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Variation in the Genus Orthaulax (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Harold E

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Variation in the Genus Orthaulax (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Harold E VARIATION IN THE GENUS ORTHAULAX (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) HAROLD E. VOKES* and EMILY H. VOKES* TULANE UNIVERSITY CONTENTS Page I. ABSTRACT --------------- ------------------------ -- ------ ----- -- -- ---- ------- ---------------------------------- -- 71 II. INTRODUCTION ___________ ____ _________________________ ______ ------------------------------- _____ ----------------- -- -- 71 III. LIST OF DESCRIBED SPECIES __________ ----------------------------------------------------------------- ------- 72 IV. LOCALITY DAT A ________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------- 79 V. LITERATURE CITED ___________________________________________ ------------ -- -------------------------- --- ----------- 79 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE 1 ----------- -- -------------------------------------- - ----- --------------·- --- - --------------------------------------- 73 PLATE 2 75 PLATE 3 77 I. ABSTRACT In the Tulane Geological Collections we A study of approximately 750 specimens are fortunate to have a large number of of Orthaulax gabbi Dall, from the Chipola specimens of a single species, 0. gab bi Dall, Formation of northwestern Florida, reveals from the same stratigraphic level, the Chi­ a high degree of variation in the spire pola Formation of northwestern Florida height, spire angle, and nature of the cross­ (approximately 750 specimens from 27 lo- sectional outline of the shell. As these calities). Although perfect specimens com­ characteristics are the criteria upon which plete with outer lip are less common than broken specimens, nevertheless a good per­ new species have been distinguished in ~he past it is probable that several of the exist­ centage are almost complete. Even super­ ficial examination of this collection makes ing taxa, if adequately known, would be it immediately apparent that there is a high found to be synonyms. degree of variation within one "population" The eleven described species of Orthau­ in the above-mentioned "specific" charac­ lax are listed with their stratigraphic occur­ teristics. It is possible to match a Chipola rence. In addition, 0. gab bi is discussed in specimen with every described species to greater detail and the color pattern of the a greater or lesser degree of exactness. !his species is figured. is not to suggest that all of the described II. INTRODUCTION species are synonyms, but certainly. many of them are suspect and one should be very In the almost 100 years since Gabb first hesitant to name any new species of Orthau­ described the bizarre strombid genus Orthau­ lax. lax ( 1873, p. 272; type species: 0. in?r­ The details of the various attributes and natus) a number of species and subspeoes geologic position of the species of Orthau­ have been described. Almost all of these lax have been summarized by Cooke ( 1921) were based upon but one or two specimens and Woodring ( 1923). The genus is wide­ and were differentiated by such character­ spread in the upper Oligocene ~nd lower istics as spire height, spire angle, or nature Miocene beds of the southern Umted States of the cross-sectional outline of the shell. and especially in the Caribbean area. Its presence in the Chipola Formation ha~ been * The support afforded by National . Science Foundation Grant number G. B. 6048 is grate­ taken as an indication of the lower Miocene fully acknowledged. aaeb of that formation but this seems to be EDITORIAL COMMITTEE FOR THIS p APER: DRUID WILSON, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. WENDELL P. WOODRING, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. 71 72 Tulane St1~dies in Geology Vol. 6 rather ad hoc reasoning. Orthaulax is a termining the final appearance due to lack good example of a "facies fossil," in that of strata of the proper facies. it is almost always confined to limy beds. 0. gab bi is the only species of Orthaulax In the Chipola Formation, for example, the that occurs in any numbers in non­ majority of the specimens occur along the consolidated limestones. Almost all other Chipola River and Farley Creek, a tributary specimens of Orthaulax known are from to the east. Here the Chipola is an uncon­ indurated formations and occur as internal solidated calcarenite with local coral reef and external molds, or casts. Usually these development. To the west, on Ten Mile are imperfectly preserved and almost in­ Creek, the facies changes markedly to a fine variably the expanded outer lip is lost. It arenaceous clay, and here Orthaulax is al­ has been speculated by Davies ( 1935, p. most completely lacking. The single excep­ 266) that the shell of Orthaulax was adapted tion to this facies control in the Chipola to strongly surging water, as would be found Formation is at Alum Bluff (the lower in association with coral reefs. Certainly the part) where Orthaulax is common but the appearance of Orthaulax is directly correla­ matrix is a coarse quartz sand. The paleoe­ tive with coral reefs, even in the Chipola cology of the Chipola exposed at Alum Formation. This high energy environment Bluff appears to be different from any is not conducive to the preservation of the other Chipola locality as indicated by the thin outer lip of these otherwise massive abundant shells of Mercenaria langdoni shells. Apparently we have in the Chipola (Dall) not seen anywhere in the Chipola Formation a combination of coral environ­ River area. It is presumed to have been a ment where the Orthaulax would live plus very shallow water, nearshore environment. a low energy back reef site for optimum The presence of a nearby coral reef cannot preservation conditions. be discounted, but no coral has been found Below is a chronological list of the de­ at this locality. The sands of both the Oak scribed forms of Orthaulax with their Grove and the Shoal River formations are stratigraphic occurrences. This is not meant also non-calcareous with no coral and no to be a critical analysis for we do not have Orthaulax. The absence of Orthaulax would the comparative material necessary. It is appear to be far more indicative of ecologic simply a compilation with appropriate com­ than of age differences. The middle Miocene ments on possible relationships. formations throughout the Caribbean area including the Cercado and the Gurabo in III. LIST OF DESCRIBED SPECIES Santo Domingo, and the Gatun in Panama, 0RTHAULAX INORNATUS Gabb are also of the argillaceous facies. It is prob­ Orthaulax inornatus GABB, 1873, Acad. Nat. able that the line did die out by the middle Sci. Phila., Proc., v. 24 (for 1872), p. 272, Miocene but we have no real way of de- pl. 9, figs. 3, 4. PLATE 1 Orthaulax gabbi Dall (All figures X 1 ) 1-4. Growth sequence showing progressive envelopment of the spire. 1. USNM 645907; height 19 mm, diameter 10.5 mm; locality TU 458. 2. USNM 645908; height 27 mm, diameter 14 mm; locality TU 547. 3. USNM 645906; height 39.5 mm, diameter 19 mm; locality TU 547. 4. USNM 645905; height 46 mm, diameter 23 mm; locality TU 548. 5. Specimen with shell broken away to show layered nature of the callus. 5. USNM 645896; height 47 mm, diameter 22 mm; locality TU 547. 6-8. Variation in large specimens. 6. USNM 645898; height ( incomplete) 35.5 mm, diameter 46 mm; locality TU 821. 7. USNM 645899; height 82.5 mm, diameter 46 mm; locality TU 548. 8. USNM 645897; height 79 mm, diameter 39 mm; locality TU 458. 73 Variation in Orthaulax No. 2 6b 6a 1a Ba Bb 1 b PLATE l 74 Tulane Studies in Geology Vol. 6 Geologic occurrence: Baitoa Formation, Do­ pugnax also has spiral lines on the base of minican Republic; lower Miocene. the body whorl and it is strongly suspected Discussion: Although this genus and that 0. pugnax is a synonym of 0. inornatus. species usually have been cited as of Gabb, Unfortunately there is little good material 1872, examination of the volume concerned available for 0 . pugnax so that a positive shows that pages 265 to 280 were published assignment is impossible. If the two should February 11, 1873. Described without lo­ prove to be synonymous one might suggest cality data, the species is now known to that the Baitoa Formation correlates with come from the Baitoa Formation of Santo the Tampa Limestone rather than with the Domingo. Pilsbry ( 1922, pl. 30, figs. 13-18) Chipola, as shown by Cooke, et al. ( 1943). figured several specimens from Gabb's col­ Woodring ( 192 3, p. 2) reported a num­ lection which demonstrate the variability of ber of occurrences of 0. pugnax from the this form. 0. inornatus has a series of spiral Glendon Limestone of southern Alabama lines at the anterior end of the shell and a and northern Florida. However, these speci­ relatively high spired outline. (For the mens are referable to the form subsequently lower spired members, Pilsbry proposed a named 0 . hernando ensis by Mansfield. The sub-species altilis.) specimens reported from the upper Oligo­ cene Flint River Formation are probably ORTHAULAX PUGNAX (Heilprin) also to be referred to 0. hernandoensis. Wagneria pugnax HEILPRIN, 1887, Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Trans., v. 1, p. 106, pl. lS, 0RTHAULAX GABBI Dall fig. 36, 36a. Plates 1-3 Geologic occurrence: (?) Flint River Forma­ Orthaulax gabbi DALL, 1890, Wagner Free Inst. tion, Georgia; upper Oligocene. Tampa Lime­ Sci .. Trans., v. 3, pt. 1, p. 170, pl. 12, figs. stone, Florida; lower Miocene. S, Sa, Sb. Discussion: Although the type of 0. pug­ Geologic occurrence: Chipola Formation, Flor­ nax has a relatively low spire, an example ida; (?) lower Miocene. figured by Dall ( 1916, pl. 88, fig. 9) from Discussion: Although 0 . gabbi strongly Ballast Point has a spire angle equal to 0. resembles 0. pugnax, as was observed by inornatus, as it was identified by Dall.* 0. Cooke ( 1921, p. 29), the two forms do * Druid Wilson, of the U. S. Geological Sur­ seem to differ in the presence of spiral rib­ vey, has examined this specimen and he is of bing on the base of 0. pugnax which is the opinion that the shell is a true 0. inornatus lacking in adult specimens of 0.
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