DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting ANIMAL RESOURCES IN ANCIENT MAYA ECONOMY AND EXCHANGE: ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ISOTOPIC PERSPECTIVES By ERIN KENNEDY THORNTON A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Erin Kennedy Thornton 2 To Dan and Sam 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Funding for this project was generously provided by the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies (grant # 06027), the National Science Foundation (grant #0622805), and the University of Florida Department of Latin American Studies. I would like to thank Antonia Foias, Matt Moriarty, Arthur Demarest, Tomás Barrientos, Elizabeth Graham, Wendy Teeter, Diane Chase, Arlen Chase, and the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala (IDAEH) for granting permission to analyze the zooarchaeological remains used in this study. I would also like to thank Ann Heatherington, George Kamenov, John Krigbaum and Ben Valentine from the University of Florida for their assistance with the strontium isotope analysis. Appreciation is also extended to the Florida Museum of Natural History (Gainesville, Florida) for providing access to the modern comparative collections used to identify the zooarchaeological assemblages. I am indebted to my superb advisor, Kitty Emery, for her constant patience, support, guidance and friendship throughout my graduate career. Her insights and advice were invaluable. She also generously involved me in her own research projects, which provided not only additional research and museum experience, but also paid employment, which allowed me to continue my graduate studies when other sources of funding were unavailable. I also extend my gratitude to my other committee members Susan deFrance, Susan Milbrath, John Krigbaum and Mel Sunquist for their valuable feedback regarding various aspects of my research. I am especially appreciative of Susan deFrance and John Krigbaum for their assistance with my previous masters research. Without their support, I never would have embarked on the Ph.D. 4 Many other people assisted with the completion of my research. Members of the Motul de San José Archaeological Project including Antonia Foias, Matt Moriarty, Christina Halperin, Elly Spensley, Crorey Lawton, Melanie Kingsley, and Carlos Alonzo provided friendship, as well as the space, materials, and archaeological assistance needed to conduct my study. From the Cancuen Archaeological Project, I thank Brent Woodfill and Mirza Monterroso. Brent toted me around and kept me sane during my stay in Guatemala City, and also provided valuable information about archaeology in the Cancuen region. I also thank Carolyn Freiwald for her willingness to discuss and compare our isotopic datasets. Finally, I would like to extend gratitude to my family. I thank my parents for their encouragement and support to pursue an interest I’ve had since childhood. My husband Dan has been patient and supportive, and he gave me time to finish my dissertation by taking on more work himself. Along with our son, Sam, he also provided much needed perspective throughout the research and writing process. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ 9 LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................ 11 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 17 2 ANIMAL RESOURCES IN PRE-COLUMBIAN MAYA ECONOMIC AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS ...................................................................................... 24 Animals at the Intersection of Subsistence and Prestige Economies ..................... 26 Food, Craft, Ritual and Status: Animal Resource Use among the Ancient Maya.... 28 Faunal Resource Acquisition, Production and Exchange ....................................... 33 Long-Distance Exchange ................................................................................. 34 Local and Regional Exchange.......................................................................... 37 Bone and Shell Craft Production ...................................................................... 40 Economic Complexity and the Exchange of Animal Products................................. 42 Temporal Change in Maya Economy and Exchange ....................................... 43 Mechanisms of Exchange ................................................................................ 44 Trade Centers .................................................................................................. 47 Control and Power............................................................................................ 49 Summary ................................................................................................................ 50 3 METHODS: RECONSTRUCTING ANCIENT MAYA ECONOMY AND EXCHANGE THROUGH ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS ............................. 52 Field Recovery of Zooarchaeological Samples....................................................... 52 Primary Zooarchaeological Analysis Methods ........................................................ 53 Sample Selection ............................................................................................. 54 Identification Methods ...................................................................................... 54 Sample Quantification ...................................................................................... 56 Secondary Zooarchaeological Analysis Methods ................................................... 62 Status and Function Designations.................................................................... 62 Reconstructing Animal Resource Production and Distribution ......................... 65 Reconstructing Animal Resource Acquisition and Exchange ........................... 67 Habitat availability and fidelity analyses..................................................... 68 Strontium isotope analysis ......................................................................... 70 Defining local, regional and long-distance exchange ................................. 71 Zooarchaeological Interpretations of Economy and Exchange ............................... 73 6 4 ANIMAL RESOURCE ECONOMY AND EXCHANGE WITHIN THE MOTUL POLITY: ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL RESULTS FROM TRINIDAD DE NOSOTROS AND MOTUL DE SAN JOSÉ............................................................. 85 Site Descriptions and Environmental Setting .......................................................... 87 Trinidad de Nosotros ........................................................................................ 87 Motul de San José............................................................................................ 90 Local Habitats and Animal Availability.............................................................. 93 Results.................................................................................................................... 96 Sample Descriptions and Comparability........................................................... 96 Taxonomic Composition................................................................................... 97 Inter-site Comparisons: Species and Habitat Use ............................................ 99 Status and the Differential Access to Resources............................................ 101 Bone and Shell Artifacts: Production and Consumption ................................. 104 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 106 Polity-level Economics: Site Status, Trade and Habitat Use .......................... 106 Intra-Community Economics: Status and the Differential Access to Resources................................................................................................... 109 Summary .............................................................................................................. 113 5 ANIMAL RESOURCE ECONOMY AND EXCHANGE IN THE PASIÓN REGION: ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL RESUSLTS FROM CANCUEN AND THE PETEXBATUN...................................................................................................... 131 Site Descriptions and Environmental Setting ........................................................ 132 Cancuen......................................................................................................... 132 Petexbatun Sites ............................................................................................ 135 Local Habitats and Species Availability .......................................................... 138 Results.................................................................................................................. 140 Sample Descriptions and Comparability......................................................... 140 Taxonomic Composition................................................................................. 144 Inter-site Comparisons: Species and Habitat Use .......................................... 148 Status and the Differential Access to Resources...........................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CURRICULUM VITAE Takeshi Inomata Address Positions
    Inomata, Takeshi - page 1 CURRICULUM VITAE Takeshi Inomata Address School of Anthropology, University of Arizona 1009 E. South Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85721-0030 Phone: (520) 621-2961 Fax: (520) 621-2088 E-mail: [email protected] Positions Professor in Anthropology University of Arizona (2009-) Agnese Nelms Haury Chair in Environment and Social Justice University of Arizona (2014-2019) (Selected as one of the four chairs university-wide, that were created with a major donation). Associate Professor in Anthropology University of Arizona (2002-2009) Assistant Professor in Anthropology University of Arizona (2000-2002) Assistant Professor in Anthropology Yale University (1995-2000) Education Ph.D. Anthropology, Vanderbilt University (1995). Dissertation: Archaeological Investigations at the Fortified Center of Aguateca, El Petén, Guatemala: Implications for the Study of the Classic Maya Collapse. M.A. Cultural Anthropology, University of Tokyo (1988). Thesis: Spatial Analysis of Late Classic Maya Society: A Case Study of La Entrada, Honduras. B.A. Archaeology, University of Tokyo (1986). Thesis: Prehispanic Settlement Patterns in the La Entrada region, Departments of Copán and Santa Bárbara, Honduras (in Japanese). Major Fields of Interest Archaeology of Mesoamerica (particularly Maya) Politics and ideology, human-environment interaction, household archaeology, architectural analysis, performance, settlement and landscape, subsistence, warfare, social effects of climate change, LiDAR and remote sensing, ceramic studies, radiocarbon dating, and Bayesian analysis. Inomata, Takeshi - page 2 Extramural Grants - National Science Foundation, research grant, “Preceramic to Preclassic Transition in the Maya Lowlands: 1100 BC Burials from Ceibal, Guatemala,” (Takeshi Inomata, PI; Daniela Triadan, Co-PI, BCS-1950988) $298,098 (2020/6/3-8/31/2024).
    [Show full text]
  • The Marco Gonzalez Maya Site, Ambergris Caye, Belize: Assessing the Impact of Human Activities by Examining Diachronic Processes at the Local Scale
    Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Quaternary International Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number: QUATINT-D-15-00289R1 Title: The Marco Gonzalez Maya Site, Ambergris Caye, Belize: Assessing the impact of human activities by examining diachronic processes at the local scale Article Type: Socio-ecology, small-scale Keywords: Anthrosols; Maya; Belize; Soil micromorphology; Archaeobotany; Plant communities Corresponding Author: Prof. Elizabeth Graham, PhD Corresponding Author's Institution: University College London First Author: Elizabeth Graham, PhD Order of Authors: Elizabeth Graham, PhD; Richard MacPhail, Ph.D.; Simon Turner, Ph.D.; John Crowther, Ph.D.; Julia Stegemann, Ph.D.; Manuel Arroyo-Kalin, Ph.D.; Lindsay Duncan; Richard Whittet; Cristina Rosique; Phillip Austin Manuscript Region of Origin: BELIZE Abstract: Research at the Maya archaeological site of Marco Gonzalez on Ambergris Caye in Belize is socio-ecological because human activities have been a factor in the formation and fluctuation of the local marine and terrestrial environments over time. The site is one of many on Belize's coast and cayes that exhibit anomalous vegetation and dark-coloured soils. These soils, although sought for cultivation, are not typical 'Amazonian Dark Earths' but instead are distinctive to the weathering of carbonate-rich anthropogenic deposits. We tentatively term these location-specific soils as Maya Dark Earths. Our research seeks to quantify the role of human activities in long-term environmental change and to develop strategies, specifically Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), that can be applied to environmental impact modelling today. *Manuscript Click here to view linked References Graham et al., Page 1 The Marco Gonzalez Maya site, Ambergris Caye, Belize: Assessing the impact of human activities by examining diachronic processes at the local scale Elizabeth Grahama, Richard MacPhaila, Simon Turnerb, John Crowtherc, Julia Stegemannd, Manuel Arroyo-Kalina, Lindsay Duncana, Richard Whittete, Cristina Rosiquee, and Phillip Austina.
    [Show full text]
  • Maya Mountains M Ountain Pine Ridge
    89º00'W 88º30'W 0 20 km 0 10 miles Belize City (32mi) River ize La Democracia Bel BELIZE DISTRICT Guanacaste Banana National Bank Lodge CAYO Park Western Hwy Roaring Art Box DISTRICT Creek El Pilar Archaeological The Leslies’ Belmopan Airport aya Spanish El Pilar Reserve for M Private Paradise Flora and Fauna Lookout Mount BELMOPAN River Hope Teakettle Creek Nohoch Che'en e Unitedville Village Yim Hummingbird Caves Branch Ontario Saan Highway Beliz g Archaeological Reserve Bullet Georgeville Village Roarin Ian Anderson's Jaguar Paw Tree Falls Central Farm Caves Branch Esperanza C Jungle Reserve hiqu Jungle Lodge iver Santa Elena Actun Kropf's R San Ignacio ibul Cahal Pech Tunichil Bakery n y Rd Muknal GUATEMALA Cristo Rey Tapir Mountain St Herman's Blue Hole Mopa Chial Rd Nature Reserve estern Hw Barton National Park W Cristo Rey Xunantunich San José Branch Hummin Creek gbird Succotz Rd Sibun Melchor de San Antonio River Benque Viejo Forest Hwy Mencos Nojkaaxmeen Thousand Café Casita del Carmen Reserve River Foot Falls Caves De Amour Eligio Panti Coom Cairn National Park Cree a Poustinia Land on k Rd Art Park Cooma Sibun Privassi Cairn Baldy Beacon 17º00'N (3126ft) (3346ft) Vaca Forest Pools 17º00'N Rí On Reserve o Sittee River Granite Cairn Forest Reserve Douglas D'Silva (2820ft) (Augustine) Sibun Gorge Rio Mac Vaqueros Mollejon Frio Mountain al Creek Pine Ridge r Creek e Forest Reserve River iv Rd R Chiquibul l ountain Pinec aRidge M Ma Sittee River Chiquibul Victoria National Peak Natural Park Monument Caracol Victoria Peak Archaeological CAYO DISTRICT (3675ft) Reserve STANN Chiquibul CREEK Caracol Forest s Reserve in DISTRICT ta n Cockscomb u Basin Vaca Plateau (1650ft) a Mo y Ma Chiquibul National Park Maya Mountain Forest Reserve TOLEDO DISTRICT Red Bank Chiquibul Branch River 16º30'N Bladen y 16º30'N Doyle's Nature Reserve Hw Delight n s a i (3687ft) n t Southern o u M y a Deep River Swasey Bladen a Forest Columbia River M Forest Reserve Forest Reserve Reserve 89º00'W 88º30'W.
    [Show full text]
  • Edwin M. Shook Archival Collection, Guatemala City, Guatemala
    FAMSI © 2004: Barbara Arroyo and Luisa Escobar Edwin M. Shook Archival Collection, Guatemala City, Guatemala Research Year: 2003 Culture: Maya Chronology: Pre-Classic to Post Classic Location: Various archaeological sites in Guatemala and México Site: Tikal, Uaxactún, Copán, Mayapán, Kaminaljuyú, Piedras Negras, Palenque, Ceibal, Chichén Itzá, Dos Pilas Table of Contents Abstract Resumen Background Project Priorities Conservation Issues Guide to the Edwin M. Shook Archive Site Records Field Notes Photographs Correspondence and Documents Illustrations Maps Future Work Acknowledgments List of Figures Sources Cited Abstract The Edwin M. Shook archive is a collection of documents that resulted from Dr. Edwin M. Shook’s archaeological fieldwork in Mesoamerica from 1934-1998. He came to Guatemala as part of the Carnegie Institution and carried out investigations at various sites including Tikal, Uaxactún, Copán, Mayapán, among many others. He further established his residence in Guatemala where he continued an active role in archaeology. The archive donated by Dr. Shook to Universidad del Valle de Guatemala in 1998 contains his field notes, Guatemala archaeological site records, photographs, documents, and illustrations. They were stored at the Department of Archaeology for several years until we obtained FAMSI’s support to start the conservation and protection of the archive. Basic conservation techniques were implemented to protect the archive from further damage. This report lists several sets of materials prepared by Dr. Shook throughout his fieldwork experience. Through these data sets, people interested in Shook’s work can know what materials are available for study at the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Resumen El archivo Edwin M. Shook consiste en una colección de documentos que resultaron de las investigaciones arqueológicas en Mesoamérica realizadas por el Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Auckland Shell Club Auction Lot List - 22 October 2016 Albany Hall
    Auckland Shell Club Auction Lot List - 22 October 2016 Albany Hall. Setup from 9am. Viewing from 10am. Auction starts at 12am Lot Type Reserve 1 WW Helmet medium size ex Philippines (John Hood Alexander) 2 WW Helmet medium size ex Philippines (John Hood Alexander) 3 WW Helmet really large ex Philippines, JHA 4 WW Tridacna (small) embedded in coral ex Tonga 1963 5 WW Lambis truncata sebae ex Tonga 1979 6 WW Charonia tritonis - whopper 45cm. No operc. Tongatapu 1979 7 WW Cowries - tray of 70 lots 8 WW All sorts but lots of Solemyidae 9 WW Bivalves 25 priced lots 10 WW Mixed - 50 lots 11 WW Cowries tray of 119 lots - some duplication but includes some scarcer inc. draconis from the Galapagos, scurra from Somalia, chinensis from the Solomons 12 WW Univalves tray of 50 13 WW Univalves tray of 57 with nice Fasciolaridae 14 WW Murex - (8) Chicoreus palmarosae, Pternotus bednallii, P. Acanthopterus, Ceratostoma falliarum, Siratus superbus, Naquetia annandalei, Murex nutalli and Hamalocantha zamboi 15 WW Bivalves - tray of 50 16 WW Bivalves - tray of 50 17 Book The New Zealand Sea Shore by Morton and Miller - fair condition 18 Book Australian Shells by Wilson and Gillett excellent condition apart from some fading on slipcase 19 Book Shells of the Western Pacific in Colour by Kira (Vol.1) and Habe (Vol 2) - good condition 20 Book 3 on Pectens, Spondylus and Bivalves - 2 ex Conchology Section 21 WW Haliotis vafescous - California 22 WW Haliotis cracherodi & laevigata - California & Aus 23 WW Amustum bellotia & pleuronecles - Queensland 24 WW Haliotis
    [Show full text]
  • What Maya Collapse? Terminal Classic Variation in the Maya Lowlands
    J Archaeol Res (2007) 15:329–377 DOI 10.1007/s10814-007-9015-x ORIGINAL PAPER What Maya Collapse? Terminal Classic Variation in the Maya Lowlands James J. Aimers Published online: 17 August 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007 Abstract Interest in the lowland Maya collapse is stronger than ever, and there are now hundreds of studies that focus on the era from approximately A.D. 750 to A.D. 1050. In the past, scholars have tended to generalize explanations of the collapse from individual sites and regions to the lowlands as a whole. More recent approaches stress the great diversity of changes that occurred across the lowlands during the Terminal Classic and Early Postclassic periods. Thus, there is now a consensus that Maya civilization as a whole did not collapse, although many zones did experience profound change. Keywords Maya Á Collapse Á Terminal Classic–Early Postclassic Introduction ‘‘Much has been published in recent years about the collapse of Maya civilization and its causes. It might be wise to preface this chapter with a simple statement that in my belief no such thing happened’’ (Andrews IV 1973, p. 243). More than three decades after Andrews made this statement, interest in the lowland Maya collapse is more intense than ever. Of the more than 400 books, chapters, or articles of which I am aware, over half were published in the last ten years. As always, speculation about the collapse follows contemporary trends (Wilk 1985), and widespread concern over war and the physical environment have made the lowland Maya into a cautionary tale for many (Diamond 2005; Gibson 2006; J.
    [Show full text]
  • Polities and Places: Tracing the Toponyms of the Snake Dynasty
    Polities and Places: Tracingthe Toponymsof the Snake Dynasty SIMON MARTIN University of Pennsylvania Museum ERIK VELÁSQUEZ GARCÍA Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México One of the more intriguing and important topics to thonous ones that had at some point transferred their emerge in Maya studies of recent years has been the his- capitals or splintered, each faction laying claim to the tory of the “Snake” dynasty. Research over the past two same title. The landscape of the Classic Maya proves decades has identified mentions of its kings across the to have been a volatile one, not simply in the dynamic length and breadth of the lowlands and produced evi- interactions and imbalances of power between polities, dence that they were potent political players for almost but in the way the polities themselves were shaped by two centuries, spanning the Early Classic to Late Classic historical forces through time. periods.1 Yet this data has implications that go beyond a single case study and can be used to address issues of general relevance to Classic Maya politics. In this brief Placing Calakmul paper we use them to further explore the meaning of The distinctive Snake emblem glyphs and their connection to polities and emblem glyph is ex- places. pressed in full as K’UH- The significance of emblem glyphs—whether they ka-KAAN-la-AJAW or are indicative of cities, deities, domains, polities, or k’uhul kaanul ajaw (Fig- dynasties—has been debated since their discovery ure 1).3 It first came to (Berlin 1958). The recognition of their role as the scholarly notice as one personal epithets of kings based on the title ajaw “lord, of the “four capitals” ruler” (Lounsbury 1973) was the essential first step to listed on Copan Stela A, comprehension (Mathews and Justeson 1984; Mathews a set of cardinally affili- Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Eight: the Bladen Management Consortium
    Chapter Eight: The Bladen Management Consortium Introduction The Bladen Nature Reserve inspires passion among its many advocates and frustration among residents of the communities that it borders. Called “the jewel in the crown of Belize’s protected area system,” for its exceptional biodiversity, dramatic topography, and archeological treasures, the 97,000-acre reserve is afforded Belize’s highest level of protection (Pinelo 2002). Only education and research are allowed in Bladen: hunting, fishing, logging, harvesting of plant materials for food, fiber, or medicine, removal of artifacts, tourism, and trespass of any sort without a permit are all prohibited. While these restrictions exist “on the books,” until recently the under-resourced Government agencies and thinly stretched non-governmental organizations tasked with enforcing them have implemented little real on the ground management in the reserve. With growing population and mounting development pressure, illegal activities in the reserve have continued to increase in the last several years, threatening both the natural and archeological resources that have made the Bladen Nature Reserve famous. The Bladen Management Consortium was born out of its founders’ conviction that the Bladen Nature Reserve was a unique resource in dire need of management and their recognition that the management challenges were beyond the capacity of any one organization. As a case study in collaboration, it highlights the many difficulties associated with initiating and sustaining an multi-stakeholder management body, particularly with regard to funding, staffing, representation, and legitimacy. It also illustrates how a few committed individuals can drive a collaborative process forward despite such challenges. Significantly, several of the key individuals and organizations involved in the Bladen Management Consortium also interact in the broader landscape of the Toledo District.
    [Show full text]
  • CATALOG Mayan Stelaes
    CATALOG Mayan Stelaes Palos Mayan Collection 1 Table of Contents Aguateca 4 Ceibal 13 Dos Pilas 20 El Baúl 23 Itsimite 27 Ixlu 29 Ixtutz 31 Jimbal 33 Kaminaljuyu 35 La Amelia 37 Piedras Negras 39 Polol 41 Quirigia 43 Tikal 45 Yaxha 56 Mayan Fragments 58 Rubbings 62 Small Sculptures 65 2 About Palos Mayan Collection The Palos Mayan Collection includes 90 reproductions of pre-Columbian stone carvings originally created by the Mayan and Pipil people traced back to 879 A.D. The Palos Mayan Collection sculptures are created by master sculptor Manuel Palos from scholar Joan W. Patten’s casts and rubbings of the original artifacts in Guatemala. Patten received official permission from the Guatemalan government to create casts and rubbings of original Mayan carvings and bequeathed her replicas to collaborator Manuel Palos. Some of the originals stelae were later stolen or destroyed, leaving Patten’s castings and rubbings as their only remaining record. These fine art-quality Maya Stelae reproductions are available for purchase by museums, universities, and private collectors through Palos Studio. You are invited to book a virtual tour or an in- person tour through [email protected] 3 Aguateca Aguateca is in the southwestern part of the Department of the Peten, Guatemala, about 15 kilometers south of the village of Sayaxche, on a ridge on the western side of Late Petexbatun. AGUATECA STELA 1 (50”x85”) A.D. 741 - Late Classic Presumed to be a ruler of Aguatecas, his head is turned in an expression of innate authority, personifying the rank implied by the symbols adorning his costume.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Ethnographic and Historically Recorded Dentaliurn Source Locations
    FISHINGFOR IVORYWORMS: A REVIEWOF ETHNOGRAPHICAND HISTORICALLY RECORDEDDENTALIUM SOURCE LOCATIONS Andrew John Barton B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1979 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY Q Andrew John Barton 1994 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Burnaby October, 1994 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means without permission of the author. Name: Andrew John Barton Degree: Master of Arts (Archaeology) Title of Thesis: Fishing for Ivory Worms: A Review of Ethnographic and Historically Recorded Dentaliurn Source Locations Examining Committee: Chairperson: Jack D. Nance - -, David V. Burley Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Richard Inglis External Examiner Department of Aboriginal Affairs Government of British Columbia PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis or dissertation (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of ThesisIDissertation: Fishing for Ivory Worms: A Review of Ethnographic and Historically Recorded Dentalium Source Locations Author: Andrew John Barton Name October 14, 1994 Date This study reviews and examines historic and ethnographic written documents that identify locations where Dentaliurn shells were procured by west coast Native North Americans.
    [Show full text]
  • Installments 1-10
    ThePARIJournal A quarterly publication of the Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute Volume XIII, No. IV, Summer 2013 The Further Adventures of Merle1 MERLE GREENE ROBERTSON In This Issue: The Further Adventures of Merle by Merle Greene Robertson PAGES 1-7 • A Late Preclassic Distance Number by Mario Giron-Ábrego PAGES 8-12 Joel Skidmore Editor [email protected] Marc Zender Associate Editor [email protected] Figure 1. On the Usumacinta River on the way to Yaxchilan, 1965. The PARI Journal 202 Edgewood Avenue “No! You can’t go into the unknown wilds birds, all letting each other know where San Francisco, CA 94117 of Alaska!” That statement from my moth- they are. Evening comes early—dark by 415-664-8889 [email protected] er nearly 70 years ago is what changed my four o’clock. Colors are lost in pools of life forever. I went to Mexico instead, at darkness. Now the owls are out lording it Electronic version that time almost as unknown to us in the over the night, lucky when you see one. available at: U.S. as Alaska. And then later came the But we didn’t wait for nightfall to www.mesoweb.com/ pari/journal/1304 jungle, the jungle of the unknown that I pitch our camp. Champas made for our loved, no trails, just follow the gorgeous cooking, champas for my helpers, and a guacamayos in their brilliant red, yellow, ISSN 1531-5398 and blue plumage, who let you know where they are before you see them, by 1 Editor’s note: This memoir—left untitled by their constant mocking “clop, clop, clop.” the author—was completed in 2010, in Merle’s 97th Mahogany trees so tall you wonder if, year.
    [Show full text]
  • Site Q: the Case for a Classic Maya Super-Polity
    Site Q: The Case for a Classic Maya Super-Polity Simon Martin 1993 As the historical record left to us by the Classic Maya is slowly pieced together from various epigraphic clues, a single political entity, the state Peter Mathews has dubbed "Site Q", shows an ever greater presence. Over the last few years, and certainly since Mathews' original manuscript discussing Site Q (1979), a great deal of new data has emerged. These come not only from new finds provided by archaeological investigations, but more general advances in epigraphic research that have allowed us to reassess well-known texts, giving a fuller picture of Site Q's place in the political geography of the Classic Period. The original Mayan name of the Site Q polity, expressed in its Emblem Glyph, was Kan "snake". Glyphically, it is usually preceded by the phonetic complement ka and often followed by the nominal ending -al to give K'ul Kanal Ahaw as a full reading for the compound (the suffix is not apparent in all examples and it is not clear whether this is an optional feature or was always read by context). In this, it joins Piedras Negras (Yokib), Yaxha (Yaxha), Palenque (Bak), Caracol (K'an-tu-mak), Pomona (Pakab) and Ucanal (K'an Witz­ Nal) in having a readable ancient name. It is tempting to use Kan or Kanal instead of 'Site Q', since it avoids the difficulty of assigning this Emblem to any single site and will be equally relevant when Site Q is identified and the term becomes redundant, but for this present study I will stick with the Mathews moniker.
    [Show full text]