16004 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE June 18, 1985 SENATE-Tuesday, June 18, 1985

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. June 18, 1985 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16005 porate tax loopholes through estab­ a substantial payment every time they The plant is Bamberg's largest employer, lishment of a 20-percent corporate receive a home health visit. said the mill's comptroller, D.R. Damon. He minimum tax and freezing the value Our Democratic leadership budget said 175 workers were laid off Thursday and another 125 will go within a month. of corporate tax deductions, credits, proposal also cut foreign aid spending The mill's president, Richard Allen of and exemptions. by $1.9 billion over 3 years-while pro­ Bamberg, could not be reached for comment The corporate minimum tax pro­ tecting aid to Israel, Egypt, Greece, Friday night. posed in the Byrd budget package and Turkey. Leaderman said the plant's closing would would apply only to profitable firms For defense spending, the Byrd come "pretty quick." now paying little or nothing in income amendment provided for a 1-percent "All we're doing is running out the goods taxes, and so would not increase the increase above inflation in fiscal year on the looms now, and that won't take burden for struggling or marginal 1986 and 3 percent beyond inflation in long," he said. Damon said there was virtually no chance firms. Scores of profitable corpora­ each of both 1987 and 1988. The final the plant would ever reopen, but the build­ tions pay little or nothing in income Republican budget provides only an ing and property would be made available to taxes at the same time that average inflation adjustment in 1986 and the other industries. Americans are being asked to make same 3 percent real growth in each of He said there was little chance the laid-off substantial sacrifices in the name of the subsequent 2 years. employees could be transferred to other di­ deficit reduction. This isn't fair, and I believe that the amendment I of­ visions of Rockland. the amendment I offered was designed fered would have provided for a fairer The company's other businesses in Bam­ to remedy this unfairness. and more workable spending plan for berg-an industrial park and a finishing plant-will remain open Leaderman said. I also indicated that some of the rev­ this Nation for the coming years. It Rockland operated the Bamberg mill for enues called for in the Byrd-Cranston­ also would have given our Nation a the past 17 years, and the mill previously Inouye-Matsunaga amendment could much greater likelihood of enhancing had operated under various owners for at be achieved by extending the Federal our competitiveness with other indus­ least 50 years, Leaderman said. tax on cigarettes now scheduled to trialized countries, and would have This article, illustrates what seems expire at the end of this year, and by made important investments in Ameri­ to be an almost daily occurrence investing in strengthened tax compli­ ca's future-shortchanged in the Re­ through the . ance capacity for the Internal Reve­ publican-White House budget-by Mr. President, the textile industry nue Service-so that those who now funding education and child nutrition ranks second to the steel industry for owe taxes would not be permitted to programs, agriculture programs, and purposes of national defense. escape without paying what they owe. programs critical to meeting our cities' We have to have textiles to make In addition to these differences, the and national transportation needs. uniforms, parachutes, and other items budget I offered would have restored Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ that are so important to the defense of cuts in a number of critical programs sent that I may reserve the balance of this country. During times of war, we which are vital to our Nation's future. my time. may not be able to get these textile The White House-Republican leader­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ products from overseas. ship budget as passed eliminates urban out objection, it is so ordered. Mr. President, I hope the adminis­ development grants and export promo­ tration will see the light and recognize tion loans; and makes deep cuts in ORDER OF PROCEDURE that we are endangering the economy funding for education, job training, and the future of this country by al­ basic science and research programs­ Mr. RUDMAN. Mr. President, I now lowing these textile mills to close. including National Institutes of yield 5 minutes of the leadership time I hope the administration will also Health disease prevention and treat­ to the President pro tempore, the Sen­ see the light and recognize that we are ment research-mass transit, Amtrak, ator from South Carolina, following losing thousands and thousands of regional economic development pro­ which I would like to yield 2 minutes jobs. grams-including the Appalachian Re­ to the Senator from Mississippi CMr. I beg the administration to study gional Commission-and agricultural COCHRAN]. this matter in depth. I have backed programs. Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I the administration and want to back it The Byrd budget amendment would wish to thank the able acting majority on everything I can, but the adminis­ have provided sufficient resources for leader. tration is making a terrible mistake by these programs to enable them to con­ allowing the textile mills of this coun­ tinue to meet the needs they now are CLOSING OF TEXTILE MILLS try to close and allowing imports to meeting. These programs are impor­ enter our country on an excessive tant to our efforts to remain a world Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I basis. industrial and commercial leader, to rise again today to call to the atten­ Last year, nearly one-half of all the preserve the jobs we now have and add tion of the Senate and the people of cloth used in this country was import­ to them, and to improve our quality of this country to the plight of the Amer­ ed. We cannot allow this to continue if life. Cutting them back, as the White ican textile industry. In my home we are going to protect the economy House-Republican leadership budget State of South Carolina, mills contin­ and defense of this Nation. does, will exact a great toll in future ue to close and employees continue to Mr. COCHRAN addressed the Chair. years-a toll that our children and lose their jobs. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The their children will pay. I hold in my hand an article from Senator from Mississippi. Finally, the Byrd budget amend­ the largest newspaper in South Caroli­ ment rejected the Republican budget's na, the State. Its headline reads, "Bamberg Mill Shutting Down." AMERICAN HOSTAGES IN increases in out-of-pocket health care LEBANON . costs to be exacted from Medicare The article reads this way: beneficiaries, as well as its deep reduc­ Bamberg Textile ,Mills is shutting down Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I rise tions in the Medicaid Program. Under operations because of competition from im­ to commend the President, his Cabinet the budget the Republicans passed, el­ ports, and a majority of its 300 workers have members, and staff who have been already been laid off. working to help secure the safe release derly and disabled Medicare benefici­ Zandy Leaderman, chairman of the board aries will have to pay higher premiums of the mill's parent company, Rockland In­ of American citizens who are held hos­ for physicians and outpatient cover­ dustries of Baltimore, said the decision to tage in Lebanon. age, higher deductibles each year close down the plant was made Wednesday. Our thoughts and prayers are with before that coverage will provide any He blamed the closing on "foreign imports those hostages today. I know all Amer­ protection, and they will have to make and the cost of making goods here." icans would like for them to know we

51- 059 0 -86-7 (Pt. 12) 16006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE June 18, 1985 will not abandon them and that every rarely denied. When it is denied, it is has been for a period of time effective­ means available and appropriate will denied with far less visibility and audi­ ly disciplined. It means that thanks to be used to gain their safe release. bility than its original assertion. So the Standing Consultative Commis­ I cannot help but add, Mr. President, who is to doubt it? Gradually these sion, SALT I, as of 1982, had probably my firm belief that we must also see to myths have become an accepted part been observed. But it means more. it that somebody is made to pay for of American public opinion. It means we have in place an institu­ this heinous and criminal act. Over the next few days, I will briefly tion-the SCC-which has a record of We must demonstrate through discuss on the floor of the Senate a giving both superpowers an opportuni­ action, not just words, that we will use myth a day. ty to make a nuclear arms control our military resources to protect The first myth is that the years agreement with the U.S.S.R. a reason­ American lives and retaliate against since the Reagan administration have ably reliable agreement. Mr. Presi­ those responsible for such reprehensi­ taken over have been years of progress in overcoming the country's oldest and dent, I stress opportunity. The SCC ble actions. gives the superpowers a fighting I know the options available to us most serious economic problem: unem­ are not clearcut, or easy to evaluate, ployment. The fact is that in the years chance to make nuclear arms control but we must not encourage, by our in­ since the Reagan policies have devel­ agreements work. Does the SCC action, this kind of callous disregard oped enough to have an effect on un­ assure us we can rely on Soviet compli­ for the lives of American citizens. employment, unemployment has been ance with SALT I or SALT II or the I think it is also important for us to higher than at any time since the be­ ABM treaty? Of course not. What does review security measures on our over­ ginning of the U.S. participation in it do? It gives the President a chance seas flights. One improvement I feel World War II, 43 years ago. Prior to to act constructively to save an arms we should consider is the requirement 1982, there has been only 2 years since control agreement when our intelli­ that antihijacking personnel be sta­ 1941 when unemployment in America gence service reports evidence that the tioned on American air carriers to help exceeded 7 percent. Since 1982, U.S.S.R. may be violating the treaty. prevent such acts of terror on overseas Reagan policies have been accompa­ It gives the Soviets the same construc­ flights in the future. nied by unemployment that has ex­ tive opportunity. The Arms Control I yield the floor. ceeded 7 percent in every single year. Agency report that the SCC worked to Unemployment seems likely to contin­ correct possible Soviet violations of ue to do so during the remainder of SALT I or it worked to allay our suspi­ RECOGNITION OF SENATOR the Reagan administration, especially cions. PROXMIRE in 1985 and 1986. What does that prove? It proves how The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under This is the No. 1 economic problem useful the sec can be if we use it ag­ the previous order, the Senator from that most Americans feel and com­ gressively. The SCC has jurisdiction Wisconsin [Mr. PROXMIRE] is recog­ plain about-unemployment. People with respect to SALT II. It also applies nized for not to exceed 15 minutes. do not want a handout. They want a to the antiballistic missile treaties. In job. And yet we have had only 2 years the case of both of these treaties the until 1982, over the past 43 years, administration has alleged that the EXPOSING A MYTH A DAY when unemployment exceeded 7 per­ Soviets have been in violation. What Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, this cent. In every year under President has the administration done about Senator has great admiration and re­ Reagan, this has been the case. It is a these violations? The violations have spect for the American media. That is myth that it seems to me we have to allegedly occurred over the first 2 or 3 why, for the life of me, I cannot un­ explode, the notion that this adminis­ years. The SCC is required by agree­ derstand how the critical and dramati­ tration has succeeded in an economic ment to meet at least twice a year. cally improved American press has program that has gotten our No. 1 eco­ Since the Arms Control Agency in a permitted myths or clear and obvious nomic problem under control. public unclassified report was able to contradictions of fact to be advanced give Americans assurance in 1982 that usually by the administration. Because the Soviets had satisfied our concerns they have been unchallenged and be­ LET'S PUT THE STANDING CON­ as expressed in sec meetings with re­ cause they have been advanced by the SULTATIVE COMMISSION TO spect to compliance with SALT I, why President of the United States or au­ WORK ON ARMS CONTROL do we not have a report from the thoritative public officials speaking Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, yes­ ACDA now on the U.S.S.R. compliance for him, they are generally believed by terday I discussed the inherent prob­ or lack thereof on the ABM treaty and Americans. They should not be. They lems of proportional response, and SALT II? Instead of the kind of ag­ are untrue. I do not call these myths today I want to indicate how we can gressive use of the sec that worked in lies. A lie is a deliberate, calculated resolve some of these problems by the past, we have an offhand assertion statement that is untrue. The liar making greater use of the Standing by the President that we may violate knows it is untrue. In the case of these Consultative Commission. SALT II because compliance has been myths, the administration appears to The 1982 edition of Arms Control "rather onesided." Perhaps the Presi­ sincerely believe what they say is true. and Disarmament Agreements, pub­ dent is right, but where is the evi­ They do not deliberately plan to de­ lished by the Arms Control and Disar­ dence? Why does not the President or ceive. mament Agency, made a statement the ACDA tell us if the United States I am sure the media, in reporting that has fascinating implications for has or has not taken its case to the what the President and other leading arms control. Just listen: SCC? figures in the administration say, does Both the United States and the Soviet If the administration has not done not mean to extend and propagate the Union have raised a number of questions in the commission-the Standing Consultative so precisely, what was the reason for untruth. But they see their job as re­ Commission-relating to each side in com­ the creation of the Standing Consulta­ porting the news. What the President pliance with the SALT I agreements. In tive Commission? Did they or did they says is always news. It should be news. each case raised by the United States, the not agree either to discontinue viola­ So they report it. Occasionally, the Soviet activity in question has either ceased tions of the Soviet Union or to satisfy myth is exposed as wrong. But this is or additional information has allayed U.S. the United States that the U.S.S.R. rarely done. The President or some ad­ concern. was not in violation of the treaty? If ministration figure announces the Why is this statement significant? the ACDA can make the report it myth. The newspapers and television Here is why: It means that at least one made in 1982 in general terms specify­ and radio report it to every nook and nuclear weapons agreement made be­ ing compliance or noncompliance by cranny of the country. The myth is tween Russia and the United States the Soviets without violating the con- June 18, 1985 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16007 fidentiality agreement made in estab­ After arriving in Britain in 1939, MISTREATMENT OF JEWS IN lishing the sec, why can it not make Israel worked as a German expert for SOVIET UNION a similar report in 1985? various agencies, trying to convince Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I rise Mr. President, the use of the SCC to the British of the danger European today to denounce the treatment of verify or rebut charges of violations of Jews faced. He also concentrated on Jews in the Soviet Union. In so doing I nuclear arms control agreements is at the problem of postwar relief and re­ am honored to join a number of my this time crucial to the preservation of settlement. colleagues as a participant in the 1985 arms control. The survival of two of Sadly, returning from a mission to Congressional Call to Conscience. the five major nuclear arms control Jewish refugee camps in Spain and It is the obligation of those fortu­ agreements between the United States Portugal in 1943, Wilfrid Israel died nate enough to live in a free society to and the U .S.S.R. hangs in the balance. when the Germans shot down the remain aware of those who enjoy no Obviously, if the Soviet Union or the plane in which he was traveling. such priviledge. It is incumbent upon United States want to kill arms con­ Wilfrid Israel's noble life was filled us to speak out against the oppression trol, it is dead. But both countries will with danger. But he showed extreme which exists in those parts of the lose tragically if nuclear arms control courage. world where governments deny their dies. Both will suffer cruelly from the Mr. President, civilization does not citizens the most basic human rights. burden of a continued and accelerated face such extreme danger today, We have recently embarked upon arms race. Both countries will risk a where a madman is trying to extermi­ another round of arms negotiations sharp escalation in the prospect of a nate an entire race of people, as we did with the Soviet Union. We fully recog­ nuclear war that would utterly destroy before and during World War II, with nize the existence of a goal we share the super powers. Either super power Hitler. Yet the threat that such a with the Soviets-the avoidance of our can kill arms control. Unless this ad­ nightmare can occur again will always mutual annihilation. Yet, that does ministration makes full use of the op­ remain. not imply the preclusion of our duty portunity to salvage these major trea­ to speak out against Soviet practices ties in the Standing Consultative Com­ That is why we must have the cour­ age to protect our liberty and stand up when those practices warrant criti­ mission, the United States will bear a cism. heavy share of guilt for the collapse of for basic human rights. nuclear arms control. That is why we must be forever vigi­ In the present case, we must not lant that a Holocaust never be repeat­ forget that the condition of Soviet ed. Jews continues to deteriorate. Fewer WILFRID ISRAEL'S NOBLE LIFE That is why we in this Chamber Jews are now allowed to leave the must ratify the Genocide Treaty. Soviet Union than at any other time Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, last in the previous 10 years. Indeed, there week I spoke in this Chamber on two Remembering the tragedy that en­ is speculation that the Soviet authori­ books that were reviewed in the April gulfed the life of Wilfrid Israel, the ties are considering the termination of issue of Commentary magazine by Senate should underscore the determi­ all emigration. At the same time, there Richard S. Levy. nation of the United States to ensure are reports that at no time since the Today, Mr. President, I would like to that no people live in fear of the crime reign of Stalin have there been more speak on the third book Mr. Levy re­ of genocide. acts of official discrimination and re­ views in that April issue. It is a book The Senate must ratify the Geno­ pression directed at Soviet Jews. that brings to light the extraordinary cide Treaty, and it must do it quickly. Moscow observers cannot remember bravery of Wilfrid Israel, a Jew who In the final days of the last session, a recent period in which there have remained in Hitler's Germany until we passed a resolution to take up the been so many unfounded political ar­ 1939 and who arranged the escape of Genocide Treaty promptly this ses­ rests of Jews. They range from teach­ many of his fellow Jews. sion, with only two negative votes. It ers of Hebrew, sentenced to forced The book is "A Refuge From Dark­ has now been reported to us by the labor camps, to cultural activists, com­ ness: Wilfrid Israel and the Rescue of Foreign Affairs Committee for the mitted to psychiatric hospitals. Dissi­ the Jews," written by Naomi Shep­ sixth time, by a 10-to-1 vote. The dents have been arrested on trumped herd. It describes the rescue of Jews as treaty has enjoyed the support of up charges or simply accused of com­ seen from the grassroots level. every President since World War II. mitting anti-Soviet slander. It is a reminder to us, Mr. President, To ratify the Genocide Treaty is to The Soviet authorities deny these al­ that even a tragedy of such incompre­ affirm our love of liberty. legations. They counter that Jews hensible proportions as the Holocaust To ratify the Genocide Treaty is to occupy positions of importance within was fashioned by individuals and that display the courage that is inbred in Soviet society as professionals and aca­ it was and still is up to individuals to our political system. demics and that they are not mistreat­ stand up to such evil. To ratify the Genocide Treaty is to ed. It is their position that the level of Let us examine the example of Wil­ document our compassion for basic emigration has dropped because few frid Israel. Israel took part in the human rights. Soviet Jews have a desire to emigrate famine relief in Russia in 1921 and and that many who have left are un­ witnessed human indifference to the Not to ratify this important treaty, happy. They assert that those who deaths of millions. Mr. President, is to shame the valor apply to emigrate are not stigmatized. When Hitler rose to power in Ger­ Wilfrid Israel and so many others like But, Mr. President, I would like to many in 1933, Wilfrid Israel could him showed during this nightmare in tell you about Yuli Kosharovsky, a easily have escaped since he was world history. Soviet refusenik whom I have adopted. wealthy and possessed a British pass­ Mr. President, I yield the floor. He and his family have been trying to port. emigrate to Israel from Moscow for 14 But Israel chose to remain until just years. before the war started in order to ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS Yuli is a 36-year-old radio electronics assist the weaker victims of Nazism. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under engineer. He first applied to emigrate He used connections and bribery to ar­ the previous order, there will now be a from the Soviet Union in April 1971, range the escape of many Jewish chil­ period for the transaction of routine but his application was refused one dren to Britain and Palestine. He even morning business for not to extend month later on the grounds of the "se­ managed to accomplish the release of beyond the hour of 12 noon, with crecy" of his previous work. In May numerous individuals from concentra­ statements therein limited to 5 min­ 1980, Kosharovsky was advised that tion camps. utes each. his period of "secrecy" had expired, 16008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE June 18, 1985 but that he would not be permitted to the practice of sustained-yield forestry ital gains treatment at all, while other emigrate for a new reason-the ab­ to assure the nation of a continuous owners would still be entitled to capital sence of close relatives in Israel. crop of timber. And sustained-yield gains treatment under the general rules ap­ During the years that Kosharovsky plicable to owners of investment property. forestry was made possible by the pas­ The result of such a change would return has been compelled to live as a refuse­ sage of timber capital gains treatment the industry to the incoherent state which nik in the Soviet Union, he has been legislation in 1944. Since that time, existed prior to the enactment of Section the target of relentless harassment Mr. President, companies and individ­ 631 when timber owners were taxes differ­ and intimidation. Denied work in his ual woodland owners have responded ently. chosen profession because of his desire to this wise policy by practicing sound In attempting to achieve tax "neutrality" to emigrate, Kosharovsky was then forest management, rewarding the among investment alternatives, timber in­ threatened with arrest in 1977 on a nation with magnificent forests for vestments-long-term in nature with large "parasitism" charge. He was placed front-end capital outlays, accompanied by commodity and recreational use, and substantial risk (both physical and under house arrest during President providing a livelihood for thousands of market)-are classic examples of risk capital Nixon's visit to the Soviet Union and people. at work. The economic theory behind the has imprisoned on charges of "hooli­ In 1982 alone, the latest year for proposal assumes current law misallocates ganism" and disturbing the public which statistics are available, more capital to some investments and that order. He was even led away from his than half-a-million acres were refor­ market price realignments will correct such home in chains on one occasion. ested throughout the Western States. misallocations-simply ignoring timber Mr. Kosharovsky and his family That enviable record typifies the post­ growing's extended time horizons. have endured more than a decade of war experience which has become one The Administration's proposal, by repeal­ suffering and hardship resulting from ing Section 631, would increase the rate of of the great conservation success sto­ tax on timber appreciation-from a 20% his desire to emigrate to Israel and his ries of our ERA. The bygone days of rate to 35% for individuals and from a 28% teaching of Hebrew. He and his family cut-and-run forestry have been re­ rate to 33% for corporations. The repeal of are part of a large and growing placed by the practice of scientific Section 631 would be outright with no re­ number of Jews across the Soviet forest management. Do we now want placement provision or offset-basis index­ Union who have regrettably concluded to jeopardize this admirable accom­ ing or depletion purposes would be prospec­ that there is no future for them in plishment by depriving forest land tive only, the economic effect of which their country and who seek to estab­ owners of the enlightened policies would be miniscule. The combination of factors in the Presi­ lish new lives for themselves in the that have helped make it all possible? dent's proposal which impact timber would historic homeland of the Jewish In many regions of the country, Mr. inevitably increase the cost of our timber re­ people-Israel. President, forestry is the lifeblood of sources. This has obvious implications for Americans from many walks of life rural communities. Oregon has our ability to compete in both domestic and have focussed their attention and ef­ become virtually synonomous with world markets. The forest products industry forts upon working for the repatri­ timberland. In 1982, Oregon's forest was an effective competitor in the interna­ ation of Kosharovsky and thousands industry employed more than 88,000 tional market place before exchange rates of other Jewish refuseniks. I will con­ men and women-over a third of all went awry and the industry intends to tinue my efforts on behalf of Koshar­ regain that posture when rates come back manufacturing employees in my State. into balance. Increasing the domestic costs ovsky until he and his family are al­ In addition to the 5.3 million acres of of timber resources clearly would delay the lowed to emigrate to Israel. The Sovi­ company timberlands, Oregon boasts time when the industry can again become ets must be made to realize how ab­ more than 25, 700 private individual competitive, further damaging our balance horrent the world finds their treat­ woodland owners. These individuals of payments. ment of their own Jewish citizens. We face the same steep initial planting Elimination of capital gains on timber implore the Soviet Union to recognize costs, the same long holding periods would be a monumental breach of faith the universal right of emigration and for their tree crops, and the same risks with timber owners who have planted and to release those who are held in that maintained their forests over decades in an­ that the companies face. Without ticipation of a rate of return predicated on country against their will. proper tax incentives to balance the lower tax rates. To encourage reforestation extraordinary uncertainties of timber with a rate differential incentive and then TIMBER TAXES investment, I fear for the long-term to eliminate the differential prior to harvest prospects of Oregon's most important would guarantee a substantial reduction in Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, the manufacturing enterprise. reforestation activities subsequent to the administration's long-awaited tax The goal of tax reform is certainly adoption of the President's proposal. reform proposal with its provisions on an admirable one. We all want a sim­ A significant tax rate differential eral deficit, is threatening veto of a projects, 22 corps and 3 Bureau Eliminates abusive tax shelters in the bill that is below the President's re­ projects. These are the same projects "natural deferral" industries.

51-059 0-86-8 (Pt. 12) 16038 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE June 18, 1985 tunity to visit with many of my con­ allow the world aviation community to mental Relations will hold a hearing stituents about the events surrounding be held hostage to the irresponsible on the deductibility of State and local the taking of this aircraft. South Da­ actions of a few madmen bent on taxes, on Wednesday, June 26, at 1 kotans share the sense of outrage murder, mayhem or suicide. We can p.m. in room 342 of the Dirksen which all Americans feel at this latest reduce the chances of similar tragedies Senate Office Building. act of terrorism and the death of one in the future by strengthening airport American at the hands of these inter­ safety, and I call upon the administra­ SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT OF GOVERNMENT national outlaws. They pray that the tion and Congress to work with the MANAGEMENT remaining hostages are returned aviation community in quickly ad­ Mr. COHEN. Mr. President, I wish safely home to America and their dressing these concerns and imple­ to announce that the Senate Over­ awaiting families and friends. menting new policies to safeguard sight of Government Management In addition, South Dakotans believe Americans traveling abroad. Subcommittee will hold hearings on that the time has come for the United the Department of Labor's Enforce­ States to take strong action against ment of the Employee Retirement those who would perpetrate these acts AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED Income Security Act [ERISAJ on of violence and murder. My goal today Tuesday and Wednesday, June 25 and is not to second-guess the actions cur­ NATIONAL OCEANIC AND AT­ 26 at 9:30 a.m., in room 342 of the rently underway to free the remaining Dirksen Senate Office Building. passengers held in hostile hands, but MOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION to introduce a sense-of-the-Senate res­ ATMOSPHERIC AND SATELLITE olution which would place the U.S. PROGRAM AUTHORIZATION ACT, 1985 AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES Senate on record requesting that a TO MEET strong Federal program be put in SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE place to ensure the safety of Ameri­ GORTON AMENDMENT NO. 352 cans tra\-eling in foreign nations Mr. McCLURE. Mr. President, I ask aboard American air carriers. Mr. GORTON proposed an amend­ unanimous consent that the Select There is no doubt that security ment to the bill a comparison of the cost of such activi­ American air carriers. ty as performed by employees of the Na­ William Bradford Reynolds to be Asso­ It also calls on this task force to tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra­ ciate Attorney general for the Depart­ work with the airlines and the aviation tion and the cost of such activity as per­ ment of Justice. community to devise programs which formed under the proposed contract; The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ will enhance international air safety. <2> a comparison of the services performed out objection, it is so ordered. In addition, it recommends that strong by employees of the National Oceanic and action be taken in negotiating new air Atmospheric Administration and the serv­ COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC agreements with foreign nations to ices to be performed under the proposed WORKS assure that all possible safeguards are contract; and Mr. McCLURE. Mr. President, I ask (3) an assessment of the benefits to the unanimous consent that the Commit­ taken by these countries to assure pas­ Federal Government of proceeding with the senger safety before we agree to any proposed contract. tee on Environment and Public Works such agreement. We have the ability be authorized to meet during the ses­ to strengthen international air safety, sion of the Senate on Tuesday, June and we must take action to do so. NOTICES OF HEARINGS 18, 1985, in order to conduct a hearing Mr. President, terrorism is a world­ SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERGOVERNMENTAL on the nomination of Thomas Morgan wide problem and can only be combat­ RELATIONS Roberts to be a member of the Nucle­ ed on a worldwide basis. As long as one Mr. DURENBERGER. Mr. Presi­ ar Regulatory Commission. individual's right to free passage is dent, I wish to announce that the The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ threatened, no one is safe. We cannot Senate Subcommittee on Intergovern- out objection it is so ordered. June 18, 1985 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16039 ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS security is to maintain a proper de­ vital interests of the United States re­ fense for our country. A credible de­ quired it. In fact, I have confirmed fense requires the coherent and uni­ that Presidents have used the troops FOREIGN POLICY BY form direction of the national forces, in hostilities more than 200 times AMENDMENTS something which is not likely to be without any congressional declarations e Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, found in the shifting opinions and of war. one of the benefits of a responsible moods of a legislative chamber consist­ The first President, George Wash­ press is incisive reporting and interpre­ ing mainly of military amateurs and ington, assumed he possessed the tation of events whose historical rel­ persons who have never given up the power to make defensive war when he evance may otherwise be dimmed from idea that they have to be reelected. told his Secretary of State, Thomas public awareness. One such contribu­ Mr. President, the Constitution pro­ Jefferson, to threaten Spain with mili­ tion to public knowledge is the Wall vides Congress with power to raise and tary action if she would not open her Street Journal editorial of June 7 cor­ support the Armed Forces. But the di­ possessions on the Mississippi River to ., rectly labeling the attempt by Con­ rection of the defense forces once es­ the trade of American citizens. gress to conduct foreign policy by leg­ tablished and the daily control of for­ When he became President, Jeffer­ islative amendment as harmful politi­ eign affairs rest with the President. son sent a squadron of armed ships cal interference. The Founding Fathers understood into the Mediterranean without Commenting on "The Week That that Congress lacked the information having any congressional authority Was," the period of June 3 through 7, and capacity for fast decisionmaking and gave them orders to sink, burn, had this to essential to protect the Nation in time and destroy any vessels of the Barbary say: of crisis. During its formative years, pirates which may threaten American the United States was concerned with Congress has had a busy week directing commerce. It was fully half a year U.S. foreign policy. It's too bad that its vari­ securing its borders against the for­ after he issued these military direc­ ous votes have had so little to do with the eign powers whose territories encircled tives and 4 months after our Navy was Nation's real interests and so much to do the Union and with developing its embroiled in a naval blockade and with political opportunism. But that's often great potential for growth and eco­ battle that Jefferson got around to in­ the case, which is why the Founding Fa­ nomic progress. Today the United forming Congress and seeking its rati­ thers sought to make foreign policy mainly States stretches across a continent and fication of his actions. an Executive responsibility. beyond and stands as the largest, most On September 20, 1810, when he was During the week, the House passed powerful source of freedom and liber­ in retirement, Jefferson enunciated economic sanctions against South ty in the world. the principle which had guided his Africa opposed by prominent South With this new status has come the policies and should guide all loyal offi­ African Blacks, and the Senate acted unavoidable realization in a world of cers of the Nation. "A strict observ­ on both the Department of Defense interrelated economies, instant com­ ance of the written laws is doubtless authorization bill and foreign relations munications, and modern technology one of the high duties of a good citi­ authorizations, each of which were the that in order to protect its own citi­ zen," he declared, "but it is not the occasion for offering dozens of amend­ zens and liberties, the United States highest. The laws of necessity, of self­ ments intervening with the direction must carry a major role in preventing preservation, of saving our country of foreign policy. In the 9 legislative aggression by our adversaries. Acting when in danger are of higher obliga­ days alone it took the Senate to for the Nation, the President has a tion." debate the DOD bill, this body consid­ duty to recognize and resist challenges Thomas Jefferson's concise and sen­ ered 117 different amendments, 81 of to our country and people in the early sible statement discloses why the which were actually adopted. stages of any threatening danger. If framers conferred upon the President Yet, throughout these many hours he waits or is incapacitated from independent authority to act when the of debate, from May 17 through June action until the challenge becomes safety of the Nation and its people de­ 3, I cannot remember a single vote or clear beyond any controversy, the cost manded it. The survival of our experi­ amendment directed against a specific of resistance may become prohibitive ment in freedom with representative weapon, such as the B-1 bomber, the leaving no recourse but submission to government may well depend upon the M-1 tank, or what I call the "Bradley aggression or all-out war. awakening by Congress to this basic Battle Wagon," an armored personnel The point I am making about the principle which lies at the center of a carrier. It is true a number of votes meddling amendments which have constitution the framers meant to were cast in different ways involving become almost a weekly exercise in endure. the SDI-the Strategic Defense Initia­ Congress, and the point I will continue Mr. President, I ask that the editori­ tive-but they were not cast in the to make about them and the war al from the Wall Street Journal to form of votes for or against a specific powers resolution in the weeks ahead, which I referred may appear at this weapon system. Rather, the issue was is that there is grave danger in any point in the RECORD. argued from a fundamental misunder­ legislative restriction which removes The editorial follows: standing of the concept and character­ flexibility from the President to deal [From the Wall Street Journal, June 7. istics of the system, which should be with unforeseen events. For example, 1985] looked upon as an antiweapon. Nor did the shameful failure of Congress to the proponents of these amendments grant even humanitarian legislation EASY VOTES Congress has had a busy week directing realize that what they were seeking permitting the evacuation of American U.S. foreign policy. It's too bad that its vari­ would terminate important defense citizens from Saigon in 1975 is proof ous votes have had so little to do with the programs designed to perform mis­ enough that Congress cannot be nation's real interests and so much to do sions that will be necessary even if we counted on to deal properly with with political opportunism. But that's often do not decide to deploy the SDI. future defense needs as they arise. the case, which is why the Founding Fa­ Mr. President, war cannot be ended Unlike the President, an assembly of thers sought to make foreign policy mainly by amendments. Foreign policy cannot 535 politically motivated Secretaries of an executive responsibility. be conducted by amendments. I should State does not rush to decision. Congressional foreign policy makers fo­ Mr. President, anyone who reviews cused on Jordan, SALT and South Africa. In like to think that I will live to see the each case, the issues are complex and sensi­ day when the moral forces of the our history will know that Presidents tive, but were treated mainly with profound world might prevail and the world can have always exercised independent di­ thoughts about where the most votes lie. understand the stupidity of war. His­ rection of foreign policy and the mili­ The Senate, for example, tacked on to the tory instructs us, however, that until tary forces when they believed the defense authorization bill a rider instructing that day arrives, the surest means of protection of American citizens or the the president to continue abiding by SALT 16040 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE June 18, 1985 II but to respond in kind to any Soviet viola­ Buthelezi replied that this was not only an TENNESSEE COAL RESEARCH tions. This lets the voters know the Senate insult to him but to the people who elected AND ENERGY CONSERVATION is pure in heart. But Mr. Reagan still will him their chief. It doesn't take much imagi­ have to make up his own mind about how nation for a South African black leader to • Mr. SASSER. Mr. President, I would much he wants to jeopardize U.S. security know that if the country becomes more rad­ like to bring to the attention of my by breaking up submarines while the Sovi­ icalized the black majority will experience colleagues in the Senate an article in ets are expanding their nuclear arsenal. most of the suffering. the June 3 issue of Business Week. It In a similarly unhelpful vein, a non-bind­ But the U.S. Congress is well on the way features one phase of clean coal tech­ ing resolution backed by 70 senators put the toward forcing the very policy that a promi­ Senate on record opposing new arms for nent South African black warns against, all nology that is being developed at the Jordan unless that country enters direct in the name of helping South African University of Tennessee's Space Insti­ peace talks with Israel. Very few senators blacks. Here again, Mr. Reagan is to be tute at Tullahoma, TN. have been defeated at the polls for support­ awarded the honor of choosing between About 10 years ago, in the midst of ing Israel, and the Israelis understandably good policy and political popularity. It is the oil crisis, considerable research do not favor weapons sales to Arab coun­ the kind of choice his political opponents funds were allocated to the develop­ tries under any conditions. But King Hus­ enjoy putting before him and his political ment of magnetohydrodynamics, gen­ sein gets very nervous when Americans try friends are often too spineless to resist.e to put his feet to the fire, and the interests erally known as MHD, in the hopes of Mideast peace might have been better that 50 percent more energy could be served if the senators had listened to Secre­ WORLDWIDE MARRIAGE EN­ squeezed out of coal than is possible tary of State George Shultz, who asked COUNTER MEETS IN NEW with conventional methods. them to stay out of the delicate negotiations JERSEY In recent years, scientists developing with the king. e Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, MHD in the experimental plant at the The most serious foreign-policy interven­ University of Tennessee's Space Insti­ tion, however, came about in the House, on the weekend of June 28-30, 1985, which voted 295-127 Wednesday to apply more than 1,500 couples from Maine tute struggled to keep the project economic sanctions to South Africa. This to Delaware will be gathering for the alive. Now, worries about acid rain are measure was a victory for the Free South 1985 convention of Worldwide Mar­ bringing MHD back into the limelight. Africa Movement, led by Randall Robinson, riage Encounter at William Paterson Dr. Susan Wu, administrator of the director of a Washington-based group called College in Wayne, NJ. The couples program, is quoted as saying, "I think TransAfrica. His campaign targets apart­ will be hearing presentations on the the energy department is now on our heid, and since there are practically no positive aspects of the married rela­ side," and the article goes to indicate apartheid fans in the U.S. it has had no trouble collecting adherents. Any number of tionship. The Worldwide Marriage En­ that the private sector is increasingly prominent Americans have been willing to counter organization is affiliated with interested in this technology, which is join in public demonstrations in front of the Family Life Ministries Program of based on a principle discovered more South African diplomatic missions or the the Archdiocese of Newark, NJ, under than 150 years ago. headquarters of companies doing business the direction of Father Robert Har­ Mr. President, I ask that the full in South Africa. It has been a mark of rington. text of the Business Week article be honor to be arrested in this good cause. Worldwide Marriage Encounter is an printed in the RECORD. Even Amy Carter succeeded in that. organization which believes that the The article follows: But as popular as this movement has quality and depth of love shared by a been, you don't have to probe very deeply to CFrom Business Week, June 3, 19851 see that it has very little to do with the in­ wife and husband is an essential deter­ minant of the quality and depth of REVIVING A TECHNOLOGY TO CLEAN UP AFTER terests of black South Africans. Mr. Robin­ COAL son is a man of the American left. TransAf­ family life. Through their weekend en­ rica has served as a U.S. forum for, among counter experience, couples have an Coal is dirty, gritty stuff. When it burns, others, Sam Nujoma, Marxist leader of the opportunity to focus on strengthening it spews out a witch's brew of pollutants­ South-West Africa People's Organization their relationship and love for one an­ everything from soot to the sulfur oxides CSWAPO), and Michael Manley, who until other. that are blamed for acid rain. This problem he was ousted by the voters in 1980, was is especially serious for huge coal-fired pulling Jamaica into the Cuban orbit. Mr. The Worldwide Marriage Encounter power plants, which can burn up to 9,000 Robinson has been saying, in effect, that movement was founded by a young tons of coal a day. Even with costly scrub­ anyone who supports 's mod­ Spanish diocesan laborer priest, bers and devices to capture particulates, a eration in prodding South Africa's leaders Father Gabriel Calvo, in Barcelona, lot of sulfur dioxide still gets through. toward social and political change is a friend Spain, in 1952. The movement reached But an experimental power plant in Tulla­ of apartheid. Even Republicans cringe the United States in 1967. Although homa, Tenn., bypasses this costly process. before such a charge and 56 of them voted the Worldwide Marriage Encounter Although it burns coal, the plant emits for sanctions in the House. experience was developed for Catho­ from its slender stack only a pure white But the simple truth is that economic plume that is nearly all steam. Its secret? sanctions are the worst possible form of lics, it welcomes participants of many An almost-abandoned energy technology pressure the U.S. can apply. American com­ different faiths. The weekend experi­ known as magneto-hydrodynamics CMHD) panies have for years been a significant ence is currently offered in Latin Skipping steps. A decade ago, when re­ force in eradicating on-the-job racial distinc­ America, Europe, Africa, Australia, search funds were plentiful and U.S. de­ tions, such as separate washrooms and and Asia in addition to the United pendence on imported oil was worrisome, eating areas. Economic development fed by States and Canada. Participants come the Energy Dept. was pouring money into investment from the U.S. and other foreign from 59 countries and all 50 States. MHD. It hoped the technology could sources has forced modification of racial The first convention of Worldwide squeeze 50% more energy out of coal than barriers, simply because expansion is de­ Marriage Encounter was held in Long conventional boilers. But when the energy pendent upon assimilating blacks, coloreds crisis gave way to an oil glut, interest and Asians into higher skills, requiring Island, NY, in 1972. The 1985 conven­ waned. Scientists developing MHD in the higher levels of training and education and tion in New Jersey will be presided experimental plant at the University of paying higher salaries. Bars against interra­ over by The Most Reverend Frank J. Tennessee's Space Institute struggled for cial marriage and the purchase of homes in Rodimer, bishop of Paterson, NJ. This years just to keep the project alive. what were once regarded as "temporary" year's ecumenical convention reflects Now, worries about acid rain are dragging black townships have been among the most its international flavor, as there will MHD back into the limelight. The huge recent barriers to fall. be presentations in English, Spanish, coal-fired power plants in the Midwest Mangosuthu G. Buthelezi, chief of the six and Korean. The proceedings will be produce much of the pollution that is dam­ million-member Zulu tribe, visited the U.S. signed for the deaf. They will also in­ aging lakes and forest in the Northeast and in February and let it be known that he op­ Canada. The Energy Dept. is asking Con­ poses sanctions on the simple grounds that clude the participation of Korean cou­ gress for $30 million to determine if MHD they would harm South African blacks. Mr. ples from both the Northeastern corri­ might be one way to solve that problem. Robinson called him an "apologist" for the dor and from the Republic of Korea And several companies-including such South African government, to which Mr. itself.e giants as General Dynamics Corp. and June 18, 1985 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16041 Westinghouse Electric Corp.-hope to build the responsibility of the press. The alike, have convinced me that the current the first commercial MHD facility. Media Institute, a nonprofit organiza­ widespread distrust of the media stems The process works on a principle discov­ tion encouraging more comprehensive largely from the fact that the public does ered more than 150 years ago by British sci­ and balanced media coverage, pub­ not understand how the media operate. entist Michael Faraday: Passing a charged Reporters and editors must drive home fluid through a magnetic field generates lished an article in its May 1985 news­ the idea that a given story represents the electricity. This skips the step of using heat letter concerning the establishment of best a reporter has been able to find out at to turn a mechanical generator, so an MHD the First Amendment Center and that point about a given situation from power plant can achieve an efficiency of what it hopes to accomplish. The arti­ sources he considers responsible-and that about 45% vs. about 35% for a conventional cle was written by Grant Dillman, di­ new facts may emerge later to alter the pic­ plant. The technology becomes even more rector of the new center and the ture. efficient if the waste heat is captured and former Washington Bureau Chief of If readers, listeners, and viewers ap­ used to run conventional turbine. United Press International. proached news with that in mind, they Researchers at Tullahoma are convinced As a longtime supporter of a free might be less tempted to blame the report­ that their small, 1 Mw demonstration plant er-and the newspaper-for bad news in­ has already proved the commercial feasibili­ and responsible press. I ask that this stead of the people or events actually re­ ty of MHD. To start the process, technicians article be printed in the RECORD. sponsible. It might be easier for them to un­ pulverize coal into a coarse powder and seed The article follows: derstand that newsgathering is a very it with particles of potassium to increase its CFrom the Media Institute Forum, May human pursuit marred occasionally by electrical conductivity. Next, as they watch 1985] human error. from behind a bank of video monitors, the FIRST AMENDMENT: STANDING UP TO ABUSES, Editors, liberal and conservative alike, powder is mixed with oxygen and burned APATHY-JOURNALISTS MUST TAKE ACTION seem to agree that reporters generally can under high pressure until it reaches about To WIN PuBLIC TRUST and do subordinate their own feelings in 5,000F. The resulting plasma is then handling stories. It is not so clear readers rammed at supersonic speeds through a The cover of the January-February issue agree. powerful magnetic field to produce almost of the Columbia Journalism Review an­ Newspapers and broadcast outlets are pollution-free electricity. nounces in red letters, "Trashing the working hard on the credibility problem. Where do all the pollutants go? Tests at FOIA." Inside, an article by Steve Weinberg They are running corrections, initiating Tullahoma and Argonne National Laborato­ reports that 18 years after its passage, the radio and television speak-out programs, ry in Batavia, Ill., found that the potassium Freedom of Information Act is not working and allocating more space for letters to the particles combine with the sulfur in the the way it was intended, and is in danger of editor and op-ed pieces reflecting rival views coal. This means that smoke from an MHD being seriously eroded under the Reagan on critical issues. generator contains practically no sulfur di­ Administration. They also appear to have got a message oxide. And particulate pollutants can easily Peter Prichard, chairman of the Freedom from the Sharon and Westmoreland cases­ be removed with such standard pollution­ of Information Committee of the Society of and a spate of other libel suits-that the control devices as electrostatic precipitators. Professional Journalists/Sigma Delta Chi, courts and the public are more determined On our side. The Energy Dept.'s new in­ writes in the March Quill, the Society's pub­ than ever to hold them strictly accountable terest in the technique represents quite a lication, that journalists must defend the for what they write and broadcast. turnaround. During the previous four years, First Amendment "with every fiber of our None of this means an end to aggressive it completely cut MHD from its budget re­ beings." reporting. It does mean emphasizing accura­ quests. But each time, Congress put back But Prichard, associate editorial director cy, balance, and fairness, always the goals of enough money to keep the project crawling of USA Today, quickly adds that "we err if responsible journalists. It also means media along. Then after a series of meetings with we apply that same energy to defending groups must intensify efforts to educate energy experts last spring, the agency asked sloppy journalism, inaccurate stories, or Americans about their stake in an open soci­ for extra money to fund MHD in fiscal 1986. unfair or unbalanced reporting.'' ety. Officials are now drawing up a five-year Weinberg and Prichard touch on two If anyone doubts the magnitude of the schedule to coordinate development efforts. facets of the sharpest debate to rock Ameri­ challenge, consider just a few among the "I think the Energy Dept. is now on our can journalism in decades. In courtrooms, dozens and dozens of flashpoints involving side," says Y. C. L. Susan Wu, administrator legislative committees, executive suites, pro­ newsmakers, reporters, and public attitudes. of the Tennessee program. fessional conferences, public forums, and At the White House, reporters complain The private sector certainly is. Several newsrooms, the media and their critics are bitterly about slickly packaged news and corporations that serve the utility industry arguing the proper role of the press in the lack of opportunity to ask the president recently formed MHD Development Corp., a nation's life and conscience. meaningful questions. Some citizens-and for-profit consortium that plans to convert Critics accuse the media of excesses that some editors of those same White House re­ an existing oil-fired power plant to coal­ violate individual privacy, promote liberal porters-call the reporters rude and contend fired MHD. The group, which is considering ideologies, and threaten national security. they ask inane questions. several plants, says it is now willing to pay Reporters and editors counter that their The list goes on. The Pentagon comes 'up to half the conversion's estimated $412 critics, for seKish reasons, are trying to cut under fire for excluding reporters from the million cost. And if there is no government off information needed by Americans to Grenada invasion and finally works out a money, "we will look for sources of private reach informed decisions. "pool" arrangement for any such future op­ funding," insists John C. Orth, president of Now, the Society of Professional Journal­ erations. When the Pentagon tests the the Montana Energy Research & Develop­ ists/Sigma Delta Chi has set up a Washing­ system by sending a group of reporters to ment Institute, who helped form the corpo­ ton First Amendment Center that will try to Honduras to observe military maneuvers, ration. rally support for an unfettered press, im­ word leaks out and the Pentagon is forced The consortium has raised the spirits of prove media performance, and help news­ to go public, raising a possibility the plan the researchers at Tullahoma who have makers, Journalists, and the public better may be junked. doggedly pursued MHD for the past decade. understand each other. The libel mania has gone so far that a "I'm optimistic," says Norman R. Johanson, The Center is financed by a $250,000 grant local official sued the author of a critical manager of the test site. "If we can sell this from Central Newspapers, Inc., the Indian­ letter to the editor, and the newspaper, five-year plan to Congress, I think MHD can apolis-based newspaper group owned by the prompting Bill Moyers to comment on CBS be a commercial thing before the year Pulliam family. It will operate at first on a that a verdict in the official's favor would 2000.'' At the same time, backers of MHD part-time basis, expanding its activities as amount to a gag on a citizen's right to criti­ will have shown that all their technology the fund and its investment revenues in­ cize his government. needed was the right problem to solve.e crease. The goal is a full-time director and In his article in the Columbia Journalism support staff as soon as possible. Review, Steve Weinberg recited a series of Initial emphasis will be on monitoring "horror stories" on how agencies have cir­ FIRST AMENDMENT CENTER FOi developments in Washington and cumvented the FOi law by claiming materi­ e Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. President, the across the country, helping shape Society al sought by reporters would injure national positions on FOi issues, developing a regu­ security, by levying excessive processing Society of Professional Journalists re­ lar FOi digest for editors, working with fees, or by simply stonewalling. cently established a landmark First other FOi groups, and initiating op-ed Worse, he said, bills now pending in Con­ Amendment Center in Washington. pieces for newspapers and broadcast outlets. gress would increase exemptions from the The organization will work toward two Forty-five years in the news business, law and give bureaucrats increased discre­ vital goals: freedom of the press and fielding complaints from readers and editors tion to withhold information. 16042 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE June 18, 1985 "Journalists may be uncomfortable as lob­ tition. Deindustrialization, once a lems afflicting our industries, as well byists," he said, "but having the tools to do debate among economists, columnists, as the range of solutions available. the job should be considered a legitimate and nonpartisan issue on which to speak and political scientists, is now a vital In particular, I would like to bring to out." issue which the Nation cannot ignore. my colleague's attention an article Journalists also should not be uncomfort­ The United States, as a nation, faces concerning the experiences of Jacques able about telling the public why and how the challenge of strengthening its in­ Koppel, the director of the technology they cover the news because, like it or not, dustrial base and reasserting itself in management center of Philadelphia's they probably will operate in a goldfish the international arena. This is par­ Council for Labor and Industry. Enti­ bowl from now on. And they need the public ticularly true for the manufacturing tled "Why Companies Hesitate to on their side because the public will help sector. The Bureau of Labor Statistics, decide how big the bowl will be.e Automate," the piece describes Mr. in a study issued only 2 weeks ago, re­ Koppel's recent exploration of auto­ ported that 2 million manufacturing mation in a number of Pennsylvania SOVIET JEWISH REFUSENIKS jobs have been lost since 1979. In industries which are being adversely •Mr. GORE. Mr. President, I would order to do so, however, we must first affected by foreign competition. like to take this opportunity to call to gain an understanding of the problems In a survey of 100 companies, Mr. the attention of my colleagues in the which have led to this crisis. Koppel found that the majority of Senate the plight of the Soviet Jewish In part, these problems have their producers were using methods which Refuseniks. Further, I call their atten­ roots outside the United States. Other were both costly and inefficient. Pro­ tion to a special group of persons countries have begun to use new mer­ ducers were not using readily available whose names I share with them today. cantilist trade strategies which pro­ technologies which could cut costs and These persons have a strong desire mote exports but restrict imports. as well as increase productivity. More­ to leave the Soviet Union and join Short of a direct tariff, mercantilist over, many companies were disinter­ their families in Israel. Some of these nations are raising nontariff barriers, ested in the productive potential of people have been separated from their subsidizing key sectors and enhancing improved technologies. families for as long as 10 years. Letters comparative advantage, and selling The lack of interest in automation to and from the refusenkis are cen­ products at below world trade prices. has important consequences beyond sored, they are harrassed, and not al­ These tactics have created a distorted productivity and profits. The ability of lowed to obtain employment. Suffer­ trading system, where the United foreign companies to utilize advanced ing is part of their daily existence and States has become one of the few production techniques has enabled they are ostracized by their fell ow major trading nations which main­ them to capture increasing shares of countrymen. tains a free and open trading system. the U.S. market. As a result, American Although we are limited, for obvious In part, our Nation's trading crisis is industry, and the American economy reasons, as to what we can do to help also due to the changes in the global suffers. these people, it is of the utmost impor­ economy. Technological innovations in Mr. Koppel attributed the lack of tance that we continue to pressure the communications and transportation automation to three major factors. Soviet Government to release the re­ have created a complex, interdepend­ First, the training of most managers fuseniks. ent world market where trade cannot deemphasizes the improvements in the In 1975, the Soviet Union became a be limited by distance. Freely floating production process. Instead, their signatory to the Helsinki accords, exchange rates and the rising value of backgrounds tend to stress salesman­ pledging to "present human rights and the dollar have encouraged imports ship marketing strategies, and finan­ fundamental freedoms, including the but discouraged exports. This in turn, cial accounting. Second, small compa­ freedom of thought, conscience, reli­ has caused our trade and current ac­ nies, limited by time and insufficient gion or belief" and to "work in a posi­ count deficits to balloon. The General manpower, do not have the capacity tive and humanitarian spirit with the Agreement on Tariffs and Trade for evaluating the importance of spe­ applications of persons who wish to re­ CGATTl, the international covenant cific technologies to their own produc­ unite with members of their family." which regulates world trade, was cre­ tion processes. As a result, recent inno­ The U.S.S.R. has flagrantly disobeyed ated nearly 40 years ago. It envisioned vations seem strange and unfamiliar, the Helsinki accords. a free and open international trading and management is afraid to use tech­ I strongly encourage Members of the community in a stable financially reg­ nology which it does not understand. Senate to become active in helping the ulated world. The rules established by Third, most of these companies are Soviet Jewish Refuseniks. We need a GATT no longer apply to the modern small, managed by only a few individ­ commitment to action if we are to re­ world. • alize our desire to see these people uals who must perform many tasks. leave the Soviet Union and begin life Yet the sources of the problem are These managers become so preoccu­ again reunited with their families . . not outside the United States. We pied with day-to-day business needs The list I have shared with my col­ have played our own part in the dein­ that production improvement becomes leagues today is but a small portion of dustrialization of America. We have a minor consideration. the people who are classified as refuse­ pursued a policy of benign neglect of Mr. Koppel's assessment is compel­ niks and in desperate need of our international trade and financial sys­ ling. The productive potential present­ help.e tems. While dumping, subsidies, and ed by new technologies is not being re­ nontariff barriers have created market alized. Small business managers, unin­ distortions at our expense, we lack a formed and overburdened by daily REALIZING PRODUCTIVE comprehensive strategy for dealing business activities, have become disin­ POTENTIAL with these problems. While the global terested in production improvements. e Mr. HEINZ. Mr. President, today I trading system evolves, we continue to As a result, productive efficiency and would like to address an issue which follow rules which have no modern industrial capacity is lagging behind has become a matter of crucial con­ relevance. In essence, we lack a com­ that of our foreign competitors. cern to our Nation. Today, America prehensive trade policy which address­ In addition, I applaud Mr. Koppel's finds itself in a state of industrial de­ es these problems. constructive approach to the problem. cline. Once the world's economic and Addressing these problems means re­ In order to encourage the introduction political leader, our ability to compete vitalizing our economy and maintain­ of new technologies to small compa­ in international markets is deteriorat­ ing a fair and open trading system. It nies, he is providing a free advisory ing. In industry after industry, and in is in this context that I present to my service to local management. Mr. the new as well as the old, we are colleagues the first in a series of arti­ Koppel assesses the applicability of losing market share to foreign compe- cles which aim to explore the prob- specific technologies for local compa- June 18, 1985 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16043 nies. If the company requests, Mr. sprung from an American cultural tradition But now he has more work than he can Koppel will also perform a cost-benefit that delights in ingenious ways of doing handle and is trying to slow the company analysis for the new production meth­ things. down. "It's getting bigger than I want," he But they also have sprung from a tradi­ says. "I know there are newer technologies, ods. tion that, in recent decades, has given short but I don't have time to train people to use Mr. Koppel, however, has not exam­ shrift to the importance of the manufactur­ them. I'm overloaded now." ined the effect of technology on job ing process, said George Kuper, executive At B&J Machines, Inc., where William availability, and this is an issue which director of the National Academy of Sci­ O'Brien's management skills have been sup­ I will address separately tomorrow. ences. plemented by those of sons Jim and William Nevertheless, Mr. Koppel has taken a Kuper said that most managers' senses of Jr., the thinking has been quite different­ what is most important in business are and has paid off. serious problem which affects the abil­ shaped by what they read and learn in the ity of American industry to compete press, in school and around the cracker­ Revenues this year will be about $500,000, with foreign producers and he has of­ barrel. And much of that emphasizes areas a "significant increase" over last year, said fered a promising solution. Mr. Koppel other than the production process. Jim O'Brien. The increase is due, in part, to Salesmanship and financial accounting the installation last fall of a new $35,000 is to be commended for his construc­ computerized milling machine. tive actions, and I encourage further get big play and real estate killings, market­ thought and investigation of his ap­ ing strategies, tax-shelter devices and other Jim O'Brien spoke glowingly about the financial maneuvers are studied, publicized improvement that the new machine has proach. Mr. President, I ask that the and applauded. brought to the company's business of pro­ text of the article be printed in the So, to many managers of both large and ducing parts for ammunition-testing equip­ RECORD. small businesses, the idea that improving ment. Production costs and delivery times The text follows: the manufacturing process can strengthen a have been reduced because five parts can be CFrom the Philadelphia Inquirer, May 12, company is quite foreign. produced in the time it was taking to make 1985) FEAR OF THE UNKNOWN one, and a much higher percentage of the finished parts will meet the customer's spec­ WHY COMPANIES HESITATE TO AUTOMATE Those who have talked with entrepre­ ifications. necessary safeguards tion 1915 of such Act is amended- withal for a lot of other fabricators to func­ have been taken to protect the health and CA> by striking out subsection Cc>; tion," Kuper said. welfare of individuals provided such services Dishwashers, lawn mowers, automobiles­ CB> by redesignating subsections Cd), Ce), and to assure financial accountability for and (f) as subsections . Cd), and ; and even guided missiles and space shuttles-are funds expended with respect to such serv­ assembled from parts and pieces made in ices; in subsection Cc), as so redesignated, the nation's small machine shops. "CB> The State will provide, with respect by striking out "Cother than a waiver under "That's one reason they [space vehicles] to individuals who- subsection Cc))". have problems," said Koppel. "Thousands "(i) are entitled to medical assistance for C2> Section 1902Ca>OO>CVU of such of parts and screws are all made in these skilled nursing facility or intermediate care Act is amended- little shops and no one is checking to see facility services under the State plan, by striking out "described in section that they all fit together." "(ii) may require such services, and 1915Cc>" and inserting in lieu thereof "(as But in a small shop with five to 20 em­ "Ciii> may be eligible for such home or defined in section 1905Co»"; and ployees, the owner or manager simply does community-based care, by striking out "pursuant to a waiver not have the time to investigate the avail­ for an evaluation of the need for such granted by the Secretary under section able technologies in enough detail to decide skilled nursing facility or intermediate care 1915Cc)" and inserting in lieu thereof "under which one is most appropriate to him. facility services; the State plan". Koppel, therefore, has embarked on a new (d) EFFECTIVE DATE.-The amendments project, financed by Pennsylvania's Benja­ "CC> such individuals who are determined to be likely to require the level of care pro­ made by this Act shall apply to services pro­ min Franklin Partnership, under which he vided on or after October l, 1985.e has provided free help in evaluating new vided in a skilled nursing facility or interme­ technologies to the managements of 14 ma­ diate care facility are informed of the feasi­ chine shops and seven other companies. ble alternatives, if available, at the choice of So far, seven of the 21 companies have such individuals, to the provision of skilled PROPOSED ARMS SALES been sufficiently intrigued by the results of nursing facility or intermediate care facility • Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, section the evaluation to ask Koppel for cost-bene­ services; "CD> the Federal payments under this title 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act fit analyses of the technologies he has rec­ requires that Congress receive advance ommended.• with respect to all individuals in such State who receive home or community-based serv­ notification of proposed arms sales ices are not greater than the Federal pay­ under that act in excess of $50 million S. 1277-MEDICAID HOME AND ments which would be made under this title or, in the case of major defense equip­ COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES with respect to those individuals if such ment as defined in the act, those in IMPROVEMENT ACT home and community-based alternative excess of $14 million. Upon such noti­ services were not available, taking into ac­ e Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, I in­ count the adequacy of the State's capacity fication, the Congress has 30 calendar troduced S. 1277, the Medicaid Home to meet the needs of such population as evi­ days during which the sale may be re­ and Community-Based Services Im­ denced by the increasing numbers of elderly viewed. The provision stipulates that, provement Act of 1985, on June 11, and disabled individuals at risk of requiring in the Senate, the notification of pro­ 1985. The bill was not included with long-term care, and the changes in health posed sales be sent to the chairman of my remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL care costs; and the Foreign Relations Committee. RECORD at that time. "CE> the State will provide to the Secre­ In keeping with my intention to see tary annually, consistent with a data collec­ that such information is available to I hereby ask that the text of my bill tion plan designed by the Secretary, infor­ be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL mation on the impact of such services on the full Senate, I ask to have printed RECORD. the type and amount of medical assistance in the RECORD the notification I have The text of the bill follows: provided under the State plan and on the received. s. 1277 health and welfare of recipients. The notification follows: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of "(3) A State may provide home or commu­ DEFENSE SECURITY ASSISTANCE AGENCY, Representatives of the United States of nity-based services under the State plan Washington, DC, June 14, 1985. America in Congress assembled, That this without regard to the requirements of sec­ In reply refer to I-03482/85ct. tion 1902Cl> and section 1902ClO>. Act may be cited as the "Medicaid Home Hon. RICHARD LUGAR, and Community-Based Services Improve­ "(4) The State plan may, consistent with c. paragraph <2>- Chairman, Committee on Foreign Reiations, ment Act of 1985". U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. SEC. 2. AMENDMENTS TO THE SOCIAL SECURITY " limit the individuals provided home ACT. or community-based services to individuals DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Pursuant to the re­ Ca> OPTIONAL STATE SERVICES.-Section with respect to whom the State has deter­ porting requirements of Section 3(b) of the 1905Ca> of the Social Security Act is amend­ mined that there is a reasonable expecta­ Arms Export Control Act, we are forwarding ed- tion that the amount of medical assistance herewith Transmittal No. 85-39, concerning Cl> by striking out "and" at the end of provided with respect to the individual will the Department of the Air Force's proposed paragraph Cl 7>; not exceed the amount of such medical as­ Letter of Offer to Japan for defense articles C2> by redesignating paragraph (18) as sistance provided for such individual if the and services estimated to cost $51 million. paragraph 09>; and plan did not include home or community­ Shortly after this letter is delivered to your C3> by inserting after paragraph Cl 7> the based services; and office, we plan to notify the news media. following new paragraph: "CB> provide medical assistance to individ­ Sincerely, "08) home or community-based services uals ; and". plans of care, which are subject to the ap­ Director. (b) DEFINITION.-Section 1905 of such Act proval of the State> for case management is amended by adding at the end thereof the services, homemaker /home health aide TRANSMITTAL No. 85-39 following new subsection: services and personal care services, adult Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of "Co>Cl> The term 'home or community­ day health services, rehabilitation services, Offer Pursuant to Section 36Cb> of the based services' means any home or commu­ respite care, and such other services re­ Arms Export Control Act nity-based services Cother than room and quested by the State as the Secretary may board> approved by the Secretary which are approve. of the Arms Export bursed under the State plan. maximum allowed for that purpose under Control Act. June 18, 1985 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16045 Description of articles or services of­ the continually growing importance a In the Ordinance of 1785, public lands in fered: Two C-130H aircraft with related well-educated citizenry has in our the Northwest Territory were set aside by support equipment and spare parts. future. .There are demographic Congress for the support of education. . President Abraham Lincoln signed into law Sales commission, fee, etc., paid, of­ are dramatically increasing the the Morrill Act. This historic legislation fered, or agreed to be paid: number of retirees that our younger helped build a network of federally-support­ Sensitivity of technology contained in work force will have to support. Our ed land-grant colleges that drove our agri­ the defense articles of defense services pro­ society is becoming more complex and cultural and industrial revolution. posed to be sold: the percentage of jobs requiring In the depths of the Depression, Congress Section 28 report: Included in report highly technical skills is rapidly in­ approved President Franklin Roosevelt's for quarter ending 30 June 1984. creasing. These changes intensify the work-study legislation. Needy college stu­ Date report delivered to Congress: 14 need to make more and more educa­ dents got monthly federal stipends for help­ June 1985. ing to build facilities on their campuses. tional opportunities available. And with this support they were able to POLICY JUSTIFICATION The Federal Government spends ap­ complete their education. JAPAN-C-130H AIRCRAFT proximately $10 billion annually in During World War II, when democracy The Government of Japan has requested support of Federal student financial was threatened, the nation's universities the purchase of two C-130H aircraft with assistance. It is a budget item that joined with the federal government to related support equipment and spare parts. should not be overlooked as we consid­ create the most powerful research engine The estimated cost is $51 million. er ways to control our enormous na­ the world had ever known. Japan is one of the major political and tional deficit. We must keep in mind, After that war, almost 8 million former economic powers in East Asia and the West­ however, that what we chose to cut servicemen-many of whom had hardly ern Pacific and a key partner of the United today, will be subtracted from the dreamed of higher education-went to col­ States in ensuring the peace and stability of lege supported by the federally-funded G.I. that region. It is vital to the U.S. national future capabilities and achievements Bill. They returned to civilian life with interest to assist Japan in developing and of those men and women who would minds enriched and talents sharpened. maintaining a strong and ready self-defense thus be denied higher educational op­ In 1947, Secretary of State George C. capability which will contribute to an ac­ portunities. Their individual losses add Marshall proposed what became known as ceptable military balance in the area. This up to our national detriment. the Marshall Plan to restore the war­ sale is consistent with these U.S. objectives Mr. President, I request that the scarred continent of Europe. With federal and the 1960 U.S.-Japan Treaty of Mutual Carnegie Foundation statement, "Sus­ support, university specialists went abroad Cooperation and Security. taining the Vision," be printed in its to help rebuild the devastated nations. Japan already has four C-130H aircraft in President Harry Truman, in 1949, made their inventory. These C-130H aircraft will entirety in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, "Point Four" a cornerstone of United States be used in a transport role in support of the and I urge my colleagues to take a foreign policy. Teachers and scholars trav­ Japan Self Defense Force. careful look at this excellent and eled overseas to work with laborers and The sale of this equipment and support thoughtful statement. technicians, as well as civil servants, in will not affect the basic military balance in The material follows: Third World countries. the region. In 1958, Congress, shocked by Sputnik, The prime contractor will be the Lock­ SUSTAINING THE VISION-A STATEMENT ON again turned to campuses for help. Presi­ heed Corporation of Marietta, Georgia. THE FEDERAL ROLE IN HIGHER EDUCATION dent Dwight Eisenhower's National Defense Implementation of this sale will not re­ I. A TRADITION THREATENED Education Act linked schools and colleges to quire the assignment of any additional U.S. America began with the conviction that the security of the nation. Government personnel; however, one con­ for democracy to work, education is essen­ Responding to American idealism, Presi­ tractor representative will be required in tial. Those who charted the future of this dent John F. Kennedy called for Peace Japan for one year. nation linked democracy to knowledge. Corps volunteers-mostly college students­ There will be no adverse impact on U.S. George Washington said "Knowledge is to serve in villages and classrooms overseas. defense readiness as a result of this sale.e ... the surest basis of public happiness." In the 1960s, the Higher Education Facili­ John Jay declared knowledge is "the soul of ties Act created a program of matching the Republic." And in 1778, Thomas Jeffer­ grants and loans to construct new academic HIGHER EDUCATION son drew up an education plan "to raise the buildings at both public and private higher PERSPECTIVE mass of the people to the high ground of learning institutions. e Mr. STAFFORD. Mr. President, moral respectability necessary to their own During this same decade it became an arti­ Federal support for higher education safety, and to orderly government.... " cle of faith that no qualified young person was a topic of considerable debate as In these convictions, the nation built should be denied an opportunity for a col­ public schools for universal education. Col­ lege education. In 1965, a landmark federal the Senate worked to develop an ac­ leges were established to train leaders and aid program for needy students was ceptable budget package during the serve America in peace and war. Private and launched. past few months. The upcoming reau­ state support increasingly was supplement­ The Higher Education Amendments of thorization of the Higher Education ed by federal assistance, resulting in a 1972 dramatically extended this commit­ Act will extend this examination and higher education system unequaled in the ment. The Educational Opportunity discussion throughout the 99th Con­ world. Grants-later named Pell Grants-helped gress. For several decades, support for Today the vital federal connection to our millions of young men and women to go to higher education in the Congress has colleges and universities is being challenged. college and helped keep them there once been strongly bipartisan. As chairman After decades of strong bi-partisan support, they were enrolled. the current debate about budget priorities Since 1954, the number of college and uni­ of the Senate Subcommittee on Edu­ has been focused almost exclusively on versity students in the United States has in­ cation, Arts and Humanities, I believe numbers and on the negatives of higher creased from 2.4 million to over 12 million that this bipartisan commitment to education. The larger perspective has been today. Black student enrollment has grown make postsecondary educational op­ lost. to over one million. The number of women portunities available to everyone is We hear how much education costs, not in higher education has risen from one­ vital to our Nation's future. how much it's worth. We are told that stu­ third to more than one-half of the overall The board of trustees of the Carne­ dents are exploiters, rather than tomorrow's enrollment. Now, about half of all full-time gie Foundation for the Advancement leaders. And we are reminded of the abuses, college sudents are receiving some form of of Teaching, led by the able Ernest L. not the benefits of aid to higher education. federal assistance. One is constrained to ask: Have we forgot­ While higher education today still re­ Boyer, former U.S. Commissioner of ten our history? ceives only about one-fourth of its total sup­ Education, recently issued a publica­ In 1652, the Massachusetts General Court port from Washington, a unique partner­ tion entitled "Sustaining the Vision." donated land and later authorized tax levies ship has evolved between the federal gov­ This statement artfully chronicles to support Harvard College, which had been ernment and higher education, a partner­ America's long tradition of support for established when the little colony in New ship to advance key national objectives: higher education, and reminds us of England was only 6 years old. social justice, economic growth, civic and 16046 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE June 18, 1985 cultural enrichment, and security for the planet, human prospects will be dangerously rupted without serious, perhaps irreparable nation. diminished. damage to the nation. We conclude that fed­ The country has profited enormously We conclude that twelve years of formal eral support for graduate study across the from this investment. Millions of graduates schooling will increasingly be insufficient disciplines should be expanded to sustain leave campuses each year to invigorate for our citizens. In the future, almost every­ and enrich scholarships in the nation. every vital sector: government, business, one will need some form of post-high school IV. THE NATION'S FUTURE communications, health services, science, education if they are to remain personally and the arts. It is difficult to imagine a empowered, economically productive, and Because throughout its history America strong America without a strong partner­ civically prepared. has linked democracy to knowledge, our ship with higher education. goal increasingly has been to expand the op­ III. A PARTNERSHIP REAFFIRMED portunities for both school and college edu­ II. THE PRESENT CHALLENGE We believe that the moment has come for cation. If we sustain this vision, there is no For three centuries, education has been at the historic partnership between the federal limit to what the energies of our people can the heart of our national achievements. But government and the nation's colleges to be produce. But if we distort it, we will surely the agenda is unfinished. Urgent new prior­ reaffirmed. Educational obligations are in­ breed cynicism and despair. And we will be a ities have emerged and more, not less, edu­ creasing and federal support for colleges different people from the one, in our finest cation is required. and universities must increase, too. moments, we have always believed ourselves The demography of the United States is We do not deny the need for more private to be. changing. Within ten years, the number of and state support for higher education. Nor The aim of education in our democracy is 18- to 24-years-olds will drop by 21 percent. do we deny the need to reduce the federal not only to prepare the young for work but Fewer young people will be available to do deficit and scrutinize all programs. But for to enable them to live with dignity and pur­ the nation's work. the Washington debate to focus almost ex­ pose; not only to generate new knowledge, At the same time important shifts are oc­ clusively on how much education costs is to but to channel knowledge to humane ends; curring in the nation's ethnic and racial neglect the larger question: How much of not merely to learn about our civic institu­ composition. Today, slightly more than one­ America's human resources can we afford to tions, but to shape a citizenry that can fourth of white Americans are 19 years of waste? weigh decisions wisely and promote the Further, substantial cuts in higher educa­ public good. age and under, but 40 percent of all Hispan­ tion aid have already been made. Federal ics and over one-third of all blacks are in This nation's greatest strength is not its aid to students has dropped by 17 percent in weapons but its people. Our greatest hope is this age category. Nearly half of all white just five years, adjusting for inflation. families have children under 18 years of not technology but the potential of coming We believe the Pell Grant program should generations. Education is, as it has always age. In contrast, 60 percent of all black and be strengthened by maintaining current almost 70 percent of all Hispanic families been, an investment in the future of the funding levels and indexing future funding nation. have children in this age group. to inflation. Equality of opportunity is not Black and Hispanic young people are pre­ just a remembered slogan of the past; it re­ cisely those who have been least well served mains an urgent unfinished obligation of TRUSTEES OF THE CARNEGIE FOUNDATION FOR by the education system. Almost 80 percent the future. THE .ADVANCEMENT OF TEACHING of white teenagers graduate from high We further believe the current benefits of Ernest L. Boyer, President, The Carnegie school, compared with only about 60 per­ the Guaranteed Student Loan program Foundation for the Advancement of Teach­ cent of black and 50 percent of Hispanic should be maintained. And eligibility for ing. young people. And students from these mi­ loans should be determined by the special Eugene H. Cota-Robles, Provost, Crown nority groups are also less likely to complete economic circumstances of each student, not College, University of California, Santa their college education. arbitrarily imposed. Without such loans it Cruz. If minority students continue to leave would be difficult for many low- and middle­ Lawrence A. Cremin, Frederick A.P. Bar­ school and college at the current rate, a income students to attend the college that nard, Professor of Education, Teachers Col­ shockingly large proportion of our youth would serve them best. lege, . will find it difficult, if not impossible, to re­ A budding scientist from a middle class Alonzo Crim, Superintendent of Schools, alize their full potential. If America fails home should not be denied the opportunity Atlanta. these students, the need for informed par­ of attending a high-tuition research univer­ William R. Dill, President, Babson Col­ ticipants in our complex society will go un­ sity if such an education would be most ben­ lege. fulfilled. · eficial to the student. The young person Robert H. Edwards, President, Carleton Shifts in the economy also have conse­ from a poor, inner-city family should be College. quences for American education. Since 1958, able to accept an invitation from a nonpub­ Nell P. Eurich, Senior Consultant, Acade­ the percentage of blue collar and farm lic liberal arts college, if this is where the my for Educational Development. workers has declined. And the proportion of student's talents could be most effectively Daniel J. Evans, . professional and technical workers has more developed. Norman C. Francis, President, Xavier Uni­ than doubled. New jobs are emerging. Our Further, to reduce federal loans substan­ versity. challege is to educate and reeducate citizens tially would put many private colleges at Patricia Albjerg Graham, Dean, Graduate of all ages so they remain creative and pro­ risk. A two-tiered higher education system School of Education, Harvard University. ductive. would emerge-one for the poor and an­ David W. Hornbeck, Superintendent of International competition has increased. other for the rich. The remarkable diversity Schools, Maryland. The world's 165 independent nations and 60- in American higher education would be un­ Stanley 0. Ikenberry, President, Universi­ odd political units are now interlocked. A dermined. ty of Illinois. strong dollar in the United States hurts While access to collegiate education must Leslie Koltai, Chancellor, Los Angeles Common Market countries; bad harvests in remain a high priority, the need is no less Community College District. the Soviet Union help Canadian farmers; a urgent at the level of graduate education. Walter J. Leonard, Distinguished Senior robotics breakthrough in Tokyo has an Critics decry the state of American higher Fellow, The Institute for the Study of Edu­ impact on Detroit. In the new fields of com­ education; yet the work of our academic cational Policy, Howard University. puting, artificial intelligence, biotechnology scholars and researchers is the envy of the Marigold Linton, Professor, University of and optical fibers, the race for leadership is world. In the last decade alone, Americans Utah. on. have won over two-thirds of the Nobel Mary Patterson McPherson, President, John Gardner said it well: "modern soci­ prizes for science and medicine. They domi­ Bryn Mawr College. eties run on talent." In a world dominated nate the world's scientific literature, pro­ Frank Newman, President, Education by more competitive markets and more com­ ducing over one-third of the influential Commission of the States. plicated tools, to shift resources away from scholarly science and engineering articles. Robert M. O'Neil, President, University of education would be a grave mistake. Despite these remarkable achievements, Wisconsin. But the global challenge goes far beyond federal support for academic science and en­ Alan Pifer, President Emeritus and Senior economic competition. The world has gineering research is diminishing as a per­ Consultant, Carnegie Corporation of New become a more crowded, more volatile, more centage of the total university research York. unstable place. For the first time, a genera­ budget. While graduate student stipends in Donald C. Platten, Chairman of the Exec­ tion has grown up with headlines that de­ those specialized fields have recently in­ utive Committee, Chemical Bank of New scribe ecological and nuclear threats to sur­ creased, scholarship funds for graduate stu­ York. vival. If education cannot help the coming dents in social science and humanities have Lauren B. Resnick, Co-Director, Learning generation see beyond itself and better un­ been woefully neglected. University-based Research and Development Center, Univer­ derstand the interdependent nature of our research is a tradition that cannot be inter- sity of Pittsburgh. June 18, 1985 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16047 Frank H.T. Rhodes, President, Cornell REVOLVING DOOR zation bill. Congressman BENNETT has University. EMPLOYMENT been successful in inserting revolving Adele Simmons, President, Hampshire e Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, I rise door language, applicable to DOD em­ College. today to direct the attention of the ployees-which is similar to the gov­ · Barbara Uehling, Chancellor, University Senate to a most disturbing report ernmentwide bill Senator PROXMIRE of Missouri-Columbia.e which the General Accounting Office and I have introduced-in the commit­ CGAOJ has just released on the "re­ tee version of the bill. I am very hope­ volving door" problem. I wish to thank ful these two Members and others will THE FEDERAL PESTICIDE my distinguished colleague from Dela­ gain the support of a majority of the REFORM ACT OF 1985 ware, the chairman of the Senate Gov­ House of Representatives to approve •Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, I am ernmental Affairs Committee-Sena­ meaningful reform of this kind which pleased to join as a cosponsor of S. tor ROTH-for asking the GAO to in­ is so badly needed. 1303, the Federal Pesticide Reform vestigate this matter. Finally, I want to urge my colleagues Act of 1985. This bill presents Mem­ As some of my colleagues know, I in the Senate to consider very careful­ bers of this body with an important have joined with Senator PROXMIRE in ly whether the interests of the taxpay­ opportunity-an opportunity to pro­ introducing legislation to eliminate or ers and the advancement of our na­ at least significantly reduce conflicts tional security are not suffering as a tect human health and the environ­ of interest which occur when a Gov­ result of increasing personnel trans­ ment. ernment procurement officer resigns fers. I ask them to consider how many This legislation would amend the ex­ and goes to work for the very same more billions of dollars must be wasted isting pesticides control law-known as contractor he monitored during his before we finally put an end to the FIFRA-before the shortcomings and Federal service. The GAO in its "revolving door." loopholes in that law become front report, entitled "Extent of Compliance I ask my colleagues to take action­ page material. Sadly, it took stories With DOD's Requirement To Report swift and decisive action-to slam shut like Love Canal in New York, the Defense Related Employment," dem­ the revolving door.e Valley of the Drums in Kentucky, and onstrates very ably that this situation the Picillo Dump in my own State of is out of control. In fact, the law on Rhode Island before legislation was the books today, 10 U.S.C. 2397, con­ UNCONTROLLED EXPORTS TO enacted to address the sins of the past tains a reporting requirement for cer­ THE SOVIETS regarding hazardous wastes. The stage tain DOD employees who go to work •Mr. GARN. Mr. President, last is now set for similar stories stemming for contractors. This is routinely being week, the Washington Times pub­ ignored according to the report. GAO lished the story of 35 tons of un­ from the use and abuse of pesticides. has determined approximately 70 per­ Members of the Committee on Envi­ known, uninspected goods that were cent of those employees who were re­ shipped out of the United States di­ ronment and Public Works are all too quired to file reports on post-Govern­ familiar with the telltale signs of trou­ rectly to the Soviet Union. Is this an­ ment employment failed to do so in other case of espionage? Is this just ble on the horizon. Already we are be­ fiscal year 1983. It might be expected ginning to see evidence of pesticide that some failure to comply with such one more incident of Soviet officials contamination in some of our rivers a reporting requirement would occur, clandestinely making off with U.S. and in ground water areas that supply but 70 percent is shocking and unac­ goods? drinking water. And with increasing ceptable. What is most ironic-and baffling­ frequency, we are discovering pesticide Mr. President, although this study about this episode is that this totally does not tell Congress how many Gov­ uncontrolled trans!er was made not contamination at Superfund sites. only with the knowledge but with the We have taken great strides under ernment employees have done less than their best for the Government in second-mile help of the State Depart­ the Clean Water Act to make rivers ment, particularly its Soviet Affairs that had become industrial sewers order to receive consideration for post­ Government employment, it does dem­ Office. Ostensibly, this was a ship­ fishable and swimmable once again. onstrate the weakness and ineffective­ ment, 35 tons, of personal effects, but These accomplishments are threat­ ness of simple reporting requirements. no inspection was made of the cargo. ened, however, by improper and inad­ To a large degree they are unenforce­ Deviating from usual practice, State equate regulation of pesticides. able and there!ore meaningless. This failed to order a Customs inspection of Evidence that something is seriously is exactly why Senator PROXMIRE and the shipment. wrong with the existing FIFRA pro­ I have introduced legislation to stop It is incredible, Mr. President, that gram is accumulating daily, and our Government procurement employees while law-abiding U.S. exporters are colleagues in the House have already from going to work for these contrac­ patiently waiting to get permission heard about the shortcomings of the tors for at least 3 years after they ex­ from the Government, in compliance existing law from EPA officials and ercised responsibility for that contrac­ with our export control laws, to ship others. The time to act is now. tor's business with the Federal Gov­ their exports, the State Department is ernment. Senator PROXMIRE and I bending over backwards to help the Too often, we respond to known haz­ Soviets to ship out 35 tons of so-called ards only after their consequences remain unconvinced that simple re­ porting requirements-even with personal effects without even so much have become widespread, and we pay a as inspecting what was in the boxes. high price for doing so. Here we have tougher penalties-will solve this prob­ lem. In the fall of 1983, our authorities an opportunity to review and reform Our bill, S. 1165, is not pending in were congratulating themselves over our pesticide law, before its flaws lead the Governmental Affairs Committee. the biggest disrupted technology to large-scale environmental problems I hope hearings will take place soon, transfer attempt in history, where ap­ that Congress will have to deal with and I am especially eager to work with proximately 35 tons of sensitive equip­ several years down the road. Chairman ROTH on this matter within ment were stopped on their way to the As a member of the Environment his committee's jurisdiction. Soviet Union. Now we have the State and Public Works Committee, I urge I believe it is important to note that Department facilitating a shipment of the Senate to seize this opportunity Congresswoman BARBARA BOXER and that magnitude with nothing more for preventative action. To do other­ Congressman CHARLES BENNETT are than the Soviets' word that it is per­ wise would be a dangerous and costly working hard on this very issue as the sonal effects. What is going on? mistake that we can ill afford.e House prepares to consider its version Even if we assume, Mr. President­ of the Department of Defense authori- and this is an assumption counter to 16048 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE June 18, 1985 everything we know about Soviet be­ in this case and "was not involved in any de­ The truck rentals were arranged by the havior and intentions-that the Sovi­ cision one way or another." Soviet Embassy on the special approval of ets truly sent bona fide personal ef­ The State Department response appears the State Department Soviet Desk, despite fects, all 35 tons worth, the shipment to conflict with the Customs Service's ac­ vehicle rental restrictions outlined in the count. Chris Fraser, a Customs spokesman, Foreign Missions Act of 1982, one document is still outrageous. For while the State said, "The State Department decided not to states. The act states that only the OFM's Department is taking the Soviets by have the vessel inspected." Travel Service Bureau can facilitate vehicle the hand and making life wonderful U.S. officials said they did not know what rentals for foreign embassies. for their embassy staff here-so many was contained in the cargo that left the Documents reveal that on May 28 the of whom work for Soviet intelligence country June 2 without diplomatic protec­ Soviet Embassy in Washingtron submitted a services-the Soviets have been tion. formal request to the Soviet Desk at State making life difficult for our Embassy A Soviet Embassy spokesman said the con­ for permission to rent 13 trucks in the tainers held "personal belongings" and de­ Washington area and three trucks in the staff in the Soviet Union. As recently scribed the ship as a "passenger ship." as May 17, 14 boxes of household A State Department official described the New York area to transport goods to Balti­ large shipment as part of a reciprocal agree­ more. The request was granted "without goods of U.S. diplomats were refused prior coordination and without even notify­ clearance to be shipped out of the ment ostensibly involving the transfer of ing the OFM" the documents state. Soviet Union. Our Ambassador report­ personal effects, but which actually pro­ vides U.S. goods to overseas Soviet person­ According to the documents, the OFM's ed that such restrictions cause major nel as "perks." director of travel services, Kathleen Ander­ hardship for our people there. In response to questions about the possi­ son, "was unable to make contact with the Mr. President, the Senate hopes to ble transfer of illegal high technology ex­ State Department Soviet Desk to alter the be going to conference soon with the ports to the Soviet Union, the official con­ situation." Ms. Anderson could not be House of Representatives on legisla­ ceded: "There are loopholes Cin law] that reached for comment, but a spokesman for tion to strengthen our national securi­ are very difficult to plug." the OFM had no comment on the incident. ty export control laws. One provision One document by a U.S. Government offi­ "For some unknown reason," one docu­ cial charges that State Department officials ment states, "this information was not pro­ of that legislation would authorize "went out of their way to facilitate Soviet vided to the Washington field office of the controlling sales of high technology to efforts to ship out of this country 35 tons of FBI, who Csicl has the responsibility for the embassies of the Soviet bloc coun­ unknown goods without any inspection or monitoring Soviet activities in the Washing­ tries. The fact that there are no such observance of packing and loading." ton, D.C. area." controls now is one of the reasons why "At no time were any of the goods inspect­ Under U.S. law, Soviet Embassy personnel this uncontrolled shipment is so trou­ ed by customs nor was there a customs in­ are now allowed to rent vehicles without ob­ blesome. But I wonder how effective spector present at any time during the load­ taining a waiver first from the State Depart­ any legislation is going to be if the ing," one document states. ment. Additionally, the Foreign Missions The document also alleged that "The Act of 1982 requires that a section of the State Department is going to act, wit­ CSovietl Desk chose not to direct any cus­ Office of Foreign Missions, the Travel Serv­ tingly or not, as an agent to facilitate toms inspection of the Soviet shipment." ice Bureau, handle all vehicle rentals for Soviet transfers out of the United The uninspected departure contrasts foreign embassies. States. sharply with reports of Soviet harassment The documents charge that while the I ask that the article from the June of U.S. personnel in Moscow last month. Soviet desk is not required to inform the 14, 1985, edition of the Washington Fourteen boxes of "household goods" be­ OFM when it grants a waiver on embassy Times be printed in the RECORD at this longing to American Embassy personnel vehicle rentals, the movement of large were refused clearance May 17, according to amounts of cargo and embassy employees point. a confidential State Department cable. The article follows: "obviously requires some coordination be­ The cable, signed by U.S. Ambassador tween the State Department Soviet Desk CFrom the Washington Times, June 14, Arthur Hartman, states that a new Soviet and the OFM." 1985] customs restriction was imposed recently in "There was a breakdown within OFM STATE CLOSES EYES TO SOVIET EMBASSY a move that "represents a considerable caused by a lack of cooperation from the CARGO burden for the embassy and especially the Soviet Desk at State," a report on the inci­ departing employee." dent states. "The result is that none of the "If they Cthe Soviets] begin to delay ship­ organizations that needed the information The State Department allowed a 35-ton ments or confiscate items arbitrarily, we shipment of Soviet goods to leave this coun­ had knowledge of specific Soviet plans," the could also retaliate on a one-for-one basis," report said. try two weeks ago without requiring any Mr. Hartman said in the May 30 cable. customs inspection, according to confiden­ One document reveals that the OFM was If the OFM had arranged the rentals, tial U.S. government documents. not informed of the May 30 cargo transfer they would have supplied "appropriately An internal account of events leading up until the day it was moved by a convoy of qualified drivers," a document states.e to the shipment and interviews with U.S. of­ trucks from New York and Washington to a ficials reveal that a last-minute attempt to Soviet ship docked in Baltimore harbor. conduct a search was called off, and stand­ The OFM tried to order a last-minute cus­ TRIBUTE TO ARKANSAS STATE ard procedures covering the transfer of for­ toms inspection, but the goods already had SENATOR VADA SHEID eign embassy goods were not followed. been loaded onto the Soviet ship. One of the • Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, my In this case, according to documents ob­ documents reported that "no attempt was tained by The Washington Times, the State . made to force the Soviets to download the longtime friend and colleague Senator Department Soviet Affairs Office failed to ship for purposes of inspection" at that Vada Sheid of Mountain Home, AR, order a Customs Service inspection of the time. The ship, the Oruzia, left Baltimore has retired from the State senate after unspecified cargo during a recent rotation harbor June 2 for the U.S.S.R. with the years of service to the people of her of Soviet Embassy personnel. cargo and close to 300 Soviet passengers. district in the northern part of the That office also did not notify the State The OFM request was made through State. On June 21 the Democrats of Department agency that handles foreign project EXODUS, the Customs Service pro­ Baxter County, her home, will recog­ embassy affairs, the Office of Foreign Mis­ gram aimed at halting shipments of illegal nize the dedication she has given sions COFMl, or the FBI, the U.S. Customs technology to the Eastern bloc. Service and other counterintelligence agen­ Customs officials can inspect nondiplo­ them. cies, the documents charge. matic goods leaving the country, the docu­ Vada Sheid was born in Wideman, State Department Press Officer Donna ments state, but "do not do so unless direct­ not far from Norfork Lake in the Ar­ Gigliotti, in a statement issued Tuesday, dis­ ed by the State Department Soviet Desk." kansas Ozarks. In this beautiful area missed the allegations as "false" and said After being informed that no customs in­ of the State, she has known the people the cargo was unloaded from trucks "in the spection was ordered, OFM, "independent and land as if they belonged personal­ presence of a Customs official." She said of the Soviet desk," ordered an inspection "all appropriate offices and agencies were "through project EXODUS," one document ly to her. During her time in the fully informed." states. Customs officials have claimed that senate she devoted countless hours to Another official at the Soviet Desk, while the EXODUS program has halted close to a taking care of her constituents with acknowledging problems in the procedures, quarter of a billion dollars worth of illegal the same attention a mother would said his office was not contacted by Customs technology exports. give her children. June 18, 1985 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16049 She was rewarded with a remarkably ism and alcohol related diseases, inju­ S. 1298 also establishes emergency success!ul career as an elected official. ries, and death. It is clearly the most shelters to house Indian juveniles ar­ First she served as county treasurer pervasive health and social problem rested for an offense related to alcohol for three full terms. Then she was facing Indians today. Larry Miike of and drugs. In addition, rehabilitation elected to the State House of Repre­ the Office of Technology Assessment programs for juvenile alcohol and sentatives in 1967, where she was re­ testified: drug abusers are to be established elected to four additional terms. Final­ The need for such multiple approaches with such funds as may be necessary ly, she went to the State senate in (outside the medical area> to the prevention to carry out the provisions of the act. 1977. and control of alcohol abuse makes the I believe that with this legislation There is one project, Mr. President, impact of any single program, however and the important self-help activities that will always bear Senator Sheid's broad, difficult to assess, but it is clear that underway in the Indian community, name, and that is the bridge that a simple medical approach is insufficient we are heading in the right direction. spans Lake Norfork in Baxter County. and comes too late for most alcoholics. This legislation has my wholehearted For years this was Vada's pet project, As a result of this, other testimony, support. Alcohol and drug abuse and its necessity to the people of her and my firsthand experiences with among Indian kids undoubtedly is the district was voiced time and again by several Indian communities, I am con­ major problem, but while we are con­ the senator. She was a fearless advo­ vinced that intervention and preven­ cerned with deterring this type of be­ cate, and eventually it was built and tion are the key and must begin at the havior we must not neglect other as­ dedicated. Certainly it stands today as youngest ages possible. pects of improved health, which re­ testimony to her tireless efforts on The Indian community is not un­ quires a comphehensive approach. behalf of north Arkansas. aware of this problem and its impact. Therefore, at the same time Indian During my tenure as Governor, I re­ Gilbert Pena, chairman of the All children are learning of the harmful member countless times when Senator Indian Pueblo Council, which includes effects of alcohol and drugs, they Sheid would call me on the phone 18 Pueblos in New Mexico, explained should also be learning what makes with requests for services to her con­ in his testimony: them healthy and what they can do stituents. I always knew that whatever The most obvious and vicious threat to toward that end. Good nutrition, phys­ she asked had better be followed the lives and well-being of our Pueblo ical exercise, immunizations, reduction through right away-whether it was a people is the damage brought on by alcohol­ of smoking, control of sexually trans­ needed fire inspection, or a student ism related destruction. Alcohol is a contrib­ mittable diseases, are only a few of the loan for some young person going to uting factor in most of the motor vehicle ac­ life style changes that can be made, college, or a letter to a friend of hers cidents in our communities. Many of the and should not be neglected. As we celebrating a birthday. I knew that costly hospital admissions are in some way consider this problem and this legisla­ connected with alcohol abuse. tion we must also begin to address she would come back for a follow-up. However, in terms of the substantial cost Vada never forgot a thing. of primary care and the strain on this na­ health promotion and disease preven­ That is why, Mr. President, it is fit­ tion's budget, economic cost is really noth­ tion on a larger scale for all our citi­ ting and appropriate that the people ing compared to the social cost to the Tribe. zens. With self-help we can improve of Vada Sheid's district are not forget­ An extremely important part of the Indian individual lives and contribute to a ting her. June 21 is a special day in Ar­ culture and tradition lies in the sharing of healthier, happier nation. kansas for that very reason. I join her experience and wisdom between the elders In closing, Mr. President, I would friends in Baxter County in celebrat­ and the young people. Given the tragic like to submit for the RECORD, an edi­ ing a remarkable career in Arkansas rates of accidents and death among the torial that appeared in the Navajo younger age groups it is easy to see how the politics. I would even call it an unpar­ social order is severely impacted. Many Times Today, on June 4, 1985, written alleled career, Mr. President. Vada promising young Indian leaders are now a by Editor Mark N. Trahant. It declares Sheid is someone whose political part of the statistics. alcoholism a "war"-not a "problem." career and experience I commend to With the introduction of the Indian my colleagues with honor and pride.e Although the statistics paint a grim Alcohol and Drug Abuse Act, we in picture, some important attempts are Congress, will signal our intention to being made to educate Indian youth to "win this war." INDIAN JUVENILE ALCOHOL AND the dangers of alcohol and drug abuse. DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION In northern New Mexico, Tom Lujan, The editorial follows: ACT-S. 1298 director of social services for the Eight STOP THE KILLING e Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I Northern Indian Pueblos Council has Conroy Chino, an Albuquerque TV report­ an innovative and proven program di­ er, was absolutely right when he told Ft. am very pleased to join as an original Wingate graduates about the incredible cosponsor of the Indian Juvenile Alco­ rected to Indian youth. Tom teaches waste of Indian talent. hol and Drug Abuse Prevention Act, S. the children native dances and helps This weekend another young, talented 1298. I commend the leadership of my them identify with their cultural her­ Indian was killed in a car accident. This ac­ colleague from North Dakota, Senator itage. This in tum has helped them cident, for us at the Navajo Times Today, MARK ANDREWS, for introducing this develop a positive self concept as was different because the young man who necessary piece of legislation. young adults. Such efforts need to be died worked with us every day. Less than 2 weeks ago, I heard a continued, but the battle is lost if we Yet every weekend, maybe every day, an­ approach the task in a piecemeal fash­ other Indian person, often a young Indian field hearing in Gallup, NM, on S. 400, person, is a casualty of the "alcohol prob­ the Indian Health Promotion and Dis­ ion. lem." ease Prevention Act of 1985, a bill I in­ The most logical place for a preven­ Alcoholism no longer a "problem." It's a troduced. S. 400 establishes a health tion program would be in the schools, war, and one that Indian people are losing. promotion and disease prevention since this is where students are in a Look at the casualty rates: four of the top service within the Indian Health Serv­ teaching environment. This bill au­ 10 killers of Indian people are alcohol-relat­ ice. Included in the bill's definition of thorizes the Bureau of Indian Affairs ed. More than half of all Indians born today health promotion is the reduction of to enter into agreements with the are unlikely to reach middle age. Indian Health Service to provide in­ This is a war with victims. It isn't just a alcohol and drug abuse. Consequently, metaphor. It has blood, guts and an insidi­ testimony from the witnesses included struction regarding alcohol and drug ous enemy. Fewer Indians have died in discussion of the alcohol abuse epi­ abuse to students in kindergarten and Korea, Vietnam or two world wars than demic in Indian country. grades 1 through 12. BIA and IHS per­ have died because of alcohol. The hearing testimony revealed sonnel are also trained in alcohol and This war has casualties. This war has hor­ many health problems, but the No. 1 drug abuse instruction as well as crisis rors. And this war, it seems, has never had a problem remained the same-alcohol- intervention and family relations. cease fire-not even for a few minutes. 16050 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE June 18, 1985 The road to Gallup is all too often a road riously vulnerable to an argument by the proves only a lack of intelligence and pru­ to death. It's just taken for granted. Sure, President that "national security" demands dence in national leadership. Whether this we are all saddened when somebody dies. a particular weapon. When Mr. Reagan condition will frighten the Russians into a But what are we doing to change things? linked MX as a "bargaining chip" in the compliant mood is yet to be demonstrated. Very, very little. Geneva negotiations, the old pattern of Both budget economy and national securi­ There's not just sadness, either, There's arms racing under the guise of arms reduc­ ty demand less, not more, nuclear weapons. also anger. So we ask when are things going tions again proved successful. Each side now knows that the "nuclear to change? When are roads going to be im­ President Reagan and his Secretary of De­ winter" scenario, first presented by Carl proved? When are people going to learn not fense Caspar Weinberger, have presided Sagan and Paul Ehrlich, is essentially cor­ to drive drunk? over the greatest expenditure on military rect. That is, the detonation over the cities Remember the new, wide highway 264 weaponry in the history of this country. Si­ of the Northern hemisphere of a small frac­ promised? It's still not here, and people still multaneously and directly related, they tion of the nuclear weapons possessed by die. Remember the tribe's new alcohol have caused a greater increase in the na­ either side would produce such a cloud of policy and the reservation-wide hearings? tional debt than that of any other adminis­ heavy radioactive debris into the atmos­ They happened and a policy is probably tration, without either war or depression to phere that the sun's light would disappear. being drafted, and people still die. combat. Temparatures would plummet. Much of the The tragedy goes on and on. Young "National security" is a term completely world would freeze in a dark night of people, middle-aged people and old people debased in this administration. National se­ months of winter. Photosynthesis would die because alcohol is a rotten thread that curity must entail an economy not artificial­ cease. The chain of life would be sundered touches every fabric of society here. ly fueled by foreign investment when our at countless points. The continuation of life When does the killing stop?-M.N.T.e balance of trade has now made us a debtor on the planet could not be assured. nation for the first time since 1914. National This struggle is not fundamentally about security must include educational opportu­ MX. If MX funding had been denied and BEYOND MX nity for a middle class that supports the that misbeggotten system ended, we would e Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, my largest part of our country's expenses, by still face scores of times overkill in the nu­ providing student loans. National mass tran­ clear arsenals of the two superpowers. Our good friend and former colleague from sit should be accomplished during these few goal is and always has been to remove the the great State of Utah, Ted Moss, re­ years when a temporary oil glut will allow threat of nuclear annihilation from the cently brought to my attention what our society a breathing space for great world. We must continue our efforts, what­ he felt was an insightful and thought­ change in our means of energy and trans­ ever political party controls the White provoking article. It is a privilege to portation. National security must not allow House or Congress, to reduce and finally ask that it be printed in the RECORD. American farmers to be dispossessed and eliminate nuclear weapons, and resolve dis­ The article was written by Prof. Edwin more farms foreclosed than at any time putes by peaceful means. We face three B. Firmage, who is a member of the since the Great Depression. National securi­ short-term objectives and one long-range ty cannot tolerate the destruction of this goal essential to a continuation of human faculty of the University of Utah Col­ nation's heavy industry and mining indus­ society. lege of Law, and offers an analysis of try. National security must include a mone­ On the short-term, we must first end the the justification for the MX Missile tary policy not insuring a rise in interest quantitative by providing invulnerability even comes the basic document which largely de­ nations not now possessing them, must though each side's accuracy was improving termines the parameters of debate and com­ cease. If we do not bring this spreading in­ enough to permit the targeting of weapons promise between competing factions in gov­ fection to a halt, we will soon face a world rather than cities. When this proved politi­ ernment. As long as this President is com­ with 20 or 30 nuclear-weapon states. Terror­ cally and technically false, a theory of mitted to an enormous and unnecessary ist groups also will finally obtain nuclear "fighting and winning" a nuclear war came arms race with the Soviet Union, funded by weapons. Then nuclear war by accident, in with the Reagan administration. A "hard massive deficit spending, real national secu­ miscalculation, insanity or design will target kill" capacity for MX was tauted, rity, based upon a strong national economy simply be a matter of time. This goal can which amounted to a strategy of the first without the threat of recession, inflation, only be accomplished when the major nucle­ use of nuclear weapons . When during the first two years of imbalance, will not be possible. unnatural superiority over non-nuclear the Reagan administration, the candid ex­ Mr. Reagan has approximately 30,000 nu­ states by the continual development of nu­ pression of this concept of building nuclear clear warheads as bargaining chips at clear weaponry. Only from such a position weapons for use in war rather than deter­ Geneva, without MX. The Soviets have of legal and ethical behavior ourselves could rence from war produced a healthy fear of larger but fewer and less accurate rough the present nuclear states demand and then such insanity and world-wide reaction equivalents. MX, rather than giving us in­ enforce abstinance from other states. The against this policy, pressure increasingly creased leverage at Geneva, will simply true drunk cannot preach the virtues of ab­ was put upon the administration, both from produce a reaction by the Soviets toward stinance with credibility. our allies abroad and from our own voters, further increases in their own strategic But finally we face a greater challenge to enter into arms control negotiations. This weaponry. We will simply each bargain from which surpasses even these enormous chal­ administration was pulled and pushed, a position of both sides possessing even lenges to politics and diplomacy. Even if we seemingly against its will, into the arms con­ more weapons which, somehow, each side could by some magnificent flowering of trol talks at Geneva. must ultimately dispose of. Funding MX international diplomacy somehow match Significant majorities in both houses of does not, as this administration maintains, the creativity of our Founding Fathers who Congress had by this time become convinced demonstrate strong national resolve, nation­ gave us the American Constitution, and that MX was a weapon without a justifiable al consensus. Continued deployment of a eliminate all nuclear weapons from the purpose. But members of Congress are noto- weapon without purpose, at great cost, earth, the quest would not be over. For each June 18, 1985 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16051 generation from this moment on must make tive STEPHEN J. SOLARZ, on why the end up in the hands of Pol Pot and his mur­ the decision for itself whether to develop, United States should provide assist­ derous forces. It would, indeed, be unthink­ deploy and eventually to use such weapons. ance to the non-Communist resistance able for any American assistance to go to The knowledge of nuclear weaponry is for­ the Khmer Rouge. Yet with three separate ever out of the bottle. We can never again movement in Cambodia. Representa­ resistance movements operating in three return in innocence to a pre-nuclear Eden. tive SOLARZ makes a most persuasive different areas, procedures can surely be We must somehow raise our consciousness, case that such assistance would be in adopted to prevent the diversion of our as­ become aware that we as human beings the best interests of the United States. sistance. have profoundly so much in common with Such aid would demonstrate our com­ Others have expressed the concern that each other that our real differences are mitment to freedom in Cambodia U.S. aid would eventually lead to the re­ minuscule by comparison. We must learn to while ensuring that the nations of the introduction of American combat forces into see each other as basically indistinguishable Southeast Asia. Yet it is precisely because from ourselves. We must not externalize Association of Southeast Asian Na­ tions continue to play the primary role of our previous involvement in Indochina evil. As we would not dismember ourselves that there is no possibility limited amounts we must not injure each other. Love of in this effort. of U.S. aid would lead to the re-involvement neighbor as oneself has been a concept cen­ Mr. President, I commend the article of American troops. tral to the world's great religions and enemy by Representative SOLARZ to my col­ Critics have also contended that $5 mil­ love has been at the heart of the greatest leagues, and ask that it be printed in lion would not make a difference in Cambo­ teachings ever given. The ultimate wisdom, full in the RECORD. dia. Yet $5 million represents roughly 30 even necessity of such a vision should now The article follows: percent of what would be required for a sig­ be apparent to all who care about this CFrom , May 7, 19851 nificant and feasible expansion of the demo­ \. planet and the life that exists upon it.e cratic resistance over the next year. An HELP THE DEMOCRATIC RESISTANCE American contribution in this amount (By Stephen J. Solarz> SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY would demonstrate our commitment to The United States has two overriding ob­ Cambodia's freedom while ensuring that the COLLECTION OF THE UNIVER­ jectives in Cambodia. One is to secure the countries of the Association of Southeast SITY OF ARKANSAS EXHIBIT­ withdrawal of Vietnam, thereby permitting Asian Nations continue to play the primary ED AT THE NATIONAL GAL­ the Cambodian people to determine their role in this effort. It would also heighten LERY OF ART own destiny and reducing the Vietnamese the morale of the democratic resistance in • Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, I am threat to Thailand. The other is to prevent the wake of the recent Vietnamese offensive very proud of a project sponsored by the return of the Khmer Rouge, thereby and encourage the ASEAN countries to con­ saving the Cambodian people from the mur­ tinue their support. the University of Arkansas at Fayette­ derous rule of Pol Pot. American aid for Cambodia's democratic ville and the participation of its Both of these objectives require a stronger resistance would not justify, as some fear, a museum in an exhibition currently at noncommunist resistance movement. The resumption of our assistance to the contras the National Gallery of Art here in continued presence of 50,000 Vietnamese in Nicaragua. There are significant differ­ Washington. Nine priceless treasures troops in Laos, despite the absence of any ences between these two conflicts. In Cam­ from the university's southeastern ar­ genuine resistance movement in that coun­ bodia, as in Afghanistan, an indigenous re­ chaeology collection are included in try, makes it clear that the 170,000 Viet­ sistance movement is fighting to achieve the the ancient art of the American wood­ namese troops in Cambodia will leave only withdrawal of a foreign army of occupation, if significant political and military pressure and virtually all of our friends in the region land Indians exhibition and will later is mounted against them. And if Vietnam have welcomed the possibility of U.S. assist­ tour other major museums through­ does withdraw from Cambodia, a militarily ance to the noncommunist forces. In Nicara­ out the country. viable noncommunist resistance will be es­ gua, the contras are attempting to over­ Included from Arkansas are ceramic sential to prevent Pol Pot from returning to throw an internationally recognized govern­ jars, effigy vessels, and other orna­ power. ment, and most countries in the region are ments that demonstrate life in prehis­ For these reasons, the House Foreign Af­ opposed to U.S. involvement in what is es­ toric North America from about 3000 fairs Committee, with overwhelming biparti­ sentially a civil war. B.C. to A.O. 1600. They are specifically san support, recently voted to provide $5 What is at stake in Cambodia is the fate related to an environmental realm million in military assistance to the two not just of a country but of a civilization. noncommunist resistance forces in Cambo­ The Vietnamese are already colonizing known as the woodlands, a region en­ dia. Cambodia with hundreds of thousands of compassing the greater Mississippi Opponents of this initiative contend that Vietnamese "settlers." They have begun to Basin east to the eastern coastal plain, the Cambodians will never be able to drive "Vietnamize" not just the countryside but and from the Great Lakes south to the the Vietnamese out, and that our aid will the culture of Cambodia. Gulf of Mexico. only increase the suffering of the Cambodi­ So long as the Cambodian people them­ These objects were selected by some an people. There is, to be sure, no way the selves are willing to resist, we have a politi­ of the world's foremost archaeologists resistance movement can force the more cal and moral interest in helping them. By and art historians as those that best powerful Vietnamese out of Cambodia. But refusing to aid those courageous Cambodi­ the resistance movement could make the Vi­ ans who are fighting for democracy and communicate a social and esthetic sig­ etnamese occupation so costly that Hanoi self-determination, we would be legitimizing nificance. We are proud that these ar­ would be willing to withdraw its troops as the Vietnamese occupation at best and fa­ tifacts have been selected, in addition, part of a political settlement. In the past cilitating the return of the Khmer Rouge at because they demonstrate the impor­ few years, the noncommunist resistance worst. Surely the Cambodian people deserve tance of the museum at the University forces have increased from several hundred better than that.e of Arkansas and the contribution it to more than 20,000 armed men, and as Wil­ continues to make to the State and its liam Branigin pointed out recently in The Post, Cambodia is becoming Vietnam's ORDERS FOR WEDNESDAY people. "Vietnam." I congratulate the faculty and staff With additional supplies and support, the ORDER FOR RECESS UNTIL 9:30 A.M. at Fayetteville for the work they have noncommunist forces could substantially in­ Mr. McCLURE. Mr. President, I ask done in this important exhibition, and crease the number of their men under arms unanimous consent that once the for the time and effort they spend on and thus intensify the pressure on Vietnam Senate completes its business today it behalf of their students. I also com­ to negotiate a settlement. For America to stand in recess until the hour of 9:30 mend this exhibition to my colleagues refrain from assisting the forces of freedom in Cambodia would not end the resistance, a.m. on Wednesday, June 19, 1985. in the Senate.e but only diminish its prospects for success. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is It is not up to us to decide whether the there objection? Without objection, it CAN WE SAVE CAMBODIA? Cambodian people will carry on their strug­ is so ordered. gle for freedom and independence. The only e Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, on question we face is whether to aid them in ORDER FOR RECOGNITION OF CERTAIN SENATORS May 7, 1985 the Washington Post pub­ that effort. Mr. McCLURE. Mr. President, I ask lished an essay by my good friend and Some have argued against American as­ unanimous consent that, following the colleague from New York, Representa- sistance on the grounds that U.S. aid might two leaders under the standing order, 16052 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE June 18, 1985 there be special orders in favor of the 12 o'clock noon for all Senators to not including the last paragraph; with­ following Senators for not to exceed attend a briefing dealing with the hos­ out objection, it is so ordered. 15 minutes each: Senators HATFIELD, tage situation in Beirut. Mr. BYRD. I thank the Chair. PROXMIRE, BYRD, CRANSTON, INOUYE, When the Senate reconvenes at 12 Mr. McCLURE. I thank the distin­ and MOYNIHAN. o'clock noon, it will be the intention of guished minority leader, and I thank The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ the majority leader to turn to any or the Chair. out objection, it is so ordered. all of the following items: S. 408, small ORDERS FOR ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS AND business; S. 49, the gun bill; S. 990, RECESS BETWEEN 11 A.M. AND 12 NOON NOAA oceans; H.R. 2577, the supple­ RECESS UNTIL 9:30 A.M. Mr. McCLURE. Mr. President, I ask mental; or H.R. 47, the coin bill. TOMORROW unanimous consent that, following the Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, reserving Mr. McCLURE. Mr. President, I special orders just identified, there be the right to object, I am sure the dis­ know of no further business to come a period for the transaction of routine tinguished acting Republican leader before the Senate. morning business, if time permits, not did not intend that the fifth para­ Therefore, I move, in accordance to extend beyond the hour of 11 a.m., graph which he read would be a part with the order just entered, that the with statements therein limited to 5 of the unanimous-consent request. Senate stand in recess until 9:30 a.m. minutes each. Mr. McCLURE. No; it is just an iden­ tomorrow. Following routine morning business, tification of the possible intention. Thereupon, at 6:08 p.m., the Senate at 11 a.m., I ask unanimous consent The PRESIDING OFFICER. The recessed until tomorrow, Wednesday, that the Senate stand in recess until unanimous-consent request as stated, June 19, 1985, at 9:30 a.m.