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Golani Jewelry from the Iron Age II Levant ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS, Series Archaeologica Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 Jewelry from the Iron Age II Levant Golani, Amir Abstract: Jewelry has always had an irresistible allure yet in the past also had a significance and function within society that went far beyond ornamentation. Jewelry is an important, if often forgotten facet of material culture. Its study is inter-disciplinary, involving archaeology, anthropology, art history, his- torical/textual studies, and research of materials and manufacturing techniques. While the renowned jewelry from regions such as Egypt and Mesopotamia has been studied, that of the southern Levant has received only limited attention, yet research of its archaeological/contextual, technological and socio- cultural perspectives is illuminating. The book is a final publication of the author‘s doctoral dissertation made available to the archaeological and academic community at large. It is geared to be a working tool for archaeologists dealing in this period and region and to scholars who study its arts and crafts. The book provides a handy typological structure for jewelry classification as well as a comprehensive andf useful catalogue for research in this and related fields. In addition, it illustrates the significance, meaning and functions of jewelry and the development of the jeweler‘s craft in the southern Levant during the first and second millennia BCE. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-136771 Monograph Published Version Originally published at: Golani, Amir (2013). Jewelry from the Iron Age II Levant. Fribourg / Göttingen: Academic Press / Vandenhoeck Ruprecht. Golani Jewelry from the Iron Age II Levant ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS, Series Archaeologica Founded by Othmar Keel Published on behalf of the BIBLE+ORIENT Foundation in cooperation with the Departement of Biblical Studies, University of Fribourg Switzerland, the Institute of Egyptology, University of Basel, the Institute of Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology section, University of Berne, the Institut romand des sciences bibliques, University of Lausanne, the Institute of Religious Studies, University of Zurich and the Swiss Society for Ancient Near Eastern Studies by Susanne Bickel, Thomas C. Römer, Daniel Schwemer and Christoph Uehlinger Author Amir Golani (born Jerusalem, 1961) studied archaeology at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, where he completed a thesis on the jewelry of Tel Miqne-Ekron (1996). He received a doctoral degree in archaeology from Tel Aviv University upon completion of a dissertation (2009) of which the present book is a thoroughly revised version. Since 1990, Dr. Golani has been working in the Department of Excavations, Surveys and Research at the Israel Antiquities Authority. He has also excavated with Prof. Amihai Mazar at Tel Beth-Shean and with Profs. Trude Dothan and Seymour Gitin at Tel Miqne-Ekron. A member of the Archaeological Institute of America and associate fellow with the W.F. Albright Institute for Archaeological Research in Jerusalem, he has continued post-doctoral studies as a visiting scholar at the University of Pennsylvania (2012-2013). Dr. Golani has published numerous jewelry assemblages and co-authored several arti- cles concerning ancient jewelry studies (see bibliography). Other publications include excavation reports on Qiryat Ata (IAA Reports 18, 2003), Ashqelon Afridar, Area E (‘Atiqot 45, 2004, 9-120), Tel Burga in the Sharon Plain (‘Atiqot 68, 2011, 69-98), and soon to be published, The Early Bronze Age I Site of Ashqelon Barnea – Vol. I, The Site and Excavations, Vol. II, The Finds (Monograph, IAA Reports). Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 34 Series Archaeologica Amir Golani Jewelry from the Iron Age II Levant Academic Press Fribourg Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. This publication has been supported by a grant from the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, administered by the Archaeological Institute of America. Gedruckt mit Unterstützung der Schweizerischen Akademie der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften © 2013 by Academic Press Fribourg, Fribourg Switzerland Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen ISBN: 978-3-7278-1733-5 (Academic Press Fribourg) ISBN: 978-3-525-?????-? (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht) ISSN: 1015-1850 (Orb. biblicus orient.) For Olga Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................... XI Abbrevations .......................................................................................................................................................... XII Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 Part I: Archaeological and Socio-Historical Aspects CHAPTER 1: THE CONTEXT OF IRON AGE II JEWELRY IN THE SOUTHERN LEVANT .............................................. 7 1.1. Previous Research and Evaluation of Context ................................................................................................ 7 1.2. Archaeological Context: How is Jewelry Found in Archeological Excavations? .......................................... 9 1.2.1. Stratigraphic Context: Isolated Items in Occupational Strata .............................................................. 10 1.2.2. Tombs .................................................................................................................................................. 11 1.2.3. Hoards .................................................................................................................................................. 12 1.2.4. Offerings in Temples and Foundation Deposits ................................................................................... 12 1.3. Cultural Context: How was Jewelry Worn and by Whom ............................................................................. 12 1.3.1. Anthropomorphic Figurines ................................................................................................................. 13 1.3.2. Pictorial Representations ..................................................................................................................... 13 1.3.3. In-Situ Funerary Finds ......................................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES ............................................................................ 15 2.1. Metal .............................................................................................................................................................. 15 2.1.1. Materials, Sources and Initial Processing ............................................................................................ 16 2.1.1.1. Silver ....................................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.1.2. Gold ........................................................................................................................................ 18 2.1.1.3. Copper and its Alloys ............................................................................................................. 20 2.1.1.4. Tin and Antimony ................................................................................................................... 21 2.1.1.5. Iron .......................................................................................................................................... 21 2.1.2. Techniques of Working and Fabrication .............................................................................................. 22 2.1.2.1. Casting .................................................................................................................................... 22 2.1.2.2. Plating ..................................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.2.3. Wire ........................................................................................................................................ 25 2.1.2.4. Filigree .................................................................................................................................... 26 2.1.2.5. Sheet-Metal ............................................................................................................................. 26 2.1.2.6. Raised Sheet Work (Repoussé, Chasing) ............................................................................... 27 2.1.2.7. Engraving and Incising ........................................................................................................... 27 2.1.2.8. Granulation ............................................................................................................................. 27 2.1.2.9. Joining .................................................................................................................................... 28 2.1.2.10. Cloisonnée ...........................................................................................................................
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