I3ll Sea-Level Indicators on Tectonically Stable Islands
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Wisconsinan and Sangamonian Type Sections of Central Illinois
557 IL6gu Buidebook 21 COPY no. 21 OFFICE Wisconsinan and Sangamonian type sections of central Illinois E. Donald McKay Ninth Biennial Meeting, American Quaternary Association University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, May 31 -June 6, 1986 Sponsored by the Illinois State Geological and Water Surveys, the Illinois State Museum, and the University of Illinois Departments of Geology, Geography, and Anthropology Wisconsinan and Sangamonian type sections of central Illinois Leaders E. Donald McKay Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois Alan D. Ham Dickson Mounds Museum, Lewistown, Illinois Contributors Leon R. Follmer Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois Francis F. King James E. King Illinois State Museum, Springfield, Illinois Alan V. Morgan Anne Morgan University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada American Quaternary Association Ninth Biennial Meeting, May 31 -June 6, 1986 Urbana-Champaign, Illinois ISGS Guidebook 21 Reprinted 1990 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Morris W Leighton, Chief 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/wisconsinansanga21mcka Contents Introduction 1 Stopl The Farm Creek Section: A Notable Pleistocene Section 7 E. Donald McKay and Leon R. Follmer Stop 2 The Dickson Mounds Museum 25 Alan D. Ham Stop 3 Athens Quarry Sections: Type Locality of the Sangamon Soil 27 Leon R. Follmer, E. Donald McKay, James E. King and Francis B. King References 41 Appendix 1. Comparison of the Complete Soil Profile and a Weathering Profile 45 in a Rock (from Follmer, 1984) Appendix 2. A Preliminary Note on Fossil Insect Faunas from Central Illinois 46 Alan V. -
Lexicon of Pleistocene Stratigraphic Units of Wisconsin
Lexicon of Pleistocene Stratigraphic Units of Wisconsin ON ATI RM FO K CREE MILLER 0 20 40 mi Douglas Member 0 50 km Lake ? Crab Member EDITORS C O Kent M. Syverson P P Florence Member E R Lee Clayton F Wildcat A Lake ? L L Member Nashville Member John W. Attig M S r ik be a F m n O r e R e TRADE RIVER M a M A T b David M. Mickelson e I O N FM k Pokegama m a e L r Creek Mbr M n e M b f a e f lv m m i Sy e l M Prairie b C e in Farm r r sk er e o emb lv P Member M i S ill S L rr L e A M Middle F Edgar ER M Inlet HOLY HILL V F Mbr RI Member FM Bakerville MARATHON Liberty Grove M Member FM F r Member e E b m E e PIERCE N M Two Rivers Member FM Keene U re PIERCE A o nm Hersey Member W le FM G Member E Branch River Member Kinnickinnic K H HOLY HILL Member r B Chilton e FM O Kirby Lake b IG Mbr Boundaries Member m L F e L M A Y Formation T s S F r M e H d l Member H a I o V r L i c Explanation o L n M Area of sediment deposited F e m during last part of Wisconsin O b er Glaciation, between about R 35,000 and 11,000 years M A Ozaukee before present. -
The Eemian - Local Sequences, Global Perspectives: Introduction
Geologie en Mijnbouw / Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 79 (2/3): 129-133 (2000) The Eemian - local sequences, global perspectives: introduction Thijs van Kolfschoten1 & Philip L. Gibbard2 1 Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA LEIDEN, the Netherlands; Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Godwin Institute of Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EN, England; e-mail:[email protected] Received: May 2000; accepted in revised form: 20 June 2000 G The history of this special issue gation and discussion on the Middle/Late Pleistocene boundary on the original type area of the Eemian in The history of this volume goes back to a 1973 IN- the Netherlands. The Eemian sequence was often QUA congress in New Zealand, where an INQUA used as reference and furthermore the term 'Eemian' Commission of Stratigraphy working group on major was widely used to identify the last interglacial far be subdivisions of the Pleistocene was established. The yond western central Europe. Examination of the Pleistocene series/epoch was hitherto generally subdi available data from the Eemian type area showed that vided into the Lower/Early, Middle and Upper/Late a re-evaluation of existing data and collection of criti Pleistocene (see, among others, Zeuner, 1935, 1959) cal new data were needed to define an unambiguous but the boundaries between these subseries/sube- stratigraphical boundary. Although the identification pochs were not formally defined. The boundary be of boundaries is central to stratigraphical subdivision, tween the Early and Middle Pleistocene was, in the it is nevertheless the Eemian as an entity that is of European literature, put at the base of the Cromerian particular interest for understanding the development Complex (Zagwijn, 1963) or at the Brunhes/Matuya- of a complete interglacial cycle. -
Glacial Geology of the Vandalia, Illinois, Region
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE i42 ILLINOtS GEOLOGICAL provided by Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship... S SURVEY LIBRARY 14.GS: CIR442 STATE ILLINOIS c. 1 OF DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION GLACIAL GEOLOGY OF THE VANDALIA. ILLINOIS. REGION Alan M. Jacobs Jerry A. Lineback CIRCULAR 442 1969 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY URBANA, ILLINOIS 61801 John C. Frye, Chief Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/glacialgeologyof442jaco GLACIAL GEOLOGY OF THE VANDALIA, ILLINOIS, REGION Alan M. Jacobs and Jerry A. Lineback ABSTRACT Deposits and soils of the Kansan, Yarmouthian, Illinoian, Sangamonian, and Wisconsinan Stages are pre- sent in the region surrounding Vandalia (south-central), Illinois. Kansan till exposures, with a truncated Yarmouth Soil, are exposed at a few places. The unaltered till is sandy and silty M and its less than 2-micron size fraction contains abundant illite and more calcite than dolomite. The Smithboro till (lowermost Illinoian) is relatively silty, plastic, and its less than 2-micron size fraction contains more dolomite than calcite and more expandable clay min- erals than any till in this region. The overlying Vandalia till (Illinoian) is relatively sandy, friable, and its less than 2-micron size fraction contains abundant illite and more dolomite than calcite. The Mulberry Grove silt lies between the Vandalia and Smithboro tills at some localities. The Hagarstown beds (Illinoian) overlie the Vandalia till and consist of sand, gravel, poorly sorted gravel, and gravelly till. -
Stratigraphy and Pollen Analysis of Yarmouthian Interglacial Deposits
22G FRANK R. ETTENSOHN Vol. 74 STRATIGRAPHY AND POLLEN ANALYSIS OP YARMOUTHIAN INTERGLACIAL DEPOSITS IN SOUTHEASTERN INDIANA1 RONALD O. KAPP AND ANSEL M. GOODING Alma College, Alma, Michigan 48801, and Dept. of Geology, Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana 47374 ABSTRACT Additional stratigraphic study and pollen analysis of organic units of pre-Illinoian drift in the Handley and Townsend Farms Pleistocene sections in southeastern Indiana have provided new data that change previous interpretations and add details to the his- tory recorded in these sections. Of particular importance is the discovery in the Handley Farm section of pollen of deciduous trees in lake clays beneath Yarmouthian colluvium, indicating that the lake clay unit is also Yarmouthian. The pollen diagram spans a sub- stantial part of Yarmouthian interglacial time, with evidence of early temperate and late temperate vegetational phases. It is the only modern pollen record in North America for this interglacial age. The pollen sequence is characterized by extraordinarily high per- centages of Ostrya-Carpinus pollen, along with Quercus, Pinus, and Corylus at the beginning of the record; this is followed by higher proportions of Fagus, Carya, and Ulmus pollen. The sequence, while distinctive from other North American pollen records, bears recogniz- able similarities to Sangamonian interglacial and postglacial pollen diagrams in the southern Great Lakes region. Manuscript received July 10, 1973 (73-50). THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 74(4): 226, July, 1974 No. 4 YARMOUTH JAN INTERGLACIAL DEPOSITS 227 The Kansan glaeiation in southeastern Indiana as discussed by Gooding (1966) was based on interpretations of stratigraphy in three exposures of pre-Illinoian drift (Osgood, Handley, and Townsend sections; fig. -
The History of Ice on Earth by Michael Marshall
The history of ice on Earth By Michael Marshall Primitive humans, clad in animal skins, trekking across vast expanses of ice in a desperate search to find food. That’s the image that comes to mind when most of us think about an ice age. But in fact there have been many ice ages, most of them long before humans made their first appearance. And the familiar picture of an ice age is of a comparatively mild one: others were so severe that the entire Earth froze over, for tens or even hundreds of millions of years. In fact, the planet seems to have three main settings: “greenhouse”, when tropical temperatures extend to the polesand there are no ice sheets at all; “icehouse”, when there is some permanent ice, although its extent varies greatly; and “snowball”, in which the planet’s entire surface is frozen over. Why the ice periodically advances – and why it retreats again – is a mystery that glaciologists have only just started to unravel. Here’s our recap of all the back and forth they’re trying to explain. Snowball Earth 2.4 to 2.1 billion years ago The Huronian glaciation is the oldest ice age we know about. The Earth was just over 2 billion years old, and home only to unicellular life-forms. The early stages of the Huronian, from 2.4 to 2.3 billion years ago, seem to have been particularly severe, with the entire planet frozen over in the first “snowball Earth”. This may have been triggered by a 250-million-year lull in volcanic activity, which would have meant less carbon dioxide being pumped into the atmosphere, and a reduced greenhouse effect. -
Late Pleistocene Climate Change and Its Impact on Palaeogeography of the Southern Baltic Sea Region
Late Pleistocene climate change and its impact on palaeogeography of the southern Baltic Sea region Leszek Marks Polish Geological Institute–National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland Department of Climate Geology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Main items • Regional bakground for climatic impact of the Eemian sea • Outline of Eemian climate changes in the adjoining terrestrial area • Principles of Central European climate during the last glacial stage • Climate change at the turn of Pleistocene and Holocene Surface hydrography of the Baltic Sea PRESENT EEMIAN SALINITY OF SURFACE WATER: dark blue – >30‰, light blue – 25-30‰, brown – 15-25‰, yellow – 5-15‰, red – <5‰ CURRENTS INDICATED BY ARROWS: red – warm surface current, blue – cold bottom current, green – brackish surface current (≈10‰), stripped red/yellow – coastal water surface current (>15‰), yellow – major source of river runoff Funder 2002) Eemian sea in the Lower Vistula Valley Region Cierpięta research borehole Cierpięta Makowska (1986), modified Chronology of Eemian based on pollen stratigraphy RPAZ after Mamakowa (1988, 1989) Head et al. (2005) Correlation of Eemian LPAZ with RPAZ in southern Baltic region Knudsen et al. (2012) Chronology of Eemian sea in southern Baltic region Top of Eemian deposits ca. 8500–11 000 yrs Boundary E5/E6 7000 lat Top of marine Eemian deposits Boundary E4/E5 3000 yrs Boundary E3/E4 750 yrs Boundary E2/E3 300 yrs E1 or E2 <300 yrs Bottom of marine Eemian deposits Boundary Saalian/Eemian 0 (126 ka BP) Based on correlation with regional pollen -
Greenland Climate Simulations Show High Eemian Surface Melt Which Could Explain Reduced Total Air Content in Ice Cores
Clim. Past, 17, 317–330, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-317-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Greenland climate simulations show high Eemian surface melt which could explain reduced total air content in ice cores Andreas Plach1,2,3, Bo M. Vinther4, Kerim H. Nisancioglu1,5, Sindhu Vudayagiri4, and Thomas Blunier4 1Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway 2Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 3Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 4Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 5Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Correspondence: Andreas Plach ([email protected]) Received: 27 July 2020 – Discussion started: 18 August 2020 Revised: 27 November 2020 – Accepted: 1 December 2020 – Published: 29 January 2021 Abstract. This study presents simulations of Greenland sur- 1 Introduction face melt for the Eemian interglacial period (∼ 130000 to 115 000 years ago) derived from regional climate simula- tions with a coupled surface energy balance model. Surface The Eemian interglacial period (∼ 130000 to 115 000 years melt is of high relevance due to its potential effect on ice ago; hereafter ∼ 130 to 115 ka) was the last period with a core observations, e.g., lowering the preserved total air con- warmer-than-present summer climate on Greenland (CAPE tent (TAC) used to infer past surface elevation. An investi- Last Interglacial Project Members, 2006; Otto-Bliesner et al., gation of surface melt is particularly interesting for warm 2013; Capron et al., 2014). -
Late Quaternary Changes in Climate
SE9900016 Tecnmcai neport TR-98-13 Late Quaternary changes in climate Karin Holmgren and Wibjorn Karien Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University December 1998 Svensk Kambranslehantering AB Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co Box 5864 SE-102 40 Stockholm Sweden Tel 08-459 84 00 +46 8 459 84 00 Fax 08-661 57 19 +46 8 661 57 19 30- 07 Late Quaternary changes in climate Karin Holmgren and Wibjorn Karlen Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University December 1998 Keywords: Pleistocene, Holocene, climate change, glaciation, inter-glacial, rapid fluctuations, synchrony, forcing factor, feed-back. This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client. Information on SKB technical reports fromi 977-1978 {TR 121), 1979 (TR 79-28), 1980 (TR 80-26), 1981 (TR81-17), 1982 (TR 82-28), 1983 (TR 83-77), 1984 (TR 85-01), 1985 (TR 85-20), 1986 (TR 86-31), 1987 (TR 87-33), 1988 (TR 88-32), 1989 (TR 89-40), 1990 (TR 90-46), 1991 (TR 91-64), 1992 (TR 92-46), 1993 (TR 93-34), 1994 (TR 94-33), 1995 (TR 95-37) and 1996 (TR 96-25) is available through SKB. Abstract This review concerns the Quaternary climate (last two million years) with an emphasis on the last 200 000 years. The present state of art in this field is described and evaluated. The review builds on a thorough examination of classic and recent literature (up to October 1998) comprising more than 200 scientific papers. -
The Sangamonian Stage and the Laurentide Ice Sheet Le Sangamonien Et La Calotte Glaciaire Laurentidienne Die Sangamonische Zeit Und Die Laurentische Eisdecke Denis A
Document généré le 4 oct. 2021 02:19 Géographie physique et Quaternaire The Sangamonian Stage and the Laurentide Ice Sheet Le Sangamonien et la calotte glaciaire laurentidienne Die sangamonische Zeit und die laurentische Eisdecke Denis A. St-Onge La calotte glaciaire laurentidienne Résumé de l'article The Laurentide Ice Sheet La présente revue des travaux sur le Sangamonien (jusqu'à juin 1986) effectués Volume 41, numéro 2, 1987 dans des régions clés démontre qu'il n'y a pas encore de réponse satisfaisante à la question suivante: « À quel moment la glace, qui allait devenir la calotte URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/032678ar glaciaire laurentidienne, a-t-elle commencer à s'accumuler? » Dans la plupart DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/032678ar des régions, la séquence stratigraphique ne fait que signaler l'existence probable d'une période interglaciaire, sans toutefois permettre de déterminer le moment où la glace a commencé à s'accumuler après l'intervalle climatique Aller au sommaire du numéro chaud. Il existe toutefois quelques indices. Les sédiments d'un delta glaciolacustres de la Formation de Scarborough, dans la région de Toronto, et le Till de Bécancour, dans la région de Trois-Rivières, datent probablement du Éditeur(s) Sangamonien (sous-phases isotopiques marines 5d-b). Le Till d'Adam, dans les basses terres de la baie James, leur est probablement corrélatif. Dans les Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal régions atlantiques du Canada, en particulier à l'île du Cap-Breton, des restes de plantes indiquent que le climat au cours du Sangamonien moyen aurait été ISSN très semblable à celui de la période de 11 000 à 12 000 ans BP. -
Y of the Eemian Baltic Sea Discoveries in GEOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY of FINLAND Tutkimusraportti 102 Report of Investigation 102
TUTKIMUSRAPORTTI REPORT OF INVESTIGATION 102 y of the Eemian Baltic Sea discoveries in GEOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND Tutkimusraportti 102 Report of Investigation 102 Tuulikki Gränlund THE DIATOM STRATIGRAPHY OF THE EEMIAN BALTIC SEA ON THE BASIS OF SEDIMENT DISCOVERIES IN OSTROBOTHNIA, FINLAND Espoo 1991 Grönlund, T. 1991. The diatom stratigraphy of the Eemian Baltic Sea on the basis of sediment discoveries in Ostrobothnia, Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 102, 26 pages and 16 figures. Sediments from interglacial sites in Ostrobothnia, western Finland have been in vestigated for their diatom content. All the sites are correlated with the Eemian interglacial stage. The diatom successions of two of the sites, Norinkylä (Teuva) and Viitala (Perä• seinäjoki), begin with freshwater diatoms indicating deposition in a freshwater (great lake) basin. A rich marine diatom flora is found overlying the sediments with fresh water diatoms. The other sites Evijärvi, Ollala (Haapavesi) and Ukonkangas (Kär• sämäki), have also a similar marine flora with Grammatophora oceanica, Hyalodiscus scoticus, Paralia sulcata and Rhabdonema arcuatum as dominant species . The flora also includes many diatoms that mainly thrive in highly saline water and have not been found in Finland earlier. In the Ollala and Norinkylä deposits, there is a tran sition from marine to freshwater diatoms implying isolation from the sea. The marine deposits at the sites are interpreted as having been deposited in the Eemian Baltic Sea, and the freshwater sediments found beneath the marine deposits in a lake which occupied the Baltic basin and preceded the Eemian Baltic Sea. The history of the Eem!an Baltic Sea is discussed and a comparison is also made with the Holocene Baltic basin. -
Greenland Climate Simulations Show High Eemian Surface Melt Andreas Plach1, 2, 3, Bo M
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-101 Preprint. Discussion started: 18 August 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Greenland climate simulations show high Eemian surface melt Andreas Plach1, 2, 3, Bo M. Vinther4, Kerim H. Nisancioglu1, 5, Sindhu Vudayagiri4, and Thomas Blunier4 1Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway 2Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Austria 3Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland 4Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 5Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Correspondence: Andreas Plach ([email protected]) Abstract. This study presents simulations of Greenland surface melt for the Eemian interglacial period (~130000 to 115000 years ago) derived from regional climate simulations with a coupled surface energy balance model. Surface melt is of high relevance for ice core records because it can influence observations, e.g., lower the preserved total air content (TAC) used to infer past surface elevation. An investigation of surface melt is particularly interesting for warm periods, such as the Eemian interglacial 5 period, with enhanced surface melt. Furthermore, Eemian ice is the deepest and most compressed ice preserved on Greenland, which means that melt layers can not be identified visually. Therefore, a knowledge of potential melt layers would be advan- tageous. The simulations presented here show Eemian surface melt at all deep Greenland ice core locations. Estimated TAC, based on simulated melt during the Eemian, could explain the lower TAC observations: at the summit of Greenland (GRIP) a refreezing ratio of more than 25 % of the annual accumulation is simulated.