Efforts at Anglo-American Adjustment: 1763-1775
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Autonomy and the Thirteen Colonies: Was the American Revolution Really Necessary
Duquesne Law Review Volume 18 Number 3 Article 5 1980 Autonomy and the Thirteen Colonies: Was the American Revolution Really Necessary Robert A. Friedlander Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/dlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Robert A. Friedlander, Autonomy and the Thirteen Colonies: Was the American Revolution Really Necessary, 18 Duq. L. Rev. 507 (1980). Available at: https://dsc.duq.edu/dlr/vol18/iss3/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Duquesne Law Review by an authorized editor of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. Autonomy and the Thirteen Colonies: Was the American Revolution Really Necessary?* Robert A. Friedlander** Nothing better illustrates the almost insurmountable difficulties faced by modern pluralistic societies in dealing with recalcitrant minorities on the transnational level than the futile attempts to grant autonomy to dissident populations.1 It has been particularly frustrating for democratic regimes when minority rejectionists have turned to terror-violence as their ultimate political weapon, with Ireland, Spain, and Israel the preeminent contemporary examples. The Northern Irish Parliament is indefinitely suspended,2 home rule has failed to end Basque extremism,'. and the Camp David accords face an uncertain future.' In each case, autonomy has been the chosen method of conflict- resolution and despite offers of-or attempts at-self-government, con- flict continues. Throughout modern history in both theory and practice, autonomy has been at best inherently suspect. In those few historical instances when it was actually attempted, autonomy either worked very badly or not at all. -
The American Revolution Presentation
The American Revolution Trade and Navigation Acts The Navigation Acts were designed to protect English shipping. ! They became a great source of irritation between England and the American colonies because Britain had been allowing the colonies to basically run their own affairs. ! This type of colonial rule is called salutary neglect. Navigation Act of 1651 Navigation Act of 1696 Goal: eliminate Dutch competition from colonial trading routes Created system of admiralty courts to enforce trade regulations Required all crews on English ships to be at least 1/2 English in and punish smugglers nationality Customs officials were given power to issue writs of assistance Most colonial goods had to be carried on English or colonial to board ships to search for smuggled goods ships ! ! Woolens Act of 1699 Navigation Act of 1660 Prohibited colonial export of woolen cloth to prevent Required the Master and 3/4 of English ship crews to be English competition with English producers Created a list of "enumerated goods” that could only be shipped ! to England or an English colony Hat Act of 1732 included tobacco, sugar, rice Prohibited export of colonial-produced hats to any country other ! than England Staple Act of 1663 ! Required all goods shipped from Africa, Asia, or Europe to the Molasses Act of 1733 American colonies to land in England before being shipping to All non-English molasses imported to an English colony was America heavily taxed in order to encourage importation of British West ! Indian molasses Plantation Duty Act of 1673 ! Created -
The Navigation Acts and Colonial Massachusetts Industry
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1955 The aN vigation Acts and Colonial Massachusetts Industry William O. Madden Loyola University Chicago Recommended Citation Madden, William O., "The aN vigation Acts and Colonial Massachusetts ndusI try" (1955). Master's Theses. Paper 1137. http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/1137 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1955 William O. Madden THE NAVIGATION ACTS AND COLONIAL MASSACHUSETTS INDUSTRr bl William O. Madden, S.J. A Th•• ie Submitted to the Facultl of the Graduate School of LOlo1a Unlveraltl in Partial Fulfl1laent of the Requirements for the Degree of Malter of Arts Januarr 19S5 LIP'.B Wllllam O. Madden, a.J., waa born at Chicago" Illlnols" Maroh 11, 1926. He was graduated trom Ouaplon Hlgb. Sohool, Pralrle du Chien, Wisconsln, In Mal' ~ 1944. In JUDe of' the same 7eal' he entered the lovltlate ot the Sacred Heart, Mlltord, Ohio, an attlliate ot Xavier Unlversltl'. In th. summer ot 1948 he was tran.terred to We.t Baden College, We.t Baden Springs, Indiana, an attil!ate ot L0l'ola Univers!tl', where he pursued cour.e. in philo.oph, and hiator;y. He received his degree ot Bachelor of' Art. In Latin 1n Februar;y, 1949. -
Parliamentary Debate on the Stamp
MAKING THE REVOLUTION: AMERICA, 1763-1791 PRIMARY SOURCE COLLECTION Parliament Debates New York Public Library the Stamp Act, February 1765 * In early 1765 Parliament was struggling to meet the cost of defending its empire in North Americavastly expanded after the French and Indian War. The task required a standing army (fulltime soldiers maintained during peacetime) since the new territories lacked enough Englishmen to constitute local defense forces. Regular British troops were needed to keep the peace between the French and Indians and to deal with smuggling, land grabbing, and crime. Prime Minister George Grenville stated the matter in its simplest terms: “The money for these expenses must be raised somewhere.” To the British it was perfectly logical to raise the money in the colonies; they, after all, were the chief beneficiaries of Britain’s military exertions. Parliament settled on a simple way to obtain the needed funds, an easy-to-collect tax on documents, i.e., the paper on which they would be printed. These selections from the debate on the Stamp Act in the House of Commons illuminate how British politicians viewed the issue of colonial taxationespecially the question of taxation without representation. Written in the clipped, abbreviated style of notes taken in haste, they record remarks made on February 6, 1765, eight days before Grenville formally presented the Stamp Act to the House of George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Commons for a vote. Britain, 1763-65; author of the Stamp Act __DEBATE, HOUSE OF COMMONS__ Committee of Ways and Means: Resolutions for colonial stamp duties.1 6 FEBRUARY 1765_____EXCERPTS Ordered, That it be an Instruction to the Committee of the whole House, to whom it is referred to consider further of Ways and Means for raising the Supply granted to His Majesty, that they do consider of proper Methods for raising a Revenue in the British Colonies and Plantations in America, towards further defraying the necessary Charges of defending, protecting, and securing, the same. -
Colonies with Others Puritan Colonies Were Self-Governed, with Each Town Having Its Own Government Which Led the People in Strict Accordance with Puritan Beliefs
Note Cards 1. Mayflower Compact 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. 2. William Bradford A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks. 3. Pilgrims and Puritans contrasted The Pilgrims were separatists who believed that the Church of England could not be reformed. Separatist groups were illegal in England, so the Pilgrims fled to America and settled in Plymouth. The Puritans were non-separatists who wished to adopt reforms to purify the Church of England. They received a right to settle in the Massachusetts Bay area from the King of England. 4. Massachusetts Bay Colony 1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government. 5. Cambridge Agreement 1629 - The Puritan stockholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company agreed to emigrate to New England on the condition that they would have control of the government of the colony. 6. Puritan migration Many Puritans emigrated from England to America in the 1630s and 1640s. During this time, the population of the Massachusetts Bay colony grew to ten times its earlier population. 7. Church of England (Anglican Church) The national church of England, founded by King Henry VIII. It included both Roman Catholic and Protestant ideas. 8. John Winthrop (1588-1649), his beliefs 1629 - He became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649. -
Grain, Warfare, and the Persistence of the British Atlantic Economy, 1765-1815
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Summer 8-23-2019 Feeding the Empire: Grain, Warfare, and the Persistence of the British Atlantic Economy, 1765-1815 Patrick Callaway University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Callaway, Patrick, "Feeding the Empire: Grain, Warfare, and the Persistence of the British Atlantic Economy, 1765-1815" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3092. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/3092 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FEEDING THE EMPIRE: GRAIN, WARFARE, AND THE PERSISTENCE OF THE BRITISH ATLANTIC ECONOMY, 1765-1815 By Patrick Callaway B.A. University of Montana-Western, 2004 B.S. University of Montana-Western, 2005 M.A. Montana State University, 2008 A DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in History) The Graduate School The University of Maine August 2019 Advisory Committee: Liam Riordan, Professor of History, Advisor Jacques Ferland, Associate Professor of History Stephen Hornsby, Professor of Geography and Canadian Studies Stephen Miller, Professor of History Scott See, Professor of History Copyright 2019, Patrick Callaway All Rights Reserved ii FEEDING THE EMPIRE: GRAIN, WARFARE, AND THE PERSISTANCE OF THE BRITISH ATALNTIC ECONOMY, 1765-1815 By Patrick Callaway Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Liam Riordan An Abstract of the Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History August 2019 The importance of staple agriculture in the development of the modern world can hardly be overstated. -
Road to Revolution
Road to Revolution 1760-1775 In 1607 The Virginia Company of London, an English trading company, planted the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown. The successful establishment of this colony was no small achievement as the English had attempted to plant a colony in North America since the reign of Queen Elizabeth I in the l6th century. The Virginia Company operated under a royal charter, granted by King James I, which assured the original settlers they would have all liberties, franchises and immunities as if they had been “abiding and born within England.” By 1760, England and Scotland had united into the Kingdom of Great Britain and her settlements in North America had grown to thirteen thriving colonies with strong cultural, economic, and political ties to the mother country. Each colony enjoyed a certain amount of self- government. The ties which bound Great Britain and her American colonies were numerous. Wealthy men in the colonies, such as George Washington, used British trading companies as their agents to conduct business. Young men from prominent families, like Arthur Lee, went to Great Britain to finish their schooling. Colonial churches benefited from ministers who were educated in Great Britain. Many of the brightest men in the colonies, such as Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, James Otis of Massachusetts, and Peyton Randolph of Virginia, served the British government as appointed officials. What then caused these strong ties to unravel after 1760? What caused the American colonists to revolt against their mother country in 1775? Though not recognized by most people at the time, economic and political forces beginning in 1760 on both sides of the Atlantic would force Great Britain and her American colonies to reassess their long relationship. -
Named Collections in Western Archives and Manuscripts
Named Collections in Western Archives and Manuscripts Please note that this list is not exhaustive; for the full catalogue of archives and manuscripts please use the Explore Archives and Manuscripts catalogue. Information taken from the archived Named Collection web pages, now available at: https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/en/archive/20140123194400/ht tp://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/manuscripts/namedmanuscripts/i ndex.html References Unless indicated otherwise, all references given below should be prefaced with Add MS, e.g. Aberconway Papers, Add MS 52432-52435. A Aberconway Papers Scope: Christabel Mary Melville McLaren (b.1890, d.1974), wife of Henry Duncan McLaren, 2nd Baron Aberconway. Location and Catalogue: 52432-5, 52550-6, 57485, 60382-3, 63464, 70775-9, 70831-8, 71173. Aberdeen Scope: George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen. Official and private correspondence and papers. Location and Catalogue: 43039-43358, 41557-60. Printed material received with the collection is in DPB: B.P.12. Acre, Siege of Scope: Charters forged by Eugene Henri Courtois and Paul Letellier purporting to relate to loans issued during the siege of Acre. Location and Catalogue: Add. Ch. 76913-76946 B. Alba Amicorum Scope: Location and Catalogue: Eg. MSS 1178-1499 & 1536-1607. For a more complete list see M.A.E. Nickson, Early Autograph Albums p.28 and Class Catalogue 29, parts III & IV. Alnwick microfilm Scope: See under Northumberland Papers. Location and Catalogue: Alstein Collection Scope: Collected by Baron P.L. van Alstein. Philology, Peru, etc. Location and Catalogue: 25313-25328. Altamira Papers Scope: 16th & 17th c. Spain. Location and Catalogue: 28334-28503, 28262-4. -
The Stamp Act and the Political Origins of American Legal and Economic Institutions
THE STAMP ACT AND THE POLITICAL ORIGINS OF AMERICAN LEGAL AND ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS JUSTIN DuRIVAGE & CLAIRE PRIEST* The American colonialprotest againstParliament's Stamp Act was a landmark event in the history of the Founding Era, propelling the colonies toward independence. To date, scholars have focused on colonists' constitutional objections to the Stamp Act. Yet, the Stamp Act taxed legal and institutional services and, as this Article describes, the opposition to the Stamp Act also focused on defending low-cost institutions that served local communities. It examines the arguments for and against the Stamp Act as revealing two distinct visions of the role for institutions in economic growth. It suggests that American independence affirmed colonists' commitment to low-cost locally managed institutions within their developing economy. INTRODUCTION The British Parliament's enactment of the Stamp Act of 1765 is widely acknowledged as a starting point for the acceleration of tensions that led to the Declaration of Independence in 1776.1 In the dominant * Acting Assistant Professor, Stanford University, Department of History and Simeon E. Baldwin Professor, Yale Law School. We appreciate the comments of Owen Fiss, Daniel Klerman, Naomi Lamoreaux, James Livesey, Daniel Markovits, Nicholas Parrillo, Steven Pincus, and Carol Rose. We thank the participants in Yale's Center for Historical Enquiry and the Social Sciences; SELA (Seminario en Latinoamdrica de Teoria Constitucional y Politica), in Lima, Peru, and the participants at the Yale University, Mellon Foundation, Dundee University, and Scottish Centre for Global History conference on Finance, Communication and Coordination in Eighteenth-Century Empires. 1. See, e.g., BRENDAN MCCONVILLE, THE KING'S THREE FACES: THE RISE & FALL OF ROYAL AMERICA, 1688-1776, at 249 (2006); EDMUND S. -
Autonomy and the Thirteen Colonies: Was the American Revolution Really Necessary
Duquesne Law Review Volume 18 Number 3 Article 5 1980 Autonomy and the Thirteen Colonies: Was the American Revolution Really Necessary Robert A. Friedlander Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/dlr Part of the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Robert A. Friedlander, Autonomy and the Thirteen Colonies: Was the American Revolution Really Necessary, 18 Duq. L. Rev. 507 (1980). Available at: https://dsc.duq.edu/dlr/vol18/iss3/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Duquesne Law Review by an authorized editor of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. Autonomy and the Thirteen Colonies: Was the American Revolution Really Necessary?* Robert A. Friedlander** Nothing better illustrates the almost insurmountable difficulties faced by modern pluralistic societies in dealing with recalcitrant minorities on the transnational level than the futile attempts to grant autonomy to dissident populations.1 It has been particularly frustrating for democratic regimes when minority rejectionists have turned to terror-violence as their ultimate political weapon, with Ireland, Spain, and Israel the preeminent contemporary examples. The Northern Irish Parliament is indefinitely suspended,2 home rule has failed to end Basque extremism,'. and the Camp David accords face an uncertain future.' In each case, autonomy has been the chosen method of conflict- resolution and despite offers of-or attempts at-self-government, con- flict continues. Throughout modern history in both theory and practice, autonomy has been at best inherently suspect. In those few historical instances when it was actually attempted, autonomy either worked very badly or not at all. -
In Accordance with Usage: the Authority of Custom, the Stamp Act Debate, and the Coming of the American Revolution
Fordham Law Review Volume 45 Issue 2 Article 2 1976 In Accordance With Usage: The Authority of Custom, the Stamp Act Debate, and the Coming of the American Revolution John Phillip Reid Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation John Phillip Reid, In Accordance With Usage: The Authority of Custom, the Stamp Act Debate, and the Coming of the American Revolution , 45 Fordham L. Rev. 335 (1976). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol45/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Law Review by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. In Accordance With Usage: The Authority of Custom, the Stamp Act Debate, and the Coming of the American Revolution Cover Page Footnote Professor, New York University Law School. B.S.S., 1952, Georgetown; LL.B., 1955, Harvard; LL.M., 1960, J.S.D., 1962, New York University. This article is available in Fordham Law Review: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol45/iss2/2 IN ACCORDANCE WITH USAGE: THE AUTHORITY OF CUSTOM, THE STAMP ACT DEBATE, AND THE COMING OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION JOHN PHILLIP REID* I. INTRODUCTION A s we mark the bicentennial of the American Revolution, it is time for lawyers to defend their own and demand their due. If jingoism in the writing of legal history is now under attack,' surely professional pride remains in fashion. -
Long Essay Question
AP U.S. HISTORY SCORING GUIDELINES SAMPLE QUESTIONS Long Essay Question Evaluate the relative importance of the causes that led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence. Maximum Possible Points: 6 Points Rubric Notes Thesis/Claim: Responds to the prompt with Responses earn one point by responding to the a historically defensible thesis/claim that question with a historically reasoned thesis that establishes a line of reasoning. (1 point) explains relationships among pieces of historical evidence. Thesis statements need to demonstrate To earn this point, the thesis must make a some degree of specificity regarding the relationship claim that responds to the prompt rather than between the causes leading to the writing of the restating or rephrasing the prompt. The thesis Declaration of Independence. must consist of one or more sentences located in one place, either in the introduction or the Examples that earn this point include: conclusion. Å “The end of the Seven Year’s War and its repercussions on the colonists coupled with limits set in place thru repressive acts (i.e. Stamp, Sugar, and Intolerable) played a major role in the drafting of the Declaration of Independence. A: Thesis/Claim (0–1) A: Thesis/Claim (0–1) Å “Ultimately, Britain’s need for revenue and the subsequent acts passed to collect money, led to the colonists wanting more economic and political independence. This led to a new ‘American Identity’ which called for various freedoms which were addressed by Jefferson and the writing of the Declaration of Independence.” Contextualization: Describes a broader Examples of context might include the following, historical context relevant to the prompt.