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Qitianniu Zhihaoi Gen. Et Sp. Nov.: the First Cerambycid Beetle Found In

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Qitianniu Zhihaoi Gen. Et Sp. Nov.: the First Cerambycid Beetle Found In Cretaceous Research 75 (2017) 173e178 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes Short communication Qitianniu zhihaoi gen. et sp. nov.: The first cerambycid beetle found in Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) * Mei-Ying Lin, Ming Bai Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing, 100101, China article info abstract Article history: A new cerambycid beetle (Qitianniu zhihaoi gen. et. sp. nov.) is described on the basis of a single specimen Received 20 December 2016 embedded in Cretaceous Burmese amber (ca. 99 Ma). Unusual characteristics are hairy antennae and Accepted in revised form 31 March 2017 large lateral eyes, a pronotum with lateral margin, and sinuate protibiae. Based on a phylogenetic Available online 4 April 2017 analysis, the systematic position of Qitianniu is still uncertain and we provisionally place it as Ceram- bycidae incertae sedis. Keywords: © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Cerambycidae Qitianniu Burmese amber New genus 1. Introduction Ma (earliest Cenomanian) (Shi et al., 2012). The mining locality was at Noije Bum, near Tanai Village (2621033.4100N, 9643011.8800E) Longicorn beetles, including Cerambycidae, Disteniidae, Ves- (Grimaldi et al., 2002; Cruickshank and Ko, 2003, fig. 2; Jałoszynski peridae and Oxypeltidae, are rare in Mesozoic deposits, although et al., 2017, fig. 1), where many important materials were found some taxa have been described as Chrysomeloidea (Yu et al., 2015). including vertebrates and invertebrates (Boucher et al., 2016; To date, only two fossils have been reported, both from the Creta- Oliveira et al., 2016; Xing et al., 2016a, 2016b; Bai et al., 2016a, ceous. One is Cretoprionus liutiaogouensis, from the Lower Creta- 2016b, 2017). These deposits were investigated and dated in detail ceous (ca. 124e122.5 Ma) Yixian Formation of Inner Mongolia, by Cruickshank and Ko (2003) and by Shi et al. (2012). We tentatively China. Its placement in the subfamily Prioninae is relatively well followed the age (98.8 ± 0.6 Ma) determined by UePb dating of supported (Wang et al., 2014). The second is Sinopraecipuus bilo- zircons from the volcaniclastic matrix of the amber (Shi et al., 2012). batus, from the Lower Cretaceous (approximately 122 Ma) lacus- The type specimen is currently housed in and will eventually be trine deposits of the Yixian Formation in western Liaoning, China, deposited at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences whose familial affiliation is less clear but has been treated as (IZAS), the curatorial museum number is IZAS-COL-CERA20160001, Cerambycidae incertae sedis (Yu et al., 2015). Until now, however, no and the specimen will be available for study upon request to cur- Cretaceous Burmese amber species of Cerambycidae have been rent owner, Mr. Zhi-Hao Qi ([email protected]), and the described. In this study, we describe a new extinct beetle species of curators, Dr. Mei-Ying Lin ([email protected]) or Dr. Ming Bai Cerambycidae incertae sedis from the Cretaceous Burmese amber ([email protected]), from Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of deposits in the Hukawng Valley of Myanmar. Sciences. The piece of amber containing the specimens was ground and 2. Material and methods polished and examined with a LEICA MZ 12.5 dissecting microscope with a drawing tube attachment. Specimen macrophotography was 2.1. Material and photography conducted using a Visionary Digital photography station, consisting of a Canon EOS 5D DSLR camera equipped with a Canon MP-E A single specimen was found in amber deposits from the 65 mm Macro Photo Lens and tube extensions. An extended Hukawng Valley of Myanmar. The age has been estimated to be ca. 99 depth of field at high magnifications was achieved by combining multiple differently focused images using Helicon Focus 5.1 (Heli- con Soft, Kharkov, Ukraine) software. Final figures were prepared in * Corresponding author. Adobe Photoshop CS5. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Bai). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.03.030 0195-6671/© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 174 M.-Y. Lin, M. Bai / Cretaceous Research 75 (2017) 173e178 2.2. Micro-CT scanning and 3D reconstruction assigned as the outgroup according to three assumptions: a) Chrysomelidae is a distinct family and Chrysomelinae is a mono- The amber specimen was scanned with a MicroXCT 400 (Carl phyletic subfamily (Reid, 2014); b) it is related to the cerambycoid Zeiss X-ray Microscopy Inc., Pleasanton, USA) at the Institute of assemblage but not too closely related to as Megalopodidae or Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The scan of the entire beetle Orsodacnidae (Haddad & Mckenna, 2016); and c) Qitianniu is not an (Fig. 1aeb and 1feg) was performed with a beam energy of 60 kV, ingroup of Chrysomelidae. 133 mA, absorption contrast and a spatial resolution of 4.9215 mm. In this study, 51 characters (from the head, mouthparts, pro- The detail scans of the head (Fig. 1ced) and the metatarsi (Fig. 1e) notum, thorax, and legs) were selected (Supplementary Method S2, were performed with 60 kV, 133 mA, absorption contrast, and from Table II of Napp, 1994). The missing data from Napp (1994) spatial resolutions of 1.2762 mm and 1.2762 mm, respectively. On the were changed from “9” to “?”. The characters unavailable in the basis of the obtained image stacks, structures of the specimen were fossil (the hind wing and genitalia) were excluded from the matrix. reconstructed and separated with Amira 5.4 (Visage Imaging, San Some mistakes in Napp (1994) were corrected; for example, char- Diego, USA). The subsequent volumerendering and animations acter 5 for both Saphanus and Atimia were corrected from 9 to 3 were performed with VG Studiomax 2.1 (Volume Graphics, Hei- because both have deeply emarginate eyes, and character 54 for delberg, Germany). The final figures were prepared with Photo- Philus was corrected from 1 to 0 because it has two spurs on the shopCS5 (Adobe, San Jose, USA). metatibia (Svacha & Lawrence, 2014). The final matrix (Supplementary Method S3) was processed in WinClada and parsimony analyses were conducted with NONA (ratchet, 1000 2.3. Taxon sampling, characters and phylogenetic analysis replicates) and TNT (traditional search; 99,999 random seeds, 1000 replicates) (Goloboff et al., 2003, 2008). Bremer support was The main aim of the phylogenetic analysis in this study was to calculated with TNT. clarify the phylogenetic position of Qitianniu zhihaoi gen. et sp. nov. in the cerambycoid assemblage. We extracted data for 20 genera from the matrix of Napp (1994, table III), containing extant repre- 3. Results sentatives of all four families and eleven subfamilies of Ceram- bycoidea. Additionally, we selected Apatophysis, a representative of 3.1. Systematic paleontology the subfamily Dorcasominae, which was missing from Napp (1994), and Chrysomela, a representative of the family Chrysomelidae, as Order Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758 the outgroup. Together with Qitianniu, 23 genera (Supplementary Superfamily Chrysomeloidea Latreille, 1802 Method S1) were selected for the final matrix. Chrysomela was Family Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802 Fig. 1. 3D reconstructions of Qitianniu zhihaoi gen. et sp. nov., Holotype (IZAS-COL-CERA20160001) based on micro-CT data. AeB The habitus, antennae, mouthparts and legs mostly missing (except mesofemora) due to scan limitations. A dorsal view; B lateral view; CeD head, C in ventral view, D in vento-lateral view, showing the large and coarsely facetted eyes; E metatarsi, showing the bilobed tarsomere III and the short tarsomere IV: arrows indicate the separating of tarsomeres IV and V; F ventrites IV & V in ventral view; G abdomen in ventro-lateral view, showing ventrites. Scale bar in yellow ¼ 1.0 mm, scale bar in red ¼ 0.5 mm. M.-Y. Lin, M. Bai / Cretaceous Research 75 (2017) 173e178 175 Qitianniu gen. nov. carina, apex narrowly rounded; surface irregularly and strongly urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C987FBDB-4914-4F56-B49C-9FE7D punctate, covered with semi-erect setae. 4D1E710 Legs short; procoxal cavities posteriorly open; mesocoxal cav- ities open laterally to mesepimeron. Femora clavate; tibiae slightly Description. Sex unknown (probably male), body slender and broadened at apex, protibiae slightly grooved before apex, meso- slightly flattened dorsoventrally. Head declined, prognathous; tibiae without groove. Metatibiae slightly longer than metafemora. vertex with median impression; frons shaped like an inverted Tibial spurs 2-2-2. Tarsi (Fig. 1e) short, tarsomeres II and III both trapezoid, finely punctured; antennal tubercles separated and bilobed; metatarsomere I longer than II or III, but shorter than II elevated; labrum transverse; eyes (Figs. 2d, 1d) very large, strongly plus III; tarsomere IV short and hidden (Fig. 1e); tarsomere V longer convex, coarsely facetted, feebly emarginated and placed laterally, than III, claws simple and widely divergent. narrowly separated from the antennal tubercles. Mandibles quite Underside feebly punctured; prosternum before coxae longer long (Fig. 2d), as long as frons. Antennae (Fig. 2a) eleveneseg- than procoxal cavities, prosternal process lower than trochanter; mented, long, last 5 segments surpass elytral apex; all anten- metasternum much longer than abdominal ventrite I, meta- nomeres fringed with moderately long hairs ventrally and with nepisternum 4 times as long as its anterior width, narrowed
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