Bal Sanskriti Pamphlet Jan 2019

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“ Our children are the gift given by mercy of the Lord, they are delicate. Take care of them with Love and Devotion, by giving them SESSION PLAN Krishna Consciousness.” (Srila Prabhupada) 5.00 - 5.20 PM - Arati / Mantra Meditation 5.20 – 6.20 PM - Instructive Modules 6.20 – 6.45 PM - Co-curricular Modules BAL 6.45 – 7.00 PM - Break and Video ELIGIBILITY 7.00 – 7.25 PM - Monthly Retreats Class Nursery – Class XII 7.25 – 7.35 PM - Bhagavad-gita Lessons SANSKRITI 7.35 - 8.00 PM - Games / Library TIME & VENUE VEDIC CULTURE Every Sunday, 5pm to 8pm SPECIAL FEATURES Hare Krishna Mandir, AND VALUES Monthly contests & Prizes Bhadaj, Ahmedabad FOR CHILDREN Training in Spiritual Practices Mantra Meditation FEES Vedic story book library Student of the month trophy Rs. 1000/- per semester Module completion certificate Monthly e-newsletter sent to parents Picnic/Trips CONTACT Birthday celebrations Lot more Surprises!! Srivilasini Devi Dasi Phone: 7698636869 Email id: [email protected] CURRICULUM INSTRUCTIVE MODULES (DURATION: SIX MONTHS PER MODULE) Stepping Stones Ramayana Krishna Lila The richness and authenticity Dashavatara of the course content comes Bhagavata Purana from the teachings and Mahabharata directions of our spiritual Chaitanya Lila master, His Divine Grace Introduction to Krishna A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (Founder – Consciousness Acharya of the worldwide Bhagavad-gita Hare Krishna Movement). Young Readers Club This course is carefully designed to gradually train the young children CO-CURRICULAR MODULES to adopt Vedic culture, values and teachings as a part of their Gita Shloka Training lifestyle. A sattvik Vedic lifestyle Arts and Crafts will promote overall well-being and Kartal and Kirtan training development of the child and make Drama him a responsible son/daughter and citizen. The course has a fine blend of value based instructions and interesting activities centered MONTHLY RETREATS around the Vedic teachings to 1st Wk - Festival Celebrations charge up the young children and 2nd Wk - Life Skills Workshop keep them enthused in attending 3rd Wk - Monthly Contest these sessions regularly. 4th Wk - Fun Fiesta .

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Dasavatara in Puranas
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Prof. P. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. Prof. V. Venkata Ramana Reddy Director, O.R.I., S. V.University, Tirupati. Prof. V. Venkata Ramana Reddy Director, O.R.I., S. V.University, Tirupati. Prof. V. Kannan University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad. Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Vedic, Epic and Puranic culture of India Module Name/Title Dasavatara in Puranas Module Id I C / VEPC / 33 Pre requisites Knowledge in Puranas and importance of Dashavataras of Vishnu To know about the general survey of Puranas, Objectives Meaning of Dashavatara, Types of Incarnation Dashavatara, Scientific analogy of Avataras and Darwinian Theory of Evolution Keywords Puranas / Dashavatara / incarnation / Vishnu E-text (Quadrant-I): 1. Introduction to Avatara(Incornation) The word 'avatara' means 'one who descends' (from Sanskrit avatarati). The descents of Vishnu from Vaikuntha to earth are his avatars or incarnations. The form in each time he descents will be different because the needs of the world each time are different. The different avatars thus balances and reinforce the dharma that rules and regulations that maintain order. They are harmed when the demands of evil clash with the good for order. As man's understanding of the world changes, desires change and so do concepts of order.. Social stability and peace on the earth must not be compromised, yet new ideas that are good for mankind must be respected. Vishnu's descents are not just about The word specifically refers to one who descends from the spiritual sky. The word 'incarnation' is can also mean as 'one who assumed flesh body’ 2.
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1 Dashaavataras of Lord Vishnu
DASHAAVATARAS OF LORD VISHNU - CHILDREN’S EDITION VEMURI ACHINTYA VARENYA,VEMURI ATEENDRA PRAGNYAN AND FAMILY, CHENNAI 1 FOREWORD Om EkadantayaVidmahiVakratundayaDhimahi, TannoDantiPrachodayaa Om NarayanayaVidmahiVaasudevaayaDhimahiTanno Vishnu Prachodayaa This book contains the story of all forms of Lord Vishnu respectively known as Dashaavataras, who came to save the universe from destruction. This book of Dashaavataras is written in basic English for children to understand easily. We are the students of Sri Sankara High School Adyar Branch of Chennai as the Children of Shri Vemuri Harihar Kumar and Smt. Shalini Vemuri. May we have the privilege to dedicate to His Highness of Kanchi Mutt. Ashtadapati 1-Dasha AvataaraKiirtiDhavalam This is the first part of the famous JayadevaAshtapadi which describes the dashaavataras of Vishnu in a poetic format. pralayapayodhijaledhṛtavānasivedam।vihitavahitracaritramakhedam॥ keśavādhṛtamīnaśarīrajayajagadīśahare॥a pa 1-1 O Kesava (name of Vishnu) who donned the body of a fish to save the Vedas (and the world) from the delge of the ocean (pralaya) just like a ship that saves (its passengers) from (the dangers of) the ocean. Hail to you, O lord of the Universe. kṣitirativipulataretavatiṣṭhatipṛṣṭhe।dharaṇidharaṇakiṇacakragariṣṭhe keśavadhṛtakacchaparūpajayajagadīśahare॥a pa 1-2 O Kesava, again you took the body of a tortoise to bear the weight of the mountain (Mount Mandara) on your back to save from destruction (so that ocean could be churned to get the wonders to Gods and Demons). Hail to you, O lord of the Universe. vasatidaśanaśikharedharaṇītavalagnā।śaśinikalaṅkakalevanimagnā॥ keśavadhṛtasūkararūpajayajagadīśahare॥a pa 1-3 O Kesava,You took the form of a boar (Varaha) to lift the earth from the ocean by placing the earth on your mighty tusks which showed like a moon with a blemish.
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Ramayana and the Mahābhārata, He Is Often Referred to As the Progenitor Or Great Grandsire of All Human Beings
भारत गणराज् The Arts of India are the illustration of the religious life of the Hindus. Like their faith, the arts have been preserved for the past 3,000 years, from change and decay, from foreign invasions, and from the fury of the nature. Officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. 7th LARGEST country by geographical area. GEOGRAPHY of INDIA Bounded by the: • Indian Ocean on the south • Arabian Sea on the south-west • Bay of Bengal on the south-east • it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west • China, Nepal, & Bhutan north-east • Burma & Bangladesh to the east. 2nd most populous country with over 1.2 billion people. ETYMOLOGY The name India is derived from INDUS: which is derived from the Old Persian word Hindu, from Sanskrit Sindhu (�सन्ध). The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi (Ινδοί), the people of the Indus. • Bhagwa or the saffron color denotes renunciation or disinterestedness. • The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide their conduct. The INDIAN FLAG •The green shows their relation to (the) soil, the relation to the plant life here, on which all other life depends. The INDIAN FLAG The "Ashoka Chakra" in the centre of the white is the wheel of the law of dharma. The INDIAN FLAG Indian subcontinent is the home to the world’s oldest civilizations and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires. Four of the world's major religion originated in India — Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium and also helped shape the region's diverse culture.
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Essence of Hindu Festivals & Austerities
ESSENCE OF HINDU FESTIVALS AND AUSTERITIES Edited and translated by V.D.N.Rao, former General Manager of India Trade Promotion Organization, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi now at Chennai 1 Other Scripts by the same Author: Essence of Puranas:- Maha Bhagavata, Vishnu Purana, Matsya Purana, Varaha Purana, Kurma Purana, Vamana Purana, Narada Purana, Padma Purana; Shiva Purana, Linga Purana, Skanda Purana, Markandeya Purana, Devi Bhagavata;Brahma Purana, Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Agni Purana, Bhavishya Purana, Nilamata Purana; Shri Kamakshi Vilasa Dwadasha Divya Sahasranaama: a) Devi Chaturvidha Sahasra naama: Lakshmi, Lalitha, Saraswati, Gayatri; b) Chaturvidha Shiva Sahasra naama-Linga-Shiva-Brahma Puranas and Maha Bhagavata; c) Trividha Vishnu and Yugala Radha-Krishna Sahasra naama-Padma-Skanda-Maha Bharata and Narada Purana. Stotra Kavacha- A Shield of Prayers Purana Saaraamsha; Select Stories from Puranas Essence of Dharma Sindhu Essence of Shiva Sahasra Lingarchana Essence of Paraashara Smtiti Essence of Pradhana Tirtha Mahima Dharma Bindu Essence of Upanishads : Brihadaranyaka , Katha, Tittiriya, Isha, Svetashwara of Yajur Veda- Chhandogya and Kena of Saama Veda-Atreya and Kausheetaki of Rig Veda-Mundaka, Mandukya and Prashna of Atharva Veda ; Also ‘Upanishad Saaraamsa’ (Quintessence of Upanishads) Essence of Virat Parva of Maha Bharata Essence of Bharat Yatra Smriti Essence of Brahma Sutras* Essence of Sankhya Parijnaana*- Also Essence of Knowledge of Numbers Essence of Narada Charitra Essence Neeti Chandrika* [Note: All the above Scriptures already released on www. Kamakoti. Org/news as also on Google by the respective references. The one with * is under process] 2 PREFACE Dharma and Adharma are the two wheels of Life‟s Chariot pulling against each other.
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Component-I (A) – Personal Details
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Prof. P. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. Ravi Korisettar, UGC Emeritus Fellow Karnatak University, Dharwad. Onkar Tendulkar Virasat E Hind Foundation. Bombay. Ravi Korisettar Karnatak University, Dharwad. 1 Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Art and Architecture of India Module Name/Title Vijayanagara School of Architecture (Outside Hampi) Module Id IC / AAI / 07 Pre requisites Understanding the features of Vijayanagara empire’s Objectives architecture with examples from outside Hampi Dravida school of temple architecture, Vijayanagara, Penukonda, Chandragiri, Gingee, Varadaraja Perumal, Keywords Kanchipuram, Tadipatri, Kolar, Shringeri, Lepakshi, Gandikota, Vellore E-text (Quadrant-I) : 1. General Architectural Features of Vijayanagara Architecture Style: Sky soaring gopuras at the entrance of the temple known as Raya Gopuras. Concentrated on building temple complexes instead of stand-alone temples. Major temples often had long bazar streets along the main approach road and also a pushkarni (stepped well) close by for the fetching water for various uses in temple activities. Addition of kalyana mandapa to the newly built as well as existing temple complexes. Kalyana mandapas were vast halls with flat roofs supported by a number of pillars and used during annual festivities of marriage between the god and his consort. Presence of a separate Devi0Amma shrine- usually to the north-west of the garbhagriha of main temple. Usage of various types of pillars such as double pillars, composite pillars, round pillars etc. most famous of these pillars being the musical pillars present in the temples of Hampi. Pushpapotika- the inverted lotus flower bud shaped pillar brackets.
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Bazaar Avatars a Collection of Original Twentieth Century ‘Calendar Art’ from India
BAZAAR AVATARS A COLLECTION OF ORIGINAL TWENTIETH CENTURY ‘CALENDAR ART’ FROM INDIA. HINDU SUPERNATURALS, ISLAMIC GRAPHICS, AN INDIAN MADONNA, SECULAR GRAPHICS. ON SHOW AT TENDERBOOKS 6 CECIL COURT, LONDON WC2N 4HE MAY 5TH TO MAY 28TH TUESDAY TO SATURDAY 11:00 TO 18:00 OR BY APPOINTMENT 10. C.S. Ananth & J. Raj –Jay Gange Mata (Hail Mother Ganges) HINDU SUPERNATURALS; 1–45 THE PANTHEON OF GODS, GOD-MEN, GURUS, PILGRIMAGE SITES, AND SCENES FROM THE EPICS ISLAMIC GRAPHICS 46–49 AN INDIAN MADONNA 50 SECULAR GRAPHICS 51–58 BAZAAR AVATARS ‘Avatars’ because some Hindus believe that the image (‘arca’ in Sanskrit) you’ve never heard of and that was once called ‘mini Japan’ by Nehru.They of their god is an actual incarnation or ‘avatara’ of Vishnu. Most probably were essentially a byproduct of the need for decorative labels for believe that images, even ones made in cheap, huge runs like calendar fireworks, a business in which the enterprising Nadar caste in Sivakasi prints, offer a way to access the gods or at least worship them. Nearly were pioneers. 80% of Indians are Hindus, which probably means that more than a billion Roots go deep, in terms of style, aesthetics and the way they are people worldwide believe to some extent that ‘arcas’ are the way to their manufactured, they are related to the Kalighat paintings of the Patuas of ‘avataras’. For Hindus, they are ‘darshan’ or an auspicious sight of the holy West Bengal that spanned the early nineteenth to early twentieth deity that reflects back on the observer.The holy being transmigrates into centuries.
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D:\E Data\Folder E\English Sapt
3 SAPTHAGIRI 3 TIRUMALA TIRUPATI DEVASTHANAMS, TIRUPATI ARJITHA SEVAS OF SRI T.T. TIRUMALA Arjitha Sevas / Utsavams Sl. REPORTING / No. of NAME OF THE SEVA / UTSAVAM DAY AMOUNT No. SEVA TIME PERSONS Rs. ALLOWED DAILY SEVAS 1 Suprabhatham Every day 120/- 2.00 a.m. - 3.00 a.m. One 2 Thomala Seva (performed only on Tue, Wed, Thursday) 220/- 3.00 a.m. - 3.30 a.m. One 3 Archana (performed only on Tue, Wed, Thursday) 220/- 4.00 a.m. - 4.30 a.m. One DAILY UTSAVAMS 4 Kalyanotsavam Every day 1,000/- 10.00 a.m. - 12 Noon Two 5 Arjitha Brahmotsavam Every day 200/- 12.30 p.m. - 2.00 p.m. One 6 Dolotsavam (Unjalseva) Every day 200/- 11.00 a.m. - 1.00 p.m. One 7 Vasanthotsavam Every day 300/- 2.30 p.m. - 3.00 p.m. One 8 Sahasra Deepalankara Seva Every day 200/- 5.00 p.m.- 5.30 p.m. One WEEKLY SEVAS 9 Viseshapooja Monday 600/- 6.00 a.m.- 6.30 a.m. One 10 Astadalapada Padmaradhana Tuesday 1,250/- 5.00 a.m.- 5.30 a.m. One 11 Sahasrakalashabhishekam Wednesday 850/- 5.00 a.m. - 5.30 a.m. One 12 Tiruppavada Seva Thursday 850/- 5.00 a.m. - 5.30 a.m. One 13 Vastralankara Seva ( Melchat Vastram) Friday 12,250/- 3.00 a.m. - 4.00 a.m. Two (Wife&Husband) 13(a) Poorabhishekam Friday 750/- 3.00 a.m. - 4.00 a.m. One 14 Nijapada Darshanam Friday 200/- 4.30 a.m.
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Lord Vishnu's Dashavatara
INDIAN MYTHOLOGY & HISTORY DASHAVATARA OF LORD VISHNU TIMELINE -3000 BCE -2500 BCE -2000 BCE -1500 BCE -1000 BCE -500 BCE 0 CE 500 CE 1000 CE 1500 CE 2000 CE 5000 ya 4500 ya 4000 ya 3500 ya 3000 ya 2500 ya 2000 ya 1500 ya 1000 ya 500 ya now Jainism/ Mughals/ Buddhism Satavahans/ Guptas/ Marathas/ Gangetic Valley Vedic / Sakas/ Adi Muslim British/ India Indus Valley Civilization Civilization Mouryas Hunas Sankara Invasion Independent India Mesopotamia Mesopotamian Parthian Romans Islamic Egypt Egyptian Greek Byzantine Islamic Renaissance / Colonization / Byzantine / Industrial Greeks / Romans / Dark Revolution / Europe Greek Romans Romans Ages World Wars Persia Ancient Persian Persian Islamic Ming, Qing, China Ancient China Imperial China Communists Americas Mayan Aztecs & Incas Europeans BRONZE AGE IRON AGE ABOUT LORD VISHNU • Vishnu is represented with a human body, often with blue coloured skin and with four arms. • He carries: – The conch: the sound this produces 'Om', represents the primeval sound of creation – The chakra, or discus: symbolises the mind – The lotus flower: an example of glorious existence and liberation – The mace: represents mental and physical strength • Vishnu is usually represented in two positions. – Standing upright on a lotus flower – Reclining on the coils of a serpent, with Lakshmi massaging his feet. They are surrounded by the Milky Ocean. • Vishnu rides on the King of Birds, Garuda, who is an eagle. MATSYA (FISH) Lord Vishnu rescues all Rishis dying from a massive flood. Similar story as Noah’s Ark Lord Vishnu supports the rock using KURMA (TURTLE) which Devtas & Demons churn the ocean to get Amrit (Nectar of life).
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8-Temple-Architecture.Pdf
TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE 4 THE BASIC FORM OF THE HINDU TEMPLE 5 SCULPTURE, ICONOGRAPHY AND ORNAMENTATION 6 Bairat, Jaipur 8 Temple 40 ,Sanchi 8 Temple 18,Sanchi 9 Aihole, karnataka 9 Temple 17 , Sanchi 10 THE NAGARA OR NORTH INDIAN TEMPLE STYLE 11 Central India 14 Dashavatara Temple, Deogarh 14 Temples at Khajuraho 17 Lakshmana temple 18 Mithun Sculptures 19 West India 20 Sun temple, Modhera, Gujarat 21 Nilakantha or Udayesvara Temple, Udaipur 22 Virupaksha Temple,Pattadakal 22 East India 23 Assam 24 Bengal 25 PALA AND SENA KINGS 25 Odisha 28 Parasurameshvara temple , Bhubaneswar 28 Rajarani Temple 29 Vaitala Deul 31 Mukateswara temple 32 Brahmeshwar Temple 33 Lingaraja Temple 33 Ananta Vasudeva temple 35 Sun Temple, Konark 36 The Hills 38 Pandrethan 38 THE DRAVIDA OR SOUTH INDIAN TEMPLE STYLE 40 Page !1 of !87 THE PALLAVAS AND THE CHOLAS 44 Pallavas 47 Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram 48 The Kailasanath temple , Kanchipuram 50 Rajarajeshwara or Brihadiswara Temple, Thanjavur 51 Pancha Ratha or Pandava Ratha, Mahabalipuram 52 Architecture in the Deccan 56 Rashtrakutas 56 Kailashnath Temple, Ellora 56 Gopurams 57 Chalukyas 60 Ravan Phadi , Aihole 60 Durga Temple ,Aihole 62 Lad Khan Temple, Aihole 63 Hoyasalas 64 Hoysaleshvara temple 65 Vijayanagara 66 BUDDHIST AND JAIN ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENTS 67 NALANDA’S EMERGENCE AS A GREAT CENTRE OF LEARNING 68 Jain Temples 74 MAHABALIPURAM 78 RAVANA SHAKING MOUNT KAILASHA 81 LAKSHAMANA TEMPLE IN KHAJURAHO 82 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT DURING THE GUPTA PERIOD 85 Architecture 86 Painting 87 Page !2 of !87 Temple architecture in India (Outline map not to scale) Page !3 of !87 TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE Today when we say 'temple' in English we generally mean a devalaya, devkula mandir, kovil, deol, devasthanam or prasada depending on which part of India we are in.
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Temple Architecture in India (Outline Map Not to Scale)
Temple architecture in India (Outline map not to scale) 2021-22 6 TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE OST of the art and architectural remains that survive Today when we say 'temple' Mfrom Ancient and Medieval India are religious in in English we generally nature. That does not mean that people did not have art in mean a devalaya, devkula their homes at those times, but domestic dwellings and mandir, kovil, deol, the things in them were mostly made from materials like devasthanam or prasada wood and clay which have perished. This chapter introduces depending on which part of India we are in. us to many types of temples from India. Although we have focussed mostly on Hindu temples, at the end of the chapter you will find some information on major Buddhist and Jain temples too. However, at all times, we must keep in mind that religious shrines were also made for many local cults in villages and forest areas, but again, not being of stone the ancient or medieval shrines in those areas have also vanished. Chatur Mukhlinga, Nachna- Kuthara (Inset) Early Temples While construction of stupas continued, Brahmanical temples and images of gods also started getting constructed. Often temples were decorated with the images of gods. Myths mentioned in the Puranas became part of narrative representation of the Brahmanical religion. Each temple had a principal image of a god. The shrines of the temples were of three kinds—(i) sandhara type (without pradikshinapatha), (ii) nirandhara type (with pradakshinapatha), and (iii) sarvatobhadra (which can be accessed from all sides). Some of the important temple sites of this period are Deogarh in Uttar Shiva temple, Nachna-Kuthara, Madhya Pradesh, fifth century CE 2021-22 70 AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN ART Pradesh, Eran, Nachna-Kuthara and Udaygiri near Vidisha in Madhya Pradesh.
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The Dancing Deities of Bhoramdev (Avtars of Vishnu and Natyashastra)
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X THE DANCING DEITIES OF BHORAMDEV (AVTARS OF VISHNU AND NATYASHASTRA) Dr. Richa Thakur1, Shabina Begam2 1Professor, Department of Dance, Govt. Dr. W.W. Patankar Girl’s P.G. College, Durg, Chhattisgarh 2Research Scholar, Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Pt.Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh [email protected], [email protected] Bhoramdev is a famous ancient temple which is located in Kabirdham district of Chhattisgarh. This temple is situated in Chauragaon, 18 km from Kabirdham district and 125 km from capital Raipur. This famous temple was built around the eleventh century during the reign of Phani Nagvanshi ruler Gopaldev. Built in Nagara style, this temple is dedicated to Shiva. It is believed that the Gond rulers who ruled in this region were worshipers of Lord Shiva, they worshiped him in the form of Bhoramdev which is a name of Shiva. Probably due to this, the name of this temple was named Bhoramdev. The artistic feature of this temple establishes its similarity with the temple of Khajuraho. Hence it is also known as Khajuraho of Chhattisgarh. Although this is a Shiva temple, but idols related to Vaishnavism are also seen in the outer walls of this temple. The expressions and postures of these idols are similar to Bharatanatyam dance, an attempt has been made to discuss them in this research paper. The idols related to Lord Vishnu are found in various forms in the temples of Bhoramdev. These can be described as follows.
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Hinduism for Dummies
Index amrita (nectar), 211 • Numerics • Amritamanthana (churning the milky 3 worlds, 109–110 ocean), 98, 116–117, 123 5 differences (pancha bheda), 314 ananda in name of swamis, 14 7 cities, 279 Angaraka (Mars), 107 7 Sages (Saptarshi or Sapta Rishi), 115, 134 Annaprashana (fi rst solid food), 256, 261 10 incarnations of Vishnu. See Dashavatara Anthyeshti (rites upon death), 257, 268 14 worlds, 110 Aranya Kanda (Ramayana book), 175 16 ceremonies (samskaras). See life-cycle rites Aranya Parva (Mahabarata book), 186–189 16 offerings (shodasha upacharas), Aranyakas (section of Vedas), 149 55, 218–219 arati (camphor fl ame), 219–220 108 names of God, 233 architecture of temples, 222–226 Arjuna (Bhagavad Gita protagonist), 194–195, 196–199, 307 • A • Arjuna Vishaada Yoga, 200 Arsha Vidya Gurukulam (Saylorsburg, ablutions (ritual cleansing), 17, 54 PA), 130 achamana (procedures using water), artha, as personal aim of life, 40–41 208–209, 214 Aryaman (deity), 109 acharyas (revered teachers), 23, 135–137 Aryan invasion theory, 24, 25–27 Adi Parva (Mahabarata book), 182–185 Aryan people, 23–24 Adi Shankara. See Shankaracharya ascetic (form of Shiva), 101 Advaita (Nondualism). See also Vedanta Ashoka (emperor), 29 basic beliefs (table), 311 ashrams, 128–131 described, 310 Ashtanga Yoga, 321. See also Raja Yoga devotion in, 314 Ashtoththara Shata Namavali (chanting the introduced by Shankaracharya, 14, 63 108 names), 233 on knowledge as inherent, 313 Ashwins (deities), 109 levels of reality in, 313 Atharva Veda. See also Vedas meaning of the term,
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