DOCSLIB.ORG

Life History, Development, and Host-Parasite Relations of Elsinoë Panici Tiffany and Mathre Audrey Coxbill Wacha Gabel Iowa State University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Life History, Development, and Host-Parasite Relations of Elsinoë Panici Tiffany and Mathre Audrey Coxbill Wacha Gabel Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1985 Life history, development, and host-parasite relations of Elsinoë panici Tiffany and Mathre Audrey Coxbill Wacha Gabel Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Gabel, Audrey Coxbill Wacha, "Life history, development, and host-parasite relations of Elsinoë panici Tiffany and Mathre " (1985). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 12063. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/12063 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are sphced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of "sectioning" the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and cu;:tinuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. UniversiW Micrdfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8524653 Gabel, Audrey Coxbill Wacha LIFE HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT, AND HOST-PARASITE RELATIONS OF ELSINOE PANIC! TIFFANY AND MATHRE Iowa State University PH.D. 1985 University Microfilms In t© r n ât i0 n9. 1 300 N. zeeb Road, Ann Arbor. Ml 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print 3. Photographs with dark background 4. Illustrations are poor copy 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print 11. Page(s) lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received 16. Other University Microfilms international Life history, development, and host-parasite relations of Elsinoë panici Tiffany and Mathre by Audrey Coxbill Wacha Gabel A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department: Botany Major: Mycology Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Maj% Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Major Depart: Signature was redacted for privacy. For Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1985 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 3 Taxonomic Considerations 3 Life History and Inoculation Studies 4 Culture Studies 8 Developmental Studies 9 Host-Parasite Relations 13 Grass Morphology and Anatomy 17 MATERIALS AND METHODS 18 Field Observations 18 Inoculation of Panicum virgatum 19 Greenhouse 19 Detached leaves 21 Culture Studies 23 Spore Germination 24 Conidia 24 Ascospores 25 Light Microscopy Studies 26 RESULTS 29 Field Observations 29 Collection sites, and years collected 29 Infection and disease progressing during the growing season 36 Appearance and development of ascostromata 40 Overwintering 56 Effect of burning 57 iii Page Inoculation Studies 59 Greenhouse 59 Spore germination observations from cleared inoculated detached leaves 66 Culture Studies 72 Spores 80 Conidia 80 Morphology 80 Production 83 Germination 83 Chlamydospore formation 87 Ascospores 90 Asexual and Sexual Development in the Leaf 93 Asexual 93 Sexual 96 Disease progression related to season 101 Host-Parasite Relations 102 Field studies 102 Greenhouse studies 106 CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION 113 Distribution and Persistence 113 Disease Cycle Summary 114 Conidial development 114 Conidia germinate and infect 115 Incubation period 115 Secondary conidia 115 Spread of secondary conidia 115 Increase and progression of disease 115 Symptoms of stromata 115 Ascostromata 116 Ascospore germination 116 Continuous development of asci 116 iv Page Termination of disease development, overwintering. and dispersal 116 Disease Cycle 116 Conidial development 116 Conidia germinate and infect 117 Incubation period 120 Secondary conidia 121 Spread of secondary conidia 121 Increase and progression of disease 122 Stromata 122 Ascostromata 124 Ascospore germination 131 Continuous development of asci 132 Termination of disease development, overwintering, and dispersal 133 Host-Parasite Relations 134 Disease Assessment 141 Susceptibility 142 SUMMARY 144 LITERATURE CITED 147 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 151 APPENDIX A 152 APPENDIX B 154 1 INTRODUCTION In the late 1950s, a leaf-spotting pathogen on Panicum virgatum L. was collected and determined to be a new species of Elsinoë Raciborski. The species was described as Elsinoë panici from Iowa col­ lections by L. H. Tiffany and J. H. Mathre (1961). This host-pathogen relationship is particularly interesting because the only other reports of species of Elsinoë, or of the closely related genus Myriangium Mont. and Berk., on a member of the Gramineae are of Myriangium bambusae Rick on Phyllostachys puberula Munro near Nanking, China (Tai, 1931), and Elsinoë sacchari (Lo, 1964) on Saccharum offici- narum L. from Taiwan, China. sacchari Lo has also been observed in commercial sugar cane fields in Florida (Todd, 1960). All other hosts listed for Elsinoë spp. are herbaceous or woody dicots. The majority of species described are tropical or subtropical, but some species cause serious diseases on many hosts in temperate zones. Little developmental work has been done on any genus in the loculoascomycetous order, the Myriangiales. Tewari (1969), Tai (1931), Tendulkar (1971) and Miller (1938) examined sexual development in Elsinoë and Myriangium spp. but events leading to ascus formation are still poorly documented. Since E. panici Tiffany and Mathre was first described, it has been observed frequently on switchgrass from numerous prairies in Iowa as well as along roadsides. However, it has never been observed on other grasses, including other species of Panicum growing in the same sites. 2 indicating a high degree of host specificity. Elsinoë panici has not been studied since its description. This study was undertaken to learn more of its life history, development, distribution and host-parasite relationship. This information could be significant in light of recent interest in warm season grasses such as switchgrass for summer and fall forage. A study such as this is essential to provide background information for assessing disease losses and selecting plant material in breeding programs. 3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Taxonomic Considerations Although Miller (1949) and others recognized differences in asci and development of ascocarp centra among groups of Ascomycetes, Luttrell (19553 more clearly made the association of a bitunicate ascus with an ascostromatic type of ascocarp, characterizing the Loculomycetes and separating them from other Ascomycetes which had unitunicate asci and perithecial walls in the ascocarp. Later (1973), he recognized five orders of this bitunicate group: Dothidiales, Hemisphaeriales, Pleosporales, Hysteriales, and Myriangiales. The order Myriangiales, where Elsinoë is located, was characterized as having globose bitunicate asci in uniascal locules within a multiloculate stroma. Four families were recognized, including the Myriangiaceae with the genus Elsinoë. This family was characterized by pseudoparenchymatous
Load more

Recommended publications
  • <I>Dothideomycetes: Elsinoe</I>
    ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON Volume 115, pp. 507–520 January–March 2011 doi: 10.5248/115.507 Morphological studies in Dothideomycetes: Elsinoe (Elsinoaceae), Butleria, and three excluded genera Yanmei Li1, Haixia Wu1, Hang Chen1 & Kevin D. Hyde1, 2, 3* 1 International Fungal Research and Development Centre, Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Cultivation & Utilization State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, PR China 2 Visiting Professor, Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia 3 School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — The types of the genera Beelia, Butleria, Elsinoe, Hyalotheles, and Saccardinula were examined to revise their familial position. The family Elsinoaceae (type: Elsinoe canavaliae) is described and its separation from Myriangiaceae is supported. Butleria inaghatahani has characters similar to Elsinoaceae where it should remain. Beelia suttoniae appears to be a superficial biotroph on the surface of leaves and thus Beelia should be placed in Chaetothyriaceae and is most similar to Ainsworthia (= Phaeosaccardinula). Apart from the oblong to ovoid sessile asci in Hyalotheles dimerosperma, its placement in Elsinoaceae seems unwarranted, and Hyalotheles should be placed in Dothideomycetes incertae sedis. Saccardinula guaranitica may be better placed in Microthyriaceae or Brefeldiellaceae, because its ascomata greatly resemble thyrothecia found in Microthyriaceae and have similarities with Brefeldiella. Molecular sequence data from fresh collections is required to solve the problem of familial placement. Key words — Ascomycota, morphology, taxonomy Introduction We are conducting studies on the Dothideomycetes in order to provide a natural classification (Zhang et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Elsinoe Australis
    -- CALIFORNIA D EP ARTM ENT OF cdfaFOOD & AGRICULTURE ~ California Pest Rating Proposal for Elsinoë australis Bitanc. & Jenkins 1936 Sweet orange scab Current Pest Rating: A Proposed Pest Rating: A Kingdom: Fungi; Phylum: Ascomycota Subphylum: Pezizomycotina; Class: Dothideomycetes Order: Myriangiales; Family: Elsinoaceae Comment Period: 5/22/2020 through 7/6/2020 Initiating Event: Elsinoë australis, the pathogen that causes sweet orange scab (SOS), was detected for the first time in the United States near Houston, Texas in 2010. Subsequently, it was found in the commercial citrus production areas of Texas and California. Border stations began to intercept infected fruit from Texas at the end of 2010; by early 2011 SOS had also been found in Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arizona. A federal domestic quarantine order was enacted by USDA to limit the spread of the disease within the United States. During annual citrus commodity surveys in September 2013, CDFA crews from the Pest Detection Emergency Project branch found SOS in commercial groves within the Imperial County desert. The Federal order was amended in 2016 to cover affected California counties. The risk to California from E. australis is described herein and a permanent rating is proposed. History & Status: Background: Two scab diseases on citrus are now common in many humid citrus growing areas worldwide: sour citrus scab, caused by Elsinoë fawcettii, and sweet orange scab (SOS), caused by E. australis. Multiple pathotypes have been identified for both species. Sour citrus scab has already been widely distributed -- CALIFORNIA D EP ARTM ENT OF cdfaFOOD & AGRICULTURE ~ around the world, whereas sweet orange scab was limited mostly to southern South America, until it was detected in Texas.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences
    e-ISSN: 2319-9857 p-ISSN: 2347-226X Research and Reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences Citrus Scab (Elsinoe fawcettii): A Review. K Gopal*, B Govindarajulu, KTV Ramana, Ch S Kishore Kumar, V Gopi, T Gouri Sankar, L Mukunda Lakshmi, T Naga Lakshmi, and G Sarada. AICRP on Tropical fruits (Citrus), Citrus Research Station, Dr.YSR Horticultural University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India. Review Article Received: 08/04/2014 ABSTRACT Revised : 19/04/2014 Accepted: 25/04/2014 Elsinoë fawcettii Bitancourt and Jenkins is the causal agent of citrus scab. It is widely distributed, occurring in many citrus *For Correspondence growing areas in the world where rainfall conditions are conducive for infection. It affects all varieties of citrus, resulting in serious fruit AICRP on Tropical fruits blemishes and economic losses world-wide. Conidia are produced (Citrus), Citrus Research from the imperfect stage of the fungus, Sphaceloma fawcettii Station, Dr.YSR Horticultural Jenkins, and serve as the primary source for inoculation in the field. University, Tirupati - 517 502, E. australis causing sweet orange scab differs from E. fawcettii in Andhra Pradesh, India. host range and is limited to southern areas in South America. E. fawcettii rarely causes lesions on sweet orange, whereas E. australis Keywords: Covered smut, attacks all sweet oranges as well as some tangerines and their sorghum, botanicals, leaf hybrids. Unlike E. fawcettii that induces lesions on all parts of citrus, extract, cattle urine E. australis appears to affect only fruit. In addition, E. australis can be distinguished from E. fawcettii based on the sizes of ascospores (12- 20 x 15-30 μm in E.
    [Show full text]
  • Anhellia Verruco-Scopiformans Sp. Nov. (Myriangiales) Associated to Scaby Brooms of Croton Migrans in Brazil
    Fungal Diversity Anhellia verruco-scopiformans sp. nov. (Myriangiales) associated to scaby brooms of Croton migrans in Brazil Olinto L. Pereira and Robert W. Barreto* Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000, Viçosa MG, Brazil Pereira, O.L. and Barreto, R.W. (2003). Anhellia verruco-scopiformans sp. nov. (Myriangiales) associated to scaby brooms of Croton migrans in Brazil. Fungal Diversity 12: 155-159. The new fungal species of Anhellia, Anhellia verruco-scopiformans associated with scaby brooms of Croton migrans from a montane grassland site in Brazil, is described and illustrated. Key words: Ascomycota, biodiversity, Euphorbiaceae, taxonomy, tropical fungi. Introduction The genus Anhellia (Myriangiales, Ascomycota) was proposed by Raciborski (1900) based on Anhellia tristis Rac. Later, other taxa described in the genera Agostaea, Ramosiella and Whetzeliomyces were transferred to Anhellia (Arx, 1963). Anhellia is a plant parasitic genus often causing leaf spots and scab on stems. It is characterized by its dark ascomata, bearing many-celled ascospores inside bitunicate asci, borne at different levels in a pseudoparenchima connected with the host by an erumpent pulvinate or discoid hypostroma (Arx and Müller, 1975). The genus, comprises seven, mainly tropical, species. Two species, A. lantanae (Henn.) Arx and A. niger (Viégas) Arx were described from Brazil (Viégas, 1945; Arx, 1963). The latter is responsible for a damaging disease of Chromolaena odorata, a very important pantropical weed. Barreto and Evans (1994) regarded this fungus as a having a high potential as a biocontrol agent for this weed. We report herein a previously undescribed species of Anhellia, parasiting leaves and stems of Croton migrans (Euphorbiaceae) collected in the nature reserve of Caraça, Catas Altas, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Pest Categorisation of Elsinoë Fawcettii and E. Australis
    SCIENTIFIC OPINION ADOPTED: 22 November 2017 doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5100 Pest categorisation of Elsinoe€ fawcettii and E. australis EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), Michael Jeger, Claude Bragard, David Caffier, Thierry Candresse, Elisavet Chatzivassiliou, Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Gianni Gilioli, Jean-Claude Gregoire, Josep Anton Jaques Miret, Alan MacLeod, Maria Navajas Navarro, Bjorn€ Niere, Stephen Parnell, Roel Potting, Trond Rafoss, Gregor Urek, Ariena Van Bruggen, Wopke Van der Werf, Jonathan West, Stephan Winter, Antonio Vicent, Irene Vloutoglou, Bernard Bottex and Vittorio Rossi Abstract The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Elsinoe€ fawcettii and E. australis, the causal agents of citrus scab diseases, for the EU. The identities of the pests are well-established and reliable methods exist for their detection/identification. The pests are listed in Annex IIAI of Directive 2000/29/EC as Elsinoe€ spp. and are not known to occur in the EU. Species and hybrids of citrus (Family Rutaceae) are affected by E. fawcettii and E. australis, with the latter having a more restricted host range and geographical distribution compared to the former. The status of Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) as a host of E. australis is uncertain. The pests could potentially enter the EU on host plants for planting and fruit originating in infested Third countries. The current distribution of the pests, climate matching and the use of irrigation in the EU citrus-growing areas suggest that the pests could establish and spread in the EU citrus-growing areas. Uncertainty exists on whether cultural practices and control methods, currently applied in the EU, would prevent the establishment of the pests.
    [Show full text]
  • AR TICLE a New Family and Genus in Dothideales for Aureobasidium-Like
    IMA FUNGUS · 8(2): 299–315 (2017) doi:10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.02.05 A new family and genus in Dothideales for Aureobasidium-like species ARTICLE isolated from house dust Zoë Humphries1, Keith A. Seifert1,2, Yuuri Hirooka3, and Cobus M. Visagie1,2,4 1Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6 2Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5 3Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan 4Biosystematics Division, ARC-Plant Health and Protection, P/BagX134, Queenswood 0121, Pretoria, South Africa; corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: An international survey of house dust collected from eleven countries using a modified dilution-to-extinction Key words: method yielded 7904 isolates. Of these, six strains morphologically resembled the asexual morphs of Aureobasidium 18S and Hormonema (sexual morphs ?Sydowia), but were phylogenetically distinct. A 28S rDNA phylogeny resolved 28S strains as a distinct clade in Dothideales with families Aureobasidiaceae and Dothideaceae their closest relatives. BenA Further analyses based on the ITS rDNA region, β-tubulin, 28S rDNA, and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit black yeast confirmed the distinct status of this clade and divided strains among two consistent subclades. As a result, we Dothidiomycetes introduce a new genus and two new species as Zalaria alba and Z. obscura, and a new family to accommodate them in ITS Dothideales. Zalaria is a black yeast-like fungus, grows restrictedly and produces conidiogenous cells with holoblastic RPB2 synchronous or percurrent conidiation.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes for Genera Update – Ascomycota: 6616-6821 Article
    Mycosphere 9(1): 115–140 (2018) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/1/2 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Notes for genera update – Ascomycota: 6616-6821 Wijayawardene NN1,2, Hyde KD2, Divakar PK3, Rajeshkumar KC4, Weerahewa D5, Delgado G6, Wang Y7, Fu L1* 1Shandong Institute of Pomologe, Taian, Shandong Province, 271000, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3Departamento de Biologı ´a Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain 4National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411 004, India 5Department of Botany, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka 610900 Brittmoore Park Drive Suite G Houston, TX 77041 7Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Divakar PK, Rajeshkumar KC, Weerahewa D, Delgado G, Wang Y, Fu L 2018 – Notes for genera update – Ascomycota: 6616-6821. Mycosphere 9(1), 115–140, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/1/2 Abstract Taxonomic knowledge of the Ascomycota, is rapidly changing because of use of molecular data, thus continuous updates of existing taxonomic data with new data is essential. In the current paper, we compile existing data of several genera missing from the recently published “Notes for genera-Ascomycota”. This includes 206 entries. Key words – Asexual genera – Data bases – Sexual genera – Taxonomy Introduction Maintaining updated databases and checklists of genera of fungi is an important and essential task, as it is the base of all taxonomic studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Dothideomycetes)
    Phytotaxa 176 (1): 219–237 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.22 The status of Myriangiaceae (Dothideomycetes) ASHA J. DISSANAYAKE1,2, RUVISHIKA S. JAYAWARDENA1,2, SARANYAPHAT BOONMEE2, KASUN M. THAMBUGALA2,3, QING TIAN2, AUSANA MAPOOK2, INDUNIL C. SENANAYAKE2, JIYE YAN1*, YAN MEI LI4, XINGHONG LI1, EKACHAI CHUKEATIROTE2 & KEVIN D. HYDE2 1Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China email: [email protected] 2Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand email: [email protected] 3Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiaohe District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province 550006, People’s Republic of China 4International Fungal Research and Development Centre, Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Cultivation & Utilization State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, People’s Republic of China Abstract The family Myriangiaceae is relatively poorly known amongst the Dothideomycetes and includes genera which are saprobic, epiphytic and parasitic on the bark, leaves and branches of various plants. The family has not undergone any recent revision, however, molecular data has shown it to be a well-resolved family closely linked to Elsinoaceae in Myriangiales. Both morphological and molecular characters indicate that Elsinoaceae differs from Myriangiaceae. In Elsinoaceae, small numbers of asci form in locules in light coloured pseudostromata, which form typical scab-like blemishes on leaf or fruit surfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification of Plant Diseases
    K. K. WAGH COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, NASHIK DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY THEORY NOTES Course No.: - PATH -121 Course Title: - Fundamentals of Plant Pathology Credits: - 3 (2+1) Compiled By Prof. Patil K.P. Assistant Professor Department of Plant Pathology Teaching Schedule a) Theory Lecture Topic Weightage (%) 1 Importance of plant diseases, scope and objectives of Plant 3 Pathology..... 2 History of Plant Pathology with special reference to Indian work 3 3,4 Terms and concepts in Plant Pathology, Pathogenesis 6 5 classification of plant diseases 5 6,7, 8 Causes of Plant Disease Biotic (fungi, bacteria, fastidious 10 vesicular bacteria, Phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, protozoa, and nematodes ) and abiotic causes with examples of diseases caused by them 9 Study of phanerogamic plant parasites. 3 10, 11 Symptoms of plant diseases 6 12,13, Fungi: general characters, definition of fungus, somatic structures, 7 14 types of fungal thalli, fungal tissues, modifications of thallus, 15 Reproduction in fungi (asexual and sexual). 4 16, 17 Nomenclature, Binomial system of nomenclature, rules of 6 nomenclature, 18, 19 Classification of fungi. Key to divisions, sub-divisions, orders and 6 classes. 20, 21, Bacteria and mollicutes: general morphological characters. Basic 8 22 methods of classification and reproduction in bacteria 23,24, Viruses: nature, architecture, multiplication and transmission 7 25 26, 27 Nematodes: General morphology and reproduction, classification 6 of nematode Symptoms and nature of damage caused by plant nematodes (Heterodera, Meloidogyne, Anguina etc.) 28, 29, Principles and methods of plant disease management. 6 30 31, 32, Nature, chemical combination, classification of fungicides and 7 33 antibiotics.
    [Show full text]
  • Logs and Chips of Eighteen Eucalypt Species from Australia
    United States Department of Agriculture Pest Risk Assessment Forest Service of the Importation Into Forest Products Laboratory the United States of General Technical Report Unprocessed Logs and FPL−GTR−137 Chips of Eighteen Eucalypt Species From Australia P. (=Tryphocaria) solida, P. tricuspis; Scolecobrotus westwoodi; Abstract Tessaromma undatum; Zygocera canosa], ghost moths and carpen- The unmitigated pest risk potential for the importation of unproc- terworms [Abantiades latipennis; Aenetus eximius, A. ligniveren, essed logs and chips of 18 species of eucalypts (Eucalyptus amyg- A. paradiseus; Zelotypia stacyi; Endoxyla cinereus (=Xyleutes dalina, E. cloeziana, E. delegatensis, E. diversicolor, E. dunnii, boisduvali), Endoxyla spp. (=Xyleutes spp.)], true powderpost E. globulus, E. grandis, E. nitens, E. obliqua, E. ovata, E. pilularis, beetles (Lyctus brunneus, L. costatus, L. discedens, L. parallelocol- E. regnans, E. saligna, E. sieberi, E. viminalis, Corymbia calo- lis; Minthea rugicollis), false powderpost or auger beetles (Bo- phylla, C. citriodora, and C. maculata) from Australia into the strychopsis jesuita; Mesoxylion collaris; Sinoxylon anale; Xylion United States was assessed by estimating the likelihood and conse- cylindricus; Xylobosca bispinosa; Xylodeleis obsipa, Xylopsocus quences of introduction of representative insects and pathogens of gibbicollis; Xylothrips religiosus; Xylotillus lindi), dampwood concern. Twenty-two individual pest risk assessments were pre- termite (Porotermes adamsoni), giant termite (Mastotermes dar- pared, fifteen dealing with insects and seven with pathogens. The winiensis), drywood termites (Neotermes insularis; Kalotermes selected organisms were representative examples of insects and rufinotum, K. banksiae; Ceratokalotermes spoliator; Glyptotermes pathogens found on foliage, on the bark, in the bark, and in the tuberculatus; Bifiditermes condonensis; Cryptotermes primus, wood of eucalypts. C.
    [Show full text]
  • Doctoral Dissertation Template
    UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE ADVANCEMENT OF NATURAL PRODUCTS: OPTIMIZATION OF INSTRUMENTATION AND EXAMPLES OF THEIR APPLICATION TO THE ISOLATION OF NEW COMPOUNDS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By ALLISON OLIVIA MATTES Norman, Oklahoma 2019 ADVANCEMENT OF NATURAL PRODUCTS: OPTIMIZATION OF INSTRUMENTATION AND EXAMPLES OF THEIR APPLICATION TO THE ISOLATION OF NEW COMPOUNDS A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY BY Dr. Robert Cichewicz, Chair Dr. Bradley Stevenson Dr. Daniel Glatzhofer Dr. Indrajeet Sharma Dr. Zhibo Yang © Copyright by ALLISON OLIVIA MATTES 2019 All Rights Reserved. To friends, family, mentors, and peers. iv Acknowledgements First and foremost, I must acknowledge Dr. Cichewicz for the mentorship and patience of helping me develop my skills. In chapter 3, edits and mentorship was also completed with the aid of Dr. David Russell and Dr. Sarah Robinson while at an internship at Genetech in San Francisco, CA. In chapter 4, the “chemical zoo” team tirelessly worked on all the soil samples to isolate, purify, extract, and sequence each fungus. Most notable of these coming from the work of Sara Helff and Carolyn Le. Jarod King completed all assay work on both the small scale isolation for initial identification as well as the pure compound MICs. In chapter 5, the isolation, purification, and identification of Sphecaloma were completed by the endophyte team led by Dr. Shikha Srivastava and the initial chemical extraction of the fungus, initial isolation of the elsinochromes and the isolation of persephacin A were completed by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Genera of Phytopathogaenic Fungi: GOPHY 3
    Accepted Manuscript Genera of phytopathogaenic fungi: GOPHY 3 Y. Marin-Felix, M. Hernández-Restrepo, I. Iturrieta-González, D. García, J. Gené, J.Z. Groenewald, L. Cai, Q. Chen, W. Quaedvlieg, R.K. Schumacher, P.W.J. Taylor, C. Ambers, G. Bonthond, J. Edwards, S.A. Krueger-Hadfield, J.J. Luangsa-ard, L. Morton, A. Moslemi, M. Sandoval-Denis, Y.P. Tan, R. Thangavel, N. Vaghefi, R. Cheewangkoon, P.W. Crous PII: S0166-0616(19)30008-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2019.05.001 Reference: SIMYCO 89 To appear in: Studies in Mycology Please cite this article as: Marin-Felix Y, Hernández-Restrepo M, Iturrieta-González I, García D, Gené J, Groenewald JZ, Cai L, Chen Q, Quaedvlieg W, Schumacher RK, Taylor PWJ, Ambers C, Bonthond G, Edwards J, Krueger-Hadfield SA, Luangsa-ard JJ, Morton L, Moslemi A, Sandoval-Denis M, Tan YP, Thangavel R, Vaghefi N, Cheewangkoon R, Crous PW, Genera of phytopathogaenic fungi: GOPHY 3, Studies in Mycology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2019.05.001. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Genera of phytopathogaenic fungi: GOPHY 3 Y. Marin-Felix 1,2* , M.
    [Show full text]