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Response of Biofilm-Dwelling Nematodes Response of biofilm-dwelling nematodes to habitat changes in the Garonne River, France: influence of hydrodynamics and microalgal availability Nabil Majdi, Walter Traunspurger, Stéphanie Boyer, Benoît Mialet, Michèle Tackx, Robert Fernandez, Stefanie Gehner, Loïc Ten-Hage, Evelyne Buffan-Dubau To cite this version: Nabil Majdi, Walter Traunspurger, Stéphanie Boyer, Benoît Mialet, Michèle Tackx, et al.. Response of biofilm-dwelling nematodes to habitat changes in the Garonne River, France: influence of hydrodynam- ics and microalgal availability. Hydrobiologia, Springer, 2011, vol. 673, pp. 229-244. hal-00959377 HAL Id: hal-00959377 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00959377 Submitted on 14 Mar 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Open Archive TOULOUSE Archive Ouverte (OATAO) OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID : 5373 To link to this article : DOI:10.1007/s10750-011-0781-6 URL : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0781-6 To cite this version : Majdi, Nabil and Traunspurger, Walter and Boyer, Stéphanie and Mialet, Benoît and Tackx, Michèle and Fernandez, Robert and Gehner, Stefanie and Ten-Hage, Loïc and Buffan-Dubau, Evelyne Response of biofilm-dwelling nematodes to habitat changes in the Garonne River, France: influence of hydrodynamics and microalgal availability. (2011) Hydrobiologia: The International Journal of Aquatic Sciences , vol. 673 (n° 1). pp. 229-244. ISSN 0018-8158 Any correspondance concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: [email protected] Response of biofilm-dwelling nematodes to habitat changes in the Garonne River, France: influence of hydrodynamics and microalgal availability Nabil Majdi • Walter Traunspurger • Ste´phanie Boyer • Benoıˆt Mialet • Miche`le Tackx • Robert Fernandez • Stefanie Gehner • Loı¨c Ten-Hage • Evelyne Buffan-Dubau Abstract Lotic epilithic biofilms are submitted to was dampened by floods. A clear seasonal pattern of seasonal disturbances (e.g. flood events, self-detach- the community was detected (summer shift), so that ment), which influence the biomass, diversity and two nematode groups stand out: (1) the epistrate- viability of their algal and bacterial communities. The feeders Chromadorina bioculata (Schultze in Carus, objective of this study is to examine whether (1) 1857) and Chromadorina viridis (Linstow, 1876) biofilm-dwelling nematodes respond to such seasonal were primarily related to diatom availability, and changes in terms of diversity and community struc- dominated the nematode assemblage most of the ture, (2) nematode species and feeding-types distri- time, (2) seven species from various feeding types bution respond to the varied trophic situations within (deposit-feeders, suction-feeders and chewers) grew the biofilm, since variations in biofilm microalgal mainly under summer conditions concomitantly to a composition may represent a variation in available change of biofilm trophic status and microalgal food. The biofilm-dwelling nematode community was composition. Overall, the results suggested that, in monitored in a temperate river over an 18 month addition to abiotic disturbances, the availability of period with a high sampling frequency. These data potential preys in the biofilm might represent an were linked to environmental abiotic and biofilm important driver of nematode community patterns. biotic factors. Nematode density was positively correlated to biofilm and microalgal biomass, but Keywords Nematodes Á Periphyton Á Diversity Á Feeding types Á Algae Á Environmental factors Handling editor: Stefano Amalfitano Introduction N. Majdi (&) Á S. Boyer Á B. Mialet Á M. Tackx Á R. Fernandez Á L. Ten-Hage Á E. Buffan-Dubau EcoLab, University Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, In rivers, any hard submerged substrate can be coated 31062 Toulouse, France by a complex assemblage of organisms (e.g. bacteria, e-mail: [email protected] fungi, algae, heterotrophic protozoans, meiofauna N. Majdi Á S. Boyer Á B. Mialet Á M. Tackx Á and macrofauna) embedded in a mucous matrix of R. Fernandez Á L. Ten-Hage Á E. Buffan-Dubau exopolymeric substances (Costerton, 2000; Leflaive EcoLab, CNRS, 31062 Toulouse, France et al., 2008). This organic layer which is named either epilithic biofilm, epilithon, ‘Aufwuchs’ or periphyton W. Traunspurger Á S. Gehner Animal Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Morgenbreede can comprise more than 30% of microalgae in terms 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany of biomass (Peterson, 1996). Consequently, epilithic biofilms can constitute the main site of primary 2006; Caramujo et al. 2008). But, long-term studies of production in shallow water rivers harbouring hard biofilm-dwelling nematodes are still lacking, which substrates such as the Garonne in its middle part hampers the assessment of how epilithic nematode (Ameziane et al., 2003). These biofilms contribute communities react and adapt to recurrent (seasonal) substantially to benthic food web functioning (Liess abiotic disturbances and/or to fluctuations of food & Hillebrand, 2004) and to biogeochemical processes resources over time. such as decomposition and nutrient retention (e.g. In this context, the questions put forward in this Ford & Lock, 1987; Battin et al., 2003; Teissier et al., study are: (1) In temperate areas, epilithic biofilms 2007). However, epilithic biofilms are unstable are subject to seasonal temperature changes and habitats, well-exposed to environmental perturba- hydrological events, which, as mentioned above, tions. Hence they are strongly influenced by seasonal change their biomass and the composition of the algal disturbances such as floods (Biggs & Close, 1989) and bacterial communities. Is the biofilm-dwelling and self-detachment, a temperature-dependent bacte- nematode community influenced by such seasonal rial degradation of the mat (Biggs, 1996; Bouleˆtreau changes of their habitat? (2) As variations in com- et al., 2006). These disturbances are recognized to position of the microalgal community may represent shape the biomass, diversity and viability of the algal a variation in available food within the mat (in terms and bacterial communities inhabiting the mat (e.g. of amount, availability and quality), do the nematode Peterson & Stevenson, 1992; Lyautey et al., 2010), species and feeding-types distribution match with the implying important consequences on the functioning biofilm trophic situation at a given time? With these of biofilm processes (Cardinale, 2011). objectives, density, biomass, diversity, age, sex and Free-living nematodes are important protagonists feeding types of the biofilm-dwelling nematode within biofilm communities: on the one hand, epilithic community was monitored over an 18 month field biofilms represent both a habitat and a probable survey in a large temperate river: the Garonne (SW important food resource for them (e.g. Peters & France). These data were analysed to detect potential Traunspurger, 2005; Gaudes et al., 2006; Traunspurger seasonal changes, then the nematode species distri- et al., 2006; Caramujo et al., 2008). On the other hand, bution was examined through the influence extent of it has been suggested that nematode activity (e.g. both environmental abiotic drivers and biofilm biotic through bioturbation and grazing) could affect key conditions. biofilm processes: for instance, Mathieu et al. (2007) indicate that nematodes influence the oxygen turnover of artificial diatom biofilms, and Sabater et al. (2003) and Gaudes et al. (2006) highlight that meiofauna Methods (mainly nematodes) can influence the release of unpleasant odorous metabolites (e.g. geosmin) by Study site and sample collection cyanobacterial biofilms, implying high economic relevance for fishing industry and drinking water The Garonne is the largest river of south-western production. France with a drainage basin of 57,000 km2 and a Despite their important presence within these length of 647 km. The Garonne River displays a habitats, biofilm-dwelling nematodes still remain pluvio-nival flow regime with relatively short flash- poorly considered as most nematological studies focus floods caused by heavy rainfall (occurring mainly rather on sediment-dwelling nematodes (Traunspurger between November and January) and a long annual et al., 2006). As a matter of fact, most information on flood period due to snow-melt (April to June). In the biofilm-dwelling nematodes has issued from lentic Garonne, alternate cobble bars are frequently found environments: e.g. spatial distributional patterns and even in channel up to the seventh-order. Between colonization pathways (Traunspurger, 1992; Peters & floods (i.e. low-water periods), a high epilithic Traunspurger, 2005; Peters et al., 2005). So far, only biomass can grow on cobbles, being favoured by two previous studies have examined temporal distri- low-water velocities on the river bed and low turbidity bution of biofilm-dwelling
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