agricultural land occupied by the project, so influence on ecological environment of building land covering is mainly impact on agricultural ecological environment.

Xindun town along the road original have 38,000mu (2533.34 hm2) of cultivated land, the proposed project occupied145.7 hm2 cultivated land, accounting for 5.7% of total cultivated land area of the town. This shows that the project farmland occupation does not have a clear

120 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report impact on overall agricultural production and land use patterns along the line, and do not have a significant adverse effect on residents’ whole production, living standards along the line.

5.2.2.2 Soil and water loss analysis and evaluation

Infrastructure construction fill is totally 106,500 m3, filling are all gravel soil and purchased. Excavation is totally 87100 m3, in which 60% is available, the remaining 34,800 m3 are humus soil, which can be used for Binhe New District and other greening earth. Project does not set a permanent waste area, so infrastructure impacts on soil and water loss mainly in the pipe network laying construction process and the provisional dumping of earth during filling.

5.2.3 Noise environmental impact prediction and evaluation during construction

5.2.3.1 Noise source analysis during construction

During the construction, various construction machineries, operation of construction sites, pipe weld and so on will generate noise, and major construction noise comes from the operation of various construction machinery and equipment.

Commonly used construction machineries in road construction, pipe laying, construction of water purification plant are excavators, bulldozers, graders, loaders and so on, the noise values are shown in Table 5.2-1.

Table 5.2-1 Noise sources machinery noise values during construction unit: dB (A)

＃ Name Noise sound level Generated method 1 excavator 92 intermitten 2 bulldozer 94 continuous 3 grader 100 intermitten 4 loader 100 intermitten 5 Road roller 94 continuous 6 Mixer 96 continuous 7 Paver 95 intermitten

5.2.3.2 Prediction formula

Construction is the open job generally, no noise preventing and reduction measures, therefore spreading farther, impact area is larger. operations of each construction phase requires some working space, construction machinery operation has a certain amount of space when operating, so construction equipment noise source intensity is as a point source, its noise prediction model are as follows:

121 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report r LLpp=−0 20log( ) r0 ¾ In the formula: r -distance of the sound source to the accepting point, m; L ¾ p -Construction noise prediction values from the sound source, dB (A); L r ¾ p0 -Reference sound level from the sound source0 , dB (A);

5.2.3.3 Prediction results and evaluation

During the construction of roads, pipelines and water treatment plant noise prediction values at the different distance of commonly used machinery are shown in table 5.2-2.

Proposed project is with lots of construction works, and high mechanization degree, the generated noise resulting has a certain amount of effect on the surrounding environment. According to the construction site noise limits (GB12523-90), noise limits for the different stages of construction job is 70~75dB (A) during daytime, 55dB (A) during nighttime, and in accordance with different noise prediction values of construction machinery in different distance (see in Table 5.2-2), you get all kinds of construction machinery noise standard distance, see in Table 5.2-3.

Table 5.2-2 noise prediction values for all kinds of construction machinery at different distances

Machinery noise prediction values dB(A) name 5m 10m 20m 40m 50m 60m 80m 100m 150m 300m excavator 84 78 72 66 64 63 60 58 55 47 bulldozer 86 80 74 68 66 65 62 60 57 49 grader 90 84 78 72 70 69 66 64 62 54 loader 90 84 78 72 70 69 66 64 62 54 Road roller 86 80 74 68 66 65 62 60 57 49 Mixer 87 81 75 69 67 66 63 61 58 50 Paver 85 79 73 67 65 64 61 59 56 48

Table 5.2-3 typical construction machinery noise control distance estimation table

Compliance control distance Standard limits dB(A) Construction Construction （m） stage name daytime nighttime daytime nighttime excavator 75 55 15 150 bulldozer 75 55 18 180 Earth and stone grader 75 55 29 290 loader 75 55 29 290 Structure Road roller 70 55 32 180

122 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Mixer 70 55 36 200 Paver 70 55 29 160

From the analysis table 5.2-3 we can see:

(1) The construction noise will have a certain impact on surrounding acoustic environmental quality; compliance control distance of construction noise during daytime is 40m and during nighttime 300m. (2) Because most infrastructure environments sensitive points are close to roadside, construction machinery noise has a greater influence on residents’ living in the vicinity. Therefore, during the construction projects in sensitive areas should be avoided at noon and nighttime, and shorten the construction period as much as possible, at the same time to communicate as well as with local villagers to reduce construction machinery noise impact on the environment sensitive points. (3) The building of resident focus areas section should take provisional reduction measures, such as temporary acoustic barrier.

5.2.4 Water environmental impact analysis and evaluation during construction

5.2.4.1 Surface water environmental impact analysis

Construction workers rent dwelling houses in the vicinity, no life camp, the wastewater during construction mainly are a small amount of production wastewater, domestic wastewater within production areas, a small amount of oil-containing wastewater generated during mechanical construction, pipe pressure testing wastewater and pipe flushing water.

5.2.4.2 Groundwater environmental impact analysis and evaluation during construction

Infrastructure projects during construction are mainly the construction wastewater and sanitary wastewater of builders, managers. Construction wastewater amount is small, usually resulting from concrete curing, foundation grouting and venues flushing and so on, typically an unorganized emission.

In construction waste water mainly are turbidity, color and other physical indexes is higher. Sanitary waste water of workers is very small, in sanitary waste water are mainly total coliform group and bacteria and other bio-indicators, the total number is higher.

According to the infrastructure engineering hydrological survey results, groundwater of proposed road is the fourth loose rock pore shallow water, groundwater are mainly occurrence in the gravel layer, groundwater recharge source are mainly atmospheric precipitation and lateral flow recharge, runoff from southwest to northeast direction.

Lateral flow and artificial mining is the main drainage method of groundwater, general exploration of local road only found groundwater in North third ring road, buried deep is 0.3-1.3m and the remaining roads prospecting hole depth (15m) were not found ground

123 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report water. Therefore, the infrastructure construction impact on underground water environment mainly in the excavation (particularly North third ring road), the cooling water of machinery and equipment operation and oily water generated during construction machinery operation are directly discharged without treatment, and the impact of oily sewage generated during construction machinery maintenance on water quantity and quality of latent layer.

However, the construction wastewater and sanitary wastewater are the short-term temporary, because the waste water produced during construction is small, water into fracture water and pore water is few, and after filtration and adsorption, this part of water can be purified, is unlikely to impact on groundwater quality.

5.2.5 Environmental air impact analysis and evaluation during construction

Infrastructure construction located in the Xindun town, is a typical village environment, residents distribution point is more centralized, so the EIA requires no asphalt concrete mixture site in construction site, so during construction period of the main pollution factors on the environmental air of the project are exhaust and dust, in which exhaust are mainly tail gas produced by all kinds of construction machinery and transport vehicles; Dust usually generated from road and construction site excavation and backfill, dumping earth and stone, and loading and transportation of removal construction waste, transport and unloading of building materials, and road dust during construction, meanwhile land grading produces small amounts of dust, the main pollutant is TSP.

(1) Dust environmental impact analysis ¾ dust environmental impact analysis in construction site

Dust usually generated from excavation and backfill of road, construction site and pipe drain, land grading, construction materials and soil dumping and so on, its amount changes depending on weather conditions, construction time, and encountered gale weather construction dust will be more severe, will have some impact on ambient air quality.

The proposed project is located in west arid area, with scarce rainfall, more dust; dust will affect larger area, conveying distance of fine particles can reach over dozens of kilometers. When construction conducted under the water and windy avoiding days, TSP concentration of down wind 50m is less than 0.3mg/m3. In engineering the construction process, certain emission reduction, dust-proof and dust-reduction measures should be taken, by sprinkling water, provision of guard, tarpaulin shelter and other measures to prevent the dust in the wind, while strengthen environmental supervision to minimize environmental impact.

¾ Pavement dust environmental impact analysis

Factors that cause roads dust are more, mainly related to vehicle speed, carrying tonnage, contact area of tires and road, wind speed, the quantity of road area dust and road dust humidity, and the wind speeds also directly affect the transmission distance of dust. In general, the affected areas of dust generated by vehicles under natural wind are within 100m. If to water to prevent dust on traffic road surface during the construction, 4~5 times a day,

124 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report dust reduction is about 70%, TSP pollution is down to 20~50m. At the same time, building material itself during transport if does not closely covered will produce dust when wind, especially for powdered materials it is very easy to produce dust pollution. The first dust pollution of vehicles scattered dust and the second dust pollution of vehicle running will both have a significant adverse impact on the environment, particularly in windy weather, the impact will be more serious.

Therefore, vehicles for transport of granular material must be strictly managed, meanwhile to take protective measures to avoid or reduce road dust pollution on the environment, such as limiting vehicle speed, watering, and covering transport material to avoid splashing and so on. Through the adoption of such measures can effectively reduce the impact of dust on the residential community along the road, and this effect is temporary, it will terminate with the end of construction.

(2) Environmental impact analysis of construction machinery and transport vehicle exhaust emissions

Tail gas pollutants of construction machinery and transportation vehicles are major CO, HC,

NOX and SO2, which has a certain impact on nearby residential areas, business and so on. But due to the number of construction machinery is not large, distribution fragmented, regional of construction open flat, construction time short, so construction machinery and transport vehicle exhaust will affect small and time is short. At the same time to implement measures such as restricting overloading, limiting speed to reduce transport vehicles and construction machinery exhaust effects on surrounding residents, and the impact of construction machinery and transport vehicle exhaust will terminate with the end of construction.

5.2.6 Solid waste environment impact analysis and evaluation during construction

Construction waste soil is used for greening and farmland, projects does not set disposal site, so solid waste in the construction process of the proposed road comes mainly from construction waste and sanitary waste of workers.

(1) Environmental impact of solid waste during construction

During the construction, various construction personnel are more concentrated, solid waste composition are complicated. The solid waste generated is accounted on the basis of about 1.0kg/people per day, each road with about 50 people during construction, solid waste produced during construction is about 18t/a.

Effects of solid waste on the environment are invasion and occupation of land, destruction of landform and vegetation. Solid wastes dumping needs to occupy the land, the land used to farm and planting trees is occupied by large number of solid waste, lost its original function. Other solid wastes can pollute the soil, groundwater and surface water. Solid waste dumped in open area, part of poisonous and harmful substances in the solid waste leached by rainfall and then lixivium leaching into the ground, which can contaminate underground water. Solid

125 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report waste is stacked on sides of river; hazardous substances will enter rivers with rainfall runoff, which will pollute river water environment. Solid wastes can also pollute the atmosphere. Solid waste contains a large number of other small particles which may contain harmful ingredients, under the action of wind, hazardous substances in solid waste would fly around, which will pollute air, which in turn harm human health. So you need to take appropriate protection measures, or solid waste and domestic waste will cause adverse health effects on the natural environment and the population.

Construction debris impacts on the surrounding environment in construction site construction waste in road construction sites are mainly remaining road building materials, including stone, sand, asphalt, cement, steel, lime and so on, although these materials are purchased in accordance with the construction schedule, but will inevitably be a small amount of road materials remained, placed in work shed or open stack. For example, when lime and cement with water permeate into underground, will compact soil, pH will be higher, and will pollute groundwater, which will make land lost productivity, waste valuable land resources. Therefore, in order to eliminate these effects, it should be in accordance with the project plan and construction progress to purchase road materials during the construction, strictly control the use of materials, minimize surplus material, carefully keep the remaining material for the rural roads building of surrounding areas and construction use, thus reduce waste impact on the environmental impact.

5.3 Environmental impact forecast and evaluation during operation

From the recognition analysis of the infrastructure construction impact on environment, it shows that environmental impact after infrastructure operation is mainly road network construction on acoustic environment and atmospheric environmental impacts; acoustic environment impact of water purification plant, fire caused by sodium chlorate and organic matter oxidation reaction heat, environmental risk caused by leakage of hydrochloric acid storage tank.

5.3.1 Social and environmental impact analysis during operation

¾ Improve the traffic capacity of the local traffic

Completion of this project can significantly improve the traffic condition along the line, speed up material exchanges of along line area and the outside world, speed up the flowing speed of labor, material, technical, funding within and outside the line, and then have a positive promoting role in investment environment, industrial structure and the improvement of living standards, to the and have a great promoting role in economic development of local area.

5.3.2 ECO-environmental impact analysis during operation

(1) Analysis of eco-environmental effects of land use change

126 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Effects of ecological landscape during project operations mainly reflected in an adverse effect of the land status within requisition scope confer from farmland and residential land into traffic construction land, reduction of regional plant systems biology, noticeably increasing of traffic in construction area car flow, increasing of automobile exhaust, dust and traffic noise on the surrounding flora and fauna. Implement supporting greening engineering and other measures when in construction will help coordination between environment along the line and outside of the line. As a whole engineering operations’ impact on ecological environment t is within an acceptable range.

(2) The impact on urban northern suburb wetland

New District provides living areas for the residents original living in the northern suburb wetland, significantly reduces human life impact and destruction on wetland protection; rainwater engineering construction in infrastructure project collect the natural rainfall and after precipitation, recharged into the wetland, which forms a natural circulation system; sewage works in infrastructure construction collect sewage and purify domestic sewage produced by residents area, to prevent the past phenomenon of discharging sewage directly into the wetland reserve, greatly reduced human impacts on wetland conservation. Binhe New District properties change from farmland into roads land use and residential land, which will reduce the amount of irrigation recharge of groundwater resources, but because this amount little, and after the construction of rain water pipe network in Binhe New District, which can discharge collected rain water into northern suburb wetland, so construction operations in Binhe New District will not have a negative impact on the groundwater supply of the whole northern suburb wetland. So infrastructure development is help to reduce domestic sewage on wetland disturbance and destruction, to a certain extent it can improve the water quality of wetland.

5.3.3 Noise environmental impact prediction and evaluation during operation

5.3.3.1 Environmental impact during road network construction operation

(1) Noise impact forecast results analysis and evaluation

According to "notice on Zhangye urban sound environment quality control division program issued by Ganzhou District Government Office" ((2010) No. 270,) and "reply on Gansu (Zhangye) urban infrastructure development and wetland protection project environment evaluation implementation standard" ("2011" 114th) by Zhangye environmental protection Bureau, general sensitive points within 50m on both sides of roads in road network in Binhe New Area implement the 4a class standard of Sound Environment Quality Standard (GB3095-2008), school, hospitals and other sensitive points perform class 2 standard.

(2) Road traffic noise prediction and evaluation

According to the forecast model, combined with a wide range of determined parameters of highway project, without considering the other noise attenuation factors, to calculate traffic noise forecast values of the proposed road evaluation characteristics annual (2012, 2017 and 2027). As shown in Table 5.3-4.

127 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report ¾ North third ring road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 35m, 42m and 62m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-time is 352m away from the road center line, in operational medium-and long-term all cannot meet class 1 standard within 400m evaluation scope.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 2.5dB（A）~3.4dB（A）~10.4dB （A）, during nighttime is 5.9dB（A）~6.9dB（A）~8.8dB（A）.

¾ North Linze Road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 37m, 44m and 65m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short- and medium-time is 331m and 393m away from the road center line, in operational long-term all cannot meet class 1 standard within 400m evaluation scope.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 3.0dB（A）~4.0dB（A）~5.9dB （A）, during nighttime is 6.5dB（A）~7.4dB（A）~9.4dB（A）.

¾ Huota Road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 37m, 45m and 66m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short- and medium-time is 334m and 395m away from the road center line, in operational long-term all cannot meet class 1 standard within 400m evaluation scope.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 3.0dB（A）~4.0dB（A）~5.9dB （A）, during nighttime is6.5dB（A）~7.4dB（A）~9.4dB（A）.

¾ North second ring road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 38m, 46m and 68m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-time is 365m away from the road center line, in operational medium- and long-term all cannot meet class 1 standard within 400m evaluation scope.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium- and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 3.3dB（A）~4.3dB（A）~6.2dB （A）, during nighttime is 6.8dB（A）~7.7dB（A）~9.7dB（A）.

128 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report ¾ Zhaowu road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 39m, 47m and 69m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-time is 350m away from the road center line, in operational medium- and long-term all cannot meet class 1 standard within 400m evaluation scope.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 3.4dB（A）~4.3dB（A）~6.3dB （A）, during nighttime is 6.8dB（A）~7.8dB（A）~9.7dB（A）.

¾ Juyan road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 37m, 44m and 69m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short- and medium-time is 331m and 364m away from the road center line, in operational long-term all cannot meet class 1 standard within 400m evaluation scope.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 3.0dB（A）~4.0dB（A）~5.9dB （A）, during nighttime is6.5dB（A）~7.4dB（A）~9.4dB（A）.

¾ Yihua road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 31m, 45m and 65m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short- and medium-time is 286m and 331m away from the road center line, in operational long-term all cannot meet class 1 standard within 400m evaluation scope.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 3.0dB（A）~4.0dB（A）~5.9dB （A）, during nighttime is6.5dB（A）~7.5dB（A）~9.4dB（A）.

¾ South third ring road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 41m, 49m and 72m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-time is 369m away from the road center line, in operational medium- and long-term all cannot meet class 1 standard within 400m evaluation scope.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 3.6dB（A）~4.6dB（A）~6.5dB （A）, during nighttime is 7.1dB（A）~8.1dB（A）~10.0dB（A）.

129 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report ¾ Gaotai road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 38m, 46m and 68m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-time is 328m away from the road center line, in operational medium- and long-term all cannot meet class 1 standard within 400m evaluation scope.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 3.5dB（A）~4.5dB（A）~6.4dB （A）, during nighttime is 6.9dB（A）~7.9dB（A）~9.9dB（A）.

¾ Yonggu road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 37m, 45m and 66m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-, medium- and time long-term is 84m, 259m and 327m away from the road center line.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 3.0dB（A）~4.0dB（A）~5.9dB （A）, during nighttime is 1.8dB（A）~7.5dB（A）~9.4dB（A）.

¾ North Minle Road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 37m, 45m and 66m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short- and medium-time is 130m and 320m away from the road center line, in operational long-term all cannot meet class 1 standard within 400m evaluation scope.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 3.3dB（A）~4.3dB（A）~6.3dB （A）, during nighttime is 2.2dB（A）~7.8dB（A）~9.7dB（A）.

¾ Xuefu road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 21m, 24m and 49m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-, medium- and time long-term is 101m, 118m and 338m away from the road center line.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 2.2dB（A）~2.9dB（A）~5.1dB （A）, during nighttime is 1.0dB（A）~2.0dB（A）~8.5dB（A）.

¾ North Sunan Road

130 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 23m, 39m and 57m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-, medium- and time long-term is 83m, 265m and 360m away from the road center line.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 2.9dB（A）~3.9dB（A）~5.8dB （A）, during nighttime is 1.7dB（A）~7.4dB（A）~9.3dB（A）.

¾ North Xincheng Road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 21m, 23m and 43m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-, medium- and time long-term is 78m, 91m and 195m away from the road center line.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 1.1dB（A）~2.1dB（A）~4.0dB （A）, in operational medium-and long-term noise during night are both excessive, excessive values during nighttime is 0.9dB（A）~7.5dB（A）.

¾ South Xincheng Road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 22m, 24m and 50m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-, medium- and time long-term is 100m, 120m and 325m away from the road center line.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 2.3dB（A）~3.2dB（A）~5.2dB （A）, during nighttime is 1.1dB（A）~2.0dB（A）~8.6dB（A）.

¾ Liaoquan Road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 22m, 35m and 51m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-, medium- and time long-term is 105m, 253m and 352m away from the road center line.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 2.4dB（A）~3.3dB（A）~5.3dB （A）, during nighttime is 1.2dB（A）~6.8dB（A）~8.7dB（A）.

¾ West Minhai Road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 22m, 24m and 50m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-, medium- and time long-term is 101m,

131 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 121m and 310m away from the road center line.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 2.2dB（A）~3.2dB（A）~5.7dB （A）, during nighttime is 1.0dB（A）~2.0dB（A）~8.6dB（A）.

¾ East Minhai Road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 21m, 23m and 47m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-, medium- and time long-term is 96m, 116m and 310m away from the road center line.

50m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 1.9dB（A）~2.9dB（A）~4.9dB （A）, during nighttime is 0.8dB（A）~1.7dB（A）~8.3dB（A）.

¾ Bangqiao Road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 22 m, 25 m and 53 m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-, medium- and time long-term is 109 m, 132 m and 351 m away from the road center line.

50 m at road right of way: in operational short-, medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 2.6dB（A）~3.5dB（A）~5.5dB （A）, during nighttime is 1.4dB（A）~2.4dB（A）~8.9dB（A）.

¾ Yongkang Road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 15m, 17m and 21m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-, medium- and time long-term is 58m, 71m and 105m away from the road center line.

50m at road right of way: in operational medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 0.6dB（A）~2.5dB（A）, in operational long-term noise during night is excessive, excessive value during nighttime is 1.4dB（A）.

¾ Wulan Road

Standard distance: standard distance of 4a standards in operational short-, medium-and long-term are respectively 15m, 17m and 20m away from the road center line; standard distance of class 1 standard in operational short-, medium- and time long-term is 56m, 68m and 100m away from the road center line.

50m at road right of way: in operational medium-and long-term noise during day and night are both excessive, excessive values during daytime is 0.4dB（A）~2.3dB（A）, in operational

132 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report long-term noise during night is excessive, excessive value during nighttime is 1.1dB（A）.

From the above summing up we can see that regardless of the building block, within the evaluation scope, when the distance between both sides of roads right of way and the right of way is within 50m in operational short-, medium-and long-term, it is able to meet Class 4a standards of Acoustic Environmental Quality Standards (GB3095-2008); when the distance is more than 50 meters to both sides of the right of way, it is not up to the class 1 standard of Acoustic Environment Quality Standards (GB3095-2008). It can be seen that regional road network construction operation has significant impact on environmental quality.

(3) Sensitive point noise prediction during operation

According to "notice on Zhangye urban sound environment quality control division program issued by Ganzhou District Government Office" ((2010) No. 270,) and "reply on Gansu (Zhangye) urban infrastructure development and wetland protection project environment evaluation implementation standard" ("2011" 114th) by Zhangye environmental protection Bureau, general sensitive points within 50m on both sides of roads in road network in Binhe New Area implement the 4a class standard of Sound Environment Quality Standard (GB3095-2008), school, hospitals and other sensitive points perform class 2 standard.

On the basis of considering noise environment status, environment noise forecast value of sensitive points within evaluation range during road operation is formed through considering sound environment effect factors at sensitive points of sections traffic noise forecast value, after revised to superimpose with noise background. When revise traffic noise value, terrain at sensitive points, high difference of pavement, green vegetation and other factors should be considered, for a row of buildings near the roads, according to mode forecast may be directly gotten; And when there are obstructions between highway and forecast goals, it requires to consider environmental characteristics, barrier properties and other factors comprehensively, and make the appropriate prediction and evaluation. Environment noise prediction value of sensitive points along the line is shown in Table 5.3-5.

¾ Environmental sensitive points within 50 m of roads right of way

Recent (2012) years after completion of the project, noise of sensitive points, building facing the road within the evaluation scope during daytime and nighttime do not exceed the standard, be able to meet 4a standard requirements of Acoustic Environmental Quality Standards (GB3096-2008);

Middle (2017) years, the first row buildings facing the road of Jin’an community, Shuijinhuayuan community and Ninghe community within the forecasting years all occur exceeding phenomenon at night, over standard range is 0.3~0.9dB (A);

Future (2027) years, Minxiuhuayuan community, Jin’an community, Shuijinhuayuan community and Ninghe community within the forecasting years all occur exceeding phenomenon at night, over standard range is 0.8~3.0dB (A).

After superimposing background value of every sensitive point, in medium-and long-term of operational period there are slightly over standard (0.3~3dB).

133 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report ¾ Environmental sensitive points more than 50 m to roads right of way

From results of sections forecast: without considering the effect of sound level reduction of the buildings, daytime noise prediction value changes at 50m from the road right of way during operation is 54.4~61.5dB (A), the maximum over-limit value is 6.5dB (A), the change range of night-time forecast value is 43.2~54.9dB (A), the maximum over-limit value is 9.9dB (a). the sound level survey results of buildings along the roads show that sound insulation performance of the frontage building during daytime is between 10-15 DB, so when consider the noise of first row buildings is reduced, the road at 50m of right of way all can reach class 1 standard of Acoustic Environmental Quality Standards (GB3096-2008).

From above analysis we can see: because road network construction area (Binhe New District) is class Ⅰ of sound environment, with high acoustic environmental quality requirements, noise prediction results show that road network construction operation of Binhe New District have some influence on regional environmental quality and sensitive points, if measures are not taken, the regional environmental quality cannot be standard.

According to "notice on Zhangye urban sound environment quality control division program issued by Ganzhou District Government Office" ((2010) No. 270,) and "reply on Gansu (Zhangye) urban infrastructure development and wetland protection project environment evaluation implementation standard" ("2011" 114th, annex 2) by Zhangye environmental protection Bureau, northern suburb wetland and Binhe New District (except for Binhe New District square) are class 1 sound environment function area. But considering the main function of Binhe New District are commercial finance, market fairs in the future, so in accordance with relevant provisions of the environmental quality standards, it recommends to adjust Binhe New District acoustic environment functional zoning, and change its environmental function into class 2 to accommodate future development of Binhe New District.

134 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 5.3-4 Sections evaluation annual traffic noise prediction results during operation unit: Leq[dB (A)] Standard distance Prediction The distance from prediction point to road center (m) Prediction year (m) section 10 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 300 400 4a 1 standard 2012 daytime 70.55 65.6 60.76 58.75 57.35 56.26 55.36 54.6 53.93 53.33 52.78 52.44 50.76 12 130 nighttime 64.02 59.06 54.23 52.21 50.81 49.73 48.83 48.07 47.39 46.79 46.25 45.91 44.23 35 352

North third daytime 71.52 66.56 64.73 59.72 58.31 57.23 56.33 55.57 54.9 54.29 53.75 53.41 51.73 14 157 2017 ring road nighttime 64.98 60.03 55.19 53.18 51.78 50.69 49.8 49.03 48.36 47.76 47.21 46.87 45.2 42 / daytime 73.45 68.5 63.66 61.65 60.25 59.16 58.26 57.5 56.83 56.23 55.68 55.34 53.66 17 228 2027 nighttime 66.92 61.97 57.13 55.12 53.72 52.63 51.74 50.97 50.3 49.7 49.15 48.81 47.14 62 / daytime 69.99 65.15 61.01 59.00 57.61 56.53 55.65 54.89 54.23 53.64 53.11 52.08 50.46 10 137 2012 nighttime 63.46 58.62 54.48 52.47 51.08 50.00 49.12 48.36 47.70 47.11 46.58 45.55 43.93 37 331

North daytime 70.96 66.12 61.98 59.97 58.58 57.50 56.62 55.86 55.20 54.61 54.08 53.05 51.43 13 167 2017 Linze road nighttime 64.43 59.58 55.44 53.44 52.05 50.97 50.09 49.33 48.67 48.08 47.55 46.51 44.90 44 393 daytime 72.89 68.05 63.91 61.90 60.51 59.43 58.55 57.80 57.13 56.54 56.01 54.98 53.36 17 299 2027 nighttime 66.36 61.51 57.37 55.37 53.98 52.90 52.02 51.26 50.60 50.01 49.48 48.44 46.83 65 / daytime 70.05 65.20 61.06 59.05 57.66 56.58 55.70 54.94 54.28 53.69 53.15 52.11 50.49 11 139 2012 nighttime 63.52 58.67 54.53 52.52 51.13 50.05 49.17 48.41 47.75 47.16 46.62 45.58 43.95 37 334 daytime 71.02 66.17 62.03 60.02 58.63 57.55 56.67 55.91 55.25 54.66 54.12 53.08 51.46 14 169 Huota road 2017 nighttime 64.49 59.64 55.50 53.49 52.10 51.02 50.13 49.38 48.71 48.12 47.59 46.55 44.92 45 395 daytime 72.95 68.1 63.96 61.95 60.56 59.48 58.6 57.84 57.18 56.59 56.05 55.01 53.39 17 301 2027 nighttime 66.42 61.57 57.43 55.42 54.03 52.95 52.07 51.31 50.65 50.06 49.52 48.48 46.85 66 / daytime 70.26 65.32 61.21 59.23 57.85 56.79 55.93 55.19 54.55 53.97 53.46 52.57 51.04 11 146 2012 North nighttime 63.73 58.79 54.68 52.69 51.32 50.26 49.39 48.66 48.01 47.44 46.92 46.03 44.51 38 365 second ring road daytime 71.23 66.29 62.18 60.19 58.82 57.76 56.9 56.16 55.52 54.94 54.43 53.54 52.01 14 178 2017 nighttime 64.69 59.75 55.65 53.66 52.29 51.23 50.36 49.62 48.98 48.41 47.89 47 45.48 46 /

135 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Standard distance Prediction The distance from prediction point to road center (m) Prediction year (m) section 10 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 300 400 4a 1 standard daytime 73.16 68.22 64.11 62.12 60.75 59.69 58.83 58.09 57.45 56.87 56.36 55.47 53.94 17 328 2027 nighttime 66.63 61.69 57.58 55.6 54.22 53.16 52.3 51.56 50.92 50.34 49.83 48.94 47.41 68 /

136 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Continued table 5.3-4 Sections evaluation annual traffic noise prediction results during operation unit: Leq[dB (A)] Prediction The distance from prediction point to road center（m） Standard distance（m） Prediction year section 10 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 300 400 4a 1 standard

2012 daytime 70.4 65.45 61.32 59.31 57.92 56.84 55.95 55.19 54.53 53.93 53.4 52.39 50.75 12 146 nighttime 63.87 58.92 54.79 52.78 51.39 50.31 49.42 48.66 47.99 47.4 46.86 45.86 44.22 39 350

Zhaowu daytime 71.37 66.42 62.29 60.28 58.89 57.81 56.92 56.16 55.5 54.9 54.36 53.36 51.72 14 177 2017 road nighttime 64.83 59.88 55.76 53.75 52.35 51.27 50.38 49.63 48.96 48.37 47.83 46.82 45.18 47 / daytime 73.3 68.35 64.22 62.21 60.82 59.74 58.85 58.09 57.43 56.83 56.3 55.29 53.65 17 316 2027 nighttime 66.77 61.82 57.69 55.68 54.29 53.21 52.32 51.56 50.9 50.3 49.76 48.76 47.12 69 / daytime 70.12 65.16 61.01 58.98 57.56 56.45 55.54 54.76 54.06 53.44 52.88 51.74 49.97 11 134 2012 nighttime 63.59 58.63 54.48 52.45 51.03 49.92 49.01 48.23 47.53 46.91 46.35 45.21 43.44 37 311 daytime 71.09 66.13 61.98 59.95 58.53 57.43 56.51 55.73 55.04 54.42 53.85 52.71 50.94 14 161 Juyan road 2017 nighttime 64.56 59.6 55.45 53.41 51.99 50.89 49.98 49.19 48.5 47.88 47.32 46.18 44.4 44 364 daytime 73.02 68.06 63.91 61.88 60.46 59.36 58.44 57.66 56.97 56.35 55.78 54.64 52.87 17 283 2027 nighttime 66.49 61.53 57.38 55.35 53.93 52.82 51.91 51.13 50.44 49.81 49.25 48.11 46.34 69 / daytime 70.27 65.28 61.09 59.02 57.55 56.4 55.44 54.61 53.87 53.21 52.59 51.22 49.24 11 131 2012 nighttime 63.73 58.75 54.56 52.48 51.02 49.87 48.91 48.08 47.34 46.67 46.06 44.69 42.7 31 286 daytime 71.23 66.25 62.06 59.98 58.52 57.37 56.41 55.58 54.84 54.17 53.56 52.19 50.2 14 156 Yihua road 2017 nighttime 64.7 59.72 55.52 53.45 51.99 50.84 49.88 49.04 48.31 47.64 47.03 45.66 43.67 45 331 daytime 73.17 68.18 63.99 61.91 60.45 59.3 58.34 57.51 56.77 56.11 55.49 54.12 52.14 17 262 2027 nighttime 66.63 61.65 57.46 55.38 53.92 52.77 51.81 50.98 50.24 49.57 48.96 47.59 45.6 65 / daytime 70.65 65.7 61.58 59.57 58.18 57.1 56.22 55.46 54.8 54.21 53.68 52.69 51.07 12 154 2012 nighttime 64.12 59.17 55.04 53.04 51.65 50.57 49.69 48.93 48.27 47.68 47.14 46.16 44.54 41 369

South third daytime 71.62 66.67 62.55 60.54 59.15 58.07 57.19 56.43 55.77 55.18 54.65 53.66 52.04 14 187 2017 ring road nighttime 65.08 60.13 56.01 54.01 52.61 51.54 50.65 49.9 49.24 48.65 48.11 47.12 45.5 49 / daytime 73.55 68.6 64.48 62.47 61.08 60.01 59.12 58.37 57.7 57.11 56.58 55.59 53.97 18 334 2027 nighttime 67.02 62.07 57.94 55.94 54.55 53.47 52.59 51.83 51.17 50.58 50.04 49.06 47.44 73 /

137 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Continued table 5.3-4 Sections evaluation annual traffic noise prediction results during operation unit: Leq[dB (A)] Prediction The distance from prediction point to road center（m） Standard distance（m） Prediction year section 10 4a 4a 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 300 400 4a 1 standard

2012 daytime 70.74 64.96 61.23 59.23 57.83 56.73 55.82 55.04 54.35 54.89 54.33 52.05 50.3 12 141 nighttime 64.2 58.42 54.7 52.7 51.29 50.19 49.29 48.51 47.82 48.35 47.79 45.52 43.77 38 328

North daytime 71.7 65.92 62.2 60.2 58.79 57.7 56.79 56.01 55.32 55.85 55.29 53.02 51.27 13 170 2017 Gaotai road nighttime 65.17 59.39 55.66 53.66 52.26 51.16 50.25 49.47 48.79 49.32 48.76 46.49 44.73 46 / daytime 73.64 67.86 64.13 62.13 60.73 59.63 58.72 57.94 57.25 57.79 57.23 54.95 53.2 16 298 2027 nighttime 67.1 61.32 57.6 55.6 54.19 53.09 52.19 51.41 50.72 51.25 50.69 48.42 46.67 68 / daytime 68.37 64.65 60.52 58.41 56.94 55.79 54.83 54.15 53.41 52.74 52.13 49.61 47.62 0 117 2012 nighttime 61 56.29 50.41 47.39 45.28 43.64 42.28 41.26 40.23 39.3 38.46 35.06 32.45 23 84 East daytime 69.34 65.62 61.49 59.39 57.91 56.76 55.8 55.12 54.38 53.71 53.1 50.58 48.6 0 143 Yonggu 2017 road nighttime 62.81 59.09 54.96 52.86 51.39 50.23 49.27 48.59 47.85 47.18 46.57 44.05 42.07 40 259 daytime 71.27 67.55 63.42 61.32 59.84 58.69 57.73 57.05 56.31 55.64 55.03 52.51 50.53 15 201 2027 nighttime 64.73 61.01 56.89 54.78 53.31 52.16 51.2 50.51 49.78 49.11 48.5 45.98 43.99 58 327 daytime 68.5 64.82 60.76 58.73 57.34 56.26 55.38 54.78 54.13 53.54 53.01 50.9 49.32 0 130 2012 nighttime 61.14 56.47 50.66 47.72 45.68 44.12 42.84 41.9 40.95 40.11 39.35 36.36 34.15 24 89

North Minle daytime 69.47 65.79 61.73 59.7 58.31 57.23 56.35 55.75 55.1 54.51 53.98 51.87 50.29 0 163 2017 road nighttime 62.94 59.26 55.2 53.18 51.78 50.71 49.83 49.23 48.57 47.98 47.45 45.35 43.76 42 320 daytime 71.4 67.72 63.66 61.63 60.24 59.16 58.28 57.68 57.03 56.44 55.91 53.8 52.22 16 239 2027 nighttime 64.87 61.18 57.13 55.1 53.71 52.63 51.75 51.15 50.49 49.91 49.38 47.27 45.69 64 / daytime 67.42 63.72 59.63 57.57 56.15 55.04 54.13 53.49 52.8 52.18 51.62 49.34 47.57 0 101 2012 nighttime 60.06 55.37 49.54 46.56 44.5 42.9 41.58 40.61 39.63 38.75 37.96 34.8 32.41 21 75 daytime 68.18 64.48 60.4 58.34 56.91 55.8 54.89 54.26 53.57 52.95 52.38 50.1 48.34 0 118 Xuefu road 2017 nighttime 61.02 56.34 50.5 47.52 45.46 43.86 42.55 41.58 40.6 39.72 38.93 35.76 33.37 24 86 daytime 70.32 66.62 62.53 60.48 59.05 57.94 57.03 56.39 55.7 55.08 54.52 52.24 50.47 11 183 2027 nighttime 63.78 60.08 56 53.94 52.51 51.41 50.49 49.86 49.17 48.55 47.98 45.7 43.94 49 338

138 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Continued table 5.3-4 Sections evaluation annual traffic noise prediction results during operation unit: Leq[dB (A)] Standard The distance from prediction point to road center（m） Prediction distance(m) Prediction year section 1stan 10 4a 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 300 400 4a 1standard dard 2012 daytime 68.24 64.52 60.42 58.34 56.89 55.76 54.82 54.16 53.44 52.8 52.21 49.81 47.93 0 116 nighttime 60.87 56.17 50.32 47.32 45.23 43.61 42.27 41.27 40.27 39.37 38.55 35.26 32.76 23 83 North daytime 69.2 65.49 61.39 59.3 57.86 56.72 55.79 55.13 54.41 53.77 53.18 50.78 48.89 0 144 2017 Sunani road nighttime 62.67 58.96 54.85 52.77 51.32 50.19 49.25 48.59 47.88 47.23 46.65 44.24 42.36 39 265 daytime 71.14 67.42 63.32 61.24 59.79 58.66 57.72 57.06 56.34 55.7 55.11 52.71 50.83 15 204 2027 nighttime 64.6 60.89 56.79 54.7 53.25 52.12 51.19 50.53 49.81 49.17 48.58 46.18 44.29 57 360 daytime 67.33 63.46 59.03 56.62 54.83 53.37 52.12 51.16 50.16 49.26 48.43 45.06 42.52 0 78 2012 nighttime 59.96 55.11 48.93 45.59 43.17 41.22 39.56 38.27 36.98 35.82 34.76 30.51 27.34 21 65 North daytime 68.3 64.43 60 57.59 55.8 54.34 53.09 52.13 51.13 50.23 49.4 46.03 43.49 0 91 Xincheng 2017 road nighttime 60.94 56.09 49.9 46.57 44.14 42.19 40.54 39.25 37.96 36.8 35.74 31.48 28.32 23 73 daytime 70.23 66.36 61.93 59.52 57.73 56.27 55.02 54.06 53.06 52.16 51.33 47.96 45.42 11 121 2027 nighttime 63.7 59.83 55.4 52.98 51.2 49.74 48.48 47.53 46.53 45.63 44.79 41.42 38.88 43 195 daytime 67.69 63.95 59.8 57.67 56.17 54.98 53.99 53.28 52.51 51.81 51.17 48.52 46.42 0 100 2012 nighttime 60.33 55.61 49.71 46.66 44.52 42.84 41.45 40.4 39.34 38.39 37.52 33.98 31.26 22 75 South daytime 68.66 64.92 60.77 58.63 57.13 55.95 54.96 54.25 53.48 52.78 52.14 49.48 47.39 0 120 Xincheng 2017 road nighttime 61.3 56.58 50.67 47.62 45.48 43.81 42.42 41.37 40.31 39.36 38.48 34.95 32.22 24 86 daytime 70.59 66.85 62.7 60.57 59.07 57.88 56.89 56.18 55.41 54.71 54.07 51.42 49.32 12 172 2027 nighttime 64.05 60.32 56.16 54.03 52.53 51.35 50.36 49.64 48.88 48.18 47.54 44.88 42.78 50 295 daytime 67.6 63.9 59.82 57.77 56.34 55.24 54.33 53.7 53.01 52.4 51.84 49.58 47.83 0 105 2012 nighttime 60.25 55.56 49.73 46.76 44.7 43.1 41.79 40.82 39.85 38.98 38.19 35.04 32.67 22 77 Liaoquan daytime 68.57 64.87 60.79 58.74 57.31 56.21 55.3 54.67 53.98 53.37 52.81 50.55 48.8 0 128 2017 road nighttime 62.03 58.34 54.25 52.2 50.78 49.67 48.76 48.13 47.45 46.83 46.27 44.01 42.27 35 253 daytime 70.5 66.81 62.72 60.67 59.25 58.14 57.23 56.6 55.92 55.3 54.74 52.48 50.74 12 191 2027 nighttime 63.97 60.27 56.19 54.13 52.71 51.61 50.7 50.07 49.38 48.77 48.21 45.95 44.2 51 352

139 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Continued table 5.3-4 Sections evaluation annual traffic noise prediction results during operation unit: Leq[dB (A)] The distance from prediction point to road center（m） Standard distance（m） Prediction Prediction year 1stan section 10 4a 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 300 400 4a 1 standard dard

2012 daytime 67.59 63.87 59.74 57.64 56.17 55.01 54.05 53.37 52.63 51.97 51.35 48.84 46.86 0 101 nighttime 60.23 55.52 49.64 46.62 44.51 42.86 41.5 40.49 39.46 38.53 37.69 34.3 31.69 22 75 West daytime 68.56 64.84 60.71 58.61 57.14 55.98 55.02 54.34 53.6 52.94 52.32 49.81 47.83 0 121 Minghai 2017 road nighttime 61.2 56.49 50.61 47.59 45.48 43.84 42.48 41.46 40.43 39.51 38.67 35.27 32.66 24 86 daytime 70.49 66.77 62.64 60.54 59.07 57.91 56.95 56.27 55.53 54.87 54.26 51.74 49.76 12 176 2027 nighttime 63.95 60.23 56.1 54 52.53 51.38 50.42 49.73 49 48.33 47.72 45.2 43.22 50 310 daytime 67.25 63.53 59.43 57.35 55.9 54.77 53.83 53.17 52.46 51.81 51.23 48.82 46.94 0 96 2012 nighttime 59.89 55.19 49.34 46.33 44.25 42.63 41.29 40.29 39.29 38.39 37.57 34.29 31.78 21 73 East daytime 68.22 64.51 60.4 58.32 56.87 55.74 54.8 54.14 53.43 52.79 52.2 49.8 47.91 0 116 Minghai 2017 road nighttime 60.85 56.15 50.3 47.3 45.21 43.59 42.25 41.25 40.25 39.35 38.53 35.25 32.74 23 83 daytime 70.15 66.44 62.33 60.25 58.8 57.67 56.73 56.07 55.36 54.72 54.13 51.73 49.84 11 171 2027 nighttime 63.62 59.91 55.8 53.72 52.27 51.14 50.2 49.54 48.83 48.19 47.6 45.19 43.31 47 310 daytime 67.83 64.13 60.04 57.97 56.54 55.43 54.51 53.87 53.17 52.54 51.97 49.66 47.86 0 109 2012 nighttime 60.47 55.78 49.94 46.95 44.88 43.28 41.96 40.98 39.99 39.11 38.31 35.11 32.69 22 79

Bangqiao daytime 68.8 65.1 61.01 58.94 57.51 56.39 55.47 54.83 54.14 53.51 52.94 50.63 48.83 0 132 2017 road nighttime 61.44 56.76 50.91 47.93 45.86 44.25 42.93 41.96 40.97 40.09 39.29 36.09 33.67 25 91 daytime 70.73 67.03 62.94 60.87 59.44 58.33 57.41 56.77 56.07 55.44 54.87 52.56 50.76 13 196 2027 nighttime 64.2 60.5 56.41 54.34 52.91 51.79 50.87 50.23 49.54 48.91 48.34 46.03 44.23 53 351 daytime 65.34 60.7 56.86 54.84 53.42 52.32 51.4 50.97 50.27 49.65 49.09 46.79 45.02 0 58 2012 nighttime 58.18 52.19 46.72 43.79 41.75 40.15 38.84 38.07 37.09 36.21 35.42 32.24 29.84 15 51 Yongkang daytime 66.31 61.67 57.83 55.81 54.39 53.28 52.37 51.94 51.24 50.62 50.06 47.76 45.98 0 71 road 2017 nighttime 59.17 53.18 47.71 44.78 42.74 41.14 39.83 39.06 38.08 37.2 36.41 33.23 30.83 17 59 2027 daytime 68.24 63.6 59.76 57.73 56.32 55.21 54.3 53.86 53.17 52.55 51.99 49.69 47.91 0 105

140 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report nighttime 61.1 55.11 49.64 46.71 44.66 43.07 41.76 40.99 40 39.13 38.33 35.16 32.75 21 77

Continued table 5.3-4 Sections evaluation annual traffic noise prediction results during operation unit: Leq[dB (A)] Standard distance The distance from prediction point to road center（m） （m） Prediction Prediction year section 1 10 4a stand 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 300 400 4a 1 standard ard daytime 65.13 60.49 56.65 54.62 53.21 52.1 51.19 50.75 50.06 49.44 48.87 46.58 44.8 0 56 2012 nighttime 57.96 51.97 46.5 43.58 41.53 39.93 38.62 37.85 36.87 35.99 35.2 32.02 29.62 15 50

Wulan daytime 66.1 61.46 57.61 55.59 54.17 53.07 52.16 51.72 51.03 50.41 49.84 47.55 45.77 0 68 2017 road nighttime 58.95 52.96 47.49 44.56 42.51 40.92 39.61 38.84 37.85 36.98 36.18 33.01 30.6 17 57 daytime 68.03 63.39 59.55 57.52 56.11 55 54.09 53.65 52.96 52.34 51.77 49.48 47.7 0 100 2027 nighttime 60.87 54.88 49.41 46.49 44.44 42.84 41.53 40.76 39.78 38.9 38.11 34.93 32.53 20 74

141 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 5.3-5 noise prediction values and super scale of environment sensitive point within 50m to road right of way during operation unit： Leq[dB(A)] In short term(2012) In medium term (2017) In long term (2027) Distan Distance Super Super Super ce to applie Statu Over Over Over Sectio to road predicti contri posed contri posed contri posed brief analysis of ＃ Name road d s quo standa standa standa n middle on time bution backgr bution backgr bution backgr prediction results right of code value rd rd rd line value ound value ound value ound way value value value value value value Minxiu 52.5 daytime 59.9 60.6 / 60.9 61.5 / 62.8 63.2 / Short and mid-term all North garden 50m west standard, in long term 3 Linze 22.5m 4a sub of road over standard during road 40.5 nighttime 53.4 53.6 / 54.3 54.5 / 56.3 56.4 1.4 district night North 52.9 daytime 61.2 61.8 / 62.2 62.7 / 64.1 64.4 / In short term all Jin’an 40m second standard, in mid- and 4 sub north of 17.5m 4a ring long term over district road 41.2 nighttime 54.7 54.9 / 55.7 55.8 0.8 57.6 57.7 2.7 road standard during night North 43.2 daytime 59.4 59.5 / 60.4 60.5 / 62.3 62.4 / 55m east Linze 31m 4 of road road 41.2 nighttime 52.9 53.2 / 53.9 54.1 / 55.8 55.9 0.9 49m 43.5 daytime 61.4 61.5 / 62.4 62.5 / 64.3 64.4 / Yongg Shuijing north of 34m 4a In short term all u road 41.4 nighttime 51.6 52.0 / 55.8 55.9 0.9 57.8 58.0 3.0 huayua road standard, in mid- and 5 n sub 65m 42.8 daytime 58.7 58.8 / 59.6 59.7 / 61.6 61.7 / long term over Huota district south of 41m 4a standard during night road road 40.9 nighttime 52.1 52.4 / 53.1 53.4 / 54.8 54.9 / North 42.7 daytime 59.3 59.4 / 60.3 60.4 / 62.2 62.4 / 53m west Minle 38m 4a of road road 40.8 nighttime 48.6 49.2 / 53.8 54.0 / 55.7 55.8 0.8 68m 43.1 daytime 58.5 58.6 / 59.4 59.5 / 61.4 61.5 / Huota all standard during south of 42m 4a road operation road 41.3 nighttime 51.9 52.3 / 52.9 53.2 / 54.8 54.9 / Ninghey 6 42.9 daytime 60.6 60.7 / 61.6 61.7 / 63.5 63.6 / In short term all uan North 41m west standard, in mid- and Minle 26m 4a of road 41.0 long term over road nighttime 50.5 51.0 / 55.1 55.3 0.3 57.0 57.1 2.1 standard during night

142 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 5.3.3.2 Water supply plant acoustic environmental impact analysis

(1) Forecast model

In accordance with the technical requirements of Environmental Impact Assessment Technique Guidelines -Acoustic Environment (HJ2.4-2009) and this evaluation use recommended mode in the guide.

1) Calculation of the sound level

Calculation formula of equivalent sound level contribution value (Leqg) of project construction sound sources at forecast points:

0. 1Leqg 0. 1Leqb L10lgeq = （10 +10 ）

In the formula:

Leqg- equivalent sound level contribution value (Leqg) of project construction sound sources at forecast points, dB (a);

LAi- A sound level of sound sources at the forecast point, dB (a);

T- time of prediction calculation, s; ti-i run time of sound source within t-time, s.

2) Calculation formula of prediction equivalent sound level (Leq) at forecast point:

1 （）0.1LAi L10lgt10eqg = ∑ i T i

In the formula:

Leqg-construction project contribution equivalent sound level of sound sources in the projection of point values, dB (A);

Leqb- Background value of forecast point, dB (a)

3) Attenuation calculation of outdoor sound propagation

Attenuation of outdoor sound propagation includes geometric divergence (Adiv), atmospheric absorption (Aatm), ground effect (Agr), the barrier shield (Abar) and other various effects (Amisc).

Sound level at point r calculated according to the following:

Lrp ()=−++++ Lrp (0 ) ( Adiv A atm A bar A gr A misc )

Considering amendments caused by reflection, attenuation caused by barrier, double diffraction, indoor sound source and outdoor sound source effect and calculation method in the forecast.

143 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report (2) Forecast point

Choose 4 boundary noise monitoring sites in noise status monitoring as point of this factory boundary noise prediction.

(3) Main noise sources and source intensity

After the completion of the proposed project, noise sources of various production workshops mainly come from the pressurizing pump, chlorine machine and other machine of every process section. Noise source intensity of various production units are shown in table 5.3-6.

Table 5.3-6 the list of main noise sources and source intensity of the project

Noise level after treatment Name of noise ＃ Measures to reduce noise of noise reduction sources measure（dBA） pressurizing pump 1 74.4 room Factory noise proof, foundation shock absorption 2 Chlorine room 65.0

(4) Prediction steps of noise environmental impact

1) Set up a coordinate system, determine coordinates of sound source and forecast point, to simplify sound source to point sound source, or line sound source, or area sound source depending on the nature of sound source as well as the distance between the forecast point and the sound source and so on.

2) Based on the data about source strength of sound source sound and acoustic wave propagation conditions between sound source to the prediction point, to calculate the acoustic attenuation of noise from the sound source to forecast point, and then calculate A sound level (LAi) or equivalent noise level (LEPN) when sound source plays function separately.

According to forecasts, noise isopleth map shown in Figure 5.3-6.

144 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

Figure 5.3-6 Factory noise sound level isogonic charts

(5) Prediction results

The effect forecast results of noise sources on measuring points are shown in table 5.3-7. Can be seen from table 5.3-7, noise prediction values within the proposed project boundary during daytime and nighttime are all achieved the standard, noise source takes shock absorption, silencers, noise proof and other measures, contributions values to noise within boundary are 11.6~33.1dB (A), after the overlay of background values, are both in line with the class 1 standard requirements of Acoustic Environmental Quality Standards (GB3096-2008). After running of proposed projects, it will not have significant adverse effects on surrounding sensitive points.

Table 5.3-7 Impact prediction results of noise sources on predicted point Background Contribu Superimpose serial value（dBA） tion d value（dBA） number predicted point Standard value of points dayti nightti daytim nightt me me （dBA） e ime 1m outside of factory 1 11.6 43.5 41.0 boundary east wall Class 1 standard 1m outside of factory requirement of 2 21.1 43.6 41.2 boundary south wall Acoustic 43.5 41.0 Environmental Quality 1m outside of factory 3 18.1 43.6 41.1 Standards boundary north wall (GB3096-2008). 1m outside of factory 4 33.1 43.9 41.7 boundary west wall

To sum up, after the operation of water supply plant, when the corresponding noise reduction measures are applied, contribution values of devices on the factory sector and around are smaller, will not have a significant adverse effect on the surrounding environment.

145 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 5.3.4 Water environment impact analysis and assessment during operation

For the purpose of wetland protection, rain and sewage shunting should be taken in Binhe New District. To lay main conduit along the North second ring- West second ring- North third ring road, to lay main sewer along the North-to-South road, to lay branch sewer along the East-to -West road, to discharge sewage into wastewater treatment plant pipe (DN1200)of Kunlun Avenue. Eventually flows into the Zhangye urban wastewater treatment plant. So the construction and operations of project can change the discharge present situation of rainwater and sewage confluence, to increase the sewage interception rate along the line, reduce pollution, and improve regional surface water and groundwater environment.

5.3.5 Environmental air impact analysis and assessment during operation

The effect of infrastructure construction project on air quality during operation is mainly the automobile exhaust emissions on atmospheric environmental impact. Major pollutants in vehicle exhaust are carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, smoke, hydrocarbons and so on. Carbon monoxide and hemoglobin in red blood cells of human body have a strong affinity, generate carbonyl hemoglobin after combination, then weakening function of the blood transport oxygen to body, which can cause the body's internal oxygen-poor.

5.3.5.1 Meteorological data analysis

The proposed site is 3.5km away from Zhangye Weather Bureau, so conventional meteorological data of Weather Bureau can reflect the basic climate characteristics of the proposed project area. This EIA uses 2009 surface meteorological observational data of Zhangye Weather Bureau, radiosonde data uses local 2009 data got after MM5 model treatment.

(1) The contamination factor

Regular meteorological observations data of Zhangye weather bureau in recent years are used to do statistical analysis on the pollution meteorological characteristics within the assessment area, pollution coefficient in winter, summer and all the year round is shown in table 5.3-15, winter and summer pollution factor rose see in Figure 5.3-12.

Table 5.3-15 Pollution coefficient statistical results year-round winter summer wind direction Pollution coefficient Pollution coefficient Pollution coefficient N 0.92 1.01 0.81 NNE 1.02 1.00 1.18 NE 0.89 0.97 0.62 ENE 0.89 0.88 0.56 E 0.83 0.95 0.53 ESE 0.85 0.84 0.78 SE 1.26 1.29 1.07

146 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report year-round winter summer wind direction Pollution coefficient Pollution coefficient Pollution coefficient SSE 2.30 1.88 2.23 S 2.19 2.10 1.42 SSW 1.21 1.17 0.92 SW 1.17 1.64 0.96 WSW 0.97 1.01 0.83 W 1.29 1.51 0.82 WNW 1.26 1.31 1.04 NW 1.55 2.07 1.45 NNW 1.08 1.29 0.91 C / / /

（a）winter （b）summer

5.3-12 Pollution coefficients rose map in winter and summer

From the tables 5.3-15 and 5.3-12 we can see, pollution coefficient is maximum at SSE-S position for the year, annual average is 2.30 and 2.19 respectively, 2.26 and 2.42 respectively during the winter, 2.92 and 2.68 during summer respectively.

(2) The stability of the atmosphere

Diffusion of atmospheric pollutants are closely related with the stability conditions, according to the Pasquill-Turner stability classification method to classify, to determine sun radiation levels through cloudiness and solar altitude angle, and then to divide stability levels through solar radiation and surface wind speed division into six categories, namely class A、B、C、 D、E、F, frequency statistics results of the stability are shown in Table 5.3-16.

147 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 5.3-16 Atmospheric stability frequency table unit: % stability A B C D E F season spring 1.45 12.21 11.34 34.02 26.74 14.24 summer 11.02 12.90 13.44 33.61 19.89 9.14 autumn 5.38 12.90 5.38 16.67 28.76 30.91 winter - 8.06 9.41 10.48 24.73 47.32 Year-round 4.52 11.51 9.86 23.49 25.00 25.92

From the table we can see, in annual average atmospheric stability of assessment area, the stability at class F is the highest, accounting for 25.62%, followed by class B, frequency is 25.00%, class D is accounting for 23.49%, unstable class (A+B+C) is accounting for 25.89%. From the distribution of stability, unstable class is: summer > spring > autumn > winter, and stable class is: winter > autumn > spring > summer.

5.3.5.2 Environmental air impact prediction and evaluation

(1) Forecast point coordinates

Table 5.3-18 List of forecast point coordinates (unit: m) Serial number of Name of points Azimuth X Y Z point 1 Binhe little town NNW 1106 2130 3424 2 Zhangye Hotel NW 654 2313 2367 Minxiuhuayuan 3 W 361 1665 3088 Community 4 Jin’an Community WNW 129 1421 3157 5 Ninghe Community S 666 -424 3840 Shuijinghuayuan 6 SSW 251 -876 3592 Community

(2) Forecast plan

According to air pollutant emission characteristics of the project and ambient air pollution characteristics, in accordance with the regulatory requirements to select NO2, CO as prediction evaluation factors predict hour average, daily average and annual average concentrations of environmentally sensitive points (Binhe Community, Zhangye hotel, Minxiuhuayuan Community, Jin’an Community, Ninghe Community, Shuijinghuayuan Community) within prediction evaluation scope, regional forecast grid takes 100mx100m.

(3) Forecasting model and relevant parameters

This project uses AERMOD recommended from HJ2.2-2008 mode list for prediction calculation, this project principle is based on line-source to simulate highway source. This prediction calculation is based on multiple-source to simulate project pollutant sources, AERMOD requiring surface parameters (surface albedo, daytime Bowen ratio and surface roughness) is different throughout the year, depending on the parameters recommended by

148 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report characteristics reference model and measured data to set, set near-surface parameters of the project are shown in table 5.3-19, and surface types considered on the basis of urban types.

Table 5.3-19 AERMOD selection of near-surface parameters Season surface albedo Daytime Bowen ratio Surface roughness winter 0.35 1.5 0.4 spring 0.14 1.0 0.4 summary 0.16 2.0 0.4 autumn 0.18 2.0 0.4

(4) Projected results and analysis

Use AERMOD recommended mode to calculate respectively impact values of NO2, CO on ambient air sensitive points within evaluation scope and the region's largest concentration, and overlay status quo values of monitor background concentrations to analysis. Due to the forecast plan uses meteorological data and information in 2009 years to simulate and calculate air pollutants of forecast year (2032), so hour maximum and average daily maximum concentration levels at different times of 2032.

a) Item contribution concentration forecast result analysis a. HR Max concentration forecast result analysis and evaluation

Isoline map of NO2 and CO at hour concentration maximum value is shown in Figure 5.3-13, from prediction results we can see, NO2 and CO maximum concentration values are 0.175mg/m3 and 4.789mg/ m3 respectively; are 75.55% and 47.89% of standard respectively. b. Average daily maximum concentration forecast result analysis and evaluation

Isoline map of NO2 and CO at average daily concentration maximum value is shown in 3 Figure 5.3-13, NO2 and CO maximum average daily concentration values are 0.026mg/m and 0.424mg/ m3 respectively; and are 21.69% and 10.62% of standard respectively. Isoline map of NO2, CO at average daily concentration maximum value is shown in Figure 5.3-14. c. Average annual maximum concentration forecast result analysis and evaluation

Isopleth map of NO2, CO at annual average concentration maximum value is shown in Figure 5.3-15. From the annual average maximum concentration, the maximum annual 3 average concentration of NO2 within the area is 0.010mg/m , and is 12.74% of standard.

b) Sensitive points atmospheric environmental impact analysis

Hourly average value, daily average value and yearly average value statistics results of NO2 and CO at all sensitive points are shown in 5.3-20 and 5.3-21 respectively.

¾ Analysis and evaluation of HR Max concentration prediction results and background concentration after superposition

149 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

NO2-hour forecast concentration value and background concentrations after superposition is the maximum in Shuijinghuayuan Community, the maximum value is 0.16440mg/m3, and is 68.49% of standard.

¾ Analysis and evaluation of daily average maximum concentration prediction results and background concentration after superposition

NO2-daily average forecast concentration value and background concentrations after superposition is the maximum in Jin’an Community, the maximum value is 0.02507mg/m3, and is 20.89% of standard.

¾ Analysis and evaluation of yearly average maximum concentration prediction results and background concentration after superposition

NO2-yearly average forecast concentration value and background concentrations after superposition is the maximum in Shuijinghuayuan Community, the maximum value is 0.01526mg/m3, and is 19.07% of standard.

Table5.3-20 CO concentration statistics table at sensitive points concentration unit: mg/m3 Prediction Concentration Predicted Accounting Over standard Limit points types concentration rate % or not

Binhe little hour 0.96615 3.35 10.00 standard town daily average 0.07232 1.81 4.00 standard hour 0.65394 2.27 10.00 standard Zhangye Hotel daily average 0.05131 1.28 4.00 standard

Minxiuhuayuan hour 1.10954 3.85 10.00 standard Community daily average 0.09325 2.33 4.00 standard

Jin’an hour 1.70404 5.92 10.00 standard Community daily average 0.14777 3.69 4.00 standard

Ninghe hour 0.16499 0.57 10.00 standard Community daily average 0.00448 0.11 4.00 standard

Shuijinghuayua hour 2.37949 8.26 10.00 standard n Community daily average 0.18028 4.51 4.00 standard Regional hour 4.78903 16.64 10.00 standard maximum concentration daily average 0.42474 10.62 4.00 standard point

Table 5.3-21 NO2 concentration statistics table at sensitive points concentration unit: mg/m3 Over Prediction Concentration Predicted Accountin Prediction Limit standard or points types concentration g rate % points not hour 0.020 0.07934 33.06 0.24 standard Binhe little daily average 0.015 0.01944 16.20 0.12 standard town yearly average 0.010 0.01137 14.21 0.08 standard

150 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Over Prediction Concentration Predicted Accountin Prediction Limit standard or points types concentration g rate % points not hour 0.022 0.06219 25.91 0.24 standard Zhangye daily average 0.017 0.02015 16.79 0.12 standard Hotel yearly average 0.011 0.01198 14.97 0.08 standard hour 0.021 0.08921 37.17 0.24 standard Minxiuhuayua daily average 0.014 0.01973 16.44 0.12 standard n Community yearly average 0.012 0.01388 17.34 0.08 standard hour 0.019 0.12378 51.57 0.24 standard Jin’an daily average 0.016 0.02507 20.89 0.12 standard Community yearly average 0.011 0.01415 17.69 0.08 standard hour 0.021 0.03114 12.97 0.24 standard Ninghe daily average 0.015 0.01528 12.73 0.12 standard Community yearly average 0.010 0.01099 12.62 0.08 standard hour 0.018 0.16440 68.49 0.24 standard Shuijinghuay uan daily average 0.013 0.02408 20.07 0.12 standard Community yearly average 0.012 0.01526 19.07 0.08 standard Regional hour 0.018 0.20334 83.33 0.24 standard maximum daily average 0.016 0.040203 35.02 0.12 standard concentration point yearly average 0.012 0.02235 27.94 0.08 standard

¾ Summary of analysis and evaluation

The sensitive points along the project are Binhe little town, Zhangye Hotel, Minxiuhuayuan Community, Jin’an Community, Ninghe Community, Shuijinghuayuan Community. From the prediction: the long-term forecast years (2032) vehicle flow situations is as follows, under different weather conditions, NO2 hourly maximum concentrations and the average daily maximum concentration contribution values on environmental sensitive points along the line should not exceed level 2 standards of Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1996) and "amendment (EPB [2000] No.1)"; CO hourly maximum concentrations and the average daily maximum concentration contribution values on environmental sensitive points along the line should not exceed level 2 standards of Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1996) and "amendment (EPB [2000] No.1)"; it can be seen project vehicle emission does not make a significant on surrounding sensitive points.

151 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

3 Figure 5.3-15 NO2 annual average contribution concentration isopleth map (unit: mg/m )

（a） NO2

152 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

（b）CO

3 5.3-13 Maximum hour contribution concentration isopleth map of NO2 and CO (unit: mg/m )

（a） NO2

153 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

（b）CO

5.3-14 Maximum daily average contribution concentration isopleth map of NO2 and CO (unit: mg/m3)

5.3.6 Solid waste environmental impact analysis during operation

Solid waste during operation is mainly from domestic rubbish generated by workers and dirt produced by pipeline flushing. Domestic rubbish can be collected relying on the around existing facilities, if there is no existing facility to set rubbish containers or bins in the right place, non-exposed rubbish dumps are allowed to be constructed, unified collected solid waste will be sent to Zhangye urban sanitary landfill. At the same time, strengthen environmental advocacy, enhance the environmental awareness of management units. Therefore, domestic rubbish generated by workers and dirt produced by pipeline flushing has little impact on the surrounding environment during operation.

154 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report VI. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT AND MEASURES

The proposed project's environmental risks mainly sodium chlorate in water treatment plant and organic compounds have oxidation reaction ,produce heat and cause fire, and environmental risks caused by leakage of hydrochloric acid storage tank.

6.1 Environmental risk analysis

6.1.1 Environmental risk identification

In order to reduce the environmental risks caused from chlorine disinfection, while compared with liquid chlorine, chlorine dioxide disinfection effect is good, suitable to wide pH range, there is strong killing role on the virus, will not form carcinogens. Binhe New District water supply plant will use chlorine dioxide for disinfection, equipped with chlorine dioxide generator (chlorate sodium + hydrochloric acid), therefore the project set one hydrochloride storage pot and one NaClO3 storage pot.

¾ Molecular formula of hydrochloric acid is HCl, colorless, pungent odor; soluble in water. React with reactive metal powder, releasing hydrogen gas. In case of cyanide can produce highly toxic hydrogen cyanide gas. Neutralization reaction with alkali, and release large amounts of heat has a strong corrosive.

¾ Sodium chlorate: molecular formula of sodium chlorate is NaClO3, usually white or light yellow crystal. In the steady state is rhombic crystal or crystal, taste salty and cold, easily soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol. In acidic solution has a strong oxidation effect, more than 300 ℃ factoring out the oxygen, easily absorbing moisture caking, is a strong inorganic oxidants, unstable. Stand-alone and not spontaneous combustion, except in case of following substance has explosive potential: a, organic matter, such as oil, asphalt, flour, sawdust, coal, carbon, organic solvents and other organics; b, metal powder, magnesium powder, aluminum powder, iron, zinc powder, etc.; c, concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid ; d, reducing substances, such as sulfur and phosphorus.

Through the identification of water supply plant materials physical and chemical properties and toxicological properties, make clear water supply plant environmental risks mainly have two aspects:

¾ Hydrochloric acid leak cause corrosion on the surrounding objects, or burns to personnel. ¾ Sodium chlorate and organic compounds have oxidation reaction, produce heat and cause fire; Strong oxidant sodium chlorate in case of acid, reaction produces large amounts of chlorine, chlorine acid below 40 ℃ will explode.

155 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 6.2 Risk prevention measures

Risk prevention efforts should focus on prevention; implement principle of “based on enterprise self-help, social assistance supplement “on the accident rescue. Accident emergency plan is based on project risk source risk analysis, developed for the prevention of accidents and reduce loss plans in case of accident.

(1) Emergency measures

Fire emergency measures: When catch fire; the fire brigade comes into position in accordance with fire-fighting program, according to different fire circumstances to choose different ways to extinguish the fire.

Post-treatment of the accident: post-treatment is maintain accident facility and accident scene clean-up after the accident, in case of fire and explosion accidents, when affecting the external environment, it is necessary to grasp the extent of the damage to the environment, to provide information for dealing with pollution incidents decision-making. When the fire broke out, mainly prevent influence on atmospheric environment.

(2) Prevention countermeasures and suggestions ¾ generally recognized principles of accident prevention:

9 Accident prevention is essential components for enterprises to achieve good governance and ensure product quality;

9 Management and operation personnel must cooperate in accident prevention activities;

9 Heads of enterprises are the first highest persons responsible for security, must organize safe production and play an exemplary role;

9 Every production position must have a clear security policy which is familiar with all employed personnel;

9 Must as far as possible access to the most advanced safety techniques and methods.

9 The modern business management principles involved in many important areas, to comply with these principles, allows companies the. These principles involve many important aspects of modern business management, adherence to these principles, can enable enterprises to reduce the possibility of accidents and harm to an acceptable level.

¾ Develop post management system, and constantly improve it. ¾ Enhance the company's environmental management, set full-time environmental protection staff, strengthens the training of theoretical knowledge and skill of sewage treatment plant operators, prohibit wastewater excessive discharge.

156 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report ¾ in engineering design, construction and future management should consider the risk of accidents that may occur, especially in the selection of equipment should fully consider safety measures. ¾ Develop emergency contingency plans.

The project should be based on production characteristics and accident risk analysis for toxic, hazardous and other substances in the storage and transportation process, according to the content and requirements in Table 6.2-1 develop emergency contingency plans.

Table 6.2-1 emergency contingency plans No Item Content and requirements 1 General principles This project main hazard is finished product warehouse (fire) and 2 Hazard overview waste gas treatment facility. 3 Emergency planning area Production areas and storage areas. Factory： 1, setting up headquarters, responsible for overall command of the accident site; 2 organize rescue team: responsible for the control, rescue, and recovery treatment of accident; Emergency response 4 3, set up regional headquarters: responsible for overall organization command, rescue, control and evacuation in the vicinity of the factory; 4, the plant should be set up environmental protection department, can promptly identify the cause of the incident and maintenance in time. Emergency state classifications and Level for emergency classification and the corresponding 5 emergency response provisions of the incident response procedures procedures 1, set the fire-fighting water pool; 2, the establishment of fire-wall; 3, set spare spray equipment, preventing blockage of waste gas Emergency facilities, spray device; 6 equipment and materials 4, there should be complete fire-fighting equipment within the factory; 5, there are workshops for pollution prevention equipment failure can guarantee timely maintenance; 1, set emergency phone, easy contact the outside world when the accident occurred; Emergency 2 production workshop set up bulletin boards, make clear 7 communications, accident-prone section; notifications, and traffic 3, factory and workshop emergency exits should be established to facilitate evacuation. 1, the factory environmental protection department should have Emergency regular monitoring equipment and master monitoring methods; environmental monitoring 2 Should have the professional and technical personnel can 8 and disaster conduct reasonable assessment for impact of the accident assessments according to the report; provide the decision-making basis for command. Emergency protective 1, the occurrence of gas treatment does not meet the standard, 9 measures, methods and promptly investigate and identify the reasons, if necessary, start

157 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report No Item Content and requirements equipment to eliminate spare spray equipment, conduct spray treatment to gas of this leakage project; 2, when the fire broke out, timely control, prevent enlarge, spread and chain reaction; 3, this project can install monitor in storage tanks, environmental protection department responsible for the monitoring of risk section, in case of leaks, timely take remedial measures; 4 control and eliminate pollution measures and corresponding device. Emergency measure control, evacuation When water works projects accidents causing health hazards, 10 organization plan, should organize rescue teams to rescue injured personnel. medical care and public health Termination of Provides emergency state stop procedures dealing with the 11 emergency state and aftermath of the accident, neighborhood area lift accident alert recovery measures and recovery measures After the enactment of emergency plans, and arrange staff 12 Training and drills training and drills Public education and carry out public education, training and dissemination of 13 information information in the vicinity of the factory Set a special record of emergency incidents, build archives and specialized reporting system; 14 Records and reports This project sets environmental protection department, responsible for environmental protection and incident management.

158 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES AND PROGRAM

Proposed projects including wetland protection project and infrastructure projects, according to the differences in contents of engineering construction, combined with the construction regional environmental characteristics, on the basis of analysis the project construction content’s impacts on the environment during construction and operation period, made targeted environmental protection measures and program to mitigate adverse environmental effects.

7.1 Wetland protection project environmental impact mitigation measures

Through environmental impacts of the proposed wetland protection project identification can see wetland protection project environmental impact are mainly concentrated in construction period, after the construction and operation of project, which have some positive benefits to the protection of wetland resources and environmental functions of wetlands. In order to increase protection and management of wetland resources to the maximum extent, make complex wetland ecosystem in northern suburb of the city and its rare wild animals and plants be effectively protected to prevent degradation of wetland ecological environment, maintain the harmonious balance of nature reserve, for adverse impacts on the environment caused by proposed project during the construction and operation period, propose mitigation measures. Wetlands protection project environmental impact mitigation measures shown in Figure 7.1-1.

7.1.1 Mitigation measures to protection objects impact in the nature reserve

Wetland protection project part engineering content is located within Zhangye Heihe wetland national nature reserve, through field investigations and access to relevant information, project area has large eagle owl and large upland buzzard two kinds of rare and endangered animals, protect black stork as represented wetland rare bird and birds migration important channel and habitat is one of main protection objects in Zhangye Heihe wetland national nature reserve, therefore main environment impacts during construction period are project construction site and the "three wastes" emissions impacts on the regional wildlife habitat and survival environment.

Planning measures:

(1) Reasonably design construction routes, strict control the construction work area, strictly prohibited construction within the wildlife distribution area, strictly forbidden patrol vehicles drive into wildlife habitats. (2) The Heihe River Basin wetland is located in one of 8 migratory bird migration routes in the world, each year from mid-March to late April, early September to early November, about 30,000-50,000 waterfowl build-up and rest in the Heihe River Basin wetlands, the proposed project construction should be avoided in the winter migratory birds coming and breeding period, to reduce the shock and

159 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report interference of human activities on birds.

Management measures:

(1) Conduct environmental protection awareness training for all construction personnel before construction, and construction staff participates in hunting wild animals or destroying habitat in the nature reserve once found should punish severely; carry out science publicity and education, popularize wildlife protection knowledge, to enhance conservation awareness of general public. (2) Give full play to role of nature reserve management agencies, strengthen the protection and management, implement nature reserve fencing and enclosure, to reduce human disturbance on wildlife resources, prohibit hunting. (3) Using "concentrate, section by section construction” approach, shorten the construction period, reduce the impact of construction on the local wildlife. (4) According to spatial-temporal distribution of birds set the construction time and space, based on the project area bird migration time and habitat ecological distribution during construction period set construction time and construction methods, take the form of long-distance interference as far as possible to avoid human impact on birds. (5) According to spatial-temporal distribution of birds set the tourism, based on the project area bird migration time and habitat ecological distribution during operation period set tourism of eco-tourist attractions, take the form of long-distance bird-watching as much as possible to avoid human impact on birds.

Engineering measures:

(1) Establish the construction period emergency animal rescue center, conduct the necessary aid to injured birds caused by construction or human disturbances or abandoned nestling birds. (2) Take noise pollution mitigation measures: use of green transportation, establish traffic signs in the vicinity of habitat areas, including the protection and zoning signs, warning signs, whistling and speeding, in order to reduce traffic noise source intensity. (3) Setting the isolation facilities in the scope of rare wildlife habitats, in the pre-construction period can use protection method of fencing and animals channel (culverts) enclosure, after put into operation, introduce Buckthorn or Caragana forest bio-fencing.

EIA recommendations:

In order to better protect the natural landscape of inland rivers, and coordinate with the regional natural landscape, the construction of proposed nature reserve building using wooden structure.

160 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 7.1.2 The environmental impact mitigation measures during construction

7.1.2.1 The eco-environment impact mitigation measures during construction

(1) Wetland plant resources protection measures

The Project involves the experimental zone of nature reserve, therefore, in the s location election of temporary covering and protection station should follow the principle of causing minimize damage to nature reserve. Take advantage of favorable terrain, to minimize the destruction of wetland vegetation, especially to the occupation of wetland vegetation.

When building the construction access road, construction unit should first survey lines with the assistance of nature reserve staff, check out the distribution of national key protected plants, prevent the plants from being cut off by mistake. If key protected plants and animals are found during the construction process, reported to the authorities in a timely manner, and take appropriate protection measures.

Management should be strengthened, strict control the construction work areas to minimize the construction damage to vegetation. Construction units should organize effective protection and management team, strengthen the construction section management near the nature reserve, establish construction zone signs and comply with the relevant provisions of nature reserve, in the late construction period flat and green temporary construction site in a timely manner. Implement the target responsibility system to professional protection staff, develop tasks according to different protection management area, resource status and protection degree of difficulty, assign the tasks of protection and management in place and the individual people.

Strengthen publicity and education on fire prevention and related measures, build construction area fire prevention and fire alarm system, to ensure the safety of the construction areas, particularly plant resources of nature reserve.

Conduct monitoring or investigation of ecological environment during the project construction period, strictly supervise the construction behavior; strengthen the monitoring of the ecological balance, carry out eco-tracking evaluation.

(2) Wildlife protection measures

Improving protection awareness of construction workers, strictly prohibit hunting wild animals. Construction workers must comply with "wildlife protection law of People's Republic of China", prohibit hunting wild animals in and around the construction area.

Wild birds and mammals are mostly going out foraging in the morning and evening and resting at noon. In order to reduce disturbance of construction noise to wildlife, plans should be prepared for construction methods and timing.

Strengthen abandoned dreg site protection during construction period, strengthen various types of health management of construction workers, to avoid the direct discharge of sewage to reduce water pollution, to maximize protect animal habitats.

161 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report (3) Soil erosion prevention and control measures

strictly prohibit setting up take and spoil field in wetland nature reserve area, reasonably use project abandoned and waste soil.

According to the project construction content, combined with the existing roads and surrounding environmental characteristics of the project area, the construction camp laid outside the nature reserve, to reduce impact of the temporary site on nature reserve.

Temporary soil piling field:

¾ Strictly control the stack height of temporary soil piling field to prevent soil collapse. Stacking height is 3M or so, should not be too high, and piled into structured surface and plane. ¾ During the rainy season construction period, four sides of temporary soil piling field shall be installed soil or grass bag cofferdam for protection, top and bare slopes should covered with a fine mesh net or stripe to prevent temporary soil splashing around, while preventing soil erosion caused by rainwater and dust pollution on ambient air in the arid windy weather. During the non-rainy period, in line with the principle of cost savings may be manually repair the temporary soil piling field, solid top surface and the surrounding slopes; while use large clods or stones dig out piled and stacked in four sides. ¾ To prevent soil erosion of temporary soil piling field caused by water catchments, at the outer edges of temporary soil piling field requires the construction of temporary drains, straightly drain water to the natural channel under the ground or gutter near the road, take excavation from temporary gutter as a soil ridge blocked drainage downhill side of the gutter, after completion of the project, backfill the soil ridge to the gutter for land reclamation of the main project.

7.1.2.2 Atmospheric environmental protection measures during construction

Dust-reduction measures:

Construction units use construction machinery and transport equipment comply with the national health standard, reduce the dust generation from the source; At the same time cutting crack and drilling in the construction process also dominated by wet operations, effectively reducing the amount of dust.

Construction site in the non-rainy day timely watering.

Powdered materials such as cement, lime, etc. should be bagged or covered with tarpaulin to prohibit bulk transportation. Automobile emission control measures:

Strengthen the management of construction vehicles to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions.

7.1.2.3 Water environmental protection measures during construction

162 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Domestic wastewater control measures during construction:

(1) Strictly prohibit set construction camps within the nature reserve, construction workers renting local houses, the general domestic wastewater and garbage discharge into civilian facilities of residential places. (2) Strengthen the environmental protection education of construction personnel; improve environmental awareness of construction personnel, construction personnel shall not litter or throw wastes and sewage.

Wastewater control measures during construction:

(1) From the source solve the problem of waste water of construction machinery, strengthen the conservation, maintenance of construction machinery and equipment and waste oil collection, and minimize emissions. (2) Vehicle equipment washing water after simple sedimentation tank for waste water treatment can be effective in the removal of sediment, after treatment can be used for dust suppression sprinklers within the field area.

7.1.2.4 Sound environmental impact mitigation measures during construction

Source control measures:

(1) Use low-noise construction machinery as far as possible, eliminating backward technology and construction methods, such as static piling machine instead of high noise hammer percussive piling machine. (2) Construction and transportation vehicles, such as the loader, and other large-scale trucks installing mufflers.

Management measures:

(1) Co-ordinate arrangements for the construction, avoid arranging a large number of noise equipment and devices construct in the same section and the same time as much as possible. (2) The construction unit should strengthen management, civil construction, such as on-site loading and unloading steel mold, equipment and tools should be lightly and slowly armed, not free to throw making noises.

Acoustic environment sensitive target protection measures:

Reasonably arrange the construction time, reduce the interference to wildlife, especially rare wildlife.

7.1.2.5 Solid waste disposal measures during construction

(1) Construction covering should be tightly controlled during construction period, for range of temporary covering is strictly forbidden arbitrary expansion. After construction is completed, timely leveling construction site, clear and dispose

163 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report surface solidified layer formed on the part of the access roads. (2) After construction is completed, timely clean-up the concrete mixing system, parking lot of construction machinery, warehouses and other construction sites, clean all kinds of construction waste and debris and do well construction camps restoration work. (3) Strengthen the management and the environmental protection education of construction workers, and improve environmental awareness of construction staff and construction staff must not throw wastes and sewage.

7.1.3 Environmental protection measures during operation period

7.1.3.1 Domestic pollution environmental impact mitigation measures

The impact of wildlife rescue station, district-level protection stations and wetland monitoring center on the environment during operation period mainly sewage and solid waste emission from staff in the nature reserve, proposed in each work area (district-level protection stations, wildlife rescue station and wetlands monitoring center) set an eco-toilet, treated wastewater used for greening; Set one waste collection bin in each work area , collected garbage periodically transported to the landfill for treatment.

7.1.3.2 The induced effect mitigation measures on environmental impact

The impact of wetland eco-tourism on ecological environment in the nature reserve is multifaceted; its effect mechanism is more complicated, the key to regulate and control these effects is to properly coordinate the internal relationships between wetland eco-tourism and wetland ecological environment. Zhangye wetland eco-tourism need addressed strategy issues are problems between natural tourism resource development and environmental protection, problems between economic benefits and environmental impact. Its core objective is to provide high-quality tourism environment for the visitors, while maintaining ecological integrity and quality of the environment, realizing the harmonious development of man and nature. Zhangye Heihe wetland national nature reserve carry out wetland eco-tourism must firmly establish the guiding ideology of paying equal attention to the protection and development, protection priority, take effective measures to establish and strengthen the positive effects of tourism on the ecological environment, reduce and eliminate the negative effects.

(1) Scientifically and rationally do well wetland eco-tourism planning

According to Heihe River Wetland Nature Reserve wetland eco-tourism goals, before making tourism development, we must earnestly conduct wetland eco-tourism planning , research carrying capacity of wetland resources, determine a reasonable capacity for tourists, and to avoid developing tourism projects in the ecologically fragile wetland resources.

(2) Emphasis on eco-tourism, advocate civilized tourism

Tourism development and management unit provide training of basic expertise and nature

164 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report reserve protection laws and regulations to service management personal, is an important step enabling them to become a force of nature protection, and implement environmental education to visitors, to a certain extent, is to enhance public awareness of the ecological environment, is a key condition to achieve sustainable development of wetland eco-tourism.

(3) Set up warning signs, billboards and informative signs

Set up "leave only footprints, take only photos", "extra careful and quiet, do not disturb the wild animals and plants " and other eye-catching warning signs; Produce and play audio-video products of Zhangye Heihe Wetland National Nature Reserve.

(4) Carrying out environmental protection priorities, sustainable development thinking

Increase wetland vegetation protection, and shall not use any excuse to deforest and destroy vegetation. Project does not advocate the construction of large luxury dining and entertainment facilities within tourist attractions, strive to make service facilities simple and practical, essential facilities must harmonize with natural landscape, using local materials suit to local conditions. Buildings take small body mass, hidden, scattered, set off with the surrounding landscape, layout in a natural way.

(5) Control sources of pollution, and do well pollutants treatment work

Within the scope of wetland park management, shall not engage in mining, quarrying, sand-dredging and other activities; Restrict motor vehicle access to tourist attractions of the project, control noise; do well garbage collection, transshipment and decomposition work, shall not be stacked and buried in-place; Build eco-toilets, and do well daily management of the toilets.

(6) Strengthening management, establish monitoring system

Eco-tourism management is through different ways, so that tourism can be managed in an effective and scientific way, strengthen the dynamic monitoring of wetland tourist area, to enhance wetlands tourist area of dynamic monitoring, in particular monitoring and timely evaluation of tourism activities on different local ecological environment impact, is basis to adjust the number of visitors, it is reasonable adjust the number of visitors, ensure the overall environmental quality stability. Should establish test archives for air quality, soil quality, water quality relevant indicators, and determine the alert value.

7.2 Infrastructure construction project environmental protection measures

For the proposed project adverse impact on the environment during the construction period and operation period propose mitigation measures. Infrastructure construction project environmental impact mitigation measures are shown in Figure 7.2-1.

7.2.1 The environmental impact mitigation measures during construction

7.2.1.1 Socio-environmental impacts

165 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report (1) The traffic impact mitigation measures

①Due to road construction, pipe laying and other activities inevitably occupy, block roads or roads crossed, which will have a greater impact on traffic in the construction area. In the development of implementation plans, construction units should fully take into account this factor, for the higher traffic volume roads design a detour, to reduce the impact on the out crowd. To minimize the construction impact on daily lives of local residents and traffic, road transport vehicles running lines during the construction period should be planed, to avoid causing traffic congestion; If necessary, cooperate with the public security traffic management department so as to ensure the smooth flow of traffic and normal operation, and should use radio, television, newspapers notice the general public in advance.

② Place billboards at the construction site, explaining the project main content, construction time, please the general public understands inconvenience due to construction, and billboards indicate the contacts and complaints hotline.

③ when implementing the house demolition set up temporary enclosure and movable noise barriers and other means to reduce noise in the side of close to the sensitive points. Around the demolition site setting up the temporary dust cloth, flat sites and water regularly on transport road, to maintain moisture content of surface dust. Intact bricks can be recycled after the demolition of houses, doors and timber can be sold, the furniture can continue to use or sell, construction waste can be used in place flat, the remaining can also be transported to other construction sites for leveling ground materials.

④ Project construction should take the form of implementing section by section; try to complete the excavation, pipe, and backfill and road construction in the shortest possible time as much as possible. Reasonably arrange the construction time, especially for roads with heavy traffic, construction should avoid the peak time.

⑤Construction spoil should be timely transported; soil mound should be covering as few roads as possible to ensure the road transport operation in excavation sections.

⑥ Pipeline construction should be combined with road construction, try to avoid a separate pipeline construction, it will not only impact traffic and damage roads but also result in increased project costs.

(2) Public facilities protection measures

①Take the municipal facilities within 10m of both sides of the pipe line as key protected objects, develop protection programs, during construction shall not destroy the existing public facilities; if distance between road network or pipe network is close, cannot avoid affecting the safety of existing facilities, in conjunction with the construction unit, municipal authorities and other relevant departments develop the line change program.

②If have to remove the power, telecommunications and other professional facilities, the construction unit should be on the basis of full consultation with the electricity and telecommunication sector, based on the replacement value of facilities to compensate,

166 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report rehabilitation and reconstruction of such facilities should be completed before the acquisition, to ensure normal needs of production and life of people living along the lines.

7.2.1.2 Ecological environment protection and compensation measures

Main manifestation of project impact on the ecological environment is construction land’s impact on ecological environment and soil and water loss caused by construction waste during the construction period; therefore propose following environmental protection measures during construction:

Avoidance measures:

Various ground-building activities, such as lines, pipelines, water treatment plants, in the selection process as much as possible to avoid farmland, to make full use of unused land for construction, increase distance between surface construction and residential areas in maximum extent, avoid disturbing.

In order to reduce the loss of agricultural production, should try to protect the surface soil in the construction process, construction should also avoid crop growing season, arrange engineering in winter.

Mitigation measures:

For temporary soil piling field, reasonably set height of temporary soil piling field, before rainfall should take plastic film or colored cloth for full protection, prevent rainfall and runoff erosion on temporary soil piling field.

Road centerline and both sides of the road red line set the isolation greenbelt.

Management measures:

Strictly control activity scope of construction vehicles, machinery and construction personal, minimize construction work zone as much as possible, and reduce the surface disturbance.

Temporary land covering projects to be layered earth, layered excavation, layered backfill, backfill cultivation soil on the surface, in order to restore the original soil, protect agricultural ecological environment. After backfill the excess earth shall be tiled in the field or as ridge, drainage ridge, or for other units greening soil, strictly prohibit arbitrary disposal, minimize the construction period impact on the environment.

Good soil fertility soil in the project area should be stripped prior to construction, taking measures to make temporary piling, prepare for engineering greening soil and other units greening purposes;

Strictly enforce the "land reclamation regulations ", damaged areas by construction vehicles and machinery should be promptly repaired, restore the original appearance.

Strengthening management in construction period, properly handle and dispose all kinds of pollutants produced during construction, control its pollution impact on the ecological environment.

167 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 7.2.1.3 Noise mitigation measures

The impact of infrastructure construction project is mainly construction machinery noise impact on the surrounding environment during construction period.

Source control measures:

Construction unit must select low noise construction machinery and vehicles in line with national standards; set noise control devices on high intensity noise source device.

Sound environment sensitive point protection measures:

Daytime implement construction near acoustic sensitive point such as schools, you should get in touch with the school so that they can properly arrange learning time; and should avoid high-noise operation during resting time of nearby residents.

For construction site must implement construction at night and will affect the acoustic environment of surrounding residents, should take noise abatement measures to construction machinery, around the construction site or in a residents concentrated area set up temporary sound barrier facilities, and apply to the environmental protection department, under the supervision of environmental management department and after approval construction can't be started, in order to ensure the quality of residential acoustic environment.

Management measures:

According to the noise functional requirements of the construction site, reasonably arrange the construction plans; do not implement construction at night as much as possible, especially prohibit high noise construction at night. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the impact of construction on surrounding residents, prohibit construction from 10 pm to 6 am the next day.

In the process of project construction, scientifically design and strictly manage, seriously implement the national construction norms and regulations, do well publicity work during the pre-construction and construction, strive for understanding and support from residents in and around work zones, educate construction personnel clear construction notes, construction in a civilized way, ensure project quality, inspection completed on schedule.

Take centralized, section by section construction methods, to shorten the construction period and reduce the impact of construction noise on local section sound environment.

7.2.1.4 Water environment protection measures

Prohibit setting the construction camps, the production area set septic tanks for treating domestic wastewater.

Regularly check construction equipment to prevent oil leakage.

In the farmland section, drainage ditches on both sides of the roadbed will be heightened and reinforced, to prevent sediment entering.

168 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Strictly control toxic, hazardous and dangerous goods transportation, to prevent environmental pollution and road damage caused by accidents.

7.2.1.5 Environmental air pollution protection measures

Dust control measures ¾ Rationally organize construction planning and select temporary construction site, construction site must be enclosed, height of not less than 1.8m. ¾ Reasonably arrange construction time, avoid windy weather construction. During sunny, dry and windy weather construction, construction work surface should use watering way to suppress dust; in windy and dust weather construction should be stopped. ¾ Powdery material transport process should be scientific and rational choose transport routes, shorten the transport distance, and as far as possible avoid densely populated areas, in order to reduce the dust pollution caused by motor transport; transport vehicles of sand, cement, lime with awning fabric cover, to prevent the scatter on the road, and to minimize construction dust impact on the environment. ¾ Site piled earth and unused powdery material should be covered, to prevent the increase in the quantity of dust in the air; construction in normal weather conditions, should also be timely watering, and promptly clean up the road, minimizing or avoiding dust pollution on local environments. ¾ Spoil and waste slag required to timely removed and properly handled; delays in transportation, covering and the other dust control measures must be taken. ¾ For construction task and construction site environmental conditions, develop reasonable construction plan, adopt a centralized section by section construction method, and shorten the construction period, reduce construction site work area, reduce the environmental impact of construction dust. Automobile exhaust pollution control measures ¾ Transport vehicles should comply with national and local environmental regulations, control vehicle exhaust emissions, fuel automobile exhaust emissions should be in line with national motor vehicle exhaust emission control requirements. ¾ Strengthen the construction site vehicle management. Building construction site entrances and exits must be purified, and equipped with specialized cleaning equipment and personnel, is responsible for clearing the construction site driving out transport vehicles body and wheel dirt, body and wheels shall not drive out the site with soil. ¾ Regularly maintain construction vehicles to reduce exhaust emissions.

169 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 7.2.1.6 Solid waste treatment and disposal measures

Solid waste generated during project construction period is mainly spoil, disposable material and garbage.

¾ Comprehensive utilization of road excavation during construction period, project waste area will not be set. ¾ Construction waste from network construction housing demolition can be broken and filled with the other fillers to the roadbed, and realize comprehensive utilization. Cannot be used construction waste should be unified shipped to unified area designated by the local sanitation department. ¾ Waste and wastewater from the construction sites shall be regularly removed and transported to nearby landfill for concentration disposal by the sanitation department. For waste such as plastic bags, should comply strictly with the white pollution control regulations for treatment. ¾ Construction site should achieve work done, materials should be collected, site clearance, construction waste generated must be bagged and timely clean up, construction waste must be stacked in designated areas, not allowed to pile in outside area, timely clean up spilled materials in the construction channel, while require duty personnel except do well normal work, supervise environmental health channel clearance, if find problems solve them in a timely manner. ¾ For reusable waste, such as timber, steel and so on, should be recycled in order to save resources. ¾ For waste with dust, use of enclosures stacking method for disposal. ¾ Spoil generated by trench excavation should backfill in a timely manner.

7.2.1.7 Heritage protection measures

Zhangye city have a lot of heritage attractions and cultural relics, according to current surveys, the project construction and operation does not involve cultural relics and historic sites, but if accidentally discovered underground cultural relics during the pipeline excavation, should immediately stop construction, and report to the environmental protection department and cultural relics administrative department, do well heritage conservation work.

7.2.2 Environmental protection measures during operation period

7.2.2.1 Noise environmental impact mitigation measures

(1) Enhance traffic management and reduce the noise source

Because traffic noise is a major source of urban noise, should be further strengthen motor vehicles and road traffic management in the whole city, strict quality check in vehicle annual examination, phase out manned tricycle vehicle. While set speed limit, no horning signs at

170 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report sections near the important sensitive points (such as schools, village near the highway) in order to reduce the effects of noise. Timely clearing roadblocks, guaranteed lane and sidewalks are smooth, maintain road surface evenness, avoid poor road conditions cause vehicle bump result in increasing in traffic noise. Motor vehicles driving should be civilized, and reducing the number of whistling, reducing mobile noise source intensity, thereby reducing the impact of traffic noise.

(2) Through advocacy, public consciously participate in environmental noise pollution prevention and control work

Environmental protection departments should through various forms vigorously publicize noise pollution control act, sound environmental quality standards and related regulations and system, and using social media to support public participation in environmental noise pollution prevention and control work. Through advocacy, improve citizen awareness of the hazards of noise pollution, consciously reduce or resist the strong noise sources.

(3) Strengthening urban greening

Combination with urban transformation, strengthening urban greening work, select the appropriate species, plant density and the width of vegetation can achieve absorb sound waves and reduce noise effect. Timely planting street trees along the roads carry out effective maintenance and management, forming the green barrier, cannot only effectively reduce the noise pollution, but also beautify the environment.

(4) According to the "Zhangye City Binhe New District Regulatory Detailed Plan," planning area will build five senior high schools, eight primary schools, four general hospitals, in order to meet the requirements of sensitive point acoustic environmental quality, the EIA proposes to plan school classrooms and dormitories and hospital wards and offices set up 160m outside the red road line (no other buildings between roads and schools).

(5) In the design of the city main roads and secondary roads, set greening isolation belt between the motor and non-motorized vehicle and the sidewalk, in order to meet the regional acoustic environment quality standards after the road network was opened, the EIA propose strictly prohibit cart running except bus within this new area, can make regional noise levels reduce about 4dB.

(6) In the vicinity of hospitals and schools, setting no horning signs.

Taking into account the uncertainty of operation period network traffic amount and prediction model, resulting in noise prediction results also have some uncertainty. According to the noise prediction results, after taking the aforementioned management and cart limit measures, regional environmental quality can achieve standards. Propose to strengthen the sensitive points running time acoustic environment quality monitoring, based on the results, taking the necessary measures to ensure the regional acoustic environment quality achieve standards.

7.2.2.2 Environmental air impact mitigation measures

171 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report (1) Should strengthen vehicle management, environmental protection and traffic police departments should strengthen supervision and monitoring, strictly enforce vehicle exhaust emission inspection system, for vehicles seriously over the existing motor vehicle exhaust emission standards should be banned from the roads or regulate other routes in accordance with relevant regulations or requirements.

(2) Should strengthen the management of transport vehicles, prohibiting the transport vehicle can produce dust driving on the road without cover.

(3) Strengthen road management and pavement maintenance, to maintain good operational status, reduce traffic congestion phenomenon.

(4) Planting more trees and grasses on both sides of the highway, especially near sensitive points. This cannot only purify and absorb pollutants in vehicle exhaust, but also beautify the environment and improve the landscape along the road.

7.2.2.3 Water environmental impact mitigation measures

(1) Prohibit all kinds of leaks, bulk overloaded vehicles traveling on the road, and prevent road goods loss cause water pollution. Leaked oil due to traffic accidents should be collected as much as possible, in order to reduce pollution on surface water, natural vegetation and crops.

(2) Regularly inspect and maintain soil and water conservation engineering facilities (such as intercepting drain, slope protection and so on) and drainage works facilities (such as drainage ditches), broken should be repaired in a timely manner. Regularly inspect water-sediment condition of bridges and culverts along the roads, and clear silt in a timely manner.

(3) In case of strong winds, heavy rain, icy, etc. particularly in severe condition, you should turn off the corresponding sections in order to reduce the incidence of traffic accidents.

7.2.2.4 Solid waste impact mitigation measures

(1) Through the development and publicity of regulations, prohibit passengers arbitrarily thrown away garbage on the highway, in order to ensure traffic safety and clearance on both sides of the roads.

（2）Bus stop and roadsides set garbage containers or bins to facilitate crossing passengers. Prohibiting the construction of exposed garbage dumps.

(3) Strengthen the management, timely remove garbage, regularly transport garbage to the nearest waste disposal field, strictly prohibit arbitrary discard.

172 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING

To mitigate the project impact on the surrounding environment during the construction and operation period, to ensure the successful construction and normal operation, need to establish certain environmental management agencies, to carry out the project environmental management work during the construction and operation period, coordinate with relevant departments to conduct environmental monitoring and supervision and other environmental protection work.

8.1 Environmental management

Through the development of the systemic and scientific environmental management plan, gradually implement prevention and mitigation and other environmental protection measures proposed in Gansu infrastructure development and wetland protection project (Zhangye) environmental impact assessment report during construction and operation period. Make construction and operation of Gansu infrastructure development and wetland protection project meet national economic construction and environment construction be designed, constructed and put into operation "three simultaneous" system, provide the basis for implementing the planned environmental protection measures, and supervision from local environmental protection departments.

Through the implementation of environmental management plan, minimize the project construction adverse impact on the environment; make the project economic benefits and environmental benefits coordinated, sustained and stable development.

8.1.1 Environmental management system

The project related to environmental protection agencies can be divided into management and supervision agencies, as shown in Table 8.1-1.

Table 8.1-1 the proposed project environmental management system Environmental Environmental Environmental Project The environmental protection protection protection phases protection contents measures management supervisory execution units department authorities Implementing Zhangye city construction environmental measures Supervision Construction units environmental period and solving sudden engineer protection bureau environmental problems Commission Zhangye city monitoring unit or Zhangye city Operation Environmental monitoring environmental setting up environmental period and management monitoring monitoring protection bureau station stations

(3) The management agencies

Due to environmental management content during construction and operation period has a

173 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report large difference, and a working hours has a temporary and permanent distinction, therefore should set up a separate organization, implementing responsible manner in stages, after the construction, the management agencies shall be revoked, the operation period management agency in operation, according to the specific circumstances of the work, allowing a certain period of crossover.

(i) Construction period

In order to ensure the effectiveness and impartiality of the environmental management set up environmental management institutions which no conflict of interest and independently from construction sector, and employees of the institution should have the appropriate qualifications and experience. Due to the wetland protection project adjacent to the Binhe New District, it is recommended that separately setting construction period proposed project management agencies, set up one management agency in total, institutional settings are shown in table 8.1-2.

Table 8.1-2 environmental management institutions during construction period wetland Infrastructure Item protection construction Responsibilities Staff settings project project Overall scheduling, coordination disputes, Group leader 1 1 organization settlement Monitoring ambient air control measures Ambient air monitors 1 2 implementation and site management Monitoring noise control measures Noise monitors 1 1 implementation and site management Monitoring solid waste treatment and disposal Solid waste 1 1 measures implementation and site supervisor management Feedback information to the organizational Hotline staff 1 1 structure

(ii) Environmental management agency during operation period

Operation period environmental management is long-term and complex work. Project management office should set up an environmental management department with 3∼5 full-time staff, carry out regular training, and is headed by a project management office person responsible for the management.

(4) Specific responsibilities and permissions for environmental management

(i) Specific responsibilities and permissions during construction period

Environmental management group: project bidding, should ensure that bidding document have the terms and conditions relating to environmental management and monitoring plan, according to the project's implementation program to develop a detailed management plan, the plan should be checked monthly, and make the necessary amendments. Team leader shall inform the project leader report, monthly report on the environmental management checked achievements on a regular basis, and propose targeted solutions to potential

174 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report environmental issues that are found in inspection. Air and noise, solid waste supervisor should check the implementation of environmental prevention measures during construction period according to the schedule, is responsible for arranging the monitoring timing and point according to plan and monthly checks, report inspection and monitoring results and field disposition to the head. Hotline staff: responsible for telephone records, sorting, reporting to the head, and answers to the public and is responsible for explaining the results to the public.

(ii) Specific responsibilities and permissions during operation period

Environmental protection management department is responsible for developing and supervising the implementation of environmental management systems, including:

¾ Publicizing, organizing and implementing the national environmental protection principles, and policies, laws and regulations, cooperate with the local environmental protection authorities to improve environmental protection work in the region, enforce environmental management systems established by the higher authorities; ¾ Regularly inspect and maintain control center and heating stations equipment, ensure the normal operation of the equipment, supervise the implementation of environmental protection measures proposed in the EIA report; ¾ Lead and organize project operation period (including non-functioning) environmental monitoring, establish monitoring files; ¾ Investigate and deal with pollution incidents and disputes in the region. ¾ Conduct environmental education, technical training and academic exchange activities, to improve the quality of the staff, to promote the use of advanced technology and experience. (5) Training of personnel

In order to ensure the smooth and effective implementation of environmental management work, should conduct knowledge and skills training for employees, in addition to introduce the importance and significance of implementation of this project to all staff, we must also do different training for different posts. Environmental protection staff training program is shown in Table 8.1-3.

Table 8.1-3 Environmental protection personal training program Phase Category Number Consigner Environmental managers 1 Project construction Environmental supervisor 8 construction party period Environmental monitors 3 Environmental supervision engineer 2 Construction units Operation Environmental managers 10 Project construction

175 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Phase Category Number Consigner period PMO environmental protection management party 2 staff PMO environmental protection management 2 staff

(6) The exchange of information

Environmental management requires conducting the necessary exchange of information between different departments and different positions within the organization, but also should notify relevant information to the external (stakeholders and the public, etc.). Internal exchange of information can be conducted in various ways such as meetings, internal newsletters, etc., but must have 1 formal monthly meeting; all of the exchange of information should be recorded and archived. External information exchange should be conducted every six months or 1 year, exchange of information with cooperation unit should be recorded and archived.

8.1.2 Environmental management plan

(1) Environmental management plan during the construction period

Construction period environmental management plan in addition to engineering design changes, land acquisition, resettlement and compensation, etc., the rest executed by project construction units, project supervision unit is responsible for supervising the implementation. Environmental management plan of construction period are listed in Table 8.1-4. Measures in the table will be included in project construction engineering, construction tenders and contracts and other relevant documents, to be implemented during the construction period. Construction period environmental management plan design should be completed simultaneously with the construction design.

(2) Operation period environmental management plan

Project operation period various environmental protection measures related to environmental management and supervision shown in Table 8.1-5, these measures will serve as the basis for the preparation of environmental plans during operation period, and implemented.

176 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 8.1-4 Environmental management plan during construction period Impleme Managem Environmen Environmental supervision and Supervision nting ent tal problems management measures bodies agency bodies 1, strictly control the construction area, minimize construction destruction on the vegetation Project 2、Construction units should organize effective Project supervision Nature protection and management team, strengthen constructi unit Constructi reserve management to the construction section near on Local on units protection the nature reserve, establish signs in headquart environmental construction zone, comply with the relevant ers protection provisions of nature reserve, flat and green Bureau temporary construction area in the late construction period in a timely manner. 1. Heritage found in the construction project shall not be moved and collected; the Project contractor shall protect the site, prevent loss The Project supervision of heritage and temporarily stop construction, protection of constructi unit immediately report the situation to supervision Constructi cultural relics on Local engineer and local heritage preservation on units and historic headquart environmental department. sites ers protection Over to the competent authorities prior to Bureau treatment, not new jobs before treatment by the competent authority, shall not re-operation 1. First floor water culvert, then cast road base 2. Embankment slope and green along the Project line, to enhance maintenance management, Project supervision landscaping Soil and constructi unit 3. After construction, flat land as soon as Constructi water on Local possible, minimizing temporary site using time on units conservation headquart environmental 4. take rehabilitation measures for temporary ers protection occupation of cultivated land Bureau 5. strengthen construction supervision work quality of soil and water conservation facilities and supervision of construction progress Project 1. construction materials transport vehicles Project supervision Dust pollution stamped with tarpaulin to reduce splashing constructi unit during Constructi 2. material yard away from the downwind on Local construction on units neighborhoods, and covered or watering to headquart environmental period prevent dust pollution ers protection Bureau 1. wastewater shall not discharge directly 2. all kinds of waste oil and lubricating oil of all Project Water mechanical equipment should collected Project supervision pollution separately and stored, dispose according to constructi unit Constructi during the relevant requirements on Local on units construction 3. Strictly prohibit discard waste oil and headquart environmental period construction garbage, after construction is ers protection completed remove all the waste along the line Bureau in a timely manner Project Project Vegetation 1. cannot cut and destroy vegetation freely Constructi constructi supervision protection 2. strictly control construction zone on units on unit

177 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Impleme Managem Environmen Environmental supervision and Supervision nting ent tal problems management measures bodies agency bodies headquart Local ers environmental protection Bureau 1. Construction site will be laid as far away from the village area, for road construction close to the village, construction schedule will be arranged in the daytime to avoid nighttime construction, piling, etc. especially piling noise and other strong noise and strong vibration operations should be strictly prohibited in the Project nighttime construction Project supervision 2. for fixed-flexible noise reduction noise walls constructi unit Construction of construction machinery network or other Constructi on Local noise noise reduction measures on units headquart environmental 2. For fixed strong noise construction ers protection machinery take flexible noise reduction walls Bureau or other noise reduction measures 3. For mobile strong noise machinery, strengthen the maintenance, conservation, normal and reasonable operation, adjusting the line of work and other measures 4. Construction of cross sections to set up a temporary acoustic barrier

178 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 8.1-5 Environmental management plan during operation period Environm Implemen Environmental supervision and Management Supervision ental ting management measures bodies bodies problems agency 1、Establishment of monitoring system 2、strengthen the dynamic monitoring of wetland tourist area, especially tourism activities on the monitoring of different local ecological environmental impact and Local Nature ADB ADB financed environment reserve timely evaluation, is basis for reasonable financed adjustment of the number of visitors and PMO al protection protection PMO ensure the overall environmental quality Bureau stability 3、Establish testing files of air quality, soil quality, water quality indicators and determine the security line Forestatio Binhe n and 1. Embankment slope and green along the New Binhe New Local beautificat line, to enhance maintenance District District environment ion road management, landscaping Administra Administrative al protection appearan 2. establish green belts in some sections tive Committee Bureau ce on both sides of the road Committe landscape e 1. Highway environmental protection in specialized staff and facilities Binhe management, maintenance and New Soil and Binhe New Local conservation of work Have dedicated District water District environment staff responsible for highway Administra conservati Administrative al protection environmental protection work and tive on Committee Bureau management, daily maintenance and Committe conservation of soil and water e conservation facilities Binhe New Binhe New Local 1. Select a representative residential area District Traffic District environment for monitoring, based on the monitoring Administra noise Administrative al protection results determine its reduction measures tive Committee Bureau Committe e Binhe New Binhe New Local Ambient District 1. Excessive exhaust motor vehicles are District environment air Administra prohibited from the road Administrative al protection pollution tive Committee Bureau Committe e

8.1.3 Environmental supervision plan

Various construction activities during project construction period will bring certain effects to the natural environment, in order to reduce the environmental impact of the construction work at their best and reduce accidents, environmental management should be strengthened, and implement various environmental protection measures and security measures, it is recommended that this project introducing environmental supervision

179 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report mechanism. Supervisor’s importance on environmental protection and level of accountability during construction period related to the implementation of environmental protection work during the project construction period.

(1) The purpose of environmental supervision

Implementation of environmental supervision of the proposed project aims to make the construction site the environmental supervision and management clear, targeted, and throughout the whole project implementation process to ensure various environmental measures proposed in environmental protection design, environmental impact report can be implemented smoothly, ensures contract terms relating to environmental protection in the construction contract can be implemented effectively.

(2) The task of environmental supervision

Construction period project environmental supervision tasks include:

¾ Management, that is related to supervision, environment, quality and information collection, classification, processing, feedback and storage management. ¾ Coordination, namely coordination and organization work between construction units and contractors, the construction unit and the design unit and coordination among the various departments of engineering construction. ¾ Control the quality and progress. (3) The framework of environmental supervision

(i) Establish and improve the perfect environmental supervision and guarantee organization system

Environmental supervision work have dual nature, from the terms of its relative independence, it must be set with professional institutions equipped with high-quality and full-time staff. Recommended that this project environmental supervision work included in scope of project supervision work, require have full-time environmental protection personnel, according to dual requirements of project quality and the environmental protection quality implement total quality management. The project environmental supervision and environmental protection work must accept the supervision from Gansu Environmental Protection Bureau and the local environmental protection departments.

(ii) The development of relevant environmental protection management practices and implementation details

On the basis of implementing the national environmental protection policies and regulations, according to environmental monitoring and environmental supervision plans developed in this project's EIA report, develop related environmental protection system for the project.

(iii) Establish a sound environment supervision work system

180 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report ¾ Record-keeping system that "supervision diary". Describes the inspection visits, environmental issues, analyze causes of problems and responsibilities units, and other preliminary disposal comments. ¾ Reporting system, including "monthly report" of, environmental supervision engineers, "Quarterly Report" and "half-yearly progress assessment report" of engineers and the" environmental monthly report "of contractors. ¾ File notification system, environmental supervision engineers and engineering contractors only has working relationship; all matters between the two sides are confirmed by file letter delivery. When the project is in emergency, first inform orally, submit written documents to confirm even the next day. ¾ Regular environment meeting system held environmental protection meeting once a month, review and sum up past month environmental protection work. Bringing together contractors, engineers, environmental supervision engineers to discuss and research existing problems and reform requirements, form implementation plan. (4) The requirements for environmental supervisors

Environmental supervision is a new issue, whether to play a supervisory role, environment supervisors ' quality is very important, asked the following requirements for environment supervision personnel:

(i) Environment supervisors should possess the appropriate environmental protection professional quality, has long work experience engaged in environmental protection.

(ii) Master national environmental laws, regulations and policies, understand requirements and environmental standards of local environmental protection departments.

(iii) Familiar with the project environmental impact report, understand project environmental sensitivities and the measures to be taken.

(5) Responsibilities of environmental supervisors

Environmental supervisor is responsible for monitoring the construction site, whose main responsibilities are:

(i) Review construction bidding units environmental program and the corresponding environmental costs, ensure the implementation of construction site "environment management program".

(ii) Review construction contracts, supervise owners write the environmental protection content, related costs and the corresponding penalties in the contracts.

(iii) Promptly reported to the authorities the status of construction environmental

181 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report management, based on problems found to make reasonable suggestions.

(iv) Stop the violation of environmental regulations and other acts causing environmental pollution or troubles in a timely manner, punish acts which have greater impacts on the environment.

(6) Environmental supervision plan during construction period

Environmental supervision plan during construction period is shown in Table 8.1-6.

8.1-6 Environmental supervision plan during construction period Environmental Key monitoring problems may Main monitoring contents points be caused 1. Supervision of the construction contractor is strictly implementation of "construction workers environmental Widen education" in the tender; construction site 2. Supervision in accordance with the requirements of the EIA arbitrarily, report reasonable arrangement of construction site location; Construction site destruction of 3. Supervised camp's garbage is piling up at a fixed location, its Construction existing piling location is away from residential areas and other sensitive access roads vegetation, not areas, whether dispose by the Environmental Protection clear up the Department; construction 4. Supervision in accordance with the requirements of the EIA garbage timely. report, after construction is completed the construction site and construction access roads to be properly restored. Other common 1. Supervise construction workers if have acts of cutting, supervision destruction of vegetation and crops outside the construction

(monitoring) area and other acts destruct the local ecology; matters 2. Strictly constraint construction works personal hygiene act.

8.2 Environmental monitoring

8.2.1 Monitoring purposes and principles

Project construction period impact on the environment mainly domestic pollution caused by gathered construction personnel, noise caused by the construction machinery, soil erosion, dust and other pollution caused by construction earth and stone extraction and filling of the road. After the completion of the project and put into operation, the vehicles running at high speed, will result in waste gas, dust, noise and so on, causing environment pollution. Therefore, implement environmental monitoring along the road, can comprehensively, timely master pollution dynamics along the highway, understand changes in environmental quality in the vicinity, thus contributing to environmental management along the highway, so need to implement environmental monitoring along the road.

The development of environmental monitoring plan is to supervise the implementation of various measures to adjust environmental protection action plan according to monitoring results, provide the basis for implementation time and implementation program of environmental protection measures. Monitoring program development is to forecast the major environmental impacts of each period (during construction or operation period).

182 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report 8.2.2 Monitoring bodies

Recommended project management agencies commission Zhangye city environmental monitoring station do construction and operation period environmental monitoring work, implement monitoring plans, and also bear timely monitoring work of sudden pollution accident impact on the environment, on the one hand to play advantages of fully professional personals in existing environmental monitoring units, and improved monitoring facilities; On the other hand, the proposed project management agency can save investment in monitoring equipment and personnel expenses. Construction unit and the monitoring stations should sign construction period monitoring contract before the construction, before delivery of the project, sign relevant operational monitoring contract with monitoring station.

8.2.3 Environmental monitoring program

(1) Construction period

Construction period environmental monitoring including supervises the implementation of control measures, development and implementation of environmental monitoring plan. The proposed project construction period concrete are outsourced, does not involve air pollution in the process of mixing; These include: environmental air pollution control, noise pollution control and water pollution control, in which environmental air pollution control mainly refers to construction site materials stacking, loading and unloading, transportation and construction sites and road watering, dust control measures of transport vehicles ; Noise pollution control refers to the implementation of construction noise pollution control measures, in strict implementation of relevant standard limits requirements in "construction site boundary noise limit" (GB12523-90), , "motor vehicle permitted noise standards" (GB1495-79); Water pollution control require construction personnel shall not discharge construction wastewater at random. Monitoring program is shown in Table 8.2-1.

(2) Operation period

(i) Wetland protection project monitoring

The purpose of wetland protection project is through wetland protection project, wetland restoration project and other construction, protect wetland resources and diversity of wetland ecosystems; in order to master the wetland dynamics, forecast trends, on a regular basis to provide dynamic monitoring data and monitoring reports, analyze reasons for the change, propose countermeasures and suggestions of wetland protection and rational use, the EIA from the wetland resources and the ecological environment, wetland biological diversity, human disturbance of wetlands, socio-economic aspect of wetland and surrounding areas and wetland protection and management five parts establish wetland ecological monitoring system (see Table 8.2-2), to reflect the wetland protection project effect on wetland resources and ecosystem protection, provide a basis for wetland management departments macro decision.

183 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Table 8.2-1 Project construction period environmental monitoring plan The The element Monitori Monitoring Supervi implemen Responsibl Project s of the ng Monitoring sites frequency sion ting e agencies environ projects and time bodies agencies ment Fifth community of Baita village, Fourth community Infrastru of Beiguan village, Ninth cture Zhangye Zhangye community of Nanhua Monitor one construct sound LAeq environme Supervision city village, First community day during ion ntal company or environm of Chengerzha village, project project monitoring owner ental third community of construction station protectio Qingsong village period n Bureau Wetland protectio sound LAeq Construction site boundary n project

Table 8.2-2 Wetland monitoring system Monitoring content Monitoring factor Index Wetland resources Area, type, distribution Rainfall, evaporation, temperature, humidity, wind Meteorological direction and wind speed, sunshine hours, the total amount of radiation Wetland resources and Surface runoff , surface and underground water ecological environment level, sediment loss, and runoff total suspended Hydro-geological solids , water quality level, water quality chemical composition and PH value Soil bulk density, organic matter content, PH value, Soil cation exchange capacity, heavy metals content Plant species, indicator plant species, higher plant Wetland plants species aggregation, higher plant species richness, diversity index, population density, existing biomass Wetland biodiversity Animal species, the number of animal species, Wetland animals animal population agglomeration, animal species richness, diversity index, population density Wetland microbial Microbial species, population density, biomass Development and Requisition area, use intensity, breeding, hunting, Wetland human utilization tourism and leisure disturbance Major pollution TSP、SO2、NOX、BOD5、COD、TOD、Solid waste, indicators pesticide residues Population, population density, population growth Population Wetland surrounding rate areas social-economy Constituent ratio and Gross Output Value of Industry Industry status and Agriculture, farmers ' per capita income Protection legislation, regulations, protection Wetland protection Wetland protection and measures management Wetland Management agencies, management methods, management management tools, management measures

(ii) Infrastructure construction

184 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Infrastructure construction operation period impact mainly refers to sound environmental impact of the construction and operation of road construction on the surrounding environmental sensitive points. Monitoring plans are shown in Table 8.2-3.

Table 8.2-3 infrastructure construction project operation period environmental monitoring plan The elements Monitoring The Supervis Monitoring Responsibl of the Monitoring sites frequency and implementing ion projects e agencies environment time agencies bodies Yu xiu hua yuan, Environm Jin an shui xiang, 2 times/year ental Shui jing hua Project (January and protectio Acoustic yuan and Ning he Entrusted operation LAeq July), n bureau environment yuan residential monitoring unit manageme Each time of area, planned nt agency monitor 1 day Zhangye schools and city hospitals

8.2.4 Monitoring report system

After completion of monitoring work, monitoring unit should submit the official monitoring report, in accordance with procedures report to upper level authority. During the construction period should have monthly, quarterly and annual reports, during the operating period should have quarterly and annual reports. In case of sudden accident, must be immediately reported. The project monitoring reporting procedure is shown in Figure 8.2-1.

Environmental protection Project management agency bureau of Gansu province

Environmental protection Environmental supervision bureau of Zhangye city agency

Figure 8.2-1 monitoring reporting procedure

8.3 Environmental protection personal training

In accordance with the requirement principle of the environmental management system, after the development of environmental management plans, the most important thing is to implement the institutions and personnel, institutions should have clear and hierarchy responsibilities, and responsibility is rely on people to perform. Therefore, through the environmental protection staff training so that they can understand their responsibilities and functions, directly related to the implementation of environmental responsibility and environmental performance is good or bad, in particular to enable them to realize that once due to negligence or dereliction of their duties, will bring what kind of environment accident or serious consequences.

185 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report In order to minimize the impact on the environment during project construction period and operation period, and make the implementation of environmental mitigation measures in place proposed in report, need to conduct environmental protection knowledge training for relevant personnel in relevant agencies.

The proposed project's environmental training program is shown in Table 8.3-1.

Table 8.3-1 Project environmental protection personnel training programs Training Number Training Category Training objectives and contents stage of people period ①Compliance with environmental laws and regulations; ②Pollution prevention and environmental protection; ③ objectives Continuous improvement of environmental performance requirements; ④Effective implementation of environmental protection measures proposed in the EIA report. During Project ①Environmental protection laws, constructio 2 1 week contractor regulations, standards and n period environmental management knowledge of construction projects; ②Basic knowledge of environmental monitoring; contents ③Environmental monitoring law enforcement-related provisions; ④Environmental engineering supervision technology； ⑤Environmental management standards and management personal basic quality training

8.4 "Three simultaneous" acceptance list

"Three simultaneous" acceptance list of the proposed project is shown in Table 8.4-1.

Table 8.4-1 "Three simultaneous" acceptance list Engineerin Project Project Environmental protection measures g links content By examining the environmental supervision and manage files, view project-related During documents and procedures are available, the construction period environmental constructio management measures are implemented, the construction period have disturbing n period events or pollution events. Solid waste Litter bins collection Wetland District-level protection station and the monitoring Operation Domestic protection center set up eco-toilet for staff domestic wastewater period wastewater project treatment Protecting Set up warning signs, billboards warning sighs to ecological protect vegetation and wildlife habitat

186 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Engineerin Project Project Environmental protection measures g links content environment security

Every 100 meters along the road set rubbish containers Solid waste or bins to facilitate crossing pedestrians 1. Trunk road sections set carts (except buses) forbidding signs; Acoustic 2. in the important sensitive points (schools, hospitals) environment sections set speed limit, no horning signs in the vicinity Infrastruct in order to mitigate the effects of noise; ure non-motorized traffic separation, part of the sidewalk constructi Eco-environment and road slope and other parts set the green belt; on project Water Rain water drainage port setting sedimentation tank environment collect will the first 10 minutes rain Environmental By checking the environment supervision and management and managing files, checks that the project has set up and environmental improve HSE management institutions and systems monitoring

187 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report

IX. ECONOMIC PROFIT OR LOSS ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT construction of Gansu infrastructure development and wetland protection project (Zhangye) is intended to restore, protect, manage wetland, to improve urban ecological environment; through protection and restoration of existing wetland to maintain wetland biodiversity and wetland system structure, function integrity, for illegal human encroachment of urban wetland it should be restored according to the law, stressing the region style of "lush southern-type fields beyond Great Wall". For infrastructure development engineering, social and economic benefits is significant after the completion of the project. Through the wetland protection and infrastructure development to promote urban location advantage, optimize regional investment environment, strengthen regional economic activity.

9.1 Eco-efficiency analysis

Wetland are the land resources and important natural resources, is same as forests and oceans, is the ecological landscape with nature's richest biodiversity and one of humankind's most important living environment, its ecological benefits are significant.

9.1.1 Restore wetland ecological functions, protect water resources

Project construction has an important role in the restoration and protection of wetland resources in Ganzhou district. Wetland can provide a supplementary for underground aquifers; can stockpile excessive precipitation during rainstorm and river flood period, runoff out evenly, weaken against floods in the lower; help to slow the speed of water flow, when the water containing toxins and impurities (pesticides, domestic sewage and industrial emissions) flows through wetland, velocity slows down, which is in favor of sedimentation and removal of toxins and impurities. In addition, some wetland plants such as reeds, shuihu Lotus can effectively absorb toxic substances. In real life, many wetlands can be used as small sewage treatment place, this process can improve the quality of water, which is good for people's life and production. So protect wetland is to protect natural water storage system, thus protect water resources and improve the water quality of water resources.

9.1.2 Maintenance eco-security of Zhangye Oasis

The project area is located all over the Zhangye urban area, is close to urban areas, is an important natural ecological barrier in Zhangye city, which will help improve the micro-climate, reduce wind-blown sand hazard in Zhangye city. Huge water conservation functions of wetland plays an important role in maintaining groundwater resources balance of Zhangye Oasis.

9.1.3 Maintain biological diversity

Nutrient cycle value of wetland ecosystem and the value as biological habitat and shelters

188 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report are mainly used for the maintenance of biodiversity, provide eco-barrier for the continued urban development.

Biodiversity of wetland occupies a very important position. A lot of wild fauna and flora of Ganzhou district rely on wetland survival and reproduction. The natural wetland dominated by river wetland and marsh provides plenty of food for birds, fish and a good live space for species, plays an important role in species preservation and species diversity conservation.

Biodiversity of the wetland system cannot only effectively ensure the stability of the system, play ecological benefits, as well as the important gene pool of species in the ecosystem, which can increase the genetic diversity of populations, but also can create an artificial system of close to nature, create a coordinating and coexisting habitat for flora and fauna.

9.1.4 Mitigate flood, prevent natural disaster

Wetland has a very prominent function in controlling floods and regulating stream flow. Wetland plays an important role in water conservation, stream flow regulation, groundwater recharge and regional water balance maintenance, is the natural “sponges” of water storage and flood control. seasonal and annual distribution of precipitation in Ganzhou district are not uniform, through regulation of natural and artificial wetland, store excessive water from rainfall, rivers, so as to avoid flooding or drought to ensure the industrial and agricultural production has a steady water supply.

9.1.5 Regulate regional climate

Evaporation of wetland can manufacture rainfall in the nearby area, so that provide stable climate conditions, which with the effects of regional climate regulation. The climate around Wetlands in general is mild and humid compared to other regions. In addition, wetland mist can also remove material such as dust and particles in the atmosphere, clean air, improve the quality of ambient air. Wetland are a huge reservoir, can stockpile excessive precipitation during rainstorm and river flood period, let off runoff out evenly, weaken against floods in the lower; it can be a part of the system from wetland to groundwater aquifers.

9.1.6 Improve and beautify the environment

Wetland purifying and filtering refers to the unique of wetland’s adsorption, degradation, and excluding of contaminants, suspended solids, nutrients in water, make potential pollutants into resources process, which primarily consists interactions between filtration process of complex interfaces, diversity bio-communities and its environment. Wetland is a "deposit box" and "translator", which can impound suspended solids in runoff, remove and fixe nutrients, and toxic substances, and precipitate sediments and other substances, reduce nutrients in soil and water, toxic substances and contaminants or make it into other forms. Wetland plants such as reeds are widely distributed, root system are developed, can penetrate 40 cm of soil, has strong adsorption to metallic and non-metallic substances, thereby reduce the pollution of sewage to water. wetland will become natural places of

189 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report diluting and purify sewage, due to the large differences with urban common landscapes, it forms the special biological habitat in the city, with beautiful environment, fresh air, high oxygen content, low bacterial level, less dust, no noise, is highly favorable to human physical and mental health, is a good eco-tourism environment and excellent health infirmary places.

Rich wetland water space, diverse floating and emergent plants on the water surface, as well as birds and fish are all filled with the spirit of nature, which can calm people. With the rapid development of the modern city, more and more people desire to return to nature, urban wetland with its own unique features can meet the psychological demand of urban residents, make it be the entertainment places for many city residents. And the image of modern cities is require to increase urban water culture, increase the water area, so that artificial water systems is blending with the natural water features, and let more people get close to nature and enjoy nature.

190 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report X. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

10.2.4 Public participation and survey method

Taking into account the constraints of time, manpower, resources and other factors, in order to ensure broad public participation at the same time can get feedback information timely and effectively, the public participation major use the method of survey and known to the public web site before the evaluation work carried out, consult observations and recommendations of the project from unit and individual within project area on Gansu infrastructure development and wetland protection project (Zhangye).

The aim is to let public understand the content that impact the engineering and environment status within the project area through public participation, so to master the important environmental issues that the public interest in.

In the EIA report preparing process, in ADB's medium-term session (September 27, 2010), in the form of public hearings to consult comments and suggestions of Zhangye and Ganzhou district administration departments on the project construction. Departments participate in the hearings are municipal and district DRC, homeland, religion, health, environmental, construction, planning, Communist Youth League, Women's Federation and other related departments.

After the environmental impact assessment completed, in Ganzhou online website published “the second publicity notification of environmental impact assessment on ADB financed Gansu (Zhangye) urban infrastructure development and wetland protection project", to post main conclusions of EIA work to the public.

10.3 Public participation and questionnaire and result statistics

10.3.1 Questionnaire design

Questionnaire content is simple, popular, easy to understand, avoid potential problems that may cause visible inducement to the public.

10.3.2 Questionnaire distribution

The distribution scope of the questionnaire: in principle, it should be consistent with the scope of environmental impact assessment. Public participation of this project EIA is intended primarily for projects directly affected Xindun town. Understand views and suggestions from the public in the project affected regional.

The distribution number of questionnaires: according to the specific circumstances of the project, considering the scope and extent of environmental impact, social concerns, human and material resources required by organizing public participation and any other relevant factors to determine that the number of project EIA public participation questionnaires is 100,

191 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report of which 90 questionnaire for individuals, 10 questionnaire for enterprises.

10.3.3 Survey methods

For different targets, respectively take field investigation and entrusted investigation approaches to conduct public participation questionnaire survey.

① field investigation: to distribute the survey questions presented in a standard manner and order to the public, and in the form of random visits on site within survey area to solicit, collect public views, opinions and recommendations on wetland protection and greening engineering in Zhangye Ganzhou district. ②entrusted investigation: questionnaire related to government agencies and departments are delegated to, Gansu Zhangye Industrial Park Administrative Committee staff to finish, and require investigation participated unit to affix official seals.

By this way, the distribution of questionnaires, recovering and answer sheets situation are shown in table 10.3-1. From the table we can see, the distribution of questionnaires, recovering and answer of the public participation in this questionnaire can meet investigation requirements.

Table 10.3-1 distribution, recovering and answer situation of various types of questionnaires Distributio Recovering situation Answered situation item Referred n Recovered Standard Recovering Standard targets number(sh number number rate（%） rate（%） eet) （sheet） （sheet） For Inhabitant 90 90 100 90 100 personnel Related For unit 10 10 100 10 100 units Total public 100 100 100 100 100

10.3.4 Basic statistics of the targets

(1) Surveyed individuals

Fundamental statistics of personnel accept the public participation questionnaire survey is shown in table 10.3-2.

Table 10.3-2 personal details statistics of surveyed individuals personal details of surveyed individuals number（person） ration（%） Sex male 13 13 female 87 87 Age < 30 years old 7 7 30～50 80 80 > 50 years old 13 13

192 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report personal details of surveyed individuals number（person） ration（%） Educational Junior College or above 6 6 degree Senior High School 9 9 Junior High School 55 55 Elementary School or below 30 30 Occupation Farmer 63 63 Civil servant 5 5 Worker 18 18 Others 14 14

It can be seen from table 10.3-2, among survey participating individuals, male 13, accounting for 13% of the total population surveyed, women 87, 87%; Less than 30 years old respondents 7, 7%;30~50 people 80, 80%; More than 50 years old 13, 13%; education in junior college or above respondents 6, 6%; senior high school 9, 9%; junior high school 55, 55%, primary school and below 30, 30%; farmers 63, 63%, civil servant 5, 5%, worker 18, 18%; other persons, including people unemployed people and the masses14, 14%.

As you can see, general characteristics of surveyed people are: mainly young people, junior high school educational degree is as most, respondents’ occupation are farmers, workers, civil servants, unemployed people and the masses, mostly farmers. Views, opinions and recommendations expressed by the surveyed population can basically represent the opinions and recommendations of local permanent residents, which have a certain representation.

(2) Surveyed units

Surveyed units are Zhangye municipal and other local governments directly affected by the project and local authorities associated with the development and construction of wetland protection and greening projects, these views and recommendations of the unit can reflect the views and suggestions of local authorities and relevant departments on the project, which have a certain representation.

The units accept the public participation surveys are: Zhangye Municipal Committee and Ganzhou Committee of the CPC, Zhangye Municipal Government, Ganzhou District Government, Ganzhou District Development and Reform Commission, Ganzhou District Water Affair Bureau Ganzhou District Planning and Design Bureau, Ganzhou District Financial Bureau, Ganzhou District Forestry Bureau and Ganzhou District Transport Bureau.

10.3.5 Statistics and analysis of survey results

(1) Personal questionnaire

Answering situation of personal questionnaire statistics and analysis see table 10.3-3.

Table 10.3-3 shows that among respondents, there were 98% people understand the project, 2% does not understand the proposed project; 100% are quite satisfactory with

193 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report environmental quality status around the proposed project; 99% said the project construction can improve local working and living environment, 1% doesn't determine whether construction of the proposed projects will help improve local work and life quality; 72% realizes that the construction of the project have a favorable impact on local air quality, 1% realizes that the construction of the project have a negative impact on local air quality, 27% don't determine whether the construction of the project has what impact on local air quality; 70% thought that the construction of the project will had a favorable impact on local water quality, 30% does not determine whether the construction of the project has an impact on local water quality; 64% thought that the construction of the project will have a beneficial effect on sound environment (noise) quality, 11% thought that the construction of the project adversely affect the quality of sound environment (noise), 25% don't determine whether the construction of the project will have an effect on quality of sound environment (noise); 73% people think that the implementation of the projects generally have a positive impact on environmental quality of the wetland protected area, 27% don't determine whether the implementation of the project generally have an impact on environmental quality of the wetland protected area; 70% people think that the implementation of the projects is beneficial to the wetland ecosystems, 30% does not determine the implementation of the project has what kind of impacts on wetland ecosystems; 100%, realize that the construction of the project will be benefit on regional economic development; When problems involved in engineering building demolition, 2% people will oppose the construction of the project, 96% agree to grant financial compensation, 2% agrees to grant other remedies; 91% people support construction of the project, 3% object, 6% do not care about it.

Table 10.3-3 Personal questionnaire answering situation statistics

Counts ＃ Questions Options ratio（%） （sheet） Do you know the construction of Zhangye Yes 98 98 1 wetland protection and Binhe New District infrastructure development project? No 2 2 Yes 100 100 Do you satisfy with the local environmental 2 No 0 0 quality status？ Unsure 0 0 Yes 99 99 Will the construction help improve local work 3 No 0 0 and life environment？ Unsure 1 1 Yes 72 72 How do you think about the impact of project on 4 No 1 1 local air quality? No impact 27 27 Yes 70 70 How do you think about the impact of project on 5 No 0 0 local water quality?？ No impact 30 30

How do you think about the impact of project on Yes 64 64 6 local acoustic quality? No 11 11

194 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Counts ＃ Questions Options ratio（%） （sheet） No impact 25 25 Yes 73 73 How do you think about the impact of project 7 generally on environmental quality within No 0 0 wetland protection area? No impact 27 27 Yes 70 70 How do you think about the impact of project on 8 No 0 0 ecosystem within wetland protection area? No impact 30 30 Yes 100 100 How do you think about the impact of project on 9 No 0 0 regional economic development？ No impact 0 0 Oppose 2 2 financial How do you think about building demolition of 96 96 10 compensation the project？ other 2 2 remedies Support 91 91 How do you think about the construction of 11 Oppose 3 3 project？ Do not care 6 6 From an environmental point of view, do you have any comments and suggestions on the construction and operation?

From the analysis of above statistics data, it can be thought that surveyed masses are satisfy with currently local natural environment status, mainly concerned problems are environment air pollution, surface water pollution, noise pollution, ecological environment effect and demolition compensation, most surveyed individuals understand the project well, think after engineering implementation, it will improve local natural environment, which is in favor of protecting ecological system of the area, and think engineering implementation is in favor of local economic development and improving the people living standard, hold an supportive attitude on engineering.

From an environmental point of view, public makes the following several points on the construction and operation of the project:

¾ Take preventive measures on the engineering transporting vehicles ¾ Control mechanical noise during construction

For the above comments, we answer patiently questions asked by public, through environmental protection measures of construction and strengthening environmental management, these adverse effects can be reduced to a minimum.

Because project may involve relocation, engineering relocation will inevitably have an impact on the production and lives of the masses during a period of time. Construction units will relocate the masses through financial compensation, and in conjunction with the local

195 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report government to solve livings of the residents after relocation based on the policy properly, to avoid social problems caused by inappropriate placement and environment damaging issue.

10.3.6 Public participation and survey conclusions

Through statistics and analysis of questionnaire investigation results from different participation objects, it can be seen that surveyed masses are satisfy with currently local natural environment status, mainly concerned problems are environment air pollution, surface water pollution, noise pollution, ecological environment effect and demolition compensation, most surveyed individuals understand the project well, think after engineering implementation, it will improve local natural environment, which is in favor of protecting ecological system of the area, and think engineering implementation is in favor of local economic development and improving the people living standard, hold an supportive attitude on engineering. Some people are willing to work as obligations supervisors of the project to monitor project development.

10.4 Public hearings all administrative competent sectors of Zhangye and Ganzhou district heard the basic situation of ADB financed Gansu infrastructure development and the wetland protection(Zhangye) project introduced by Ma Chao, deputy chief of Ganzhou district Financial Bureau and director of ADB Project Management Office, technical assistant expert group members introduce the technical assistant develop progress respectively from environmental protection, social and resettlement aspects, describes has technical aid situation, representatives of units all support ADB financed Gansu infrastructure development and the wetland protection(Zhangye) project, after complementation the project will play an actively role in economic social development, especially ecological protection.

10.5 public participation and public notification

The EIA has two times publicity in the process of public participation, first time held in "Ganzhou Online" website on May 13, 2011, which preliminary describes the content and evaluation unit basic situation of ADB financed Gansu infrastructure development and the wetland protection (Zhangye) project, evaluates work program, the main content, main content of public views and way and channel of public views making.

After preliminary EIA report is completed, environmental impact assessment units will put the main conclusions and measures of EIA on "Ganzhou online" website for publicity, to seek advice from the public.

Up to now, EIA units and the construction unit have not received public feedback on the project.

196 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report XI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

ADB financed Gansu infrastructure development and the wetland protection (Zhangye) project is located in Ganzhou district，Zhangye city， Gansu province, project includes two parts of Zhangye northern suburb wetland protection sub-project and Binhe New District infrastructure development, construction content of wetland protection project mainly includes construction of wetland protection station, monitoring center, education and publicity center, and rescue service center, boundary marker, boundary table, watch tower and other buildings, returning farmland to swamp project, wetland vegetation recovery project, the habitat recovering project and so on. Infrastructure project composed by road network, water supply, sewage and rainwater pipe network projects in Binhe New District. Zhangye Heihe wetland national nature reserve experimental area of Ganzhou district located in Zhangye northern suburb wetland, so construction contents of wetland protection located in Zhangye Heihe wetland national nature reserve experimental area.

Zhangye Heihe wetland national nature reserve is the "natural ecosystem type", "types of inland wetland and aquatic ecosystem". The main protected objects is the typical inland river wetland, aquatic ecosystem and biological diversity; key channel and habitat for rare wetland birds and bird-migration represented by the black stork; Important water conservation and aquatic habitats in middle and lower reaches of Heihe river; Oasis vegetation and typical continental river flow natural landscape in northwestern desert.

Through onsite surveys and access to relevant data, within the scope impacted by wetland protection project there are two species of rare and endangered animal of eagle owl and upland buzzard, distributed in northern region of Heihe River bank and within the middle of the region, there are no rare plant species distributed in project area.

Through engineering analysis and environmental impact recognition, combined with the environment features and protection goals of nature protection area, the EIA clear project construction and operational impacts on nature reserves, take targeted mitigation measures against the adverse effects.

11.1.7 General conclusions

ADB financed Gansu infrastructure development and the wetland protection (Zhangye) project includes two parts: Zhangye northern suburb wetland protection and Binhe New District infrastructure development.

Wetland protection project is aim to protect wetland ecosystem formed together by the rare water birds and its habitats, develop wetland restoration, wetland protection, biodiversity conservation, scientific research, education and publicity, ecological construction and other general engineering. Wetland protection project works located in the experimental area of Zhangye Heihe wetland national nature reserve, the project within experimental area has been agreed principally by Zhangye Heihe River Basin Wetland Management Bureau, project implementation has better eco-efficiency. Through the recovery and governance of

197 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report degraded wetland, to form natural wetland protection system, improve the trend of wetland area shrinking and functions degradation, which protect wetland and biodiversity effectively; at the same time, through wetland protection project, strengthen capacity-building in wetland resource monitoring, education and publicity training, scientific research, management system and so on, improve integrated wetland protection, management and rational utilization level within project area, to achieve sustainable utilization of wetland resources.

Wetland protection project construction will result in an adverse effect on ecological environment of Zhangye Heihe wetland nature reserve, but effect degree is more light, effect range is smaller, through strengthening environment management during construction and operations, under the condition of strictly implementation the EIA took measures, project construction implementation does not produce an obvious adverse effect on nature reserve, environment effect during construction does not affect wetland environment function and ecological function.

Infrastructure development project complies with Zhangye master plan, project construction is conducive to improve the urban and rural residential environment, accelerate the extension and reconstruction process of Zhangye city, increase the overall carrying capacity and radiating capacity, promote the construction of ecological civilization in Zhangye city, enhance the sustainability of the city.

Implementation of infrastructure projects will have a certain negative impact on eco-environment, water environment, sound environments, ambient air, and social environment and so on during construction and operation. As long as the construction unit can seriously implement the environmental protection measures taken in the environmental impact report during construction, strictly implement the system of "Three Simultaneities", the negative impact of the project is under control, and can achieve environmental acceptable level, analysis from the angle of environmental protection, the construction of this project are reasonable and feasible.

11.2 Recommendations

(1) Wetland protection project takes wetland eco-system for the purpose, is an environmental protection project and is recommended to strengthen wetland ecological monitor and master wetland dynamic change, to provide the scientific basis for rational protection and utilization of wetland resources of wetland management departments. (2) Strengthen environmental management and supervision work during construction; coordinate relationships between the project construction and stakeholders during construction, to minimize the environmental impact of construction. (3) Arrange reasonably construction time series of the various subprojects, unify to deploy earthwork volume, strictly comply with design and environmental protection measures taken by EIA, implement environmental protection investments.

198 Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 12 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report (4) Strictly implement environmental protection measures taken by EIA, strengthen acoustic environmental quality monitoring at sensitive points, to take targeted noise reduction measures based on the monitoring results. (5) Entrust to develop geological exploration design and environmental impact assessment work of the third water supply plant in Zhangye city as soon as possible. (6) Taking into account that commercial finance and market fairs are as the main functions of Binhe New District in the future, in accordance with relevant provisions of the environmental quality standards, recommend to adjust acoustic environment functional zoning in Binhe New District, change its acoustic environmental function into classes 2 area, in order to accommodate future development of Binhe New District.

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