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Report Meduxnekeag River Watershed Assessment Study and Plan 2018-03-28

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Report Meduxnekeag River Watershed Assessment Study and Plan 2018-03-28 Tribal Partnership Program Section 729 Watershed Assessment Draft Watershed Assessment and Management Plan Wolastoq (Saint John River) Meduxnekeag Subbasin State of Maine and Canadian Provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec February 2019 DRAFT Wolastoq (Saint John River) Watershed Assessment and Management Plan, Meduxnekeag Subbasin Prepared for: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England District 696 Virginia Rd. Concord, MA 01742-2751 Prepared by: AECOM 250 Apollo Drive Chelmsford, MA 01824 aecom.com 20 December 2018 Wolastoq (Saint John River) Watershed U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Assessment and Management Plan New England District Meduxnekeag Subbasin DRAFT The information presented in this report is to provide strategic framework of potential options to address problems within the Meduxnekeag River of the Wolastoq (Saint John River) Watershed. Options identified will follow normal authorization and budgetary processes of the appropriate agencies. Any costs presented are rough order magnitude estimates used for screening purposes only. December 2018 AECOM i Wolastoq (Saint John River) Watershed U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Assessment and Management Plan New England District Meduxnekeag Subbasin DRAFT Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 History and Background ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of the Watershed Assessment and Management Plan ........................................ 1 1.3 Watershed Location ............................................................................................................ 2 1.3.1 Saint John River Watershed ............................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Meduxnekeag River Watershed .......................................................................................... 2 1.4 Study Authority and Guidance ............................................................................................ 4 1.5 Watershed Goals and Vision Statement ............................................................................. 4 2. Watershed Assessment ................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Existing Watershed Conditions ........................................................................................... 6 2.2 Climate ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.3 Soils and Geology ............................................................................................................. 10 2.4 Hydrology .......................................................................................................................... 10 2.5 Fish Passage .................................................................................................................... 12 2.5.1 Dams ................................................................................................................................. 12 2.5.2 Stream Crossings - Culverts ............................................................................................. 13 2.5.3 Natural Barriers ................................................................................................................. 15 2.6 Water Quality..................................................................................................................... 17 2.6.1 State of Maine Water Quality Classifications .................................................................... 17 2.6.2 Pollutant Loading .............................................................................................................. 18 2.6.3 Water Quality Monitoring ................................................................................................... 18 2.7 Fish Resources and Habitat .............................................................................................. 21 2.7.1 Native Species .................................................................................................................. 22 2.7.2 Fish Habitat ....................................................................................................................... 24 2.7.3 Diadromous Species ......................................................................................................... 26 2.7.4 Non-Native and Invasive Species ..................................................................................... 35 2.8 Cultural Resources............................................................................................................ 36 2.9 Recreation and Tourism .................................................................................................... 36 3. Restoration Plan ............................................................................................................................. 37 3.1 Restoration Goals and Objectives .................................................................................... 37 3.2 Restoration Project Screening .......................................................................................... 38 3.3 Potential Restoration Projects ........................................................................................... 43 3.3.1 Cross-Boundary Fish Passage Coordination .................................................................... 43 3.3.2 eDNA Survey to Confirm Presence of Atlantic Salmon ..................................................... 43 3.3.3 Expansion of Instream Physical Habitat Enhancements .................................................. 44 3.3.4 BMPs to Minimize Sedimentation and Nutrient Loading................................................... 46 3.3.5 Instream Atlantic Salmon Egg Planting ............................................................................. 47 3.3.6 Moose Brook Culvert Replacement .................................................................................. 48 3.3.7 Restoration of River Herring to Meduxnekeag Lake ......................................................... 52 3.3.8 Capture Incoming Atlantic Salmon Adults Below Mactaquac Dam and Transplant to the Meduxnekeag River .......................................................................................................... 52 3.3.9 Streamside Incubation of Atlantic Salmon Eggs ............................................................... 53 3.3.10 Fish Passage Improvements at the Mactaquac Dam ....................................................... 54 3.3.11 Low-Priority Projects ......................................................................................................... 57 3.4 Recommended Actions ..................................................................................................... 57 December 2018 AECOM ii Wolastoq (Saint John River) Watershed U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Assessment and Management Plan New England District Meduxnekeag Subbasin DRAFT 3.4.1 Implementation .................................................................................................................. 57 3.4.2 Expected Future Condition/Outcome ................................................................................ 58 3.4.3 Stakeholder and Rightsholder Outreach ........................................................................... 62 4. References ..................................................................................................................................... 64 Figures Figure 1-1. Saint John River Watershed Subbasins Within the U.S. and Canada ....................................... 1 Figure 1-2. Overview of the Meduxnekeag River Watershed ....................................................................... 3 Figure 2-1. Land Cover within the Meduxnekeag River Watershed ............................................................. 7 Figure 2-2. Monthly Average Temperature at Houlton, Maine ...................................................................... 9 Figure 2-3. Monthly Average Precipitation at Houlton, Maine ....................................................................... 9 Figure 2-4. Meduxnekeag River Instantaneous Flow at the Lowery Road Bridge USGS Gaging Station (01018035) Between 2007 and 2017. ..................................................................................... 11 Figure 2-5. Classification of the 208 Stream Crossings Inventoried within the Meduxnekeag River Watershed ............................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 2-6. Relative Abundance of Fish Barrier Status at Stream Crossings in the Meduxnekeag River Watershed, Including Tributary Streams ................................................................................. 14 Figure 2-7. Natural Potential Barriers to Fish Migration in the North Branch of the Meduxnekeag River Near Oakville, New Brunswick (Canada) at the Briggs Mill Site. ............................................ 16 Figure 2-8. Jackson Falls during High-Flow Conditions in the Mainstem of the Meduxnekeag River, Near Oakville, New Brunswick (Canada). ........................................................................................ 16 Figure 2-9. Water Temperature in the Mainstem of the Meduxnekeag River During Summer
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