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NEO-IAS-Daily-Newsletter-16Th-December-2019-Copy NEO IAS Daily Newsletter TARGET PRELIMS 2020 (TPS 2020) Daily Prelims Current Affairs 16th December, 2019 | Prelims Countdown: 166 Days Join our ECONOMY Prelims Telegram Channel: https://t.me/NEOIASECONOMYPRELIMS Join our Prelims Telegram Channel for Regular Updates: https://t.me/NEOIASPRELIMS Subscribe our YouTube channel for daily current affairs videos: www.youtube.com/neoias TABLE OF CONTENTS UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage Gene Therapy Cancer Ellora & Ajanta Caves National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management National Economic Census Sustainable Development Cell International Geological Congress (IGC) Wi-Fi Calling For any further enqueries, kindly Trakea contact us on: 9446331522, 9188152205 Note: We attempt to cover new issues UNESCO LIST OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE every day and drop the issues which are already covered. Therefore aspirants Why in news? are advised to regularly follow NEO UNESCO, the United Nations agency for education, culture and science has IAS daily current affairs material and recognized the “Nuad” Thai massage as part of its Representative List of the video for a guaranteed success in Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Prelims 2020. NEO IAS daily current More about the news affairs stands out from other daily The Nuad Thai massage was one among the 41 nominees that current affairs by its exclusive UPSC submitted their applications to be considered for inclusion in the list. prelims focus on aspects that lie in and Other entries included the music and dance of Dominican Bachata beyond current affairs. submitted by the Dominican Republic, Indonesia’s traditions of Pencak Silat and Kosiv painted ceramics from Ukraine among others. Nuad Thai massage The Nuad massage teachings focus on directing blood circulation around problem areas that help in solving muscle aches. Vis-à-vis traditional massages, in Nuad massages the therapists may use their forearms and knees to apply pressure. UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage The list is made up of those intangible heritage elements that help demonstrate diversity of cultural heritage and raise awareness about its importance. NEO IAS 0484-4030104, 9446331522 www.neoias.com|https://www.youtube.com/neoias Page 1 of 6 The list was established in 2008 when Convention for Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage came into effect. UNESCO maintains three lists under its Intangible Cultural Heritage banner: The list of intangible cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding. The list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity. Register of good safeguarding practices. Some of the criteria for inclusion in the representative list are if the inscription of the element will ensure visibility and awareness of it and if the element has been nominated after having “the widest possible participation” of the community, group or individuals concerned and with their free, prior and informed consent. For inclusion of an element in this list, State Parties (states that are bound by the 2003 UNESCO Convention) have to submit a nomination dossier so that it can be examined and evaluated by the Committee. The UNESCO Committee meets annually to evaluate nominations that are proposed by the States themselves. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages from India S.No. ICH Element Year of Inscription 1. Tradition of Vedic chanting 2008 Ramlila, the traditional performance 2008 2. of the Ramayana 3. Kutiyattam, Sanskrit theatre 2008 Ramman, religious festival and ritual 4. theatre of the Garhwal Himalayas, 2009 India Mudiyettu, ritual theatre and dance 2010 5. drama of Kerala Kalbelia folk songs and dances of 6. 2010 Rajasthan 7. Chhau dance 2010 Buddhist chanting of Ladakh: recitation of sacred Buddhist texts in 2012 8. the trans-Himalayan Ladakh region, Jammu and Kashmir, India Sankirtana, ritual singing, drumming 9. 2013 and dancing of Manipur Traditional brass and copper craft of 10. utensil making among the Thatheras 2014 of Jandiala Guru, Punjab, India Yoga 2016 11. 12. Nawrouz, 2016 13. Kumbh Mela 2017 GENE THERAPY Why in news? ICMR comes up with guidelines for gene therapy product development, clinical trials. NEO IAS 0484-4030104, 9446331522 www.neoias.com|https://www.youtube.com/neoias Page 2 of 6 Gene Therapy: Gene therapy is a technique in which genes are inserted into an individual’s cells and tissues to treat or prevent disease. The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. Types of Gene Therapy: Gene therapy classified into two types: Somatic cell gene therapy (SCGT): In SCGT the therapeutic genes are transferred into any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte, or undifferentiated stem cell. Any such modifications affect the individual patient only, and are not inherited by offspring. Somatic gene therapy represents mainstream basic and clinical research, in which therapeutic DNA is used to treat disease. This technique is considered as the best and safest method of gene therapy. Germ line gene therapy (GGT): In GGT germ cells (sperm or egg cells) are modified by the introduction of functional genes into their genomes. Modifying a germ cell causes all the organism's cells to contain the modified gene. Germ line gene therapy is not legal in many places as the risks outweigh the rewards. The change is therefore heritable and passed on to later generations. Applications of Gene Therapy It is used in the replacement of genes that cause medical ill-health The method generally destroys the problem causing genes It helps the body to fight against diseases by adding genes to the human body This method is employed to treat diseases such as cancer, ADA deficiency, cystic fibrosis, etc. CANCER Why in news? Modicare data shows rise in cancer cases. Cancer: Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and spread of cells. The uncontrolled cell division leading to the formation of a mass of cells called as tumors. Tumors are of two types: Benign tumors: Benign tumors normally remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts of the body and cause little damage. Malignant tumors: They are a mass of proliferating cells called neoplastic or tumor cells. These cells grow very rapidly, invading and damaging the surrounding normal tissues. Causes of cancer: Transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells may be induced by physical, chemical or biological agents called as carcinogens. Physical carcinogens- ionizing radiation like X-rays, gamma rays and non-ionizing radiations like UV radiation of sun. Chemical carcinogens- tobacco smoke and some other chemicals. NEO IAS 0484-4030104, 9446331522 www.neoias.com|https://www.youtube.com/neoias Page 3 of 6 Biological carcinogens- o Cancer causing viruses are called oncogenic viruses have genes called viral oncogenes. o Cellular oncogenes or proto-oncogenes in normal cells, when get activated lead to oncogenic transformation of normal cells. Cancer detection: Cancer detection is based on biopsy and histopathological studies of the tissue and blood and bone marrow tests for increased cell counts in the case of leukemias. Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are very useful to detect cancers of the internal organs. ELLORA & AJANTA CAVES Why in news? Visitor centres at Ajanta, Ellora shut due to pending dues. Ellora Caves: Location - Aurangabad in Maharashtra. Ellora, with its uninterrupted sequence of monuments dating from A.D. 600 to 1000, brings the civilization of ancient India to life. The 34 "caves" are actually structures excavated out of the vertical face of the Charanandri hills. These caves are dedicated to Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism religions. The Ellora Caves were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. Ellora represents the epitome of Indian rock-cut architecture. Cave 16 - the Kailasha temple o The largest single monolithic rock excavation in the world. o A chariot shaped monument dedicated to Shiva. Ajanta Caves: Location :Near Aurangabad district of Maharashtra Constructed between 2nd Century BC to 6th Century AD. It consists of 30 caves with one incomplete so sometimes considered 29. The paintings and sculptures of Ajanta, considered masterpieces of Buddhist religious art, have had a considerable artistic influence. Patronage: Satavahanas, Vakatakas and Chalukyas Chronology of Construction: 2nd-1st Century BC – Hinayana Phase 5th – 6th Century AD – Mahayana Phase The Ajanta Caves were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. NATIONAL CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL MANAGEMENT Why in news? The National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM) is established under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change to undertake studies and research in the area of Coastal Zone Management including coastal resources and environment. National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management Location: Chennai, Tamilnadu The aims and Objectives of the Centre are: Strive for being a World Class Knowledge Institution related to coastal zones, environment, resources and processes, NEO IAS 0484-4030104, 9446331522 www.neoias.com|https://www.youtube.com/neoias Page 4 of 6 To promote integrated and sustainable management of the coastal and marine areas in India for the benefit and wellbeing of the traditional coastal and island communities, and Advice the Union and State Governments and other associated stakeholder(s) on policy, and scientific
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