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Balancing the Load' Asia, 24–25June 1999 1 Proceedings of the Asia and Africa Regional Seminars on Gender and Rural Transport IFRTDIFRTD International Forum for Rural Transport and Development June and July 1999. Publication sponsored by ILO ASIST Cover photographs Nitya Rao Gina Porter Pascal Kaumbotho Contents Acknowledgments ii Background,Aims and Methodology iii Overview and Summary vi Chapter One: 'Balancing the Load' Asia, 24–25June 1999 1 Chapter Two: 'Balancing the Load' Africa 15–16 July 1999 7 Chapter Three:Toolkit for Effective Advocacy 18 Participants in Asia Seminar 20 Participants in Africa Seminar 23 List of Researchers, Facilitators and IFRTD Staff 26 Appendices 29 Asia Case Study Summaries 30 Issues from Asian Case Studies 40 Africa Case Study Summaries 43 Issues from African Case Studies 64 Acknowledgments his publication of the proceedings of the Balancing the Load Seminars in Asia and Africa is testimony to the fact that there has been a significant number of people from a wide range of organisations in several countries around Tthe world who have discussed and debated about how gender can be integrated into rural transport interventions. Our thanks to them for contributing their ideas and experiences. The case studies that provided the background to the discussions at the seminars were written by Amadou Ouedraogo, Honorine Damiba and Aminata Ouedraogo from Burkina Faso; Mahjabeen Chowdhury and Neela Matin from Bangladesh; Nitya Rao, Mihir Bhatt, Rheema Nanavaty, Mahua Mukherjee, Shakula Alaknanda and Rekha Barve from India, Pascal Kaumbotho, Justina Nthenge and Cecilia Kinuthia Njenga from Kenya, Alexandrina Sabela from Mozambique, Ganesh Ghimire and Ava Shrestha from Nepal, E M Shaibu Imodagbe, Nurudeen Abubakar and Mohammed Bello Yunusa from Nigeria, Anne Marie Dizon and Maureen Pagaduan from the Philippines, Dharshini Samarajeewa, Kusum Kuruppu, Kusala Wettasinghe and Upali Pannilage from Sri Lanka, Suad Mustafa Elhaj Musa from Sudan, Josephine Mwankusye from Tanzania, Harriet Iga, Kwamusi Paul and Charles Kaira from Uganda, Dorris Chingozho from Zimbabwe, David Seddon, Jeff Turner and Gina Porter from the UK. Most of the case studies were based on the researchers’ own experience of working with women in disadvantaged rural or urban communities in developing countries.They have made an enormous contribution to the existing knowledge on gender and rural transport.We are grateful for all the work that went into the studies and for the support and encouragement of the researchers during periods of funding difficulties and other delays. We also acknowledge with gratitude the work of Ros Patching in summarising the case studies. The programme has had the benefit of some excellent facilitators. Special thanks to Megan Lloyd Laney, who took the responsibility for designing the Asia and Africa seminars and facilitated both of them and the workshops that immediately preceded them. She is also responsible for the compilation of these proceedings.We really appreciated Megan’s unflagging enthusiasm and energy, and her ability to draw out even the most reluctant participant. The initial research workshops in Asia and Africa were facilitated by Helen Appleton and Dr Emma Crewe respectively. We thank them for sharing their considerable knowledge on gender analysis and research and stimulating the researchers to develop strong research plans.Thanks are also due to Kusala Wettasinghe, Nelun Fernando and Farai Samunghu who helped Megan with the facilitation of the seminars. The workshops and seminars were held in the regions and hosted by the IFRTD members and national networks.We are grateful to the Centre for Built Environment, Calcutta and the Uganda National Forum Group for hosting the researchers’ workshops in Calcutta and Kampala respectively.The Lanka Forum for Rural Transport and Development and the South Africa National Forum Group hosted the regional seminars. A special thank you to Kalaivanee Surendranath and Mac Mashiri for all their efforts behind the scenes. Raising funds for the programme was not easy and we are grateful to the donors who have been supportive of the initiative from the beginning.The programme’s main sponsor was the Infrastructure and Urban Development Division of British Department for International Development (DFID) who sponsored the research work, provided core funds for the two regional seminars and through regional offices in South Africa, Uganda and Ethiopia sent participants to the Africa regional seminar. However, the IFRTD Secretariat’s input to initiating and managing the programme would not have been possible without the support given to the Secretariat from the Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation. Other sources of support, primarily through sponsorship of participants to the regional seminars, were the Commonwealth Foundation, the Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation, Nepal, the Asian Development Bank, the United Nations Environment Programme, Copenhagen, the World Bank Gender and Thematic Group, the World Bank Rural Travel and Transport Programme, ILO Cambodia, ILO ASIST Harare and the governments of Sri Lanka and South Africa.We also acknowledge ILO ASIST’s contribution towards the publication and distribution of these proceedings. Finally our thanks to all those women (and men) who have been the subject of the case studies and who have shared with us their problems and their aspirations.They have set us a challenge. It is up to us to meet it. IFRTD Secretariat London November 1999 ii Background,Aims and Methodology Background,Aims and Methodology alancing The Load is a research programme of the transport practitioners (defined as ‘Professionals and International Forum for Rural Transport and practitioners designing and implementing transport B Development (IFRTD).The aim of the interventions’) and policymakers (defined as programme is to investigate how gender and gender ‘Government and donor institutions with responsibility relations affect men and women’s access in general, and for developing policies and strategies which affect transport provision in particular, in the two continents of transport systems and the people that use them’).The Asia and Africa. participants were divided into three groups to hear the The programme set out to achieve this aim by issues, and something of the case study context from commissioning research in 15 countries.Workshops were which they had been identified at community, practitioner held in 1998 in Calcutta and Kampala for the researchers and policy levels. In Sri Lanka, all of the nine case studies and organisers to agree common aims and Terms of were presented but in South Africa – where a total of 16 Reference. A period of one year was then allowed for case studies had been researched – only the seven case the research to take place. During June and July 1999, studies which had looked at specific transport two further workshops were held in Colombo, Sri Lanka interventions were presented. Issues unique to the other and Pretoria, South Africa, to discuss and analyse the case studies were fed in as resource material during the findings of the case studies, and to prepare the issues for course of the Africa seminar. more public debate during two-day seminars which were On the first day of each seminar, the three groups held immediately after each workshop.This report heard the issues and were asked to add their own presents the findings of the two experiences which were seminars. relevant for their target The organisers of Balancing audience.They were asked to the Load wanted to achieve A Forum for participants and prioritise the five most something more than a important issues and try to straightforward sharing of the researchers to identify specific ‘craft’ them as guidelines or results of the 25 case studies interventions which would bring instructions which would, if during the seminars.They about greater integration of gender taken up by the target wanted to find out from the policymakers, practitioners and 150 policymakers, transport into transport initiatives. those working at a community practitioners and professionals level, lead to more practical working at a community level development interventions. who were to be gathered together for the seminars, They were told that the guidelines should be clear, what were their experiences of gender and transport practical and realistic. provision.They wanted to provide a forum for the These guidelines were shared at plenary on the participants, together with the researchers to identify second day. In Colombo, the participants chose then to specific interventions which would bring about greater break into smaller, multi-disciplinary groups to develop integration of gender into transport initiatives. strategies for communicating these guidelines to their Two specific objectives were set for the seminars: intended audiences. In Pretoria, the participants chose to break into groups representing the different regions of ● To highlight the constraints and opportunities that sub-saharan Africa (South Africa, southern Africa, east exist for integrating gender and rural transport as a Africa, francophone West Africa and anglophone West means of reducing poverty, fostering small enterprise Africa) to design strategies for delivery of the guidelines etc. to specific target audiences. In both cases, the products of ● To develop guidelines for changes that are required at group discussions were shared at plenary at the end of the three different levels of the community, the the day, and conclusions drawn from them. programme,
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