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Inventario Debiodiversidad Delacostasur Dejaliscoycolima Inventario de biodiversidad de la costa sur de JaliscoVolumen 2 y Colima Enrique Godínez-Domínguez María del Carmen Franco-Gordo (eds.) universidad de guadalajara Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de las Zonas Costeras rector general Mtro. Itzcóatl Tonatiuh Bravo Padilla vicerrector ejecutivo Dr. Miguel Ángel Navarro Navarro secretario general Mtro. José Alfredo Peña Ramos rector del centro universitario de la costa sur Mtro. Alfredo Tomás Ortega Ojeda secretario académico M. en C. Alfredo Castañeda Palomera secretario administrativo Dr. Luis Carlos Gámez Adame Enrique Godínez-Domínguez, Carmen Franco-Gordo (eds.) DR © Universidad de Guadalajara, 2013 Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, México isbn (obra completa): 978-607-7768-73-9 isbn (volumen 2): 978-607-7768-75-3 Impreso y hecho en México Printed and made in Mexico Se prohíbe la reproducción, el registro o la transmisión parcial o total de esta obra por cualquier sistema de recuperación de información, sea mecánico, fotoquímico, electró- nico, magnético, electro-óptico, por fotocopia o cualquier otro, existente o por existir, sin el permiso previo por escrito del titular de los derechos correspondientes. Contenido Arrecifes y comunidades coralinas de la costa sur de Jalisco y Colima Amílcar Leví Cupul-Magaña, Alma Paola Rodríguez-Troncoso, Fabián Alejandro Rodríguez-Zaragoza, Luis Eduardo Calderón-Aguilera 6 Moluscos bentónicos de fondos blandos de la plataforma continental del sur de Jalisco y Colima Emilio Michel-Morfín, Víctor Landa-Jaime, Judith Arciniega-Flores 14 Moluscos bentónicos del submareal de la bahía de Navidad, Jalisco Antonio Corgos, Thalía González-Sánchez, Juan Ramón Flores-Ortega, Ma. del Carmen Esqueda-Gozález, Enrique Godínez-Domínguez 33 Equinodermos de la costa sur de Jalisco y Colima Alma Paola Rodríguez-Troncoso, Rosa Carmen Sotelo-Casas, Cristian Moisés Galván-Villa, Enrique Godínez-Domínguez, Juan Ramón Flores-Ortega, Karla Mariana del Castillo-Fernández, Antonio Corgos, Francisco Alonso Solís-Marín 46 Decápodos y estomatópodos bentónicos de la costa sur de Jalisco y Colima Antonio Corgos, Juan Ramón Flores-Ortega, Enrique Godínez-Domínguez 61 Peces de la laguna costera Barra de Navidad, Jalisco Gaspar González-Sansón, Consuelo Aguilar-Betancourt 91 Peces asociados a arrecifes y comunidades coralinas de la costa sur de Jalisco y Colima Amílcar Leví Cupul-Magaña 106 4 Aves acuáticas en el Pacífico central mexicano Salvador Hernández-Vázquez, Miriam Daniela Rodríguez, Jorge A. Rojo-Vázquez, Francisco Hernández-Vázquez, Ana María Almaguer-Hernández, Jesús Manuel Bojórquez-Castro 120 Cetáceos de la costa de Jalisco, Colima y Michoacán Christian D. Ortega-Ortiz, Evelyn R. Díaz-Torres, Ariadna E. Juárez-Ruiz, María José Hernández-Dueñas 136 5 Arrecifes y comunidades coralinas de la Costa Sur de Jalisco y Colima Amílcar Leví Cupul-Magaña Alma Paola Rodríguez-Troncoso Fabián Alejandro Rodríguez-Zaragoza Luis Eduardo Calderón-Aguilera Estructura arrecifal de corales del género Pocillopora en Playa Mora, bahía de Tenaca- tita, Jalisco. Foto Amílcar Cupul. Regresar al índice 6 Phylum: Cnidaria Clase: Anthozoa Los corales escleractinios tienen una estructura simple, sus cuerpos son parecidos a bolsas y se denominan pólipos. Generalmente crecen juntos para formar colonias. Tienen una pared corporal formada solamente por dos capas de células y un esqueleto externo formado de carbonato de calcio (Veron 2011). Aproximadamente se tienen registradas 18 familias, 110 géneros y cerca de 800 especies de corales escleractinios (Veron 2000; Spalding et al. 2001). Los corales formadores de arrecife se encuentran distribuidos en una franja latitudinal estrecha (30°N, 30°S), donde destaca la región del Indo-Pacífico con el mayor número de especies. El máximo se re- gistra en la región insular del Sureste de Asia, mientras que en las costas occidentales de América y África la diversidad de corales y el desarrollo arrecifal está muy restringido (Spalding et al. 2001). La presencia de corales y arrecifes en el Pacífico oriental se distribu- ye desde el Mar de Cortés hasta Ecuador y Chile al sur, y desde la costa de Colombia hasta la isla de Clipperton al oeste; el mayor desarrollo arrecifal está en Costa Rica, Panamá, Colombia y en las islas oceánicas de Cocos y Clipperton (Glynn et al. 1996; Cortés 1997). Los arrecifes del Pacífico oriental son relativamente pequeños, dis- continuos y formados por unas cuantas especies de coral, con dominio del género Pocillopora, y en algunas localidades (principalmente insula- res) por los géneros Porites y Pavona (Cortés 2003). En el Pacífico Tropical Oriental (pto) mexicano, los corales escle- ractinios están representados por cinco familias (Pocilloporidae, Side- rastreidae, Agariciidae, Fungiidae y Poritidae), siete géneros (Pocillopora, Psammocora, Pavona, Leptoseris, Gardineroseris, Fungia y Porites) y 33 especies (Reyes-Bonilla et al. 2005). 7 Corales ramificados del género Pocillopora registrados en la Costa Sur de Jalisco y Man- zanillo, Colima: a) P. capitata, b) P. damicornis, c) P. verrucosa, d) P. inflata. (a,b y c co- rresponden a Coastecomatitos en Punta Melaque, d corresponde a Carrizales, Colima). Fotos Amílcar Cupul. Corales masivos de los géneros Porites y Pavona en la Costa Sur de Jalisco y Manzanillo, Colima. a) Porites panamensis (Chamela, Jalisco), b) Porites lobata, c) Pavona gigantea (La Boquita, Colima), d) Pavona clavus (Carrizales, Colima) junto a una especie nodu- losa de Psammocora contigua. Fotos Amílcar Cupul. 8 Importancia Los arrecifes coralinos están considerados entre los ecosistemas más biodiversos y complejos de los océanos (Connell 1978), y funcionan como zonas de refugio, alimentación, reproducción y crianza para nu- merosos organismos. Asimismo, son un recurso valioso para las comu- nidades costeras tropicales, ya que les proveen de beneficios sociales y culturales así como de importantes beneficios económicos a través de actividades tales como la pesca y el turismo (Tutangata 2000). La pérdida potencial de estos ecosistemas en cualquier región ten- drá enormes efectos en cascada para las especies dependientes del arre- cife, y sobre un gran número de personas y naciones que dependen de los recursos de los arrecifes de coral para su seguridad económica y ali- mentaria (Polidoro et al. 2008). Arrecifes y comunidades coralinas en el Pacífico de México Debido a la extensión y variedad de la geomorfología y condiciones oceanográficas a lo largo de las costa del Pacífico Mexicano, las carac- terísticas y composición de las comunidades coralinas cambian apre- ciablemente (Reyes-Bonilla 2003). En el Pacífico Mexicano, las prin- cipales formaciones arrecifales coralinas se encuentran distribuidas a lo largo de cinco regiones, cuatro de ellas costeras: el suroeste del Golfo de California en Cabo Pulmo y San Gabriel (Reyes-Bonilla 1993; Re- yes-Bonilla y López-Pérez 2009); la Costa Sur de Nayarit (Carriquiry y Reyes-Bonilla 1997) y las islas Marías (Pérez-Vivar et al. 2006); Ix- tapa-Zihuatanejo en Guerrero (López-Pérez et al. 2012) y bahías de Huatulco en Oaxaca (Glynn y Leyte-Morales 1997; López-Pérez y Hernández-Ballesteros 2004), así como una oceánica, el Archipiélago de Revillagigedo (Ketchum y Reyes-Bonilla 1997). De todas ellas, el Golfo de California es la región con la información más completa sobre biología y distribución de corales (Reyes-Bonilla 2003). No obstante, aún existen varias zonas de la costa mexicana donde el conocimiento es incompleto, particularmente la franja costera que abar- ca desde el sur de Jalisco hasta Michoacán, donde sólo existe el reporte de la presencia de especies de corales por Reyes-Bonilla et al. (2005; 2013). Estos autores describen la estructura comunitaria de los corales zooxantelados del arrecife coralino de Carrizales, Colima, reportando 9 la presencia de 13 especies de corales, de las cuales Pocillopora verrucosa (Ellis y Sollander 1786) es la especie más abundante. Métodos de colecta Los registros de las especies de corales de los arrecifes y comunidades coralinas de la costas de Jalisco y Colima se llevaron a cabo en las islas Cocinas (N19°32’48.34”, 105°06’27.14”W), Elefante (N19°32’55.97”, 105°06’54.90”W), Pelícano (N19°33’27.54”, 105°06’28.44”W) y Pa- jarera (N19°32’36.04”, 105°06’47.52”W) en bahía de Chamela; Playa Mora (N19º 16’43’’, 104º 52’16’’W) en Tenacatita; bahía de Coaste- comates y Punta Melaque en Jalisco; bahía Carrizales (N19°05’48.9”, 104°26’15.27” W) en Colima; costa norte de bahía de Santiago (N19°05’55.21”, 104°23’24.47”W) y La Boquita (N19°06’10.22”, 104°23’41.10”W) en bahía de Santiago, y punta norte de bahía Man- zanillo en Colima. La lista de especies de este estudio proviene de datos de campo ob- tenidos mediante buceo autónomo durante los años 2004, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011 y 2012. Se utilizaron tres tipos de métodos de acuerdo a English et al. (1997): 1) trayectos de banda de 20 × 1 m, donde se estimó el porcentaje de fondo cubierto por cada especie dentro de un marco cuadrado de pvc divididos en secciones de 10 × 10 cm; 2) el método de punto intercepto a lo largo de trayectos de línea de 25 m de largo, y 3) búsquedas de especies por medio de buceo errante (fuera de los trayectos), con el fin de completar el listado de corales presentes en los sitios. La identificación de las especies se hizo in situ y en caso de duda o especies no registradas previamente se obtuvieron muestras para identificación en laboratorio, utilizando los trabajos de Cortés y Guz- mán (1998), Veron (2000), Ketchum y Reyes-Bonilla (2001). Lista de especies Una vez que la lista de especies se completó, los nombres científicos se verificaron y validaron de acuerdo con Veron (2000) y Reyes-Bonillaet al. (2005). El arreglo sistemático del listado está ordenado de acuerdo con Wells (1983) y Veron (2000). Claves en el listado (autoridad taxo- nómica): los números encerrados en llaves indican las regiones donde se 10 registraron los corales.
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