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COMENIUS UNIVERSITY Study of the Electrospraying Effect of Water in Combination with Atmospheric Pressure Corona Discharge

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COMENIUS UNIVERSITY Study of the Electrospraying Effect of Water in Combination with Atmospheric Pressure Corona Discharge COMENIUS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND INFORMATICS Study of the Electrospraying Effect of Water in Combination with Atmospheric Pressure Corona Discharge DOCTORAL THESIS 2014 Mgr. Branislav Pongrác COMENIUS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND INFORMATICS Study of the Electrospraying Effect of Water in Combination with Atmospheric Pressure Corona Discharge DOCTORAL THESIS Study programme: 4.1.6. Plasma Physics Department: Department of Astronomy, Physics of the Earth and Meteorology Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Zdenko Machala, PhD. Bratislava 2014 Mgr. Branislav Pongrác 87663692 Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics THESIS ASSIGNMENT Name and Surname: Mgr. Branislav Pongrác Study programme: Plasma Physics (Single degree study, Ph.D. III. deg., full time form) Field of Study: 4.1.6. Plasma Physics Type of Thesis: Dissertation thesis Language of Thesis: English Secondary language: Slovak Title: Study of the Electrospraying of Water in Combination with Atmospheric Pressure Corona Discharge Literature: 1. A. G. Bailey, Electrostatic Spraying of Liquids (Research Studies Press John Wiley & Sons, Taunton, Somerset, England New York, 1988). 2. T. N. Giao and J. B. Jordan, IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst. PAS-87, 1207 (1968). 3. L. B. Loeb, Electrical Coronas, Their Basic Physical Mechanisms (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1965). 4. G. Taylor, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. Math. Phys. Sci. 280, 383 (1964). 5. M. Cloupeau and B. Prunet-Foch, J. Aerosol Sci. 25, 1021 (1994). 6. A. Jaworek and A. Krupa, J. Aerosol Sci. 30, 873 (1999). Aim: 1. To study and identify the electrospraying modes of water 2. To study the influence of water flow rate on the electrospray with corona discharge 3. To study the influence of water conductivity on the electrospray with corona discharge 4. To study the influence of discharge on the electrospray and vice versa Annotation: The electrospraying effect of liquids has been a subject of research since the beginning of the last century. Since then, the electrospray became the subject of extensive studies by many researchers. It found importance in such diverse fields as thin film deposition, drug inhalation, spray painting and surface coating, ink-jet printers or as a source of ions of macromolecules for mass spectrometry among many others. One of the recently introduced potential applications of water electrospray is decontamination of water polluted with organic and microbial pollutants. It is interesting to use the effect of water electrospraying in combination with the discharge (e.g. streamer corona). In such case, the water flows directly through the high-voltage needle electrode into the active discharge region, where it is sprayed into small droplets. The presence of the electrical discharge generating non-thermal plasma in the spraying area allows for very efficient mass transfer of plasma-generated species into water. In this regard, it is necessary to better investigate the effect of electrospraying in combination with the discharge under various conditions. The present work aims to investigate the effect of electrospraying of water in combination with positive DC (direct current) corona discharge generated in air. We employed methods of the high-speed camera visualizations, oscilloscopic 87663692 Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics discharge current measurements and total current measurements, and iCCD camera measurements for fast time-resolved imaging. Keywords: Electrospray, DC corona discharge, high-speed camera, iCCD imaging Tutor: doc. RNDr. Zdenko Machala, PhD. Department: FMFI.KAFZM - Department of Astronomy, Physics of the Earth and Meteorology Head of prof. RNDr. Peter Moczo, DrSc. department: Assigned: 25.10.2010 Approved: 25.10.2010 prof. Dr. Štefan Matejčík, DrSc. Guarantor of Study Programme Student Tutor 87663692 Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave Fakulta matematiky, fyziky a informatiky ZADANIE ZÁVEREČNEJ PRÁCE Meno a priezvisko študenta: Mgr. Branislav Pongrác Študijný program: fyzika plazmy (Jednoodborové štúdium, doktorandské III. st., denná forma) Študijný odbor: 4.1.6. fyzika plazmy Typ záverečnej práce: dizertačná Jazyk záverečnej práce: anglický Sekundárny jazyk: slovenský Názov: Study of the Electrospraying of Water in Combination with Atmospheric Pressure Corona Discharge Literatúra: 1. A. G. Bailey, Electrostatic Spraying of Liquids (Research Studies Press; John Wiley & Sons, Taunton, Somerset, England; New York, 1988). 2. T. N. Giao and J. B. Jordan, IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst. PAS-87, 1207 (1968). 3. L. B. Loeb, Electrical Coronas, Their Basic Physical Mechanisms (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1965). 4. G. Taylor, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. Math. Phys. Sci. 280, 383 (1964). 5. M. Cloupeau and B. Prunet-Foch, J. Aerosol Sci. 25, 1021 (1994). 6. A. Jaworek and A. Krupa, J. Aerosol Sci. 30, 873 (1999). Cieľ: 1. Štúdium a identifikácia módov elektrostatického rozprašovania vody 2. Štúdium vplyvu prietoku vody na elektrostatické rozprašovanie s korónovým výbojom 3. Štúdium vplyvu vodivosti vody na elektrostatické rozprašovanie s korónovým výbojom 4. Štúdium vplyvu výboja na elektrostatické rozprašovanie a naopak Anotácia: Elektrostatické rozprašovanie kvapalín je predmetom výskumu už od počiatku minulého storočia. Počas tejto doby sa elektrostatické rozprašovanie stalo predmetom výskumu pre mnohých vedcov. Našlo uplatnenie okrem iného aj v takých odlišných oblastiach ako je nanášanie tenkých filmov, inhalácia liečiv, nanášanie farbív, povlakovanie povrchov, atramentová tlač, alebo ako zdroj iónov makromolekúl pre hmotnostnú spektrometriu. V súčasnosti sa uvažuje o využití elektrostatického rozprašovania vody ako vhodnej metódy pri dekontaminácii vody znečistenej rôznymi organickými a mikrobiálnymi polutantami. Javí sa ako zaujímavé využiť efekt rozprašovania v kombinácii s výbojom (napr. streamerová koróna). V takomto prípade voda môže pretekať priamo cez vysokonapäťovú elektródu v tvare dutej ihly do aktívnej oblasti výboja, kde je rozprašovaná na malé kvapôčky. Prítomnosť elektrického výboja generujúceho nízkoteplotnú plazmu v rozprašovanej oblasti umožňuje veľmi efektívny prenos častíc generovaných plazmou do vody. Za týmto účelom je potrebné lepšie preskúmať efekt elektrostatického rozprašovania vody v kombinácii s výbojom za rôznych podmienok. Cieľom tejto práce je štúdium efektu elektrostatického rozprašovania vody v kombinácii s kladným DC (jednosmerným) korónovým výbojom vo vzduchu. Použili sme metódy ako vizualizácia pomocou vysokorýchlostnej kamery, osciloskopické merania 87663692 Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave Fakulta matematiky, fyziky a informatiky prúdových pulzov a merania celkového prúdu, a vysoko časovo rozlíšené zobrazovanie pomocou iCCD kamery. Kľúčové Elektrostatické rozprašovanie, DC korónový výboj, vysokorýchlostná kamera, slová: iCCD zobrazovanie Školiteľ: doc. RNDr. Zdenko Machala, PhD. Katedra: FMFI.KAFZM - Katedra astronómie, fyziky Zeme a meteorológie Vedúci katedry: prof. RNDr. Peter Moczo, DrSc. Spôsob sprístupnenia elektronickej verzie práce: bez obmedzenia Dátum zadania: 25.10.2010 Dátum schválenia: 25.10.2010 prof. Dr. Štefan Matejčík, DrSc. garant študijného programu študent školiteľ Acknowledgements Hereby, I would like to thank everyone who helped me by any means during my effort and scientific work resulting in this thesis. First of all, my sincere gratitude belongs to my supervisor and tutor Assoc. Prof. Zdenko Machala from Comenius University in Slovakia. He was my supervisor also during my master degree and I am grateful for an opportunity to continue under his supervision during my doctoral degree as well. Among other things I realized that the success will not come without serious effort. My thanks go also to other members of environmental division of Comenius University in Slovakia, especially to Prof. Viktor Martišovitš for his interest and willingness to help me with the theory and experimental investigation of electrospraying in combination with discharge. I really admire his scientific qualities and his passion for science. I acknowledge the support of Assoc. Prof. Mário Janda for his help during the experimental work and as a co-author of our scientific papers, and my thanks go also to Assoc. Prof. Karol Hensel. I gratefully acknowledge the help of Dr. Hyun-Ha Kim from the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan for the opportunity to study the electrospraying effect in his laboratory. I also really appreciate his help during my stay in Japan. In this context I would like to thank the Slovak Academic Information Agency (SAIA) and the National Scholarship Programme of the Slovak Republic (NŠP) for funding my research stay in Japan. My sincere thanks belong also to my close family and friends who supported me and believed in my success. I do not want to specify who exactly, they definitely know. Again, thank you all! vi Abstrakt Táto práca sa venuje štúdiu elektrostatického rozprašovania vody v kombinácii s atmosférickým kladným korónovým výbojom vo vzduchu. Elektrostatické rozprašovanie kvapalín je predmetom výskumu už od počiatku minulého storočia a našlo uplatnenie v rôznych oblastiach. V poslednej dobe sa uvažuje o využití elektrostatického rozprašovania vody najmä pri vyšších prietokoch ako vhodnej metódy pri dekontaminácii vody znečistenej rôznymi organickými a mikrobiálnymi polutantami. Prítomnosť elektrického výboja generujúceho nízkoteplotnú plazmu
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