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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) - Past, Present, and Progress and Present, Conversionpast, - Energy (OTEC) Thermal Ocean Edited by Albert S. Kim and Hyeon-Ju Kim Ocean Thermal(OTEC) Energy - Past,Conversion Present, and Progress The 21st century is characterized as an era of natural resource depletion, and humanity is faced with several threats due to the lack of food, energy, and water. Climate change Ocean Thermal Energy and sea-level rise are at unprecedented levels, being phenomena that make predicting the future of ocean resources more complicated. Oceans contain a limitless amount Conversion (OTEC) of water with small (but finite) temperature differences from their surfaces to their Past, Present, and Progress floors. To advance the utilization of ocean resources, this book readdresses the past achievements, present developments, and future progress of ocean thermal energy, from basic sciences to sociology and cultural aspects. Edited by Albert S. Kim and Hyeon-Ju Kim ISBN 978-1-78985-571-5 Published in London, UK © 2020 IntechOpen © Marko Blazevic / unsplash Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) - Past, Present, and Progress Edited by Albert S. Kim and Hyeon-Ju Kim Published in London, United Kingdom Supporting open minds since 2005 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) - Past, Present, and Progress http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86591 Edited by Albert S. Kim and Hyeon-Ju Kim Contributors Weimin Liu, Yun Chen, Yunzheng Ge, Lei Liu, Alejandro García Huante, Yandy Rodríguez Cueto, Erika Paola Garduño Ruíz, Ricardo Efraín Hernández Contreras, Alonso Pérez Pérez, Mauricio Andres Latapi Agudelo, Graciela Rivera Camacho, Estela Cerezo-Acevedo, Victor Manuel Romero Medina, Miguel Alatorre Mendieta, Jessica Guadalupe Tobal Cupul, Elda Gomez Barragan, Juan Francisco Bárcenas Graniel, Enrique Celestino Carrera Chan, María Fernanda Sabido Tun, Hyeon-Ju Kim, Michael Petterson, Ho-Saeng Lee, Seung-Taek Kim, Jung-In Yoon, Abu Bakar Jaafar, Mohd Khairi Abu Husain, Azrin Ariffin © The Editor(s) and the Author(s) 2020 The rights of the editor(s) and the author(s) have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights to the book as a whole are reserved by INTECHOPEN LIMITED. The book as a whole (compilation) cannot be reproduced, distributed or used for commercial or non-commercial purposes without INTECHOPEN LIMITED’s written permission. Enquiries concerning the use of the book should be directed to INTECHOPEN LIMITED rights and permissions department ([email protected]). Violations are liable to prosecution under the governing Copyright Law. Individual chapters of this publication are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial 4.0 International which permits use, distribution and reproduction of the individual chapters for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author(s) and source publication are appropriately acknowledged. More details and guidelines concerning content reuse and adaptation can be found at http://www.intechopen.com/copyright-policy.html. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. First published in London, United Kingdom, 2020 by IntechOpen IntechOpen is the global imprint of INTECHOPEN LIMITED, registered in England and Wales, registration number: 11086078, 7th floor, 10 Lower Thames Street, London, EC3R 6AF, United Kingdom Printed in Croatia British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Additional hard and PDF copies can be obtained from [email protected] Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) - Past, Present, and Progress Edited by Albert S. Kim and Hyeon-Ju Kim p. cm. Print ISBN 978-1-78985-571-5 Online ISBN 978-1-78985-572-2 eBook (PDF) ISBN 978-1-83880-521-0 An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org We are IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 4,800+ 122,000+ 135M+ Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 151 Top 1% 12.2% Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities TE A NA A LY IV T R I A C L S C BOOK CITATION INDEX I N D E X E D Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Meet the editors Dr. Albert S. Kim is currently a full professor at the Depart- ment of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He has been teaching in the department since 2001, after he earned his MS (1997) and PhD (2000) in Civil and Environmental Engineering from the University of California at Los Angeles. Dr. Kim’s scientific accomplishments include the National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career (CAREER) Award in 2005, the University of Hawaii Regents’ Medal for Excellence in Research in 2006, and the University of Hawaii Regents’ Medal for Excellence in Teaching in 2017. Professor Kim has published more than 60 peer-reviewed journal papers and six book chapters, and edited two open access books. Hyeon-Ju Kim has been the leader of R&D and Industrialization of Seawater Resource and its Utilization Plant at the Korea Re- search Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO) since 2005, and is Senior Director of the Offshore Plant and Marine Energy Research Division. He has managed DOWA (Deep Ocean Water Application) and OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conver- sion) projects funded by the Korean government since 2000. His team carried out a demonstration test by floating a 1 MW OTEC plant in 2019. He holds a doctoral degree in Ocean Engineering from Pukyoung National University, and is an ocean engineering specialist licensed in Korea. His professional experience ranges from theoretical analysis to experimental evaluation of sea water utilization systems for food, energy, and water. Contents Preface III Section 1 Perspective and Overview 1 Chapter 1 3 Can Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion and Seawater Utilisation Assist Small Island Developing States? A Case Study of Kiribati, Pacific Islands Region by Michael G. Petterson and Hyeon Ju Kim Chapter 2 31 The Social Energy: Contexts for Its Assessment by Alonso Pérez Pérez, Mauricio Latapí Agudelo and Graciela Rivera Camacho Section 2 Technical and Theoretical 49 Chapter 3 51 Current Development and Prospect of Turbine in OTEC by Weimin Liu, Yunzheng Ge, Lei Liu and Yun Chen Chapter 4 79 Novel OTEC Cycle Using Efficiency Enhancer by Hosaeng Lee, Seungtaek Lim, Jungin Yoon and Hyeonju Kim Chapter 5 99 Analysis and Development of Closed Cycle OTEC System by Estela Cerezo Acevedo, Jessica G. Tobal Cupul, Victor M. Romero Medina, Elda Gomez Barragan and Miguel Angel Alatorre Mendieta Section 3 Case Studies and Assessments 113 Chapter 6 115 Research and Development Activities of Ocean Thermal Energy-Driven Development in Malaysia by A. Bakar Jaafar, Mohd Khairi Abu Husain and Azrin Ariffin Contents Preface XIII Section 1 Perspective and Overview 1 Chapter 1 3 Can Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion and Seawater Utilisation Assist Small Island Developing States? A Case Study of Kiribati, Pacific Islands Region by Michael G. Petterson and Hyeon Ju Kim Chapter 2 31 The Social Energy: Contexts for Its Assessment by Alonso Pérez Pérez, Mauricio Latapí Agudelo and Graciela Rivera Camacho Section 2 Technical and Theoretical 49 Chapter 3 51 Current Development and Prospect of Turbine in OTEC by Weimin Liu, Yunzheng Ge, Lei Liu and Yun Chen Chapter 4 79 Novel OTEC Cycle Using Efficiency Enhancer by Hosaeng Lee, Seungtaek Lim, Jungin Yoon and Hyeonju Kim Chapter 5 99 Analysis and Development of Closed Cycle OTEC System by Estela Cerezo Acevedo, Jessica G. Tobal Cupul, Victor M. Romero Medina, Elda Gomez Barragan and Miguel Angel Alatorre Mendieta Section 3 Case Studies and Assessments 113 Chapter 6 115 Research and Development Activities of Ocean Thermal Energy-Driven Development in Malaysia by A. Bakar Jaafar, Mohd Khairi Abu Husain and Azrin Ariffin Chapter 7 129 General Criteria for Optimal Site Selection for the Installation Preface of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Plants in the Mexican Pacific by Alejandro García Huante, Yandy Rodríguez Cueto, Erika Paola Garduño Ruiz and Ricardo Efraín Hernández Contreras Chapter 8 145 The 21st century does not have a readily available non-fossil energy source that is Environmental Impact Assessment of the Operation of an Open large enough to be exploited on the requisite scale. The seven types of renewable Cycle OTEC 1MWe Power Plant in the Cozumel Island, Mexico energy include solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, ocean, hydrogen, and by Enrique Celestino Carrera Chan, María Fernanda Sabido Tun, biomass processes. Among them, the ocean can produce two kinds of energy: Juan Francisco Bárcenas Graniel and Estela Cerezo Acevedo thermal energy using the depth-induced temperature difference between surface and deep seawater, and kinetic energy using the waves, ebbs, and flows of the tides. The former is specifically called ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), and comes from an original idea written in a science fiction novel 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1870) by a French novelist, poet, and playwright, Jules Gabriel Verne. Those scientists who have devoted their passion to OTEC include Jacques Arsene d’Arsonval and his former student Georges Claude for open-cycle OTEC from the 1880s to the 1930s, and J.
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