Supplementary Tables and Figures Greater Pollination Generalization Is Not Associated with Reduced Con- Straints on Corolla Shap
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Temporal and Spatial Origin of Gesneriaceae in the New World Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences
bs_bs_banner Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 171, 61–79. With 3 figures Temporal and spatial origin of Gesneriaceae in the New World inferred from plastid DNA sequences MATHIEU PERRET1*, ALAIN CHAUTEMS1, ANDRÉA ONOFRE DE ARAUJO2 and NICOLAS SALAMIN3,4 1Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Ch. de l’Impératrice 1, CH-1292 Chambésy, Switzerland 2Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, Brazil 3Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 4Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Received 15 December 2011; revised 3 July 2012; accepted for publication 18 August 2012 Gesneriaceae are represented in the New World (NW) by a major clade (c. 1000 species) currently recognized as subfamily Gesnerioideae. Radiation of this group occurred in all biomes of tropical America and was accompanied by extensive phenotypic and ecological diversification. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from three plastid loci to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Gesnerioideae and to investigate its relationship with other lineages of Gesneriaceae and Lamiales. Our molecular data confirm the inclusion of the South Pacific Coronanthereae and the Old World (OW) monotypic genus Titanotrichum in Gesnerioideae and the sister-group relationship of this subfamily to the rest of the OW Gesneriaceae. Calceolariaceae and the NW genera Peltanthera and Sanango appeared successively sister to Gesneriaceae, whereas Cubitanthus, which has been previously assigned to Gesneriaceae, is shown to be related to Linderniaceae. Based on molecular dating and biogeographical reconstruction analyses, we suggest that ancestors of Gesneriaceae originated in South America during the Late Cretaceous. -
Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales. -
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Molecular Species Delimitation, Taxonomy and Biogeography of Sri Lankan Gesneriaceae Subhani Wathsala Ranasinghe Doctor of Philosophy The University of Edinburgh Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2017 Declaration I hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own unless otherwise acknowledged and cited. This thesis has not in whole or in part been previously presented for any degree Subhani Wathsala Ranasinghe 24th January 2017. i Abstract The plant family Gesneriaceae is represented in Sri Lanka by six genera: Aeschynanthus, Epithema, Championia, Henckelia, Rhynchoglossum and Rhynchotechum, with 13 species (plus one subspecies/variety) of which ten are endemic including the monotypic genus Championia, according to the last revision in 1981. They are exclusively distributed in undisturbed habitats, and some have high ornamental value. The species are morphologically diverse, but face a problem of taxonomic delineation, which is further complicated by the presence of putative hybrids. -
South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level. -
Chemical Basis of Floral Color Signals in Gesneriaceae: the Effect of Alternative Anthocyanin Pathways
fpls-11-604389 December 8, 2020 Time: 18:44 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 14 December 2020 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.604389 Chemical Basis of Floral Color Signals in Gesneriaceae: The Effect of Alternative Anthocyanin Pathways Ezgi Ogutcen1, Karine Durand1, Marina Wolowski2, Laura Clavijo3, Catherine Graham4, Gaétan Glauser5 and Mathieu Perret1* 1 Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 2 Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil, 3 Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, National University of Colombia, UNAL, Bogotá, Colombia, 4 Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland, 5 Neuchatel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland Changes in floral pigmentation can have dramatic effects on angiosperm evolution by making flowers either attractive or inconspicuous to different pollinator groups. Flower color largely depends on the type and abundance of pigments produced in the petals, but it is still unclear whether similar color signals rely on same biosynthetic pathways and to which extent the activation of certain pathways influences the course of floral color evolution. To address these questions, we investigated the physical and chemical aspects of floral color in the Neotropical Gesnerioideae Edited by: (ca. 1,200 spp.), in which two types of anthocyanins, hydroxyanthocyanins, and Eduardo Narbona, deoxyanthocyanins, have been recorded as floral pigments. Using spectrophotometry, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Spain we measured flower reflectance for over 150 species representing different clades Reviewed by: Maximilian Larter, and pollination syndromes. We analyzed these reflectance data to estimate how the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Gesnerioideae flowers are perceived by bees and hummingbirds using the visual Netherlands Jair E. -
Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae Based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa
Systematic Botany (2010), 35(2): pp. 425–441 © Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa David C. Tank 1,2,3 and Michael J. Donoghue 1 1 Peabody Museum of Natural History & Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 U. S. A. 2 Department of Forest Resources & Stillinger Herbarium, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, P. O. Box 441133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 U. S. A. 3 Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Communicating Editor: Javier Francisco-Ortega Abstract— Previous attempts to resolve relationships among the primary lineages of Campanulidae (e.g. Apiales, Asterales, Dipsacales) have mostly been unconvincing, and the placement of a number of smaller groups (e.g. Bruniaceae, Columelliaceae, Escalloniaceae) remains uncertain. Here we build on a recent analysis of an incomplete data set that was assembled from the literature for a set of 50 campanulid taxa. To this data set we first added newly generated DNA sequence data for the same set of genes and taxa. Second, we sequenced three additional cpDNA coding regions (ca. 8,000 bp) for the same set of 50 campanulid taxa. Finally, we assembled the most comprehensive sample of cam- panulid diversity to date, including ca. 17,000 bp of cpDNA for 122 campanulid taxa and five outgroups. Simply filling in missing data in the 50-taxon data set (rendering it 94% complete) resulted in a topology that was similar to earlier studies, but with little additional resolution or confidence. -
Évolution Des Syndromes De Pollinisation Et Des Niches Bioclimatiques Au Sein Des Genres Antillais Gesneria Et Rhytidophyllum (Gesneriaceae)
Université de Montréal ÉVOLUTION DES SYNDROMES DE POLLINISATION ET DES NICHES BIOCLIMATIQUES AU SEIN DES GENRES ANTILLAIS GESNERIA ET RHYTIDOPHYLLUM (GESNERIACEAE) Hermine Alexandre Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale Département de Sciences Biologiques Faculté des Arts et Sciences Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de PhilosophæDoctor en sciences biologiques Avril 2016 c Hermine Alexandre, 2016 Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales Ce mémoire intitulé: Évolution des syndromes de pollinisation et des niches bioclimatiques au sein des genres Antillais Gesneria et Rhytidophyllum (Gesneriaceae) Présenté par: Hermine Alexandre a été évalué par un jury composé des personnes suivantes: Simon Joly, directeur de recherche Virginie Millien, évaluatrice externe Sébastien Renaut, membre du jury Thimothée Poisot, président du jury Résumé Contexte : Gesneria et Rhytidophyllum (Gesneriaceae) sont deux genres de plantes An- tillais aillant subi une forte diversification et qui présentent une forte variabilité de modes de pollinisation associés à des traits floraux particuliers. Les spécialistes des colibris ont des fleurs tubulaires rouges, alors que les spécialistes des chauves-souris et les généralistes présentent des fleurs campanulées de couleur pâle. La capacité d’être pollinisé par des chauves-souris (en excluant les colibris ou en devenant généraliste) a évolué plusieurs fois indépendamment au sein du groupe. Ces caractéristiques font de ces plantes un bon modèle pour étudier les relations entre l’évolution des modes de pollinisation et la diversification spécifique et écologique. Pour ceci, nous avons étudié les bases génétiques des changements de mode de pollinisation et les liens entre ces modes de pollinisations et la diversification des niches bioclimatiques. -
Complete List of Gesneriad Species
Gesneriaceae Currently Aeschynanthus batakiorum Aeschynanthus jouyi Accepted Species Names Aeschynanthus batesii Aeschynanthus kermesinus Aeschynanthus brachyphyllus Aeschynanthus lancilimbus Updated 4/1/21 Aeschynanthus bracteatus Aeschynanthus lasianthus (originally SI Checklist 6-15-12 Aeschynanthus breviflorus Aeschynanthus lasiocalyx previously updated to 6/1/16) Aeschynanthus burttii Aeschynanthus lepidospermus https://padme.rbge.org.uk/grc Aeschynanthus buxifolius Aeschynanthus leptocladus Aeschynanthus calanthus Aeschynanthus leucothamnos Gesnereaceae Resource Centre - Aeschynanthus cambodiensis # Aeschynanthus ligustrinus create a checklist (rbge.org. -
A New Formal Classification of Gesneriaceae Is Proposed
Selbyana 31(2): 68–94. 2013. ANEW FORMAL CLASSIFICATION OF GESNERIACEAE ANTON WEBER* Department of Structural and Functional Botany, Faculty of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. Email: [email protected] JOHN L. CLARK Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA. MICHAEL MO¨ LLER Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, U.K. ABSTRACT. A new formal classification of Gesneriaceae is proposed. It is the first detailed and overall classification of the family that is essentially based on molecular phylogenetic studies. Three subfamilies are recognized: Sanangoideae (monospecific with Sanango racemosum), Gesnerioideae and Didymocarpoideae. As to recent molecular data, Sanango/Sanangoideae (New World) is sister to Gesnerioideae + Didymocarpoideae. Its inclusion in the Gesneriaceae amends the traditional concept of the family and makes the family distinctly older. Subfam. Gesnerioideae (New World, if not stated otherwise with the tribes) is subdivided into five tribes: Titanotricheae (monospecific, East Asia), Napeantheae (monogeneric), Beslerieae (with two subtribes: Besleriinae and Anetanthinae), Coronanthereae (with three subtribes: Coronantherinae, Mitrariinae and Negriinae; southern hemisphere), and Gesnerieae [with five subtribes: Gesneriinae, Gloxiniinae, Columneinae (5the traditional Episcieae), Sphaerorrhizinae (5the traditional Sphaerorhizeae, monogeneric), and Ligeriinae (5the traditional Sinningieae)]. In the Didymocarpoideae (almost exclusively -
Lamiales – Synoptical Classification Vers
Lamiales – Synoptical classification vers. 2.6.2 (in prog.) Updated: 12 April, 2016 A Synoptical Classification of the Lamiales Version 2.6.2 (This is a working document) Compiled by Richard Olmstead With the help of: D. Albach, P. Beardsley, D. Bedigian, B. Bremer, P. Cantino, J. Chau, J. L. Clark, B. Drew, P. Garnock- Jones, S. Grose (Heydler), R. Harley, H.-D. Ihlenfeldt, B. Li, L. Lohmann, S. Mathews, L. McDade, K. Müller, E. Norman, N. O’Leary, B. Oxelman, J. Reveal, R. Scotland, J. Smith, D. Tank, E. Tripp, S. Wagstaff, E. Wallander, A. Weber, A. Wolfe, A. Wortley, N. Young, M. Zjhra, and many others [estimated 25 families, 1041 genera, and ca. 21,878 species in Lamiales] The goal of this project is to produce a working infraordinal classification of the Lamiales to genus with information on distribution and species richness. All recognized taxa will be clades; adherence to Linnaean ranks is optional. Synonymy is very incomplete (comprehensive synonymy is not a goal of the project, but could be incorporated). Although I anticipate producing a publishable version of this classification at a future date, my near- term goal is to produce a web-accessible version, which will be available to the public and which will be updated regularly through input from systematists familiar with taxa within the Lamiales. For further information on the project and to provide information for future versions, please contact R. Olmstead via email at [email protected], or by regular mail at: Department of Biology, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA. -
The Evolution of Mutualistic Defense Traits in Plants A
THE EVOLUTION OF MUTUALISTIC DEFENSE TRAITS IN PLANTS A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Marjorie Gail Weber August 2014 © 2014 Marjorie Gail Weber THE EVOLUTION OF MUTUALISTIC DEFENSE TRAITS IN PLANTS Marjorie Gail Weber, Ph. D. Cornell University 2014 Plant traits that mediate mutualistic interactions as a mode of defense are pervasive, have originated independently many times within angiosperms, and are highly variable across taxa. My dissertation research examines the evolutionary ecology of two common plant traits that mediate defense mutualisms in plants: extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), plant organs that secrete small volumes of nectar, thereby attracting predacious arthropods to leaves, and (2) leaf domatia, small structures on the undersides of leaves that provide housing for predacious or fungivorous mites. Because traits like EFNs and domatia influence multiple trophic levels, their evolution can have strong impacts on community dynamics relative to other plant characters. Nonetheless, studies that directly link the ecological effects of these traits with their evolutionary dynamics are rare. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Marjorie Weber was born in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. She received a BA in Biology from Lewis and Clark College in 2007. iv Dedicated to my family, friends, and to Gideon v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I thank my advisor, Anurag Agrawal. His support, enthusiasm, and incredible mentorship will never be forgotten. I also owe a huge acknowledgment to my exceptional committee: Monica Geber, Harry Greene, Michael Donoghue and Irby Lovette. Thank you for giving me this opportunity, and for teaching me how to be a scientist- you have been endlessly inspirational and supportive, and I am so fortunate to call you my mentors. -
Phylogenetics of Asterids Based on 3 Coding and 3 Non-Coding Chloroplast DNA Markers and the Utility of Non-Coding DNA at Higher Taxonomic Levels
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 24 (2002) 274–301 www.academicpress.com Phylogenetics of asterids based on 3 coding and 3 non-coding chloroplast DNA markers and the utility of non-coding DNA at higher taxonomic levels Birgitta Bremer,a,e,* Kaare Bremer,a Nahid Heidari,a Per Erixon,a Richard G. Olmstead,b Arne A. Anderberg,c Mari Kaallersj€ oo,€ d and Edit Barkhordariana a Department of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyva€gen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden b Department of Botany, University of Washington, P.O. Box 355325, Seattle, WA, USA c Department of Phanerogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden d Laboratory for Molecular Systematics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden e The Bergius Foundation at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 50017, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Received 25 September 2001; received in revised form 4 February 2002 Abstract Asterids comprise 1/4–1/3 of all flowering plants and are classified in 10 orders and >100 families. The phylogeny of asterids is here explored with jackknife parsimony analysis of chloroplast DNA from 132 genera representing 103 families and all higher groups of asterids. Six different markers were used, three of the markers represent protein coding genes, rbcL, ndhF, and matK, and three other represent non-coding DNA; a region including trnL exons and the intron and intergenic spacers between trnT (UGU) to trnF (GAA); another region including trnV exons and intron, trnM and intergenic spacers between trnV (UAC) and atpE, and the rps16 intron.