Farmers, Hunters, and Colonists: Interaction Between the Southwest and the Southern Plains

Farmers, Hunters, and Colonists: Interaction Between the Southwest and the Southern Plains Item Type book; text Publisher University of Arizona Press (Tucson, AZ) Rights Copyright © 1991 by The Arizona Board of Regents. The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC-ND 4.0), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Download date 11/10/2021 06:58:25 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/632281 Interaction Between the Southwest and the Southern Plains Farmers, Hunters, and Colonists Farmers, Hunters, and Colonists INTERACTION BETWEEN THE SOUTHWEST AND THE SOUTHERN PLAINS Edited by Katherine A. Spielmann THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA PRESS TUCSON This Open Arizona edition is funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. The University of Arizona Press www.uapress.arizona.edu Copyright © 1991 by The Arizona Board of Regents Open-access edition published 2018 ISBN-13: 978-0-8165-3786-0 (open-access e-book) The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Typographical errors may have been introduced in the digitization process. The Library of Congress has cataloged the print edition as follows: Farmers, hunters, and colonists : interaction between the Southwest and the southern plains / edited by Katherine A. Spielmann. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8165-1224-8 1. Pueblo Indians—Commerce. 2. Pueblo Indians—Agriculture. 3. Pueblo Indians—History. 4. Barter—Great Plains—History. 5. Barter—Southwest, New—History. 6. Frontier and pioneer life— Great Plains—History. 7. Frontier and pioneer life—Southwest, New—History. I. Spielmann, Katherine A. E99.P9F37 1991 303.4ʹ82ʹ0978—dc20 91-11619 CIP British Library Cataloguing in Publication data are available. Contents Preface ix I Interaction Among Nonhierarchical Societies I KATHERINE A. SPIELMANN 2 Some Unexplored Aspects of Mu tualistic Plains-Pueblo Food Exchange 18 JOHN D. SPETH 3 Coercion or Cooperation? Plains-Pueblo Interaction in the Protohistoric Period 36 KATHERINE A. SPIELMANN 4 Evidence for the Manufacture of Southwestern-Style Culinary Ceramics on the Southern Plains 51 JUDITH A. HABICHT·MAUCHE 5 Upland Prehistoric Maize Agriculture in the Eastern Rio Grande and Its Peripheries 71 DAVID H. SNOW 6 Texas Panhandle-Pueblo Interactions from the Thirteenth Through the Sixteenth Century 89 CHRISTOPHER LINTZ vi Contents 7 Ecology and Exchange: The Dynamics of Plains-Pueblo Interaction 107 TIMOTHY G. BAUGH 8 Changing Contexts of Pueblo Adaptations, A.D. 1250-1600 128 DAVID R. WILCOX 9 Economic Perspectives on the Comanchero Trade 155 FRANCES LEVINE Bibliography 171 Index 213 Contributors TIMOTHY G. BAUGH Department of Archaeology, Boston University, 675 Common wealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 022 Is JUDITH A. HABICHT-MAUCHE Board of Studies in Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 FRANCES LEVINE Santa Fe Community College, P.O. Box 4187, or 1677 Cerro Gordo Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501 CHRISTOPHER LINTZ Mariah Associates, Inc., 1700 South Lamar, Suite 240, Austin, Texas 78704 DAVID H. SNOW Cross-Cultural Research Systems, 826-A3 Camino de Monte Rey, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501 JOHN D. SPETH Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 KATHERINE A. SPIELMANN Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 8 5 287 DAVID R. WILCOX Museum of Northern Arizona and Department of Anthro pology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001 Preface People follow the cows {bison/, hunting them and tanning their skins to take to the settlements in the winter to sell, since they go there to pass the winter. -CASTANEDA, CHRONICLER OF THE CORONADO EXPEDITION In 1540 the first expedition to explore the Southwest, that of Fran cisco Vasquez de Coronado, witnessed the exchange between eastern border Pueblo and southern Plains populations documented by Cas taneda (Winship 18961 279). Later expeditions in the sixteenth cen tury, and colonists in the seventeenth, also noted an ongoing Plains Pueblo trade in foodstuffs and manufactured items. In the twentieth century, historians have analyzed the changes in Plains-Pueblo in teraction that resulted from the presence of Spanish colonists and access to their goods, while archaeologists have produced evidence of prehistoric Plains-Pueblo interaction. Although myriad data exist concerning relations between these two regions, no attempt has been made to synthesize this information and to develop evolution ary models of changing Plains-Pueblo interaction over time. Recently, however, Jim Judge and Patty Crown provided the oppor tunity to bring together a variety of scholars concerned with Plains Pueblo interaction. At their invitation I organized a conference on this topic involving both archaeologists and historians, Plains schol ars and Pueblo scholars. The meeting was held at the Fort Burgwin Research Center of Southern Methodist University, Ranchos de Taos, New Mexico, in September 1987. The setting was quite appropriate in that Taos was the host of numerous Plains trade fairs in the seven teenth and eighteenth centuries. Through formal papers and ample opportunity for discussion both during organized sessions and over dinner, we tackled questions con cerning the variety of ways in which Plains and Pueblo populations had interacted and the processes that led to the evolution of that x Preface interaction over time. This volume presents the results of those pa· pers and discussions. We owe a great debt to Jim and Patty for proposing the conference initially and for providing gracious hospitality while we were at Fort Burgwin. The accommodations were superb and the atmosphere very comfortable. They made our stay particularly memorable. Southern Methodist University generously covered the travel costs of the participants. After the conference we revised the papers, circulated them, and revised them a second time. In this process, numerous people pro· vided invaluable assistance. The authors have acknowledged this help in their individual chapters. In closing, I would like to thank Marsha Schweitzer for assistance in preparing the manuscript, and Shearon Vaughn for drafting Figure I. I. I would also like to thank my husband, Bill Edwards, who has been unfailingly supportive through out the compilation of this volume and who has provided invaluable assistance in preparing tables, proofreading, and trouble-shooting problems with the variety of word processing programs used by the authors. KATHERINE A. SPIELMANN May 1990 Farmers, Hunters, and Colonists L Interaction Among Nonhierarchical Societies KATHERINE A. SPIELMANN This volume is concerned with interaction among prehistoric and historic societies in the Southwest and the southern Plains. Through the analysis of interactions in this area, our goal is to begin to eluci date processes of interaction and interdependence among nonhierar chical societies in general. However, before moving on to a discus sion of interaction, I should note that the choice of anthropological terms to describe the societies we are dealing with is fairly limited (see Braun and Plog 1982, 504, for a similar complaint). The term nonhierarchical is not an ideal one, because it is based on the lack of certain attributes rather than their presence. It signifies societies in which decision making is largely consensus based and permanent positions of status and leadership based on ascription are lacking. Egalitarian is another possible term. In reality, however, purely egali tarian societies do not exist. Even in the definition of egalitarian society lFried 1968) it is acknowledged that there are status differ· ences based on age, sex, and personal abilities. Such status differ· ences may have profound effects on sociopolitical behavior within so-called egalitarian societies, as in the case of "big man" systems. Finally, the term tribal, as defined by Service (1962), with its implica tion of social networks integrated by crosscutting sodalities, may not apply to all the groups we consider, some of whom may be more accurately described as bands (see Baugh, this volume). Thus, for want of a better term, I will use nonhierarchical. Interaction among nonhierarchical societies has come to be of in creasing interest to anthropologists and archaeologists as their per ceptions of these societies have changed. Originally, it was assumed that nonhierarchical societies were independent, self-sufficient 2 KATHERINE A. SPIELMANN entities jsee, for example, Fried's 1968 discussion of egalitarian societies). More recently, however, it has been demonstrated that nonhierarchical societies are rarely self-sufficient with regard to sub sistence and other basic material resources. In fact, such societies often engage in a wide variety of exchange relations in order to gain access to various material items (see Spielmann 1986 and references therein). The recognition that complex economic and social behaviors are possible in societies in which power is diffuse and decision making is largely consensus based has important implications for the study of the evolution of social and economic systems. Given that the majority of human existence has been

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