President's Communique Christine Caroppo THE THISTLE HILL SITE (AhHf-5) Philip Woodley Archaeology & Education Conference, University of Southampton Karolyn E.Smardz Heritage Policy Reviews: a.A.S. Brief Ontario Council of Archaeology Brief London Chapter, O.A.S. Brief 14th Annual O.A.S. Symposium, Ottawa, 1987 Toronto Chapter Meetings Reported by Annie Gould A HISTORY OF CERAMIC TABLEWARE IN ONTARIO, 1795-1890: HISTORICAL DATE RANGES Ian Kenyon 22 BOOK REVIEWS: "Archaeological Consulting In Ontario: Papers of the London Conference 1985" Reviewed by Susan M. Jamieson 26 "First Generations" Reviewed by John Steckley .30 "Approaches To Algonquian Archaeology" Reviewed by James Molnar 32 Letters To The Editor, from: Dr. Neal Trubowitz 34 Dr. Peter Reid 45 Press Cuttings: Old Indian Map 35 Dinosaur's Migration In Doubt 36 From The O.A.S. Office •••• 37 Passport To The Past -- Top Volunteer? 39 O.A.S. Annual Business Meeting 40 O.A.S. 1988 Executive Candidates 43 O.A.S. Chapters 47 a.A.S. Provincial Officers 48

newsletter published by The Ontario Archaeological Society . I~C. po. Box 241, Postal Station P, Toronto. Ontario. MSS 258 ARCH NOTES Published six times per annum by THE ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY P.O. Box 241, Postal Station P, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S8

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A NEWBERRY LIBRARY OONFERENCE case studies of economic relations ON THEMES IN between Indians and non-Indians, this AMERICAN INDIAN HIS1URY first "themes" conference will address Indian economic history. Authors have frequently characterized Indian economic life in the post- During the last decade we have contact period in terms of witnessed a quantwn leap in the dependency. They argue that native nwnber of books and articles communities have been drawn into published in American Indian history. relationships which undermine their Approximately 500 titles now appear self-sufficiency and destroy their each year, but this outpouring of new economic independence. During the literature has had a limited impact conference, scholars of Indian on our broader understanding of history and members of Indian American history. Textbooks mention communities who confront first hand Indians more frequently, but the many of the issues under discussion ex~riences of native peoples remain will explore the extent to which peripheral to the national narrative Indian economic history has been a and their impact on American culture struggle to overcome dependency. is rarely discussed. In the next several years a series of conferences The conference is open to the public at the Newberry Library will give free of charge. In addition, the teachers a fuller portrait of D'Arcy McNickle Center will offer a American Indian life while at the 50% travel and housing subsidy to a same time offering alternatives to nwnber of conference participants. simply "plugging" Indians into existing texts and courses. Specifically, the conferences will focus on interpretive themes in D'Arcy McNickle Center for the American Indian history, and will History of the American Indian examine their potential for both The Newberry Library illuminating native experiences and 60 West Walton Street integrating those experiences into Chicago, Illinois 60610 our history. Ontario Museum, Department of New World Archaeology. Dr. Graham plans a full Saturday, October 22, 1988, of invited speakers each of whom are Hello again! Well, the 14th Annual based in Ontario but who work abroad. Symposium hosted by the Ottawa So~e of the speakers will attempt to Chapter in October was a great draw conclusions about the human success. Cor~ratulations to the experience in prehistory and, using members of the Chapter and especially their results, show similarities or to those who served on the various differences with the recolu in committees involved in organizi~ Ontario. Other speakers will compare that event. Well done' approaches to the analysis of archaeological material. Plans are already afoot for the 1988 symposium which will be held in There will, of course, be our Toronto. The theme is "Ontario traditional Sunday morni~, October Archaeologists Abroad". It has been 23rd, Open Session. Any member who many years since we have had a wishes to give a paper during that symposium whose theme was not session should contact Robert Burgar, directly concerned with the at the Department of New World mainstream of Ontario prehistory. Archaeology, Royal Ontario Musewn, These "eccentric" SymJX>SiB, (416) 586-5730. "Experimental Archaeology" and "Art and Archaeology" , were very I think that this will be a most successful and extremely well- exciti~ and innovative s~nposium attended. While it may be argued providi~ a chance to compare notes that this is not the sort of theme with peers worki~ in different with which the Ontario Archaeological areas. There should be somethi~ of Society should deal I think that interest for students, avocationals, there are mitigati~ factors in this professionals and every group in instance. The largest of these between. I hope you will support us factors is the fact that less than by planni~ to attend and marki~ two weeks after our symposium the your calendar now. Eastern States Archaeological Federation will be havi~ their As this is my last Communique for meeti~s in Toronto, November 3 - 6, 1987 I would like to cast a glance 1988. ESAF is a very large backward and have a looliat the year organization and I fear that if we in review. The past year has been attempt to compete with them by punctuated by a number of crises, havi~ a similar theme we could be in large and small, and by some a I)Qsition of forci~ members to achievements for the Society worth decide which of the two symposia they remarki~ on here. Although our would rather attend. I hope that publishing progranooe was severely O.A.S. members will attend ESAF as handicapped by the death of Dr. well as our s)wposium and that those Richard Johnston early in the year we «ho wish to report on subjects now have a new editor for Ontario deali~ with Ontario archaeology will Archaeology, Dr. Peter Reid. We are take advantage of the potential of a grateful to Dr. Morgan Tamplin who very large audience and submit papers stepped into the breach and for presentation at the ESAF meeti~. volunteered to take on the task of The ESAF Programme Chairman is Dr. completi~ the two volumes Dick was Dean Knight and Mr. John Reid is in worki~ on before his death, Ontario charge of Local Arrangements. Archaeology, 46 and Monographs in Ontario Archaeology, 2. We hope to Our Programme Chair is Dr. Elizabeth be back on our traditional publishing Graham, a Mayanist with the Royal schedule of two OA's per year as soon as is humanly possible so we beg you the Society in the form of long to forward your manuscripts to the distance calls and travel eA~nses. editor with all due haste. This kind of communication as I mentioned in my last Communique is The a.A.S. participated in the vital to the continuance and well- Ministry of Culture & COlJununications' being of the Society. Lastly, it was review of heritage policy both at the also decided at the Annual Business Chapter and Society level. We are Meeting that there will be an promised that we will be part of election for the two Director future heritage policy review positions. Ballots are included in proceedings and as always we are open this issue. Please read the short to feedback from the membership on statements of the candidates: Ann this or any other matter. In other Balmer, Robert Burgar, Lise Ferguson liaison activities the executives of and Lawrence Jackson, which appear the a.A.S. and the Council for elsewhere in this issue. The other Ontario Archaeology met for positions are filled by acclamation. discussion during the Symposium. The I would like to take this opportunity meeting was very informative and to thank the members of my executive provided the necessary opportunity for all tileirwork this year and my for our two groups to understand one thanks go also to the members of all another's objectives. of the Chapter executives for their toil and trouble. I should single In other matters, we introduced the out and congratulate the London member's lapel pin which was a great Chapter and the Toronto Chapter on hit at the Symposium. It is the their tenth and fifth anniversaries, a.A.S. logo in gold and white and is respectively and to point out that a about the size of a nickel. Current new Chapter joined the fold this stocks are rapidly dwindling so year, the Niagara Chapter. Finally, contact Charles Garrad and proudly I would like to thank all those in sport your membership in Canada's appointed positions; the editor of largest archaeological organization this newsletter, Michael Kirby, and for only $2.00! In addition to the many other dedicated members who work member's pin we have produced a 25 hard for very little recognition. year pin which will be sent along Grateful thanks are also due to our with a certificate to those special ever vigilant Administrator, Charles members who have been with us for at Garrad, who always works above and least 25 years. This year we were beyond the call of duty. All of you pleased to be able to present eleven have made my job a lot easier. of these award pins at the Symposium banquet. At that same event I was honoured to be able to present the N01~ J. Emerson Silver Medal to Mrs. Alice Kennedy, widow of the t.hird recipient of the award, the late Clyde C. Kennedy. ARCH* * NaI'FS* * * is published with the assistance of At the Annual Business Meeting a the Ontario Government motion to increase membership fees through for 1988 was approved. This will be the MINISTRY of the first increase in three years and CULTURE AND ro1MlJNICATIaNS much needed in order to continue our standard services and to promote new * * * * * ones such as the Passport to the Past prograrrunelaunched this year and to help cover the costs of increased communication between Chapters and southern end of the north-south transect, but no cultural feature has yet been associated with them.

Thistle Hill (AhHf-5) is a Late Archaic A, great many flakes were found on site thought to be the first site in the surface during the initial survey, Ontario to contain a house structure outlining approximately a 15m by 15m from this early time period. The site area. The topsoil flake distribution was located while surveying ploughed along the north-south transect gives a fields for Dr. Peter Ramsden, distribution from 47 flakes per m2 at McMaster University, in the late the north end to 21 flakes per m2 at Spring of 1987. Permission was the south. The centre of the transect obtained to begin testing the site in contains 203 flakes per metre square. August of 1987. Testing was conducted Topsoil directly above the feature, from early August until mid-October excavated in 1m squares, contained a ['evealing what has been initially flake distribution ranging from 129 in interpreted as a pit house feature in the northeast corner to 864 in the the su bsoil. southwest corner. Topsoil from some feature units was excavated in A north-south transect 1m by 15m was arbitrary 5cm levels, revealing that initially excavated through what was most flakes are located within the thought to be the centre of the site. bottom 5cm. For example, unit 508-57 Topsoil was screened and the subsoil contained 864 flakes throughout the was checked for features. While topsoil, with 504 (58.33%) of them in excavating the east-west transect a the 20cm 25cm level immediately large oval-shaped feature was above the feature. uncovered. The feature is 3.65m by 2.5m and contains a large quantity of There was insufficient time available chert flakes and charcoal mixed during the 1987 field season to take throughout a mottled mixture of humic the time and care needed to excavate and some orange-yellow subsoil, with a the feature properly, so it was decided number of post-moulds situated near to postpone a complete trowel its edge. The edge of a second feature excavation until the summer of 1988. consisting of a similar matrix, was If further examination reveals more found near the first feature. Because information on Late Archaic pit of time restrictions the second feature houses, which it appears will be the was not uncovered, but there is a case, the Thistle Hill site will be the possibility it is a second pit house. first in Ontario, and possibly the Two post-moulds were located near the entire northeast, with such detailed structural information.

D-t.ltll."",.1I:0UMIT

~·C.UL~~ Announcing The 1988 Ontario Archaeological Society Symposium "Ontario Archaeologists Abroad"

October 22 & 23, 1988 at the Downtown YMCA, 20 Grosvenor St.,Toronto (Yonge north of College)

Saturday's programme will focus on the experiences of archaeologists who are based in Ontario, but whose research interests take them outside the province to various parts of the world. Though work from many of the world's regions, including the Far East, Middle East, Mediterranean, and Central America, will be represented, the emphasis will be on the nature of archaeological approaches to common problems, and on parallels elsewhere to the native American/Contact experience.

Please contact Robert Burgar, Dept. of New World Archaeology, Royal Ontario Museum (416) 586-5130, Programme Chair tor this session.

The Eastern States Archaeological Federation will meet in Toronto at the Westbury Hotel on November 3 - 6, 1988.

This will be the first time E.S.A.F.has met outside the United States in twenty-eight years. In 1960 the Ontario Archaeological Society was very much involved with that E.S.A.F. meeting and they are hoping that they can count on our membership again to participate.

Dean Knight will be the Program Chair and will be sending out a call for papers. symposium titles and ideas for tours and displays. The Local Arrangement Chair will be John Reid of the University of Toronto. ARCHAEX)J..(X}YAND EDUCATION Farm). A particularly entertaining OONFERENCE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF talk was given by Alistair Black, the SOlJI'HAMPI'ON, ENGLAND Hampshire County Advisor for Speech SEPTEMBER 18-20, 1987 and Drama, on the subject of "Drama in Archaeology - Chalk and Cheese?".

I Workshops were held on the afternoon The first international conference on of the 19th, and provided Archaeology and Education was held in participants with the opportunity to Southampton, England this September. visit the Southampton Museum and the Sponsored by the Council for British salvage excavation of a series of Archaeology, The British Institute of medieval merchants' homes, and to Field Archaeologists, Rescue and the eA~rience the educational programmes Southern Examining Group, this offered for schoolchildren at both landmark colloquium was organized by locations. Other workshop choices the Archaeology and Education Unit of included "Archaeology's role in Southampton University. multi-cultural education" and "The Media and Archaeology". The choice Conference participants consisted of of which workshop to attend was a some seventy-five professional difficult one, as the reader can archaeologists, professors and imagine' educational specialists. An intensive three-day programme was The session on the 20th was set aside n~e up of talks, workshops and for special guest speakers. These discussion periods. included Evert van Ginkel (Holland, special representative from the The introductory address was Council of Europe) J Karen Hoffmeyer delivered by John Alexander, former Novrup (Denmark, Hjer I Hedes Chairman of the Council for British Frilandsmuseum) and myself. John Archaeology, and was entitled ~llikeof the University of Papua New "Archaeology and Education: Where We Guinea was unfortunately unable to Stand Now and Some Pointers for the attend. Future". Dealt with in the talk and the following discussion period were Owing to the special interest of the such issues as the role of the participants in the development of Leacher in introducing archaeology as the Archaeological Resource Centre by a classroom subject to primary and the Toronto Board of Education and secondary school students, and the the Ontario Ministry of Citizenship role of archaeologists in making and Culture, I was invited to present archaeological subject matter more an additional paper entitled accessible to both educators and "Teaching Archaeologists to Teach" on children. the 19th, and also a lunchtime workshop on student participation in Conference speakers included both archaeological excavation on the educators and practicing 20th. My main paper preceded the archaeologists. Talks covered such workshop and was entitled topics as "Archaeology in the Primary "Archaeology in the Toronto School Sector" (Jake Keen of the Cranbourne System" . County Middle School), "Archaeology and Teacher Training" (Peter Warner, It is quite a task to try and sum up Archaeology Department Head at the the multiplicity of issues brought up Homerton College, Cambridge, College at this important conference. One of of Teacher Education), and "Butser the problems facing the British Ancient Farm: Uses and Abuses by archaeological community is the fact Education?" (Peter Reynolds, Project that the present government has very Director of the Butser Iron Age recently initiated a nation-wide core curriculum for elementary school discussion sessions were taped, and students. This core curTiculum is are to be published in book form over quite rigid, and there is no place the next few months. A copy of this set. aside for the teaching of booltwill then be made available at archaeology as an independent the Archaeological Resource Centre discipline. As an outcome of the for consultation by those interested. discussion which followed the final paper, a telegram was forwarded to In conclusion, I would like to add Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher that it was an honour to have been protesting this omission, and invited to participate in this suggesting consultation with the important colloquium. Evidently the Council for British Archaeology's subject of Archaeology and Education Education Board as a means for is both a timely one for discussion, correcting this. and a controversial one in respect to the direction that future endeavors Other issues raised included the in this area should take. A list of responsibility of the archaeological names and addresses of conference community for publishing readable and participants is being compiled, and informative material for teachers to will be kept on file at the Resource use in schools. A resolution was Centre. tabled for later discussion as to hOI" this would be accomplished. The subject of establishing participatory excavation programmes under the auspices of regional and municipal archaeology units was brought up, and the development of such programming (based - in part on the Toronto model:) was established as a goal of VOLUNTEER AWARDS NOW THE future conference endeavors. RESPONSIBILITY OF TWO MINISTRIES

Another important subject of The Volunteer Service AHards and discussion was how archaeological Outstanding Achievement A\

3. Legislation - While we applaud We recommend that consideration be the establishment of the Ontario given to a series of regional Heritage Act and the many gocxJ.works repositories to be either designated which have been achieved through its or purpose-built to house collections existence and application we believe of artifacts and serve as resources that after more than 10 years of centres with perhaps copies of working with the Act it is nOh" time reports submitted to the Ministry of to consider r'edesigning parts of it Citizenship and Culture as they apply and closing certain loopholes. to the geographical region. These centres ideally should include We recommend that the Ontario conser~ation facilities w1d qualified Heritage Act be rP.designed to mesh staff to care for sensitive more efficiently with those parts of arti facts. Local museums and like the following Acts whi<,h have Ii agencies 'vho do not have conservation bearing on al'chaeological matters: facilities should also be able to t.he Ontario Cemeteries Act, the mm{e use of these labs. Ontario Planning Act, and the Environmental A,;sessment Act. We 5. Hierarch V of 8ites While the also strongly urge that the thought of placing a system of higher ministries most prominently involved or lower value on something as in activities which threaten intrinsically "valuable" as a non- al'chaeological resources, that is the reneh"able archaeological site seems ~inistry of Natural Resources and t.he distasteful it may nevertheless be ~in.ist.ry of Trarlsport and the most useful one in terms of Communication est.ablish a regular and saving t.he most archaeological ongoing dialogue with the Ministry of resources as is possible in the Citizenship and Culture so that their reali ty of t.heIVorId IVe Iive in. An~ ranking of sites has its inherent for archaeology only be given to pitfalls. What, for example, would those municipalities which be the definition of "significant" as demonstrate an abiding and long-term opposed to "expendable"? Who shall interest in archaeology and which draw up such criteria? Any hierarchy have a sufficient population base to of importance is based upon the support the financial considerations knowledge-base of today and is used of such an addition to municipal to project future needs. Would it expenditures. The responsibility for not be a grave mistake to label a the archaeology of those certain category of sites as municipalities which do not meet "expendable" based on today's these requirements should be ~~sumed assessments only to find ten years by the provincial government. down the road that those sites we Clearly, some sort of matching funds squandered had become rare or even equation would have to be implemented "extinct"? in order to encourage the municipalities to take on the We recommend, nevertheless, that the responsibilities in their area. implementation of such a hierarchy of Certain minimum requirements in terms sites be assessed. This system might of personnel, budgets space more easily allow for the appropriate allocation, support services and so disbursement of funds available for on would have to be met by the the salvage or long-term protection municipalities. It is possible that of sites. This system could be made certain areas of the province should to function along with the provincial be maintained by the provincial inventory of sites and may somewhat government, such as northern Ontario, alleviate the current problem of, for because of the lack of large example, Borden numbers being applied communities and its scattered to both bona fide sites and to population. These municipal isolated clusters or single archaeologists would have to be artifacts. The investigator has no answerable to their municipal idea which is which in the area of councils but the councils' actions interest until each entry is archaeologically speaking should also scrutinized by hand. Indeed, be answerable to the provincial archaeologists are sometimes government. We also recormnend that reluctant to add isolated finds to the LACACs include at least one the provincial inventory because archaeologist on the board and that "Bordenization" is the only current they should meet regularly and not at method of entry into that list. the whim of the municipal council as Potentially important patterns of is the current situation. One last isolated finds over a larger area may point to ponder is the definition of therefore go unrecognized. "municipality" for the purposes of the above discussion. For example, 6. Municipal vs. Provincial Vaughan is a municipality but it Responsibility - There has been much exists within the larger municipality discussion recently over what seems of York. At which of these levels of to be a trend toward passing the government should the responsibility mantel of responsibility for for archaeology rest? archaeology over to the municipality in whose boundaries the archaeological resource is contained. While it can be argued that such The Ontario Archaeological Society ffiBJlagementmay be more efficient on a applauds the initiative of the local rather than provincial level we Government of Ontario and the must be sure not to enter into such Ministry of Citizenship and Culture an arrangement in haste. in undertaking this review. We recommend that the responsibility Clearly, it is time to effect major changes in both legislation and confirmed by the Ministry of Consumer policy in order to properly manage and Commercial Relations in a letter our heritage resources for future dated May 4, 1987, to the same generations. We continue to look to Council member. the Provincial government for leadership and co-ordination between the many agencies who act on behalf of heritage such as ourselves. The The Ministry of Consumer and CffltariAorchaeological Society stands Commercial Relations interpretation ready to accept any responsibility of the Act effectively terminates necessary to achieve our joint goals prehistoric and historic archaeology in heritage preservation. We are in Ontario. This conclusion stems eager to more fully play our role as directly from the above ruling a partner in heritage with the because it requires archaeologists to Ministry of Citizenship and Culture advise the owners of land on which and look for~ard to a future enriched they seek permission to excavate by our past. archaeological sites of their responsibility under the Cemeteries Act in the event the archaeologist encounters human remains. Brief to Ontario Heritage Policy Review Under the current Ministry of Ministry of Citizenship and Culture Consumer and Commercial Relations interpretation, the landowner is Prepared by required to register the presence of CffltarioCouncil of Archaeology these human burials as a cemetery July 27, 1987 against his title of the land. This in turn requires the services of an The Ontario Council of Archaeology Ontario Land Surveyor to define and requests that in the interests of sever the area set aside as a creating an atmosphere conducive to cemetery in accordance with the Act. the preservation of our It also requires the owner, or in his archaeological heritage, the default the Municipality, to fence following matters be investigated by the area designated, to cut the grass the Ontario Heritage Policy Review and brush, and to prohibit its use with a view to making recommendations for any other purpose. In the event which are in line with the realities the landowner defaults in this regard of field archaeology in Ontario. the Act stipulates that the municipality must accept this responsibility. At present, there is no certainty that this de facto land A recent interpretation of the expropriation by the Ministry of Cemeteries Act R.S.a. 1980 set out in Consumer and Commercial Relations a letter from the Minister of falls within the terms of the Consumer and Commercial Relations Expropriations Act. In any event it dated May 22, 1986, to a Council is unlikely any landowner would agree member states: to these draconian conditions.

"I trust that you or your legal There is another serious council have advised the owners of consideration quite apart from the the subject land of the potential above. In the event an archaeologist ramifications ~lich might ensue attempting to comply with the should a cemetery be found on their Ministry of Consumer and Commercial land... under the Cemeteries-Act". Relations interpretation, requests permission from an owner he would be alerting the local farmers of the potential threat by archaeologists to the Native community, the Ontario their land title. When this came to Historical Society, and the the attention of the Ministry of archaeological community, the Ontario Agriculture's local Agreps it would Council of Archaeology would be soon become common Imowledge to the pleased to participate. Hopefully a Agreps across the province and decision on this matter will not be farmers generally. In that event, no reached, let alone implemented matter how the problem was ultimately without consultation with the Ontario reconciled by the Ministry, farmers Council of Archaeology. and other landowners across the province could not but remain Item 2: Storage and Curation of reluctant to allow archaeologists on Archaeological Materials their land, no matter what assurances might be given by the inclmlbent At present archaeological material Government of Ontario. Clearly, this and data collected by activities problem must be solved if licenced by the Minister of archaeologists are to avoid Citizenship and Culture are not alienating the landowners across housed, doclmlented and curated in a Ontario. fully acceptable manner. Experience over a long period has demonstrated Hopefully the solution to the problem that the lack of professional will be pursued quickly. In the curatorial system of handling unlmown meantime, to avoid bringing large volumes of materials cannot but archaeological excavations in Ontario lead to the loss, theft, to a halt, it is recommended that deterioration of the materials and archaeologists in possession of a loss of archaeological context. licence from the Ministry of Citizenship and Culture be advised in writing that they need not take the action imposed upon them by the One long term solution would be the current interpretation of the designation of a series of Cemeteries Act by officials of the institutional repositories which Ministry of Consumer and Commercial would receive financial support from Relations. the Ministry of Citizenship and Culture. In the meantime it is Notwithstanding written assurances by recommended that suitable the Minister of Citizenship and institutions (e.g. The Royal Ontario Culture dated August 29, 1986 and by Muselml,Muselml of Indian Archaeology, the Minister of Conslmler and Trent University Archaeological Commercial Relations dated August 6, Centre and the Archaeological Survey 1986, that the Ontario Council of of Canada) be approached to ascertain Archaeology would be consulted on their willingness to provide this this matter the Council has not been service. approached by either of these Ministries. Archaeological licences should stipulate a specific period during Should the Minister of Citizenship which the archaeological material may and Culture and the Minister of be held by the licencee for private Consumer and Commercial Relations study. Thereafter this material must wish to convene a committee to be deposited in an appropriate examine this problem, possibly repository where it will be made comprised of senior officials of the available to other researchers. Ministry of Citizenship and Culture Failure to comply would result in and the Ministry of Conslmler and legal action to repossess the Commercial Relations, physical material and in prosecution. anthropologists, representatives of It is not recommended that a new tier of Ministry of Citizenship and Culture facilities be built and It is imperative that reports which staffed to meet the need to house meet standards set out by the Ontario this archaeological material. Heritage Act and the associated regulations be maintained as a prerequisite to licencing. These reports must be made available to At present the Ontario Heritage reputable archaeologists upon Foundation process for allocating request. Accession lists of the grant funds to the fiscal years to reports on file should be published which they are applied has been twice a year and distributed to the inefficient as is exemplified over archaeological community. the period 1983-1987 ..

At present the schedule by which funds are made available to Current Licencing procedures are an archaeologists fails to recognize improvement over past procedures. that the archaeological field season in Ontario is determined by both the seasons of the year and the need for lead-time to prepare for the field. The Ontario Council of Archaeology recommends that archaeological Current funding procedures do not licences continue to be issued by the include a reserve to provide timely Minister of Citizenship and Culture support for archaeological salvage on the advice of the archaeological operations which arise on short committee of the Ontario Heritage notice. Foundation, and that the committee continue consultation with Ministry of Citizenship and Culture staff regarding the requirements for The Ontario Council of Archaeology licencing set out in the Act. reconunends that: However, it is reconmended that policies and procedures be developed a) a method be developed to permit a to facilitate more expeditions and more effective and equitable even-handed decisions by the distribution of funds over the period archaeological committee regarding they are to apply; licencing. A prerequisite to b) the Ministry and the Foundation licencing should include the need for be more sympathetic to meeting the unrecognized individuals seeking an time schedules requested in grant archaeological licence to applications, particularly where satisfactorily complete a course of field and staffing constraints have training approved by the Ontario been demonstrated; Heritage Foundation. Archaeological c) experience has shown clearly the licences should require standardized need to develop a procedure to procedures (e.g. cataloguing, accumulate a non-lapsing reserve fund curation, publication, etc.) as a to meet unforseen salvage condition of licence. emergencies. It is not recommended that the profession become self-licencing.

The Ontario Council of Archaeology is Item 6: Decentralized Archaeological encouraged by the Ontario Heritage Staf.f Foundation study of reporting as a requirement of licencing. It is rumoured that a plan has been Council Position advanced to the Ministry of Citizenship and Culture or by the Ministry of Citizenship and Culture The Ontario Council of Archaeology to establish a network of paid reconunendsthat funds and qualified personnel to be responsible for supervisory and training staff be conducting archaeology in provided for the conduct of formal decentralized regions (e.g. counties, volunteer programs (e.g. Passport to Regional Municipalities). the Past program). It is important Unfortunately, details regarding to recognize the fact that the numbers, locations, funding, and credibility of these volunteers and qualification prerequisites remain a subsequently their works will, to a matter of speculation and gossip. great extent, be a reflection of the credibility their instructors enjoy in the archaeological community.

The Ontario Council of Archaeology Item 9: Notification of Licences and trusts that a new policy of this Grants significance will not be introduced without full consultation with the Experience has shown that projects discipline. Indeed, this type of are often delayed because of a fundamental consultation throughout reliance on using mail to send out the constituency appears to be the notifications of licences and grants. basis for the very review of Heritage policy which is now taking place. It would be a travesty if a major change in archaeological heritage The Ontario Council of Archaeology preservation procedures were to take reconunends that important documents place without prior consultation with (i.e. licences, notification of the archaeological community. grants, grant payments) be shipped by courier.

The Ontario Council of Archaeology In February 1987 the Ontario Heritage also recommends that all Ministry Foundation recommended to the procedures regarding licences and Minister of Citizenship and Culture grants be reviewed to ensure that in that access to licence reports be the future projects which are granted to recognized archaeologists. scheduled to start on, for example, May 1, are properly notified regarding licences and grants by April 1. To facilitate this, it is The Ontario Council of Archaeology is recommended that new deadlines for not yet aware of Ministry of submission of licence and grant Citizenship and Culture action applications be changed to October 1 regarding this Ontario Heritage of the year preceding the proposed Foundation recommendation. This project. should pose no problem under Ontario Access to Information legislation now in place. Comments on the Heritage Act to the Ontario Heritage Policy Review from the London Chapter of Members of the Ontario Council of The Ontario Archaeological Society Archaeology have demonstrated that a Inc. valuable contribution can be made to archaeology by volunteers. In your letter requesting written submissions from individuals and groups concerned with Ontario's Heritage, you asked for discussions archaeological investigation in to revolve arm.md identified areas of Ontario. As archaeological sites are concern, outlined in your working a non-renewable resource, there was a paper submitted to heritage definite need to oversee organizations. However, we find this archaeological activities in the difficult to do, since many of the province, in order to ensure the concerns in the archaeological maintenance of a functional data community stem from specific problems base, and to preserve this valuable arising out of a substantial change heritage data on Ontario's in the very nature of archaeolo~' Prehistoric and Historic past. While over the past decade; a change which the intent was definitely a step in has moved far ahead of anything the right direction, the outlined for archaeology in the archaeological component of the Heritage Act. As such, we find Heritage Act has served, in reality, ourselves unable to directly address to be little more than a statement of the motherhood statements in your interest in archaeology from the working paper, but rather we would provincial government, regulating prefer to address those concerns and only professional and conscientious thoughts we have on specific aspects archaeologists, with little ability of the archaeological component of to deal with those individuals that the Heritage Act, as it relates to choose to opt out of the system, or our experiences. those who prefer to simply loot sites (albeit with one notable exception Part of our inability to address the from the Hamilton-Brantford area). more general topics outlined stems This is certainly an obvious weakness from the fact that under the present of the Act, and there is a need for form of the Heritage Act, archaeology the Act to be strengthened when is treated as a distinct and separate applied to individuals who violate part of Ontario's heritage, governed it. in a different manner than for the rest of those "heritage concerns or However, as the licencing system now sectors" manifested in Ontario. As stands, all individuals wishing to such, archaeology has been closely conduct archaeology in a legitimate monitored and regulated through the fashion must follow a rather awkward Archaeological Unit of the Heritage and lengthy licencing process, Branch, Ministry of Citizenship and required annually, before any Culture, both in their head office, archaeological activity can occur. and in their five other regional Further, not only is the process offices throughout the province. generating problems at present, but Further, unlike other aspects of also, in 1987, "archaeological heritage, archaeology is identified activity" actually encompasses a wide in the Heritage Act as something that range of endeavours. Archaeological needs to be licenced by the field work can now include research- government; regulated and defined as oriented projects, mostly from the a controlled activity. It is perhaps academic world; consulting through this licencing aspect of the archaeology, which has grown in Heritage Act that one can most response to archaeological concerns clearly see the change in archaeology being identified in the latest over the past decade, and the need versions of both the Planning and for the Heritage Act to be modified Environmental Assessment Acts; and to better service the archaeological conservation archaeology, which can community. and is conducted by both professional and avocational archaeologists. It Initially, part of the intent behind is important to note that both the the licencing of archaeology was to type of archaeology conducted under regulate looting and uncontrolled each of these three categories and the various individuals doing this be available to most individuals who work can almost be viewed as simply want to conduct limited field different "subsets" of the surface-survey and/or site archaeological community. The needs, moni toring, and the requirements and concerns, qualifications and obligations for receiving such a abilities for each of these licence would reflect the limited categories are strikingly different, type of work involved. Reporting but all three groups must apply for could also be straight-forward for the same type of archaeological this type of licence, providing just licence. This leads to a wide range the basic information needed (ie. in the quality of archaeological activities conducted, maps of area field work and reporting, with no examined, catalogue and photos of clear way of determining quality, as material found). However, if someone it relates to either individual wished to conduct more extensive work qualifications or type of archaeology on a site, such as partial or full conducted. Such an arrangement is excavations, perhaps requirements worrisome, since the Archaeological would include greater qualifications Unit of the Ministry of Citizenship (such as much more experience and and Culture uses the existing training), and responsibilities would licencing structure as a means of include a greater degree of final regulating the archaeological reporting and site analysis. In many community. This means that Ministry ways, this type of excavation staff members are asked to appraise archaeology for research or quality without clear directives from mitigation purposes could fall under the Act, while still !laving the a type of licence similar to that potential to seriously impact presently being issued (only that individual archaeologists. For requirements should be more clearly example, consultant archaeologists defined) . Finally, in regard to apply for "consulting licences", consul tant archaeology, perhaps a which enable them to bid for work third type of licence, specifically throughout some or all of this for consultant work, could be province. Getting such a licence created, the qualifications and also means an individual or requirements of which reflect the institution is placed on a Ministry nature of this type of assessment list of licenced consulting archaeology. This would probably archaeologists, which is sent out to exclude large-scale mitigative firms needing to hire such services. excavations however, which should be Simply put, if one isn't on the list, licenced under the second proposed one cannot earn a salary. For those licence type. By formatting individuals who draw their earnings archaeological licences to the solely from consultant work, the different types of archeology in licencing process is a powerful Ontario, the licencing process, and regulatory system which impacts the Heritage Act itself, would tend directly on one's livelihood, even to look like a more uniform though the process, as it now stands, regulatory system, ensuring legal and is faulty. competent archaeology is being performed and reported on, while Perhaps what is needed, besides more still allowing for the diverse range clearly defining the licencing of archaeological research and field process for both applicants and those work occurring in Ontario. Also, who are asked to implement it, is a with such a change the Heritage Act licencing system which identifies will be servicing the needs of the different forms or levels of archaeological communi ty, and archaeology. For instance, one form defining the role the various of licence could be strictly for "sectors" of the archaeological conservation activities. This could community have in the province. opposition we received concerning The consequences and problems of archaeology. Further, we had identifying archaeology as a specific difficulty convincing LACAC members and "different" section of Ontario that we indeed had a legitimate role heritage extends beyond the licencing to play in LACAC. These individuals process, however. It has also served confided to us informally that they to isolate archaeology from the rest thought under the Heritage Act, of the heritage community, on both archaeology was not part of a LACAC's the local and provincial levels. heritage mandate, and therefore This isolation also extends into the archaeological representation on Heritage Branch of the Ministry of LACAC could 'not be justified, or Citizenship and Culture, with promoted to the city. Ultimately heritage planners being unaware of however, and with a great deal of the needs and value of archaeology, formal support from the London LACAC, and archaeological unit staff being we were able to convince the city unaware of other Ministry heritage that we did indeed have reason to be activities, some of which could or represented. That even should require an archaeological representatives of the local heritage component. Considering the similar community were difficult to convince interests and common goals of both that archaeology was a legitimate the archaeological and historical part of their own heritage concerns, heritage groups in this province, it underscored the isolation that has been extremely unfortunate that presently exists between sectors of much of the last decade has been the heritage community in Ontario. spent in isolation, and only in the last couple of years have Besides giving LACACs a clearer role representatives of each of these two to follow in the Heritage Act (which groups begun the lengthy process of directs them to be concerned with all promoting themselves to each other. sectors of heritage in their community), the revised Heritage Act A clear example of this problem as should provid~ vehicles for the the London Chapter has experienced it dissemination of information between is in the process of becoming the different sectors of the heritage involved in our local LACAC. community. Whether this takes the Slightly over two years ago, members form of a newsletter from a Ministry of the London Chapter began promoting heritage coordinator; or something archaeological conservation to our more direct such as a Ministry city's municipal planning department. sponsored annual heritage group During the course of that process, it executive officers meeting; or was suggested to us, and subsequently something more local such as county, we decided, to become "part of the district or regional local heritage system" by applying for institutional group lists, is open to consideration representation on the London LACAC. and discussion. What is essential We felt that through this however is for the Heritage Act to organization we could best convey our recognize the very real need to concerns to the city's planning emphasize communication and department regarding the destruction cooperation between heritage groups, of archaeological resources through and between Ministry personnel who urban development in the city of manage the various heritage sectors. London. After all, the London LACAC Co-ordinated heritage activities on is, in essence, the city's advisory the part of local or provincially council on matters of heritage. based heritage groups can provide a While we had anticipated a rough time greater profile within a given trying to convey our concern to city community of local or provincial planners, we were surprised at the heritage, concerns and activities, degree of negative feedback and and gives the Ministry of Citizenship greater profile within a given newsletters and some will appear in community of local or provincial 1988 issues of Arch Notes. TIlese heritage, concerns and activities, included: and gives the Ministry of Citizenship "Late Glacial Holocene Vegetation of and Culture a greater profile in the Ottawa Valley Lake Ontario provincial heritage. Region" by T.W. Anderson "Archaeology of the Southern Rice While the London Chapter has many Lake Basin" by Lawrence Jackson and more concerns for Ontario Heather McKillop archaeology, such as granting and "The Prehistory of St. Lawrence funding of archaeology; ministerial Islands National Park" by J.V. Wright support for archaeological "Prehistoric Archaeology of the conservation; promotion of Rideau Lakes Area" by Gordon D. archaeological heritage to Native Watson communities; wld accessibility of "Archaeological Research in the Moira data; these are all issues that River Basin" by Hugh J. Daechsel should probably be raised by other "Archaeology at 46N 77W" by Barry M. interested parties, individuals more Mitchell familiar with those areas than us. "The Meath Sites" by Donald Robertson Suffice that our views expressed in "Princess Point in Eastern Ontario" this paper are those that we are by Sheryl A. Smith familiar with on an intimate and "The McKeown Site" by James F. everyday basis. We hope your Pendergast committee will consider our concerns "Epidemic Diseases and 'The Wars of raised here when contemplating the the Iroquois'" by Susan Johnston way the Heritage Act will take shape "Fort Frontenac in the 17th Century" over the next decade. by Bruce W. Stewart "Cartographic Evidence for Structural Development: Fort Frontenac 1673- 1820" by Susan M. Bazley "Archaeology at the Entrance of the Rideau Canal" by Suzanne Ploussos 14th ANNUAL O.A.S. SYMPOSIUM, "Nineteenth Century Structures at OTTAWA, October 23-25, 1987. Newboro on the Rideau Canal" by Steven Mills and Caroline Phillips The 14th annual o.A.S. Symposium has "The Martintown Grist Mill" by Robert corneand gone and the executive and G. Mayer delegates unanimously agreed that it "Save Ontario Shipwrecks" by Fred was one of the most successful Gregory symposia to date. The Ottawa Chapter "The Adkins Palaeo-Indian Site and was complimented on its excellent Associated Stone Structure" by organization, choice of facilities Michael R. Gramly and smooth execution of events. The "The Walpole Island Archaeological speakers and the high calibre of Project" by Nick Adams,and their presentations attracted over "The Toronto Harbour as an Area of 160 registrants who packed the Faunal Exploitation During the 19th meeting room to standing-room only Century" by Peter Harnalainen. capacity. The Display and Book Room was very popular and book sales were As Banquet Speaker, Dr. J.V. Wright brisk. Special mention goes to spoke on "The Upper St. Lawrence Irmgard Jarnnik winner of the door Drainage in the Prehistory of Eastern prize - a copy of the Historic Atlas North America". of Canada.

Some of the papers given have started to appear in Society Chapter's TORONTO CHAPI'ER'S MEMBERS' MEETING took most of the posts with them when WEDNESDAY, SEPI»lBER 16, 1987 they moved to a new site. The excavations have also documented a line of posts or a "fence" inside the village. Its relationship to the "The Ball Site: evolution of the village needs Dean Knight further research. Thirteen burials were recorded. They were all in the Dr. Knight did his B.A. at Beloit floors of structures which were College, Wisconsin. He later unique in some way (longest, received his M.A. and Ph.D. from the smallest, of a different University of Toronto. He has orientation). However, not all of excavated in Wisconsin and in the unique structures had burials in northern (Cobalt) and southern (the them. Dr. Knight noted that each Ball Site, etc.) Ontario. He is open area was associated with at currently an Assistant Professor at least one structure containing a Wilfrid Laurier University and a burial. The burials contained both member of the Grand River/Waterloo sexes ranging in age from less than Chapter of the O.A.S. six months to fifty years. Ceramics found on the site showed that the Dr. Knight updated the Chapter's villagers had ties with the New York knowledge of his research at the Ball and St. Lawrence Iroquois. The Ball Site with an introductory talk Site was occupied around 1600 A.D. followed by slides. Dr. Knight according to ceramic styles and became involved in studying the site between 1610-20 according to glass in 1975 when Wilfrid Laurier trade bead types. University began its field school programme. At that time, many The slides shown by Dr. Knight researchers believed Huronia's past illustrated the Ball Site's location was well known. Dr. Knight, however, on a Lake Algonkian beach ridge, thought that settlement patterns eight miles west of Orillia. The needed further research because whole Site is on a Mount St.Louis bluff villages had been rarely excavated. with flowing springs nearby. It has Since then 90% (including 44 metres been partly plowed and this is where in 1987) of the 4 hectare site has the field schools have worked. The been cleared by 350-400 students. topsoil is removed and the soil below Sixty-two structures (which vary in the plow line is excavated. Each size) oriented NW-SE in rows/blocks structure is excavated as a unit. inside a palisade (made of 3 to 7 Slides of the post molds, features rows of posts) with open area in and maps were shown to illustrate the between have been documented. The palisade, the central "fence", exact functions of the open areas and structures, garbage and storage pits, of some of the smaller structures "oven pits" and burials (which were have not been determined. Further reinterred on other parts of the studies must be done comparing the site). Some of the ceramics that artifacts and architecture of have been recovered were depicted. different areas of the site. Dr. These included Oneida and St. Knight noted that none of the Lawrence Iroquois vessels and three structures overlapped and only three possible chalice bottoms. Not many had been extended. Every third post grounds tone and chipped stone of the 30,000 posts mapped since 1975 artifacts were found as opposed to has been cross-sectioned. Wood the numbers of projectile points made (usually cedar) was rarely found in from brass recycled from trade the molds and the pieces that were kettles. Other trade items shown by found were rarely burnt. This Dr. Knight included iron axe heads, suggests that the Ball Site villagers spear points, chisels, caulking knives and a French knife handle made of bone which was secured by nails. Bone combs similar to those of the New York Iroquois were also found along with needles, awls and a fish leister. Dr. Knight said that the research done to date on the Ball Site has not allowed him to figure out a way to sample a similar site and still recover an equivalent TORONTO CHAPl'ERCHRISTMAS amount of information that a total PARTY excavation would.

Pot Luck, B.Y.a.B. TORONTO CHAPrER MEETING at 723 Manning Ave.,Toronto October 21, 1987. (Bloor/Christie Subway) DECEMBER 12, 1987 at 7.30 Details: Jane or Roberta (416) 531-0761 "The Massawomeck: The Unlmown Iroquois" by James F. Pendergast

James F. Pendergast worked for the Canadian Museum of Civilization until 1977. Since then he has been a private scholar studying the St. Lawrence Iroquois. He has received an Honorary Doctorate of Science from McGill University. Last summer he excavated the McKeown Site.

James F. Pendergast's talk was on his tentative hypothesis about a previously unidentified group of Iroquois, the "Massawomeck". He reported that this group was known only from two 17th century second- hand documentary accounts. Pendergast used contemporary maps and reports to note the locations of the group between 1608 and 1637 A.D. Finally, Pendergast showed how the "Massawo- mek" were involved in the trading of a newly identified species of Whelk (Buccinum Iaeestomum) which they obtained from one of the Algonkian groups living on Chesapeake Bay. Further research must be done on the distribution of this Whelk species on sites inland from the Bay. Archaeological studies must also be conducted on sites where the "Massawomeck" were reported to have been in order to confirm the documentary record. A HIS'1OOYOF CERAMIC TABLEWARE IN ONTARIO, 1795-1890: HIS'1OOICALDATE RANGES The charts do not include all ceramic types mentioned in Ontario historical records, especially certain minor varieties (e.g. lustre line and sprig Articles in three issues of the 1985 white granite). As well, no data is ARCH NarES (May/June, Sep/Oct and provided on the graphs for Nov/Dee) outlined the history of undecorated earthenwares, known in various ceramic tablewares used in the 19th century as "cream coloured", Ontario between 1780 and 1890. The "C.C.", "plain" or "white". These data for the articles was derived C.C. wares are mentioned throughout from Ontario archival documents, the 1795-1890 period, using similar particularly those from general terminology. The historical records stores. This present note will serve consulted give no clue to the fact to summarize some of the ceramic date that about 1830 the glaze type of range information extracted from C.C. wares changed significantly. these historical records. Since Before about 1830, most C.C. wares there are chronological gaps in the had a distinctive yellowish tinge, records, the date range information known by ceramicists under the given below should be considered as neologism creamware. After about provisional rather than definitive. 1830, undecorated tea and dinner wares usually had a nearly clear The historical sources are not glaze (whiteware). individually cited here, although the chief documentary records are referenced in the footnotes of the 1985 ARCH NarES articles. In all, 86 Blue Printed earthenwares were sets of documents were consulted: introduced to the British potting general store records (invoices, day industry about 1780. A possible books, ledgers, inventories and early mention in Ontario records of memoranda); family records (bills of printed teaware occurs in 1802. The account, household a=ount books); first mention of blue printed plates probate inventories (for both private is 1820. While blue printing households and stores); newspaper continues to the present day, during advertisements. the 1870s it reached something of a low point. For each basic ceramic type (e.g. blue printed, green edge), a chart Willow is the most popular (usually was prepared showing the years in blue) pattern. Although the which historical records indicate "standard" Willow pattern is thought their presence (Figures 1 and 1). to have been developed by Spade about The period spanned by this historical 1790, its first mention in Ontario material is 1795 to 1890, although records is 1833. The earliest there are certain times for which indication of willow teaware (as documentation is inadequate: early opposed to plates and dishes) is 1820s, early 1850s, late 1870s, late 1883. Blue willow continued to be 1880s. Possibly owing to archival popular into the 20th century. collection policies, it seems more difficult to secure good general Brown Printed, along with green and store records from the 1870s and red printing, is said by Simeon Shaw 1880s than it does for the 1830s and to have been popularized in the 1840s. Where records of a type that British pottery factories about 1829. are likely to include old stock (i.e. The first mention in Ontario is 1832. inventories), any discrepant terminal Brown printing continues in the dates are discussed in the notes Ontario records until about 1850, • • • •••••• •••••• •• ••••••• • ••• • ••• • ••• • •• • • ••••• •• • •• ••• • ••• •• •• • ••• •• • • • • • • ••• • • • • • •••• • • •• I ;,. ;0. (") ;:;-

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• •• • ••• • • ••• • ••• • revived however in the 1880s, where is was often associated with Blue Painted teaware (usually on a Japanese-inspired designs. pearlware body) was sold side-by-side with "enamelled" (multicolour) Black Printed is also first mentioned painted in the early 19th century. in 1832, but there are no records The latest mention of blue painted is after 1845. 1831.

Pink Printed or red printed is Enamelled Painted is the late 18th likewise first mentioned in 1832. and early 19th century term for Aside from an isolated 1864 multicolour painting (usually reference, it does not seem to have dominated by the colours brown, blue, been in common use after about 1850. and green). Once the new whitewares were introduced about 1830, Grey Printed, also known as "dove", supplanting pearlwares, the "new" is mentioned in two 1850s documents. painted teaware featured red, black, blue and green and the old Flow Blue is first recorded in 1845 blue/enamelled distinction was and last noted in an 1866 invoice. discontinued. The latest mention of In the 1890s and 1900s flow blue made "enamelled" is 1831. a revival, where it was used to decorate thin "semi-porcelain" wares Painted ceramics (usually teaware), of the day. in general, are commonly mentioned in Ontario records until 1872. Mulberry was a type of flowing ware that was printed in a purplish hue. ~ teaware is first recorded in Its first Ontario mention is 1851. 1843; the latest is 1875. There is a The latest date is 1868, but this mention of sponged bowls in 1885, and store inventory may refer to old bowls are also noted in an 1900 stock; an earlier record of 1861 is invoice from Tupperville (courtesy of an invoice from a Montreal F. Vink). wholesaler. White Granite, also known as white ironstone or stoneware, is first mentioned in two separate Ontario Green Edge, as blue edge, was records in 1847. It continued into introduced by the British potters the 20th century. about 1780, at which time it was usually called "shell edge" . Green Wheat was the most popular of the edge plates and dishes are commonly white granite patterns. It is mentioned in Ontario documents as thought this pattern was introduced late as 1836, although the latest to the British industry by Elsmore invoice from a ceramic wholesale and Forster in 1859. Its first house is 1832. mention in Ontario is 1865, and it continued to be available into the Blue Edge in the early 19th century early 20th century. was sold in about equal quantities as green edge, although blue edge Yellowware, also called "cane continued in use for much longer. In coloured" , is associated with such Ontario, blue edge is last recorded kitchenware forms as jugs, bowls, in 1873. bakers and nappies. The earliest Ontario record is 1842. It is still Red Painted is usually associated produced today. with the over-glaze decoration of creamware. This relatively rare type is noted for 1798 and 1809. ARCHAIDl.CX:l!CALNSULTINGIN reevaluate their performances. ONTARIO: PAPERS OF THE Theoretically, insofar as the LONDON CONFERENCE 1985 conference demarcates a gap between policies of expediency and the Edited by William A. Fox. iii + 114 pursuit of soundly-based research Pages, 22 figures. knowledge, then that too is a matter for serious reflection.

It is not my intent to discuss the It is with some reluctance that I somewhat variable contents of venture to comment upon Archaeological Consulting in Ontario Archaeological Consulting in Ontario: on a paper by paper basis, rather, I Papers of the London Conference 1985, shall address specifics of the volume edited by William A. Fox. The volume within a broader framework. is, after all, a compilation of Essentially, there are four sorts of papers prepared for oral presentation issues raised in this collection: 1) at the invitation of, and selected archaeological consulting as an for publication by, the provincial aspect of government policy, 2) archaeological regulatory agency. It archaeological assessment and incorporates contributions which mitigation in practice, 3) the ostensibly address the issue of increasing role of the public in performance accountability by archaeology, and 4 ) ethical government archaeologists and considerations arising from the archaeological consultants working in previous points. Very few of the Ontario. With the exception of a papers are likely to become "classics single Parks Canada contract to in Ontario archaeology", with the analyze an existing collection, I possible exception of a contribution have never worked as an by Michael Spence, who addresses the archaeological consultant in that problems of excavating and analyzing jurisdiction, nor have I ever been a burials. government archaeologist. I am aware, however, of some of the 1) Archaeological Consulting and problems and issues surrounding Government Policy archaeological resource conservation and that the Ministry of Culture and In the volume's lead paper, Alan Communications has significant impact Tyyska, Chief Archaeologist for upon the practice of archaeology in Ontario, makes a number of critical the Province of Ontario. Indeed, the observations which serve as points of collection of papers reviewed here departure for other articles in the elucidates aspects of cause and collection. First, Tyyska notes that effect that are problematical and the consulting industry in Ontario is disturbing not only in terms of what "an artifact of government policy" little I do know about consulting (including environmental regulation, archaeology, but in terms of archaeological licensing, and funding archaeology in general. patterns), and is strongly affected by that very policy (pg. 6-7). The issues raised in this volume are Second, he concedes that "consultants of such importance, theoretically as are hired mostly because clients have well as substantively, that they to", that there have "been fairly require critical review. typical patterns of resistance to Substantively, if the archaeological hiring archaeologists to carry out community ever is to pursue assessments on works of mitigation", consistent, quality-oriented resource and that "both public and private conservation, then the government's sector clients doubt that the work approach and policies have to be has any real value, and concern for revised and practitioners need to the 'bottom line' creates a reluctance to pay for things like abuses. The question then arises, of artifact analysis" (pg. 5). It course, who would be the licensing logically follows that "the and peer review body for this group, archaeological consulting industry many of whom perceive the existing (in Ontario) is not yet lucrative" archaeological regulatory agency as despi te the fact that it is growing unethical in its approach to resource and that "the value and quality of conservation and, in turn, are the work done by archaeological themselves perceived as self-serving. consultants appears to be subject to the dollars available" (pg. 7, 8). 2) Archaeological Assessment and Mitigation in Practice Contributions by Nick Adams and W. Bruce Stewart confirm the reality of Temporal and fiscal constraints this rather negative scenario in present the chief obstacles to the their discussions of negotiations practice of archaeological resource among archaeological consultants, assessment and mitigation activities. developers, the City of Kingston, and To a large extent these are a the (then) Ministry of Citizenship reflection of government policy (as and Culture. Adams calls for tighter discussed above) combined with a lack legislation which clearly specifies of understanding and appreciation for "where the responsibility for funding archaeological resource conservation lies" and makes it evident that the or preservation on the part of public developer "should pay for the and private sector developers. Paul privilege" of site destruction (pg. Lennox, along with Adams and Stewart, 71). This is only one aspect of a addresses the potentially negative larger problem, however. What is affects of these limitations on the amply illustrated is a system of practice of archaeological assessment government which lacks a clear, and mitigation. overriding commitment to, and mandate for, heritage preservation and Lennox additionally takes issue with conservation: there is no unified or the common mitigative dismissal of coherent approach to existing legal "low visibility" archaeological sites and policy requirements. in his empirically-based demonstration that surface artifact Tyyska's paper further implies that recovery rate does not always because of this situation, there is correlate with site significance. considerable room for potential abuse Ian Kenyon and Robert G. Mayer also by archaeological consultants. examine an area in which lack of Conventional wisdom indicates it is archaeological knowledge leads to not likely that licensing will prove mitigative difficulties: our a panacea, as it cannot protect deficient understanding of historical against incompetent practices. It Eurocanadian sites. In an attempt to can, however, limit the number of educate Ontario archaeologists (who legal practitioners and thereby are almost by definition provide some control. William D. prehistorians), Kenyon presents a Finlayson observes that a Ph.D. in compendium on the use of historic archaeology and the ability to documents. This valuable formulate and carry original research contribution seems out of place in through to publication combined with the volume as it departs from the a responsible, professional attitude focus of discussion; unfortunately, are crucial to success in the it is apt to be overlooked in the contracting and consulting field (pg. future. 108). Presumably, these same qualities, which implicitly embrace a Archaeological Consulting in Ontario particular ethical stance, would tend makes it clear that consultants are to counter incompetence and other attempting to reduce financial pressures on themselves and of that role, especially as it potentially destructive pressures on relates to questions of significance heritage resources by promoting the and research design" (pg . 88). development of archaeological master Nonetheless, Williamson condemns plans designed, in part, to create public involvement if non-significant both temporal and fiscal lead time. sites are consumed in the process (he Dana Poulton describes this does not provide significant relativelJ<-new approach to municipal criteria; these are addressed by development review. Similarly, John Kenyon), a suitable research design Peters and Rob PihI examine an is not followed, or if such empirically-based predictive model involvement is used simply as a means that they formulated to assist in the to finance projects. assessment of archaeological potential along several proposed I disagree that the consumption of Ontario Hydro transmission corridors. non-significant sites (however Peters states that a single variable defined) in this context should be - distance to water - can be used to criticized automatically, for it can delineate areas of high site be argued that these are the best potential (pg. 24), a fact concurred training grounds for the uninitiated. with and expanded upon by Pihl, who Whether they should be excavated at prefers to use the variables the expense of more significant or "distance to water" and "water type" immediately threatened locations, in his more recent formulations. however, is an entirely different Pihl observes that "areas of high and matter and one open to considerable low archaeological potential can be debate. Clearly, if the public is identified (using this model) so that involved in excavations operating appropriate survey techniques and without a reasonable research design, intervals can be implemented allowing one should question the competence of for a cost-effective but thorough the director not only to excavate, assessment" (pg. 39). I have but to educate. To do otherwise is reservations about this construct and irresponsible and unprofessional. the implications of its application, The final point raised by Williamson not only in light of Lennox's that is discussed here public comments concerning site involvement as a means of financing (in)visibility, but for a number of research projects - should be taken additional reasons, not the least of to heart, unless a policy requiring which is environmental change. It long-term participation under the seems to me that early and special direct control and at the discretion purpose sites have a high probability of the field director can be of exclusion from mitigation if the embraced. In that instance, the model is adhered to. public can actually refine learned excavation techniques and, more 3) Increasing Role of the Public in importantly, the rationale behind Archaeology them, thereby producing controlled, usable results and greatly reducing A number of contributors allude to the chance that "pothunters" are the process of public education on being created. archaeological matters as critical to successful conservation of the resource, but it is Ronald Williamson who most directly addresses the role It is somewhat surprISIng that most of the public in contemporary contributors to this volume have archaeology in Ontario. He concludes skirted ethical issues because they, that public participation is after all, may be what resource important but that the "discipline is preservation and conservation are all sometimes undecided about the nature about. I do not mean to imply that I believe the contributors to be unethical, only that with one notable exception they have failed to deal THE CANADIAN STUDENT JOURNAL OF forcibly with the unifying, if ANTIffiOPOLOGY thorny, aspect of professional archaeology. NEXUS is dedicated to publishing quality papers of anthropological Michael Spence presents a well- interest written by graduates and reasoned introduction to the varied undergraduates at Canadian and complex issues surrounding universities and by Canadian students unmarked grave investigation, and abroad. From its inception in 1980, concludes with a number of valuable NEXUS has published annual general and inherently reasonable issues with articles on Social and recommendations to government and Cultural Anthropology, Human Biology, consulting archaeologists. Spence Historic and Prehistoric Archaeology, makes it obvious that archaeologists Medical Anthropology and Linguistics. excavating human remains have Special issues on specific topical responsibilities to the public as and/or geographical themes are well as responsibilities to the regularly planned such as the 1981 profession, and that these are at publication entitled "Sex and Gender times in conflict. His in Oceania". Recently a Current Book recommendations are designed to Reviews section has been added. eliminate or reduce that conflict. Publishing is an integral part of It is now generally understood that academic life. NEXUS provides the our values influence our research, opportunity for students to not only in terms of the questions we experience the editorial process, the posit, but also in terms of the critical evaluation of their work for explanations of reality we accept, publication and gain access to an and how we perceive and relate to ever-increasing readership. NEXUS is reality. Evidently, our ethical and edited entirely by graduate students value systems affect our performance of the Department of Anthropology at as archaeologists. It is time we McMaster University. The Editors began to address them in tandem with will consider a wide range of topics other aspects of archaeological and encourage fellow students to conservation. submit articles and reviews of current books for our upcoming Archaeological Consulting in Ontario issues. represents an initial and commendable step in outlining some of the For additional information or problems associated with performance instructions to authors, please accountability in the archaeological forward inquiries to: consulting industry in Ontario. Although the most problematical The Editors issues are seldom discussed overtly, NEXUS: The Canadian Student the volume is both of theoretical and Journal of Anthropology substantive interest. At the very Department of Anthropology least, it documents one aspect of the 1280 Main St. West practice of archaeology in Ontario HAMILTON, Ontario, Canada during 1985, and in so doing provides L8S 4L9 a frame of reference from which we can "go out and do better". "FIRST GENERATIONS" BY DOOGLAS ROY MATHESON of something being a scenic vista, or a 'beautiful water'. Publisher: Chronomics, Hamilton 1986 Romanticism also appears in his Book - S8.00, Map - $13.95 treatment of the term "Gaigwaahgeh", incorrectly located at Fort Erie. Matheson gives it as meaning "The Place of Hats", claiming that it "First Generations" is a combination refers to voyageurs' hats that once forty-four page booklet and map floated to the shore after the introducing the reader to Ontario's travellers themselves were attacked 'first generations' of peoples, by a war party. In an article in ranging from those living in the Arch Notes (Steckley 1985b:12-13), I prehistoric to those in the early translated the Huron cognate, contact and White immigration 'Atrakwa,e', as meaning a more periods. Accor~ingly, the booklet is prosaic 'at the east'. divided into the following sections: "The Archaeological Record" (ppl-9); Another recurring Hewmess of the "Algonquian and Iroquoian--Languages, writer is his reliance on the People and Culture" (pp9-28); mistaken translations of non- "Sacred/Legendary Sites" (pp29-34); linguists. This is found in his use "Profiles of Ethno-Cultural of the amateur etymology of Rev. A. Communities" (pp35-42); and "A Word E. Jones (see Steckley 1986:48 and About the Archaeological Record" 1987:29 and 32 for specific examples (pp43-44). of criticisms of Jones). Following Father Jones, he presents "Wenro" as That the writer feels a strong meaning "the people of the place of calling to communicate to the general the floating scum" and "Ekaentoton" public the much neglected stories of as "where there are very many things Ontario's early peoples is laudable, washed up and littering the shore". as is his sympathetic presentation of In the former case Jones identified archaeological material. However, what seem to have been the right the quality of the material does not morphemes or meaningful word parts, live up to that of the purpose. This but mistranslated them. Elsewhere can be illustrated with reference to (Steckley 1985a:17) I suggested that translations of Native names that Wenro meant 'covered with moss', a appear in this work, possibly its possible reference to the Wenro being greatest wew{ness. sj1Dbolically 'turtle'. Ekaentoton can best be translated as 'where many Matheson is uncritical in his poles or sticks stand' (see Potier handling of the sources, particularly 1920:437 #76 "8t" and 446 ",aenta"). when linguistic interpretation leans toward the 'romantic'. We find this Matheson also repeats two errors from in his presentation of 'Ontario' as Heidenreich's early efforts to meaning 'beautiful water', rather translate "ondice" (Snake Island in than the more accurate 'large lake'. Lake Simcoe) as "Where One Arrives by The verb -io- usually means 'large', Water" and "Haskaont" (Georgina only occasionally signifying Island) as "The Place Where Meat and 'beautiful' (Potier 1920:396 #27). Fish Are Stored". The name for Snake Native place names typically operate Island means 'a point of land in as practical guides to water' (see Steckley 1984:19). While identification, references to no good translation exists for the subsistence activities, or to real or name for Georgina Island, I suspect mythical events of significance. that it is derived from the Huron They do not reflect Native perception verb, ",aent" (the name in the "Description du Pais des Hurons" looking more to me like 'Haskaent' than 'Haskaont') meaning 'to be cast Potier, Pierre up on shore' (Potier 1920:225). 1920 Fifteenth Report of the Bureau of The most glaring toponymic myth Archives for the perpetuated by the writer is that of province of Ontario Toronto meaning 'meeting place', a Toronto, C.W. James. popular myth originated by Henry Scadding, whose knowledge of Native Steckley, John L. languages was virtually non-existent. 1984 "A Neutral Point" Scadding saw a badly copied version Arch Notes of the Huron verb "atonronton", July/Aug. pp19-23. meaning 'to be plenty' (Potier 1920:200 #22) appearing in the "What made the Wenro writing of Baron Lahontan, and turn Turtle?" Arch thought he saw 'Toronto'. He had the Notes May/June pp17- wrong language (Huron rather than 19. Seneca) and the wrong form (it would have required pronomical prefixes "A Tale of Two before the initial -t- and -n-'s People" Arch Notes after all of the -O-'s). July/Aug. pp9-15.

Other errors exist, both in the "Ataronchronon: the Iroquoian and the Algonkian language Linguistic Evidence" entries in First Generations. Arch Notes ~~y/June pp47-48. But it is somewhat unfair to blame Matheson for the translation errors "Toanche: Not Where in First Generations. Competent Champlain Landed?" analysis of Native place and tribal Arch Notes names is difficult for the non- March/April pp29-33. linguist to find. Canadian books on placenames are uniformly bad on those derived from Native languages (although excellent works such as the "GazetteI' of Inuit Place Names of Nunavik" are beginning to appear).

Matheson's problem is a basic one. There is a great need for writers to present to the public good introductory works on our Native heritage, drawing upon information drawn from up-to-date archaeological, linguistic and physical and social anthropological research. Such works require a combination of the presentation skills of a good writer or teacher and the knowledge of one conversant with current scientific information from a breadth of sources. This combination is too rarely found. Without it a book fails. Unfortunately, such is the case with "First Generations". APPHOACHES TO ALGONQUIAN is true even for the relatively ARCHAOOIroY recent past, since adequate comparative data is often lacking. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference. Margaret Hanna and Brian The paper by Martin Magne and R.G. Kooyman, editors. The Archaeological Matson is a statistical analysis of Association of the University of two sets of similar projectile points Calgary. 1982. 288 pages, with from the interior of British illustrations and maps. Columbia. They separate culture areas based on a statistical analysis of point attributes.

Tltisis the latest, or perhaps just K.C.A. Dawson's paper on the Ojibwa the slowest, volume to appear from works with a number of ceramic the Chacmool conference at Calgary. assemblages from the later It is not a general sourcebook on prehistoric and historic periods of Algonkian archaeology. Rather, most Manitoba and Northern Ontario. He of the papers contained in it treats each Middle and Late Woodland constitute a survey of the methods ceramic tradition as an indicator of anthropologists use to grapple with a specific ethnic identity. This is ethnicity. The theme of the book used as a basis to measure ethnic revolves around the recognition and composition within the study region definition of prehistoric ethnic to show a long term wide ranging status, seen as cultural variation in occupation by Ojibwa peoples. both time and space. Algonkians, in Unfortunately, due the magnitude of most cases, are the particular ethnic this problem, such a simplified group in question. approach to ethnic identity and interaction cannot be reliable. The fourteen papers in this volume are drawn from the six sessions of Scott Hamilton's work concerns the the 1980conference. The majority of' Blackduck culture. He evaluates the papers are archaeological, although effects of a difference of all of anthropology's four environment, and thus subsistence subdisciplines have some orientation, between two sites with representation. Blackduck ceramics. He suggests the initiation of bison hunting by The lead paper by Leigh Syms Blackduck peoples upon their movement discusses the possible contributions from the boreal forest to the aspen each subdiscipline can make towards parkland of Manitoba. unravelling the problems of ethnicity. She also notes some Patricia Allen's paper develops a challenges each must overcome. In chronology for a multi-occupation New the case of archaeology, this Brunswick site. She tries to get a includes the need to address the grip on the ethnic identity of the relationship between material culture site's prehistoric inhabitants, but differences and "ethnic boundary as was the case with Noble, there are maintenance.f1 few local sites which Allen can use in comparison. A chronological study by William Noble tries to relate the succession Pauline Seeber updates Siebert's of assemblages from Larder Lake, Algonkian homeland theory, adding new ~1tario to variations in ethnic linguistic reconstructions and composition and identity. He notes archaeological data. She relates the the difficulty of assessing ethnicity speakers of Proto-Algonquian to the when using a direct historic approach archaeological Laurel culture and confined within a small region. This later to Point Peninsula. Edward and Mary Black Rogers' the Ojibwa discussed above. Here, he contribution is an ethnohistoric is primarily using archival accounts study dealing with the origin of the from European trading post operators. Cranes from a patriarch, who lived at His hypothesis is that the present the end of the 18th century, to an distribution of the Ojibwa is due to historically known Indian band in an,expansion as a result of the fur Northern Ontario. Such work can be trade. Original Ojibwa territory was used by archaeologists to develop the area north of Lake Huron and east models of ethnic origin, development, of Lake Supe~ior. To west of and diversity. Superior, Bishop holds, the land was inhabited by Assinibione people who Paul Proulx's paper is a linguistic were later displaced by the Ojibwa. prehistory of the Algonkian Unfortunately, as the papers in this languages, placing each developing volume are seven years old, we have language in space according to its no idea of any further exchange linguistic relationship to its sister between Dawson and Bishop on this languages. He also incorporates the matter. appearance of Iroquoian speakers and their effect upon neighbouring Finally, Norman Williamson presents a Algonkian languages. collection of worked glass artifacts from historic Manitoba sites and a David Pokotylo re-examines J.V. discussion of their validity as Wright's Shield Archaic with a products of intentional use. multivariate analysis of Wright's published tool assemblages. He finds In conclusion, although the a rough correlation between certain recognition of prehistoric ethnic tool classes and sites that suggests status is a difficult problem to a functional difference between these solve, papers in this volume show sites. that it can be done. The mix of approaches presented and the R. G. Matson appears again with a contribution each can make attest to comparison of adjacent culture this. This volume is recommended for histories in order to isolate changes all, not just Algonkianists, who are in the artefact assemblages interested in defining prehistoric indicative of ethnic change. In this ethnicity. way, he can show an Athabaskan in- migration by a break in one of the cultural sequences, which up to that point in time were otherwise similar. This resulting culture pattern corresponds to the distribution of ethnic groups at the time of European ARCH NOTES contact. The views ex~ressed in this publication do not necessarily Next is a history by Nancy Lurie of represent the views of the the termination of the Menominee Editor or of the reservation in Wisconsin by the U.S. ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY government. She describes the fight for its reinstatement by the Menominee--a modern study of ethnicity and the struggle to preserve it.

Charles Bishop, using an ethnohistoric database, argues against Dawson's interpretation of Another cherished assumption falls victim to modern science: the boomerang may have been invented in Poland. I am writing to offer a correction to an item in ARCH NOTES 87-5 in the What is thought to be the world's report on Martin Cooper's talk "The oldest known boomerang has been found Neutrals of the Niagara Peninsula", in a Polish cave, but scientists are pp. 26-27. not about to throw the 23,OOO-year- old artifact to see whether it comes There is a mistake in the spelling of back. the late Dr. Marian E. White's name, which I see repeated in many places. The cave, at Oblazowa Park in I was a graduate student under Dr. southern Poland, also contained a White at the State University of New human thumb bone and the teeth and York at Buffalo from the time of my bones of a variety of amphibians, arrival there in August, 1971 through birds, reptiles and mammals. the day of her death, nearly 12 years ago on October 31, 1975. I saw Dr. The cave may have been a temporary White sign her name many times and home for migratory inhabitants of now possess the stamp she used to central Europe in paleolithic times, sign her name as well. She spelled three Polish researchers say in the her first name with an "a" and not an new issue of the British journal, liD"; Marian, not Marion. Nature.

This error even appears on some of The 0.6-metre-long device, made frmn her publications. I know it may seem a mammoth's tusk, is considered a a small misuu,e to call to your boomerang because of its shape, attention, but archaeology depends rather than any evidence of its upon accurate observations and ability to return to the thrower. references; neither does anyone like to see their name spelled Returning ability may be affected by incorrectly. Dr. White was one of flaws in manufacture or by later the finest archaeologists I have had damage, and is "impossible to verify the good fortune to work with. She in an archaeological specimen, say had many friends and associates on researchers Paul Valde-Now~{, Adam both sides of the Canada-United Nadochowski and Mieczyslaw Wolsan. States border. When we remember her work it would be well to spell her Their article suggests that the best name correctly. I hope you will way to find out whether it is a true print a correction in the next ARCH boomerang would be an experiment with NOTES. a replica.

Boomerangs and killing sticks have been found on five continents. Some Neal Trubowitz, Ph.D. cave paintings in North Africa datir~ Assistant Professor to perhaps 7,000 B.C. are thought to depict boomerang-like objects, the article says. The oldest boomerangs found in Australia may be 10,000 ARCHAEOUXHSTS UNEARTH TIlE years old. roLISH lnl1ERANG The Polish discovery is "the oldest From The Globe and Mail definite find of this kind of October 2, 1987 weapon. OLD INDIAN MAP HAS the significance of it," Mr. 'ItflENSEHISTORICAL VALUE,' Heidenreich said. "First, it is the EXPERT SAYS only known map that depicts the native groups of Eastern Canada prior From The Globe and Mail to the Iroquois wars of the 1640s. November 12, 1987 , "When those wars ended, the Algonquin A 350-year-old map with a mysterious tribes of the Ottawa Valley and the past is giving historians, agricultural people in Ontario had archeologists and geographers a been dispersed. Southern Ontario, unique glimpse of Eastern Canadian all the way to Sault Ste. Marie, was history. empty."

The Taunton map, which was found in Mr. Heidenreich said one mystery, how an archive in 1977, is the only the map came to be in England, has surviving n~p that was drawn with an been solved. Modern Jesuit scholars Indian concept of geography, John say John Montresor, a Royal Navy Steckley, an expert on native engineer, was quartered in the Jesuit languages, says. archives in Quebec after the fall of the city to Major-General James Mr. Steckley, a teacher at Toronto's Wolfe's army in 1759. Humber College, said the map was drawn with a distinctly Huron view of "Montresor, like other collectors and Ontario and parts of Quebec and New conquerors, helped himself to what he York State. liked. Part of his collection eventually ended up in the Royal Navy He said the map is the only survlvlng archives," Mr. Heidenreich said. document showing the tribes that lived in Eastern Canada that were Mr. Steckley, an expert on the Huron dispersed by the Iroquois in the language, said the map is of "immense 1640s. historical value" because the names of places and Indian tribes were The map details the Iroquois country written in llilron,allowing historians south of Lake Ontario and the St. to determine trade routes and native Lawrence River when the first white concepts of geography. The map was explorers, traders and priests drawn on a piece of deer hide. arrived. It is also the first map to show all five of the Great Lakes, Mr. Heidenreich said debate now although the cartographer greatly revolves around the question of who underestimated the size of Lake drew the map and when it was Michigan, and the extent and shapes finished. of the rest of the Upper Lakes were unclear to him. He said he believes the map was drawn in 1641, using information from three The map was found by Conrad sources: a map by the explorer Heidenreich, a University of Toronto Samuel Champlain, which survives; a historical geographer, while lost map by a Jesuit priest of the researching documents for a section Huron view of their country and of the Historical Atlas of Canada. neighbouring tribes, and a The document was unsigned and description of the Iroquois cOillltry undated. A copy of the map is in the from two French prisoners freed by public archives in Ottawa, but the the Iroquois in 1641. original remains in the Royal Navy archives in Taunton, England. He said scholars are still debating whether it was drawn by a surveyor or a Jesuit priest, who both lived at earlier to semi-deserts and brackish inland lakes, he said. Soon after the map was finished, the Iroquois confederacy struck at the This, and the gross physiological native groups of Ontario, destroying differences between Asian and the Huron, Petun, Neutral, Erie and Canadian species, made it unlikely Algonquin tribes and leaving Southern that they regularly came together, and Central Ontario almost empty for Dr. Russell now believes. more than a century. The two-month expedition fOWld the "It was a very bloody, very turbulent bones of 'a relative of the period of history. We are very brontosaurus, which was 25 to 30 fortunate to have this snapshot of metres long and weighed perhaps 30 what Ontario was like before the tonnes. However, unlike North Iroquois holocaust," Mr. Heidenreich American dinosaurs of its type, it said. had neck ribs 3.6 metres long.

Canadian scientists were amazed by DINa3AURS' MIGRATION the immensity of the unex-plored IN OOUBT Chinese fossil deposits their From The Globe and Mail expedition revealed. October, 1987 The expedition, the first visit by a East apparently did not mix with West Western fossil-collecting team to the when dinosaurs walked the earth. Gobi desert in more than 50 years, also had to contend with a variety of Evidence collected during a recently strange climatic and geological completed Canadian-Chinese fossil conditions in the desolate Jilllggar expedition in northern China seems to Basin. scotch theories that herds of migrating Asian and North American Not only was the -lO-memberteam hit dinosaurs mingled annually in Arctic by intense heat, dust storms and feeding grounds. blizzards in quick succession, but the rocks in which the dinosaur bones The migrating dinosaur theory had were embedded proved extremely hard. envisioned herds of up to 10,000 dinosaurs moving back and forth on a To get the fossils out, the land bridge across what is now the scientists were forced to use Bering Strait. Paleontologists dynamite. Besides loosening the suggested that these animals gathered dinosaur bones, the jolt threw up the in the 24-hour sunlight of Arctic skeletal remains of other animals at summers and separated during winter. the site.

Reached by telephone in Beijing, Dale "It rained turtles from one blast," Russell, a ClITatorwith the Museum of said Dr. Russell. Natural Sciences in Ottawa and one of the leading proponents of the The ex~ition, which is jointly migration theory, said: "I was sponsored by the Chinese Institute of stunned by how different the Vertebrate Paleontology and environment was in central Asia." Paleoanthropology, the Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology, the National Museum While Alberta dinosaurs were browsing of Natural Sciences and the Edmonton- more than 80 million years ago at the based Ex Terra Foundation, plans to lush edges of a large inland sea, go back to China and Inner ~10ngolia their Chinese cousins seemed to have in 1988 and 1989. adapted tens of millions of years OAS Chapters and other local heritage Well, it's that time of year again organizations may have a display folks. Licence renewal time! You space and table free to promote ,,,illnote that the ex-piry date on themselves. your current licence is December 31, 1987. In order to keep your licence current for 1988, you must apply for a renewal before it ex-pires. At the Society's 1987 Banquet, eleven members were recognized for having Please remember, however, that held OAS membership for twenty-five outstanding licence reports are due years. Their names were read to the before a renewal can be considered. assembly, and it was reported by Under the new procedures alU10uncedin President Christine L. Caroppo that the spring of 1987, the new these members will receive a scroll definition for "outstanding" means and special lapel-pin or brooch, as all licence reports for work they wish. One of the members so conducted in 1986 or earlier. Your honored, Dr. J. V. Wright, happened 1987 licence reports are due by to be the Banquet Speaker, and he was December 1988. The Ministry and the presented with his scroll and pin on Ontario Heritage Foundation have the spot. The remainder can ex-pect implemented this new procedure to to hear from the Society shortly. facilitate early processing of The honour-roll of Twenty-Five-Year licences. The logic follows that members now comprises the following while you are completing quality names: reports on 1987's work, we can be processing your licence for 1988. Dr. Jim Anderson J. R. ~lurray The new procedure worl

This is the last issue of AN for Fees for 1988 Membership (see the 1987, and time to wish alL members transcript of the Annual Business everywhere all the joys of the Meeting of the Society in this issue Christmas Season and a rewarding and productive year to come. PASSPORT TO THE PAST Dr. Lily Munro, Minister of Culture and Communic- ations, receives her Passport from O.A.S. President Christine Caroppo at the legislat- ive buildings, Queen's Park. Dr. Munro has already qualified f0r one stamp in her Passport -- she spent some time trowelling at the Thornton Blackwell site in 1985!

~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ > ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ Q ~ ~ ~ THE ONTARIO ARCHAIDLOGICAL SCX:IETY ever, several institutional ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING memberships have been lost OTrAWA, OCTOBER 24, 1987 due to the delay in publica- tions because of the death of The Annual Business Meeting of the Dr. R. Johnston. It is hoped Ontario Archaeological Society was to recover these when publica- held at 4:00 p.m. on Saturday, tions are back on schedule. October 25, 1987 at the Skyline The Society offered a special Hotel, 101 Lyon Street, Ottawa. publication for sale which is Thirty-seven members were in an inventory by C. Junker- attendance. Andersen pf the faunal reports available in the Faunal Ms. Christine L. Caroppo, President Osteology Lab., University of of the Society, chaired the meeting. Toronto. This is selling quite well. The Passport to 1. Minutes of the 1987 Annual the Past program was briefly Business Meeting were presented. outlined. The progr~n's com- puterized list of volunteers 2. Ms. Caroppo welcomed and thanked and user agencies will assist all those members who attended and in continuing the Society's called the meeting to order. She role in such liaison. The noted that the average attendance Society will still function as at these meetings is only five an information source for percent, therefore this makes the members not enrolled in the decisions for all members. The program. The Society now president introduced the current offers OAS pins for general executive and the Society admini- members as well as a twenty- strator: Treasurer - Michael five year recognition pin Kirby, Secretary - Marjorie Tuck, program, ten of which will be Directors - Norma Knowlton, Robert presented at the banquet along Burgar, Administrator - Charles with a certificate. Nomina- Garrad. tions for the MCC Volunteer Awards program will again be 3. Business arising from 1986 made. The possibility of a meeting. plaquing program was investi- 1. T. Stapells asked for the gated due to an interest ex- status of the advocacy manual. pressed in plaquing the Mac- He noted that a motion had been kenzie-Woodbridge site. made and passed and funding allo- Costs have proved this pro- cated for this project which had hibitive for the present. The been suggested and was to be un- OAS Awards Fund is growing; dertaken by Dr. Mima Kapches. C. awards will be made when the Caroppo reported that Dr. Kapches, fund is sufficiently large. who had lost her support members The first Ridley Certificate and been unable to complete the was produced and presented to project, was still committed to its first recipient, Dr. Ron it. Therefore, the Executive had Mason. The Society has been decided to continue the project advised that it is eligible for 1988, with a further reasses- and has applied for an endow- sment later in the year. ment for Ontario Archaeology. Because of good fiscal manage- 4. Reports of the Officers. ment, the Society has the President: C. Caroppo gave a necessary matching funds. brief outline of Society activi- Successful applications have ties. Membership is now 751, how- also been made for grants from MCC and SSHRCC (for OA). The Society had a successful bus been interpreted. The research is trip in August to Petunia and the almost completed but as Norma is Beaver Valley. The 1988 trip, resigning at year end, the project Belize and Beyond, is almost will have to be handed on. It is fully booked. The President hoped that the manual will stream- indicated that her special in- line the operation of the Society. terest has been in the advance- ment of better communications Administrator: The ",orkof the to the public and to Chapters. Society continues to grow and be- In this regard, the Society has come more complex. Membership and been represented at the Ontario the number of programs now in ef- Heritage Review Committee and fect to serve the Society are at an the Humber River Symposium. all-time high. Hrn.ever,Charles She has spoken at the Windsor Garrad indicated that his usual Chapter monthly meeting. speedy response time continues as does generally the same level of Secretary: ~mrjorie Tuck noted service. The Society is looking that essentially her reports are for office space as it has been given every month as the Execu- unable to find space in a heritage tive minutes represent her view building that is not cost prohibi- of the proceedings, usually with- tive. Any assistance and out much objection from the Execu- volunteers are welcome. tive. She promoted volunteer ism as an Executive member and thanked 5.Report of Committees. the members for giving her such 1. Arch Notes. Mike Kirby opportwlity. reported that this is now com- puterized. A complete ten year Treasurer: Michael Kirby pre- set of the newsletter is avail- sented the financial statement able for $79.99. He noted that as of October 21, 1987. Antici- new blood is needed and that he pated revenues for the year are is giving a two year notice as he $68,980, expenses are $67,380, will be resigning with #100. with a final credit balance of 2. Ontario Archaeology. The $1,600. Mike emphasized that death of the editor, Dr. Richard the member to taxpayer dollar Johnston, was a great loss, both ratio is only one to three. personally and professionally. Dr. Morgan Tamplin is interim editor Directors: Robert Burgar. His for #46. Dr. Peter Reid has been task have been to respond to con- appointed the new editor as of #47. cerns of the membership. Letters He announced that this issue is have been sent to various organiz- underway, but lnalluscriptsare ations WId levels of government to needed. He has five in the works, lobby on behalf of the Society. one of which has been passed by He investigated costs and proce- the reviewer and returned to the dures for a plaquing program. He author for revision. Some manu- also attended functions such as scripts have been received at the the Humber River Symposium. Symposium along with undertakings Norma Knowlton. Norma mentioned for others. Reviewers are needed. that all executive members contri- Good quality dot matrix manuscripts bute their voice and opInIons. are acceptable. He had no date for Her project is to produce a policy #47, manuscripts are the main manual. This has involved factor. researching thirty-six years of 3. Monographs in Ontario. Dr. executive and general minutes to Morgan Tamplin is editor for #2, discover what has been done and which has been mailed. why and how the Constitution has 4 . Computer. Thanks to a grant from ~ICC,the computer was the candidates for the director's acquired in ~1ay. M. Kirby position will be in Arch Notes. noted that as well as handling Arch Notes, it is capable of 8. Ne",Business. doing Chapter accounting if re- 1. 1988 Fee Increase. M. Kirby quested. IBM compatible disks spoke to the proposed fee in- are acceptable for Arch Notes. crease which is needed because The membership list will be on of inflation, increased costs and the dat-abase. A telephone line a need to be more finro1cially in- and modem will be installed in the dependent. Projected costs in- future. volve rental of office space and 5. Advocacy ~ual. Addressed a telephone listing to promote above. Society gro",th. A review of the 6. 1987 Symposium. Dr. Steven past ten years fees indicate an Cumbaa gave an interim update. average eleven percent increase. Registration was 160 and he No special membership categories thanked all the participants and are being created. volunteers. MOTION: I MOVE THEREFORE TIlATFEES FOR 1988 BE: INDIVIDUAL 6. Reports of Chapters. $20, FAMILY $25, INSTITU- Chapter reports, requested in a TIONAL $30 (NO INCREASE one page written format for the FOR 1988), LIFE $320. first time this year, were pre- M. Kirby/K. Oldrldge sented at the Presidents' meeting PASSED UNANI!'DUSLY. Friday evening. They will be 2. 1988 Symposium. Dr. Elizabeth available with the minutes of that Graham is Chairman for the meeting. Chapter presidents or Symposium ",hichwill be held in their representatives were intro- Toronto, October 22 and 23, at the duced: Grro1dRiver/Waterloo - Ken new YMCA, 20 Grosvenor Street. As Oldridge (Pres.), Ottawa - Dr. ESAF will be held in Toronto only Steven Cumbaa (Pres.), Thunder Bay two weeks after this, it was de- - Linda Larcombe (Rep.), Toronto- cided that a special topic was Dena Doroszenko (Pres.), Windsor- needed. Therefore, the symposium Rosemarie Denunzio (Pres.). will focus on Ontario archaeolo- Ottawa Chapter is compiling a gists abroad, those from Ontario series of notes for help in future who work elsewhere. Invited Symposium planning based on their speakers will be scheduled on experience. London celebrated its Saturday, speaking to general tenth romiversary as a chapter and themes which relate to similar Windsor will be celebrating its cultures in Ontario. This should tenth year in 1988. be attractive to the general public, not just to the converted. 7. Nominating Committee. There will be an open session The conwittee (Dr. M. Kapches, G. Sunday morning. Shepherd) report was given by C. Garrad. A full slate of officers 8. Other New Business. was presented for 1988: President 1. L. Larcombe requested that a - C. Caroppo, Treasurer - ~1.Kirby , copy of the Society brief presen- Secretary - M. Tuck, Directors (2 ted to the Ontario lIeritage Review to be elected) - R. Burgar, L. Committee be made available. This Jackson, A. Balmer, L. Ferguson. will be printed in Arch Notes. She Nominations from the floor "ere also noted that guidelines for requested and none being received, chapter briefs "auld have been the nominations were declared helpful. clos~l. Ballots for a mail-in 2. Passport questions. Cheryl vote and plCltformstatements from Smith, of Parks Canada, asl,edabout the criteria for user agencies and private consulting, I can offer and was advised that the Society the OAS a broad perspective and Has not responsible for contact- advice on a Hide r~e of ing agencies this year, but Hill archaeological matters. I have a be glad to list Parks Canada for province wide perspective and an 1988. A question as to whether interest in de\'eloping and past activities were eligible for maintaining a strong OAS presence Passport entries Has ansHered in within the Heritage co~nunity. I ~he affirmative. Stamps have think the OAS has lnade and can been distributed to user agencies continue to mal,ea major contribution ffi1dthe Society also has a stamp to archaeological ;.;ork in the to validate entries. province, and can provide an influential voice for progressive No other business forthcoming, the policies and legislation concernil~ President thacl,ed all those who archaeological issues. attended and the meeting was adjourned at 5:26 p.m.

Robert Burgar (MAl is the Project Archaeologist for the MetropoliUu1 Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. His responsibilities include: supervising an Heritage Inventory of Authority lands; addressing archaeological concerns as they pertain to the Authority; and, CANDIDATES FOR THE TWO directing the Boyd Archaeological POSITIONS OF DIRECTOR Field School. Bob's current research involves the spatial patterning in the distribution of lithic technologies, specifically those of I am standing for the position of Southern Ontario Archaic traditions. Director of the OAS. I have been a member of the OAS for about 14 years Bob is seeking re-election as and have a long term commitment to Director of The Ontario the society. I am also a member of a Archaeological Society for 1988. number of other archaeological During 1987, his responsibilities as societies. I have a r~e of Director have included: addressil~ experience in the province that Hould queries from Society members; contribute a broad I~rspective to the lobbying public and government Society Executive and the membership. organizations on behalf of the Society; and, representing the I have an MA in archaeology and have Society at various forums. Bob has been working for 14 years in Ontario found his role as Director to be archaeology. My experience covers challenging and rewarding and prehistoric and historic archaeology, believes that he will continue to be salvage and research oriented field a productive member of Executive. work, research, and contract work in most regions of northern and southern Ontario. I have held a consulting license for Ontario since 1984 and I am a graduate in Anthropology at have undertaken archaeological the University of Toronto. I am the assessments for a r~e of clients. Archaeological Assistant for the Metropolitan Toronto and Region With my experience in academic Conservation Authority, doing research, government contract work, excavation, laboratory Hork, survey and research, '''orking in the has taken the form uf frequent. Depart.ment of \';~",World Archaeol()g~~ \~oicirrgof concerns to the Ontario at t.he HOyal Ontario Museum. I have government. participated in many digs outside my job and have a t tended two U of T As the OAS continues to gro\,; I h0Uld fic'ldschools. I ha\'ebeen a member like to see executive perspective or the Ontario Archaeological Society strengthen beyond the greater Toronto for nilleyears, and I went on the 0.;\5 area. Concerns and issues affectirrg LJ'ipto Greece in 1985 <;hich \,;asboth Ontario archaeology are province enjoy~ableand informaU ve in the good wide. I am Ven" concerned by present company of other members. trends in the politicization of archaeology, from reburial issues to It is important to remember that the special interest organizations, and OAS represents the entire province. will work in my capacity as director As Director' I would be open to input t.olobby for greater involvement of from the membership because I think the OAS membership. it is vi tal for'members to be able to voice their opinions, and this should I am a strong advocate of the need be an integral part of the Director's for amateur contributions "hich bring job in addihon to letter writing and creativity, diligence, and enthusiasm other tasks. It is essential to to archaeology. I would like to promote good public relations so that encourage provincial organizations to the people have a positive attitude contribute to recognition of t.herole toward archaeology in Ontario. The of amateurs - donations to the Awards new Passport to the Past programme is Fund would be a l'elcome beginning. good for members who want to get An immediate concern is Mike ICirby's involved, as well as helping out notice that he hill retire from Arch- archaeologists. In addition, I think Notes on his lOath issue. This I can be a voice of students. I newsletter has become perhaps the believe and OAS library would benefit strongest society voice in the archaeology students in that it would northeastern are~ and is crucial to con'tain reports otherwise unavailable the democratic functionirrg of at university or other libraries. archaeology in Ontario. The preservation of our past is an important job and as Director I would If elected, I'll try to further the anticipate a challenging and interests of the OAS membership and interesting t~errll. of archaeology in Ontario within the mandate of t.heposition of Director.

Lm·irence Jackson, research archaeologist working in the Rice Lake area of soul~hern Ontario, graduated from Trent University's ~l.A.program in 1979. Special areas ,)1' interest are the history of Canadian archaeology, hunter- gat.he)'er cuIture, and the Ear ly Woodland. Involved with field work in Canada, a~ well as Central Amer ica, over' 'the past 16 years. Frequent cont.ributor' to Arch-t\otes, as well as refere&l journals of lesser note (American Antiquity .,• ~.u'chaeology! Quate.r:~~!:LResearch)_~ . Political inyolYement in archaeo10,£!;~' training for the current generation of professional.s and serious amateurs in the province and elsewhere in Canada.

~ill Russell was not a 'pioneer' of I am saddened to learn of the death Ontario archaeology in the sense that of Bill Russell, which was reported the term could be applied to in Arch Notes: 87-5. His Wintemburg or Norm Emerson, but he contributions to archaeology in was a link, a connection between the Ontario are noted therein and need generation of the pioneers and the not be repeated here. It is as a many of us who are now active in the friend and a colleague that I wish to discipline. put down a few persrn1al thoughts on his career. I may also say, and I think those who knew Bill reasonably well would I got to know Bill in the later '60's agree, that he was a good fellow to as an undergraduate in the University work with, outgoing, jolly, and of Toronto's anthropology programme. possessed of a generous spirit. At that time he was working on the Ontario's archaeology is the richer Fournier project, and at my for his participation in it. importunings he agreed to take me on as a volunteer for the 1968 field season. He even managed to pay me something out of the project's shoestring budget. Although this was not my first dig (I had already received some exposure to the trade of the prehistorian at the epic U of T fall digs at the Warminster site), it was the first time I felt I was contributing as a more or less integral member of a field project. Until the summer of '68 I had been hovering round the edges of archaeology. Bill gave me the At the Society's Annual Business opportunity to enter into the Meeting in OCtober, the current discipline. He thus stands as one of President (Christine L. Caroppo), the three or four people who were Secretary (Marjorie L. Tuck) and crucial to my training as an Treasurer (Michael W. Kirby) were archaeologist. returned to the same offices for 1988. For the two Directorships I am not the only one who so there were four candidates confirmed, benefitted from Bill Russell's necessitating an election. In patronage. The '68 Fournier crew accordance with the Society's also included Roberta O'Brien, the Constitution, this will be by mail, late Marci Stothers, Dave Morrison, to allow the entire membership to and Jamie Hunter, and for the last participate. two, I believe, the project also represented their first serious Statements by each of the four experience in archaeology. Bill candidates, Ann Balmer, Bob Bur~ar, ~lssell was thus one of a small but Lise Ferguson and Lawrence Jackson, crucial group of field researchers will be found elsewhere in this active at Toronto and elsewhere in issue. Separately enclosed you will the l.ater '60's and early '70's, who find your ballot slip. Please provided the opportunities and the complete and return it right a\~y. The Care of Antiques and Historical Collections, A.Bruce ~~cleish Legacy of the ~Bchault: A Collection ($20.50) of Eighteenth Century Artifacts, Early Ontario Potters: Their Craft Catherine Sullivan. ($9.50) and Trade Including a Checl\listof:' ~eaponrv from the Machault: An Pottery Marks for the Collector, Eighteenth Century French Frigate, David L. Newlffi1ds($29.95) Douglas Bryce ($5.10) ~ottles and Bot.tleCollec~, A.A.C. The Excavation of the Machault: An Hedges ($3.95) Eighteenth Century French Frigate, Glass of the British Hilitarx...1755- Walter Zacharchuk and Peter J. A. 1820, Olive R. Jones and E. Ann Smith Waddell ($4.75) ($7.95) Rescue Archeology: Papers from th~ Cvlindrical English Wine anLll~~ First New World Conference on Rescue Bottles 1735-1850, Olive R. Jones Arc~ology, (ed.) Rex L.Wilson and ($9.50) Gloria Loyola ($20.00) Early Ontario Glass, Gerald Stevens Lighting Devices in the t\ational ($1.25) Reference Collection, Parks Canada, Glass Beads: The Nineteenth~ntur~ E. 1. Woodhead, C. Sullivan and G. Levin Catalogue and Venetian Bead Gasset ($5.50) Book and Guide to Des~ription of The New Hamburg Pottery, New Hamburg, Q).as~~_ads, lYork Boulevard Olive Jones, Catherine Sullivan et al Hamilton, Ontario L8R 3H1 ($12.25) (416)522-5313 Encyclopaedia of British Pottery and porcelain Marks, Geoffrey A. Godden, F.R.S.A. ($59.50) Nineteenth Century PotterY and A St. Lawrence lroquoian Exhibition Porcelain in Canada, Elizabeth based on the archaeological Collard ($25.00) excavations at the Maynard-:'1cKeo\m American Stonewares, The Art anq Village Site was inaugurated on Craft. of Utilitarian --.£.otters, Thursday November 19th. The r~orgeanna H. Greer ($67.95) Exhibition will continue at Knox ~~tique Iron: Survey of American and Hall, St. U\\JI'ence Street, EDglis~--E9rms Fifteenth through l'lerricklIe,vi Ontario, lmtil further ~_~~teenth Centuri~§, Herbert, Peter notice. and Nancy Shiffer ($59.50) ~e Brass Book: American, English The !'laynard-~'1cKpos"i'ten exca\'ations ~d European Fifteenth Century to during 1987 were conducted by !Jr. lJtlill, Pet.er, Nancy and Herbert. .JamesPendergast. The exhibition is Schiffer ($76.95) sponsored by The H,'ritage clerrickvilIe FOlmdation. GRANDRIVER/WATERLOO President: Ken Oldridge (519) 821-3112 Vice-President: Marcia Redmond Treasurer: Marilyn Cornies-Milne Secretary: Lois McCulloch, 40 Woodside Road, Guelph, Ontario, NIG 2G9 Newsletter: THE BIRDSTONE - Editor: John D. A. MacDonald Fees: Individual $6 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 3rd Wednesday of the month, except June - August, at the Adult Recreation Centre, 185 King Street W., Waterloo.

LONDON President: Neal Fen-is (519) 433-8401 Vice-President: Linda Gibbs Treasurer: George Connoy Secretary: Robert Pearce, 55 Centre Street, London, Ontario, N6J 1T4 Newsletter: KEWA - Editor: Ian Kenyon Fees: Individual $12 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 2nd Thursday of the month, except June - August, at the Museum of Indian Archaeology.

NIAGARA President: Jim Pengelly (416) 834-7802 Vice-Presidents: Ian Brindle, David Briggs Treasurer/ Secretary: Marilynne Box, 59 Tennessee Ave., Port Colborne, Ont., L3K 2R8 Newsletter: Editor: Jon Jouppien Fees: Individual $6 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 3rd Friday of the month at Room H313, Science Complex, Brock University, St. Catharines.

OTTAWA President: Stephen L. Cumbaa (613) 725-1562 Vice-President: Marian Clark Treasurerl Secretary: Peggy Smyth, Box 4939, Station E, Ottawa, Ontario, KIS 5Jl Newsletter: THE OTTAWA ARCHAEOLOGIST - Editor: Fees: Individual $15 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 2nd Wednesday of the month, except June - August, at the Victoria Memorial Building, Metcalfe & McLeod Streets, Ottawa.

THUNDER BAY President: Frances Duke (807) 683-5375 Vice-President: George Holborn Treasurer: Secretary: 331 Hallam St., Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7 A lL9 Newsletter: WANIKAN- Editor: George Holborn Fees: Individual $9 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the last Wednesday of the month, except June - August, at the National Exhibition Centre, Balmoral Ave., Thunder Bay.

TORONTO President: Dena Doroszenko (416) 537-6732 Vice-President: Tony Stapells Treasurer: Marjorie Clarkson Secretary: Annie Gould, 74 Carsbrooke Rd., Etobicoke, Ontario, M9C 3C6 Newsletter: PROFILE - Editor: Jane Sacchetti Fees: Individual $8 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 3rd Wednesday of the month, except June - August, at Room 561A, Sidney Smith Hall, SL George Street, Toronto.

WINDSOR President: Rosemary Denunzio (519) 253-1977 Vice-President: Treasurer: Norman Vincent Secretary: Garth Rumble, 454 Tecumseh Rd., R.R.l, Tecumseh, OnL, N8N 2L9 Newsletter: SQUIRREL COUNTY GAZETTE - Editor: Peter Reid Fees: Individual $4 Meetings: Usually at 7.30pm on the 2nd Tuesday of the month, except June - August, at Windsor Public Library, 850 Ouellette Avenue, Windsor. (i) The Ontario Archaeological Society INC. BOX 241, POSTAL STATION P, TORONTO, ONTARIO M55 258

Ms Christine Caroppo Mr. Michael W. Kirby !"Is Marjorie Tuck 142 Glebeholme Blvd. 1225 Avenue Road 4 Eastglen Cres. Toronto, Ontario Toronto, Ontario Islington, Ontario M4J IS6 M5N 2G5 M9B 4P7 (416) 466-0460 (416) 484-9358 (416) 622-9706

Ms Norma Knowlton Mr. Robert Burgar 418 Bouchier Street 55 Faywood Blvd. Apt,#107 General Delivery North York, Ontario Roches Point, Ontario M3H 2Xl LOE IPO (416) 636-5229 (416) 476-4747

Mr. Michael W. Kirby Dr. Peter Reid 1225 Avenue Road Department of Sociology & Toronto, Ontario Anthropology M5N 2G5 University of Windsor (416) 484-9358 Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4 (519) 253-4232

Mr. Charles Garrad 103 Anndale Drive Willow dale, Ontario M2N 2X3 (416) 223-2752

Scientific Journal: ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGY Individual: $16 Newsletter: ARCH NOTES Family: $20 Monographs: MONOGRAPHS IN ONTARIO Institu tional: $30 ARCHAEOLOGY Life: $250 Chapter Fees Extra