Swearwords on the Main Characters of “Bohemian Rhapsody” Movie: Sociolinguistics Perspective

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SWEARWORDS ON THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF “BOHEMIAN RHAPSODY” MOVIE: SOCIOLINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting Bachelor Degree of English Department

By: TRIYONO A320150087

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA 2019

APPROVAL

SWEARWORDS ON THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF “BOHEMIAN

RHAPSODY” MOVIE: SOCIOLINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE

PUBLICATION ARTICLE

Written by:

TRIYONO

A320150087

Approved by : Consultant

Dr. Maryadi, MA. NIP: 19580304 198601 3 0 0 1

ACCEPTANCE

SWEARWORDS ON THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF “BOHEMIAN

RHAPSODY” MOVIE: SOCIOLINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE

PUBLICATION ARTICLE

by:

TRIYONO A320150087

Accepted by the Board Examiners English Departement School of Teacher and Training Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta On August 2019 The Board Examiners

1. Dr. Maryadi, M.A. ( ) (Head of Examiner) 2. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D. ( ) (Member 1 of Examiner) 3. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum ( ) (Member II of Examiner)

Dean,

Prof. Dr. Harun Prayitno, M. Hum. NIP. 19650428 199303 1 001

PRONOUNCEMENT

Herewith, I testify that in this article there is no plagiarism of previous literary works which have been raised to obtain bachelor degree of certain university, nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or published by others, except those in which the writing is referred to in the manuscript and mentioned in literary review and bibliography. Hence later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this testimony, I will fully be responsible.

Surakarta, 29th of July 2019

The writer

Triyono A320150087

iii

SWEARWORDS ON THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF “BOHEMIAN RHAPSODY” MOVIE: SOCIOLINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) untuk menemukan tipe-tipe kata-kata umpatan oleh karakter utama di film “Bohemian Rhapsody” (2) untuk menemukan alasan kata- kata umpatan oleh karakter utama di film “Bohemian Rhapsody” untuk mengumpat. Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan data yang diambil dari naskah film “Bohemian Rhapsody”. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan teori oleh Anderson and Trudgil (1992) dan Magnus Ljung (2010) untuk menyajikan data dengan kode, penomoran semua dan menjelaskan tipe-tipe dan alasan kata-kata umpatan oleh karakter utama film “Bohemian Rhapsody”. Hasilnya, peneliti menemukan (1) 66 data tipe kata-kata umpatan yang terdiri dari 29 (43.7%) expletive swearing (ES), 22 (33%) (abusive swearing (ABS), 3 (4.5%) humorous (HS), 12 (18,2%) auxiliary swearing (AS). (2) 66 data alasan penggunaan kata-kata umpatan yang terdiri dari 44 (66,7%) psychological motives (PM), 9 (13,5%) social motives (SM), 13 (19,7%) linguistic motives. Expletive swearing lebih mendominasi tipe kata-kata umpatan. Itu menunjukan bahwa karakter utama menggunakan kata-kata umpatan untuk mengekpresikan rasa emosi, kecewa, dan frustasi. Psychological motives merupakan alasan pemakaian kata-kata umpatan yang paling dominan yang digunakan oleh karakter utama. Itu menunjukan bahwa alasan karakter utama menggunakan kata-kaa umpatan dipengaruh oleh perasaan emosi, kecewa dan frustasi.

Kata Kunci: sosiolinguistik, kata-kata umpatan, film bohemian rhapsody

Abstract This research aimes (1) to find the types of swearwords uttered by the main characters of “Bohemian Rhapsody” movie (2) to find the reasons for the main characters of “Bohemian Rhapsody” movie to swear. This is descriptive qualitative research with the data taken from “Bohemian Rhapsody” movie script. This research uses documentation technique for collecting data. In analyzing the data the researcher uses theory by Anderson and Trudgil (1992) and Magnus Ljung (2010) for presenting data with code, the numbering of all and describing types and reasons of swearwords for the main characters of Bohemian Rhapsody movie. As the results, the researcher found (1) 66 data the type of swear words. It consists of 29 (43.7%) expletive swearing (ES), 22 (33%) (abusive swearing (ABS), 3 (4.5%) humorous (HS), 12 (18,2%) auxiliary swearing (AS). (2) 66 data reasons for swear words. It consists of 44 (66,7%) psychological motives (PM), 9 (13,5%) social motives (SM), 13 (19,7%) linguistic motives. The expletive swearing is the preferred type of swearword. It means that the main characters used swearword to express his emotional feeling. The psychological motive is the dominant reason of swearword. It means that the reason of the main characters used swearword influenced by his emotional, anger, upset, frustration feeling.

Keywords: sociolinguistics, swearwords, bohemian rhapsody movie.

1. INTRODUCTION Interacting with people have a variety of language. Some people use formal and informal language in communication. When they are in some formal places and situations people generally used formal language like in church, mosquito, school, university, etc. Otherwise, the informal language used by people in public places like a traditional market, bus station, etc. Besides that, language always correlated to society. The communication achieved depend on the value that agreed by society. Somehow swearwords often used to deliver emotional meaning. It can reflect their feeling like anger, upset, glad, etc. The movie selected is “Bohemian Rhapsody” which can reflect the condition of society directed by Graham King, this movie tells about the history of Rock Star Freddie Mercury and his band Queen. They have succeeded in 1970. Their first album climbed the charts in America, and, during a band tour in the U.S, the movie was chosen because it reflects the use of swearwords in any social conditions. The choice of topic is based on interesting phenomena on the main characters of the film about the swearwords in a social context. Because swearwords are can be used in several conditions. It can be difficult to understand when the words that used is not appropriate with the social conditions. There are five previous studies; Dewaele (2004). The study about “The Emotional Force of Swearwords and Taboo Words in the Speech of Multilingual”. Baudin (2014). The study about “Swearing in English Among a Group of Female Malaysian”. Gao (2017). The study about “A Sociolinguistic Study of English Taboo Language”. Andang & Bram (2018). The study about “Swear Words and Their Implications for English Language Learning- Teaching”. Wulandari (2017). The study about “The Use of Swear Words in Pewdiepie’s Youtube Videos”. The researcher uses Anderson and Trudgil (1992) to classify all the data supported by Magnus Ljung (2010) to explain the type and reason of Swearwords in “Bohemian Rhapsody” movie script. There is 4 types of swearwords: The first Expletive Swearing is used to express emotions (such as anger, frustration or disappointment) and they are not directed towards others. “Hell!, Shit!”, and “God damn it!”. The second Abusive Swearing is directed towards others and is insulting or offensive. Abusive swearwords also include

namecalling and different types of curses. “You asshole!”, “You bastard!”, and “Go to hell”. The third is humorous swearing is directed towards others but they are not abusive; instead, they take on the opposite function and are playful. “Get your ass in gear!”. The fourth is auxiliary Swearing is not directed towards a person or a situation. In this case, swearing is a way of speaking and it is “often or always non-emphatic”. “fucking X”, “bloody Y”. There is 3 reasons for swearing: The first is psychological motives is produced is because people gave reaction to phenomena or incident around them. The second is social motives is involve more than one person and depends on an audience to have any real function. The third is linguistics motives is produced to give emphasis to certain words. They are used to deliver the message properly and to express amazement or shock. Regarding the research background, the problems raised by the researcher as follows: 1) What are the types of swear words uttered by the main characters of “Bohemian Rhapsody” movie? 2) What is the reason for swearing for the main characters of “Bohemian Rhapsody” movie? In this research, the researcher proposes two major objectives to be described as follows: 1) to describe the types of swearwords uttered by the main characters of “Bohemian Rhapsody” movie. 2) to describe the reasons for the main characters of “Bohemian Rhapsody” movie to swear.

2. METHOD This research is qualitative reasearch. The category of qualitative research, such as case study, politics and ethics, participatory inquiry, interviewing, participant observation, visual methods, and interpretive analysis. The purpose of this type of research tends to be descriptive than predictive. It is focuses on the swear words uttered by the main characters. The data is taken from the script using documentation technique. Therefore, the data are in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences containing swearwords. The researcher applies referential analysis technique, in which the data were analyzed rfererring to the employed theories. The procedure of data analysis are reading the data, seing the significance of the data, classifying or coding, looking for patterns of themes, constructing a framework.

3. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Based on the findings, the frequency of type and reason for Swearwords which is used can be seen in this following table: 3.1 Types of Swear Words Table 1. Type of swear words Type of Swearwords Quantity Percentage % a. Expletive Swearing (ES) 29 43,7 b. Abusive Swearing (ABS) 22 33 c. Humorous Swearing (HS) 3 4,5 d. Auxiliary Swearing (AS) 12 18,2 Total 66 100 From the table above, the researcher found 66 data of the type of swear words. it can be seen that there are four types of swear words. The expletive swearing (ES) is found 29 data or (43.7%) which represented by asshole, bitchy, bollock, christ. The abusive swearing (ABS) is found 22 data or (33%) which represented by your ass,bulshit, twat, wanker. The humorous swearing (HS) is found 3 data or (4.5%) which represnted by angry lizard, epig shag, big ass. The auxiliary swearing (AS) is found 12 data or (18,2%) which represnted by bloddy. The expletive swearing is dominant and humorous swearing is the least contributing swearing used by the main characters in this movie. As shown on the table above, it can be stated that the most dominant type of swear words used by characters in “Bohemian Rhapsody Movie” is expletive swearing with 43,7% of precentage. Expletive swearing deals with the expressions of disappointment, anger and frustation which is usually uttered by a single word or short phrase (Anderson and Trudgill 1992). Another type of swear words is abusive swearing. The numbers of abusive swearing is 18 data or 33% used by the characters. Abusive swearing deals with the way of insulting someone. Abusive swearwords also include name calling and different types of curses. It shows speakers’ negative opinion towards the one who is being insulted. The characters are often to use them because during the movie there are many situations which trigger the characters to get angry, disppointed, and frustation. Those feeling are expressed directly at the time they feel it.

3.2 Reason of Swear Words Table 2. Reason of swearwords Type of Swearwords Quantity % a. Psychological Motives (PM) 44 66,7 b. Social Motives (SM) 9 13,5 c. Linguistic Motives (LM) 13 19,7 Total 66 100 This study found 66 data of the reason of swear words. It can be seen that there are three reason of swear words. The first is psychological motives (PM) is found 44 data or 66,7% which represented by christ, jesus, shit. The second is social motives (SM) is found 9 data or 13,5% which represented by oh my god, shut up, wanker. The third is linguistic motives (LM) is found 13 data or 19,7% which represented by bloody, damn. As shown on the table above, it can be stated that the most dominant type of swear words used by characters in “Bohemian Rhapsody Movie” is psychological motives with 66,7% of precentage. Psychological motives deals with the expressions of personal emotion (frustation, anger, upset, disappointed) caused by another person (Anderson and Trudgill 1992). Based on the finding above the research is different from previous studies. It can be shows from those previous studies. Fagersten, Dalama, Sweden (2015) the study about Sociolinguistics Analysis of Swear Word Offensiveness. They used questioner for collecting quantitative and qualitative data. They found females consistently rated the listed swear words as more offensive than male did. White females, on the hand, rated much of the dialogue swear words usage as less offensive than the white males did. Cressman, Callister, Robinson, and Near (2009). They found the teenager are more likely to use the seven dirty words than adults, whereas adult characters use mild words. Male characters use more profanity than female characters, and although both sexes frequently use mild profanity, females show a higher precentage for this types and males have a higher precentage for using the seven dirty words that the result indicate that within and across rating categories (PG and PG-13), the amount of profanity in teen movies has actually decreased since the 1980s.

Dewaele (2004) 1 (perceived emotional force of S-T words is higher in the first language of speakers and is gradually lower in languages learned subsequently), 2(female participants tended to give higher scores to perceived emotional force of S- T words but education level and age had no effect), 3 (perception of the emotional force of S-T words in the L1 weakens if the L1 is no longer the dominant language of the speaker), 4 (participants who learned their language(s) in an instructed setting gave lower ratings on the emotional force of S-T words in that language than those who learned the language in a naturalistic or mixed context). Baudin (2014) only found firstly, to let off steam when experiencing negative emotions mainly anger and frustration, and secondly, to display solidarity when joking and storytelling with friends. The study shows they swear amongst themselves as girlfriends, rarely with their male friends and strangers, and seldom with parents and teachers. Susetyaningsih (2014) She found 120 swearing expressions. It classified into four types of swearing those are: 29 data of expletive swearing, 20 data of abusive swearing, 8 data of humorous swearing, 63 data of auxiliary swearing. Also the reason of swearing classified into three motives with the quantity of each motive. Those are 42 data of psychological motives, 30 data of social motives, 48 data of linguistic motives. Wulandari (2017) only found five types of swear words that used in PewDiePie’s videos those were: 14 data of Dysphemistics, 38 data of Idiomatically, 1 data of Abusively, 24 data of Emphatically, 27 data of Carthartically.

4. CONCLUSION The type of swear words is classified into 4 types with 66 data. It consists of 29 (43.7%) expletive swearing (ES), 22 (33%) abusive swearing (ABS), 3 (4.5%) humorous (HS), 12 (18,2%) auxiliary swearing (AS). The presentation of the data shows that expletive swearing is the biggest of all the types. It means that the main characters preferred to use swearwords to express his emotions (such as anger, frustration or disappointment) and they are not directed towards others.

The reason of swear words is classified into 3 types with 66 data. It consists of 44 (66,7%) psychological motives (PM), 9 (13,5%) social motives (SM), 13 (19,7%) linguistic motives. The presentation of the data shows that Psychological Motives is the biggest of all the types. It means that the reason of the main characters used swearwords influenced by his emotional, anger, upset, frustration feeling and they swear not directed towards others.

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