Plasma Physics 1 APPH E6101x Columbia University Fall, 2015
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Lecture22: Atmospheric Plasma Plasma Physics 1 APPH E6101x Columbia University Fall, 2015 1 http://www.plasmatreat.com/company/about-us.html 2 http://www.tantec.com 3 http://www.tantec.com/atmospheric-plasma-improved-features.html 4 5 6 PHYSICS OF PLASMAS 22, 121901 (2015) Preface to Special Topic: Plasmas for Medical Applications Michael Keidar1,a) and Eric Robert2 1Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Neurological Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA 2GREMI, CNRS/Universite d’Orleans, 45067 Orleans Cedex 2, France (Received 30 June 2015; accepted 2 July 2015; published online 28 October 2015) Intense research effort over last few decades in low-temperature (or cold) atmospheric plasma application in bioengineering led to the foundation of a new scientific field, plasma medicine. Cold atmospheric plasmas (CAP) produce various chemically reactive species including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). It has been found that these reactive species play an important role in the interaction of CAP with prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells triggering various signaling pathways in cells. VC 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4933406] There is convincing evidence that cold atmospheric topic section, there are several papers dedicated to plasma plasmas (CAP) interaction with tissue allows targeted cell re- diagnostics. moval without necrosis, i.e., cell disruption. In fact, it was Shashurin and Keidar presented a mini review of diag- determined that CAP affects cells via a programmable pro- nostic approaches for the low-frequency atmospheric plasma cess called apoptosis.1–3 Apoptosis is a multi-step process jets. Robert et al. described analysis of atmospheric pressure leading to cell death, and this process is the one inherit to plasma propagation inside the long dielectric tubes through cells in the human body. non-intrusive and non-perturbative time resolving bi- Although CAP has been shown to be lethal to bacteria, directional electric field (EF) measurements. In particular, it appears to cause little to no damage to mammalian cells. their study reveals that plasma propagation occurs in a region Having different structure and morphology than that of pro- where longitudinal EF exists ahead of the ionization front. karyotes, mammalian cells exhibit different responses to EF components have a few kV/cm in amplitude in the case physical and chemical stresses induced by CAP. The ability of helium or neon plasmas and almost constant along a few of CAP to kill bacteria and to accelerate the proliferation of7 tens of cm long capillary. These measurements are in excel- specific tissue cells opened up the possibility to use plasma lent agreement with the previous calculations. in various medical applications. CAP is already proven to be Evaluation of efficacy of the plasma-activated media on effective in wound healing, skin diseases, hospital hygiene, cancer cells was described by Mohades et al. It was observed sterilization, antifungal treatments, dental care, and cosmet- that the chemistry induced by plasma in the aqueous state ics targeted cell/tissue removal.4–6 More recently, potential becomes crucial and usually determines the biological of CAP application in cancer therapy has been explored.7–10 response. They report on the measurements of concentrations It was demonstrated that CAP treatment leads to selective of the hydrogen peroxide, a species known to have strong bi- eradication of cancer cells in vitro and reduction of tumor ological effects. Yang et al. presented a study of atmospheric size in vivo. Recently, few successful clinical trials have pressure cold plasma effect on chemotherapeutic drugs- been performed. resistant cells. Incubation with plasma-treated medium for Further progress in this highly interdisciplinary field can 20 s induced more than 85% death rate in Bel7402 cells, be expected as a result of strong collaborative research while the same death ratio was achieved when Bel7402/5FU between plasma physicists, chemists, microbiologists, and cells were treated for as long as 300 s. They established that medical doctors. the hydrogen peroxide in the medium played a leading role It is due to such increased interest in plasma medicine to in the cytotoxicity effects. Miller et al. addressed an impor- the plasma physics community that Physics of Plasmas dedi- tant problem of atmospheric plasma effect on angiogenesis, cates this Special Topic Section on Plasma Medicine. The which is the process of formation of new blood vessels from proposed Special Topic Section will address the following pre-existing vessels. Stimulation of angiogenesis is a promis- aspects of plasma medicine: ing and an important step in treatment of peripheral artery disease. They demonstrated that atmospheric plasma treat- • plasma devices and plasma diagnostics for medical ment stimulates the production of VEGF, MMP-9, and applications CXCL 1 that, in turn, induces angiogenesis in mouse aortic • biological aspects of plasma interaction with cells and rela- rings. Ishaq et al. described biological mechanisms that tionship between plasma parameters and cell responses underpin plasma-induced death in cancer cells. In particular, Recently, various unique plasma diagnostic tools were they focused on effect of the plasma treatment dose on the developed to probe low-temperature plasmas. In this special expression of tumour suppressor protein TP73. They found that the plasma treatment induces dose-dependent up-regula- a)[email protected] tion of TP73 gene expression, resulting in significantly 1070-664X/2015/22(12)/121901/2/$30.00 22, 121901-1 VC 2015 AIP Publishing LLC This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to IP: 128.59.222.12 On: Wed, 09 Dec 2015 02:37:14 From: Physics of Plasmas [email protected] Subject: Now Online: Special Topic – Plasmas for Medical Applications Date: November 12, 2015 at 9:01 AM To: [email protected] The #1 Journal in Google Scholar Metrics for the Plasma and Fusion Category View Online Or Forward to a friend. PHYSICS OF PLASMAS 22, 121901 (2015) Preface to Special Topic: Plasmas for Medical Applications 1,a) 2 Now Online: Special Topic – Upcoming Events Michael Keidar and Eric Robert DPP 57th Annual Meeting 1 Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Neurological Surgery, The George Washington Plasmas for Medical November 16-18, 2015 University, Washington, DC 20052, USA Savannah, GA 2GREMI, CNRS/Universite d’Orleans, 45067 Orleans Cedex 2, France Applications These articles have been made free to download for a limited (Received 30 June 2015; accepted 2 July 2015; published online 28 October 2015) time. Intense research effort over last few decades in low-temperature (or cold) atmospheric plasma application in bioengineering led to the foundation of a new scientific field, plasma medicine. Cold Preface to Special Topic: Plasmas for Medical Applications atmospheric plasmas (CAP) produce various chemically reactive species including reactive oxygen Michael Keidar, Eric Robert species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). It has been found that these reactive species Phys. Plasmas 22, 121901 (2015) play an important role in the interaction of CAP with prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells triggering Evaluation of the effects of a plasma activated medium on various signaling pathways in cells. VC 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. cancer cells [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4933406] S. Mohades, M. Laroussi, J. Sears, N. Barekzi, H. Razavi Phys. Plasmas 22, 122001 (2015) There is convincing evidence that cold atmospheric topic section, there are several papers dedicatedExperimental to plasma approaches for studying non-equilibrium plasmas (CAP) interaction with tissue allows targeted cell re- diagnostics. atmospheric plasma jets A. Shashurin, M. Keidar moval without necrosis, i.e., cell disruption. In fact, it was Shashurin and Keidar presented a mini reviewPhys. ofPlasmas diag- 22, 122002 (2015) determined that CAP affects cells via a programmable pro- nostic approaches for the low-frequency atmospheric plasma cess called apoptosis.1–3 Apoptosis is a multi-step process jets. Robert et al. described analysis of atmosphericIntracellular pressure effects of atmospheric-pressure plasmas on plasma propagation inside the long dielectric tubesmelanoma through cancer cells leading to cell death, and this process is the one inherit to M. Ishaq, K. Bazaka, K. Ostrikov cells in the human body. non-intrusive and non-perturbative time resolvingPhys. Plasmas bi- 22, 122003 (2015) Although CAP has been shown to be lethal to bacteria, directional electric field (EF) measurements. In particular, it appears to cause little to no damage to mammalian cells. their study reveals that plasma propagation occursCancer in a region therapy using non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma with ultra-high electron density Having different structure and morphology than that of pro- where longitudinal EF exists ahead of the ionizationHiromasa front. Tanaka, Masaaki Mizuno, Shinya Toyokuni, Shoichi karyotes, mammalian cells exhibit different responses to EF components have a few kV/cm in amplitudeMaruyama, in the case Yasuhiro Kodera, Hiroko Terasaki, Tetsuo Adachi, physical and chemical stresses induced by CAP. The ability of helium or neon plasmas and almost constant alongMasashi aKato, few Fumitaka Kikkawa, Masaru Hori of CAP to kill bacteria and to accelerate