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Diatomoflórula Perifítica Do Rio Descoberto – DF E GO, Brasil, Naviculales (Bacillariophyceae): Diploneidineae E Sellaphorineae

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Diatomoflórula Perifítica Do Rio Descoberto – DF E GO, Brasil, Naviculales (Bacillariophyceae): Diploneidineae E Sellaphorineae Acta bot. bras. 21(4): 767-776. 2007 Diatomoflórula Perifítica do rio Descoberto – DF e GO, Brasil, Naviculales (Bacillariophyceae): Diploneidineae e Sellaphorineae Simone Mogami Delgado1,2 e Maria das Graças Machado de Souza1 Recebido em 2/03/2005. Aceito em 5/02/2007 RESUMO – (Diatomoflórula Perifítica do rio Descoberto – DF e GO, Brasil, Naviculales (Bacillariophyceae)): Diploneidineae e Sellaphorineae). O presente estudo enfocou as diatomáceas perifíticas pertencentes às subordens Diploneidineae e Sellaphorineae de Naviculales (Bacillariophyceae) do rio Descoberto, Distrito Federal, Goiás. As coletas foram realizadas em junho e julho/2003 (período de seca) e janeiro e fevereiro/2004 (período de chuva), em cinco estações de amostragem. Foram identificados 16 táxons infragenéricos, uma espécie pertencente à ordem Diploneidineae e as demais à ordem Sellaphorineae. Foram registradas 14 citações pioneiras para o estado de Goiás e 15 citações pioneiras para o Distrito Federal. Palavras-chave: diatomáceas, rio Descoberto, taxonomia, Bacillariophyta, Naviculales ABSTRACT – (Periphytic diatom flora of the Descoberto River – Distrito Federal and Goiás State, Brazil, Naviculales (Bacillariophyceae): Diploneidineae and Sellaphorineae). The taxa of the suborders Diploneidineae and Sellaphorineae, Naviculales (Bacillariophyceae) are presented as part of a survey of diatoms in the Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil. Samples were collected at five different points along the Descoberto River, one of the main lotic ecosystems in the Distrito Federal during June-July/2003 (dry season) and January-February (rainy season). Sixteen species from both suborders were identified; 14 species were cited for the first time for Goiás state and 15 for the Distrito Federal. Key words: diatoms, Descoberto River, taxonomy, Bacillaryophyta, Naviculales Introdução (GO) e observaram 135 táxons, entre os quais 76, em nível específico e infra-específico, pertenciam às As diatomáceas constituem um grupo de diatomáceas. Um inventário da ficoflórula de Goiás importância ecológica e econômica (Van den Hoek elaborado por Campos et al. (1990) apresentou a et al. 1995; Stoermer et al. 1999); contudo, por ocorrência de 20 gêneros de diatomáceas. Na Lagoa apresentarem morfologia complexa, nomenclatura Santa em Itajá (GO), Contin & Oliveira (1993) própria, alto índice de polimorfismo e o acesso à realizaram um levantamento que registrou a ocorrência literatura especializada ser difícil, os estudos de 96 táxons de diatomáceas, identificadas em nível taxonômicos realizados no Brasil se concentram, específico e infra-específico, sendo apenas uma não principalmente, nas regiões sul e sudeste (Brassac & determinada em nível de espécie. Ludwig 2003). No estado de Goiás e Distrito Federal Da mesma forma o Distrito Federal (DF) apresenta há poucos trabalhos e isto de deve a escassez de poucos estudos taxonômicos da diatomoflórula. A especialistas e pesquisas na área. maioria dos estudos apresenta as Bacillariophyta Embora o Estado de Goiás não registre nenhuma identificadas apenas em nível genérico e, apesar de pesquisa na qual se discutam as questões taxonômicas haver um movimento crescente de registros de táxons das diatomáceas, podem-se citar vários estudos específicos e infra-específicos, são estudos de natureza florísticos em que foram identificados táxons de limnológica, sem qualquer informação taxonômica. Bacillariophyceae. Assim, para o DF, encontram-se apenas três trabalhos Macedo-Saidah et al. (1987) fizeram um estudo de cunho taxonômico: no trabalho de Souza & Moreira qualitativo e quantitativo do plâncton do rio Meia-Ponte Filho (1999a) foram tratados taxonomicamente as 1 Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, C. Postal 04457, 70910-970 Brasília, DF, Brasil 2 Autor para correspondência: [email protected] 768 Delgado & Souza: Diatomoflórula Perifítica do rio Descoberto – DF e GO, Brasil, Naviculales... famílias Thalassiosiraceae e Eunotiaceae encontradas Federal (CODEPLAN 1984). A coleta de perifíton foi na Lagoa Bonita, sendo proposta uma nova realizada raspando-se substrato rochoso, no mínimo, combinação para o gênero Eunotia e apresentando três rochas e substratos vegetais na ausência de rochas uma chave dicotômica sobre os táxons encontrados. no local. Para a raspagem do material aderido aos No segundo trabalho, foram registrados para a Lagoa substratos foram utilizadas escovas de dente. O Bonita, os gêneros Navicula “sensu lato” e substrato, após ser raspado, foi lavado com água Pinnularia, totalizando 12 táxons (Souza & Moreira destilada e as amostras coletadas foram armazenadas Filho 1999b). Finalmente, o terceiro trabalho tratou da em frascos de vidro com capacidade para 150 mL, e proposição de quatro espécies novas para a ciência: fixadas no campo com formaldeído (4%). As amostras Brachysira staurophora Souza & Compère, Eunotia (Tab. 1) e lâminas permanentes foram depositadas na sennae Souza & Compère, Kobayasiella mirabilis coleção ficológica do Herbário da Universidade de Souza & Compère e Pinnularia sulcata Souza & Brasília (UB). A técnica para oxidação do material foi Compère (Souza & Compère 1999). a de Simonsen (1974), modificada por Moreira Filho Com o objetivo de ampliar os estudos taxonômicos & Valente-Moreira (1981). Para montagem das da diatomoflórula em sistemas lóticos do DF e Goiás, lâminas foi utilizado Naphrax (IR: 1,74) como meio de uma vez que há uma escassez de trabalhos nesses inclusão. Os táxons encontrados foram fotografados ecossistemas (Brassac & Ludwig 2005), realizou-se com uma máquina digital Sony Cyber-Shot, modelo um levantamento das espécies pertencentes às DSC - P10, resolução de 5.0 megapixels, acoplada ao subordens Sellaphorineae e Diploneidineae, ordem microscópio. O sistema de classificação utilizado para Naviculales na bacia do rio Descoberto. o enquadramento dos táxons analisados foi o de Round et al. (1990). Material e métodos Resultados e discussão O rio Descoberto é usado como fonte de abastecimento de 65% da população do DF, além de Diploneidineae D.G. Mann ser utilizado como ponto de lazer da comunidade. Ele Diploneidaceae D.G. Mann nasce à altura da cota de 1.300 m, sob as coordenadas Diploneis C.G. Ehrenberg ex Cleve de 15º37’S e 48°10’W, durante seu curso é represado formando a barragem do Descoberto, nas coordenadas Diploneis subovalis Cleve, Syn. Navic. Dist. Kong., de 15°47’S e 48°11’W (CODEPLAN 1984). Na p.96, pr.1, fig.7, 1894. direção sul, a montante da cidade de Santo Antônio do Fig. 1 Descoberto (GO), o rio Descoberto recebe o seu Valva elíptica; extremidades arredondadas, área principal afluente, o rio Melchior, que atravessa uma axial retilínea moderadamente larga; área central Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico (ARIE) criada ovalada no sentido longitudinal; rafe incluída em uma com o intuito de preservar as nascentes dos córregos costela; costelas transapicais levemente radiadas; duas do Cortado e Taguatinga. No rio Melchior é lançado fileiras de aréolas entre as costelas, dispostas em esgoto doméstico e hospitalar das cidades de quincôncio. Comprimento: 19,4-35,2 µm. Largura: Taguatinga, Ceilândia e Samambaia, região de maior 6,4-16,0 µm. Estrias: 7-11/10 µm. densidade demográfica do DF. Além disso, nele localiza- Distribuição para o Estado de Goiás e DF: citação se a Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto de Samambaia pioneira para o Estado de Goiás e DF. (ETE-CAESB - Samambaia Norte). Material examinado: BRASIL. Distrito Federal: A análise da diatomoflórula foi realizada com base a jusante da barragem rio Descoberto, 23/VI/2003, em 17 amostras provenientes de cinco estações M.G.M. Souza (UB 1496); Goiás: a montante da distribuídas ao longo do rio Descoberto (Tabela 1). confluência do rio Melchior com o rio Descoberto, Foram realizadas quatro coletas mensais: dois meses 23/VI/2003, M.G.M. Souza (UB 1497); 7/VII/2003 de menores índices de pluviosidade (junho e julho/2003) (UB 1508). e dois meses de maiores índices pluviométricos (janeiro e fevereiro/2004), caracterizando respectivamente a Sellaphorineae D.G. Mann estação seca e chuvosa, típicas de clima tropical Sellaphoraceae Mereschokowsky chuvoso de savana (Köppen Aw e Caw) do Distrito Fallacia Stickle & D.G. Mann Acta bot. bras. 21(4): 767-776. 2007. 769 Tabela 1. Estações de coleta e amostras no rio Descoberto, DF e GO, Brasil. N° do Tombo Estação de coleta (N°) Coordenadas Substrato Período (UB) (seca ou chuva) 1489 01 – Córrego Barrocão, mais próximo a nascente. 15°37’51”S Epilítico Seca 49°10’37”W 1491 02 – a montante da barragem do rio Descoberto 15°42’30”S Epilítico Seca 48°14’01”W 1496 03 – a jusante da barragem do rio Descoberto 15°52’07”S Epilítico Seca 48°16’42”W 1497 04 – a montante da confluência do rio Melchior com 15°55’52”S Epilítico Seca o rio Descoberto (GO) 48°16’29”W 1498 05 – a jusante da confluência do rio Melchior com o 16°03’49”S Epifítico Seca rio Descoberto 48°16’39”W 1500 01 – Córrego Barrocão, mais próximo a nascente. 15°37’51”S Epilítico Seca 49°10’37”W 1502 02 – a montante da barragem do rio Descoberto 15°42’30”S Epilítico Seca 48°14’01”W 1507 03 – a jusante da barragem do rio Descoberto 15°52’07”S Epilítico Seca 48°16’42”W 1508 04 – a montante da confluência do rio Melchior com o 15°55’52”S Epilítico Seca rio Descoberto (GO) 48°16’29”W 1509 05 – a jusante da confluência do rio Melchior com o 16°03’49”S Epilítico Seca rio Descoberto 48°16’39”W 1617 01 – Córrego Barrocão, mais próxima a nascente. 15°37’51”S Epilítico Chuva 49°10’37”W 1619 02 – a montante da barragem do rio Descoberto 15°42’30”S Epilítico Chuva 48°14’01”W 1624 03 – a jusante da barragem do rio Descoberto 15°52’07”S Epilítico Chuva 48°16’42”W 1625 05 – a jusante da confluência do rio Melchior com o 16°03’49”S Epilítico Chuva rio Descoberto 48°16’39”W 1626 01 – Córrego Barrocão, mais próxima a nascente. 15°37’51”S Epilítico Chuva 49°10’37”W 1628 02 – a montante da barragem do rio Descoberto 15°42’30”S Epilítico Chuva 48°14’01”W 1633 03 – a jusante da barragem do rio Descoberto 15°52’07”S Epilítico Chuva 48°16’42”W Fallacia insociabilis (Krasske) D.G.
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