DOCSLIB.ORG

Decentralization in Bolivia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Decentralization in Bolivia Democracy Audit: Bolivia, 2002 by Mitchell A. Seligson Department of Political Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pa 15260 [email protected] Version 9 Report prepared for USAID, Bolivia November 24, 2002 Under Contract 511-0-00-99-00129-00 The Political Culture of Democracy in Bolivia: 2002 2 Contents Table of Contents INTRODUCTION: OVERVIEW OF BOLIVIAN POLITICS, 2000-2002 ..........9 CHAPTER I. METHODOLOGY AND SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS.......12 SAMPLE DESIGN ....................................................................................................................................................12 A SAMPLE DESIGN TO REPRESENT ALL VOTING-AGED BOLIVIANS ........................................................................12 REPRESENTING THE DEPARTMENTS IN THE NATIONAL SAMPLE: STRATIFICATION..................................................14 The Special Municipal Sample...........................................................................................................................17 SAMPLE WEIGHTS ...................................................................................................................................................18 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING THE 2002 SAMPLE.......................................................................................20 SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS.............................................................................................................................20 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................................................27 CHAPTER II. ELECTIONS AND DEMOCRACY ...........................................................28 TURNOUT .................................................................................................................................................................31 TURNOUT OF ELIGIBLE VOTERS ..............................................................................................................................31 CHARACTERISTICS OF VOTERS VERSUS NON-VOTERS.............................................................................................34 PARTY VOTING AND CITIZEN CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................43 DEMOGRAPHIC, ETHNIC, GEOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTY VOTERS ..................44 POLITICAL DIFFERENCES AMONG VOTERS..............................................................................................................52 DEMOCRATIC AND ANTI-DEMOCRATIC VALUES: VARIATION BY PARTY VOTE ......................................................55 THE “UNINOMINAL” DEPUTY ...........................................................................................................................57 SPLIT-TICKET VOTING.............................................................................................................................................58 PREFERENCES FOR THE SINGLE-MEMBER DISTRICT ................................................................................................59 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................................................64 CHAPTER III. LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND DEMOCRACY.............................65 MUNICIPAL PARTICIPATION: NATIONAL RESULTS..................................................................................65 MUNICIPAL PARTICIPATION: THE IMPACT OF THE DDPC.....................................................................72 CONTROL VARIABLES .............................................................................................................................................74 MUNICIPAL MEETING PARTICIPATION: DDPC VS. THE NATION ..............................................................................75 DEMAND-MAKING: DDPC VS. THE NATION............................................................................................................76 SATISFACTION: DDPC VS. THE NATION ..................................................................................................................77 SATISFACTION WITH MUNICIPAL SERVICES: NATIONAL AND DDPC RESULTS .............................80 NATIONAL-LEVEL RESULTS ....................................................................................................................................80 DDPC VS. NATIONAL RESULTS...............................................................................................................................81 NATIONAL VS. LOCAL GOVERNMENT ...........................................................................................................86 NATIONAL SAMPLE COMPARISONS..........................................................................................................................86 WILLINGNESS TO PAY MORE TAXES .............................................................................................................89 RESPONSIVENESS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT..............................................................................................90 NATIONAL LEVEL RESULTS.....................................................................................................................................90 DDPC VS. THE NATION ...........................................................................................................................................91 THE GENDER GAP .................................................................................................................................................93 The Political Culture of Democracy in Bolivia: 2002 3 Contents CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................................................95 CHAPTER IV: SYSTEM SUPPORT AND DECENTRALIZATION..................96 THE THEORY OF DECENTRALIZATION: IMPACT ON DEMOCRACY...................................................96 SYSTEM SUPPORT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES .......................................................................................97 DECENTRALIZATION AND SYSTEM SUPPORT ...........................................................................................................99 DECENTRALIZATION IN BOLIVIA .................................................................................................................100 SYSTEM SUPPORT IN BOLIVIA........................................................................................................................107 CITIZEN VIEWS IN “CHANGE IN MAYOR” AND “SAME MAYOR” MUNICIPALITIES.....................109 MODELING CITIZEN LEVELS OF SYSTEM SUPPORT ................................................................................................114 THE IMPORTANCE OF THESE RESULTS FOR DECENTRALIZATION REFORM ...............................119 CHAPTER V. THE NEW CRIMINAL CODE .....................................................................120 THE NEW CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (NCCP) ..............................................................................120 WHAT THE NEW CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (NCPP) DOES .........................................................................121 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE..............................................................................122 KNOWLEDGE OF THE NEW CRIMINAL CODE ...........................................................................................123 HOW KNOWLEDGE OF CODE WAS ACQUIRED .........................................................................................127 ATTENDING MEETINGS ON NEW CODE.......................................................................................................129 EVALUATION OF THE NEW CODE .................................................................................................................131 OPINION OF ORAL TRIALS .....................................................................................................................................131 TRIAL BY CITIZEN JUDGES.....................................................................................................................................132 RESPECTING THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE AND BAIL....................................................................................133 COMPARISON OF THE VARIOUS PROVISION OF THE NEW CRIMINAL CODE ............................................................134 CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................................................................................139 CHAPTER VI. SYSTEM SUPPORT AND TOLERANCE .........................................140 A LEADING INDICATOR OF STABLE DEMOCRACY..................................................................................140 SYSTEM SUPPORT ...............................................................................................................................................143 MEASUREMENT OF SYSTEM SUPPORT....................................................................................................................143 COMPARISONS 1998-2002 .....................................................................................................................................144 SYSTEM SUPPORT BY DEPARTMENT ......................................................................................................................146
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Espacio, Convergencia Y Crecimiento Regional En Bolivia: 1990 – 2010
    BANCO CENTRAL DE BOLIVIA Espacio, convergencia y crecimiento regional en Bolivia: 1990 – 2010 Claudia Fabiola Soruco Carballo * Documento de trabajo No 01/2012 Revisado por: Laura Rubín de Celis Aprobado por: Raúl Mendoza Patiño Diciembre de 2012 * Correo electrónico: [email protected]. El contenido del presente documento es de responsabilidad del autor y no compromete la opinión del Banco Central de Bolivia. Espacio, convergencia y crecimiento regional en Bolivia: 1990-2010 Resumen Con frecuencia los economistas debaten acerca de la hipótesis de convergencia (enfoque neoclásico del crecimiento) y la hipótesis de divergencia (teorías del crecimiento endógeno) al acarrear esta última una visión crítica respecto de las capacidades del mercado para disminuir las disparidades regionales. Los avances de la economía regional han evidenciado que uno de los factores que influye significativamente en la existencia de la divergencia regional es la posición geográfica. Para Bolivia, se han realizado diversos estudios de crecimiento y convergencia, sin embargo, son muy pocos los trabajos que han abordado el tema del espacio. Es en este sentido que el presente documento incorpora la noción del espacio al análisis de la convergencia (divergencia) regional en Bolivia, siendo el objetivo principal del mismo responder a las siguientes preguntas: 1) ¿cuál es la diferencia o brecha promedio entre los PIBpc de todos los departamentos de Bolivia?; 2) ¿existe alguna semejanza (o diferencia), en cuanto a dirección o intensidad, entre el crecimiento de los PIBpc de todos los departamentos de Bolivia?; 3) ¿qué tan alejados están los departamentos de Bolivia de igualar su PIBpc?. De esta manera, se realiza un análisis exploratorio entre la geografía política de los departamentos de Bolivia y sus niveles de PIBpc, y con el fin de investigar si los resultados obtenidos en este análisis prevalecen en el largo plazo, se analiza la convergencia departamental, a través de indicadores más formales.
    [Show full text]
  • A Participatory Assessment to Identify Strategies for Improved Cervical
    Temas de actualidad / Current topics Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of death for A participatory women in many countries of the world. In Latin America and the Caribbean, cervical cancer has be- assessment to identify come the primary cause of cancer-related deaths strategies for improved among women despite the introduction of screen- ing programs more than 30 years ago. Each year in cervical cancer Latin America and the Caribbean 52 000 new cases are diagnosed, and 25 000 women die of the disease prevention and (1). Bolivia has one of the highest cervical cancer in- cidence rates in the Americas (58.1/100 000 women) treatment in Bolivia (2). An estimated 661 deaths per year in Bolivia are attributed to cervical cancer, equivalent to an age- standardized mortality rate of 22.2/100 000. This compares with 7.6/100 000 in Argentina and 12/ 1 Ilana G. Dzuba, 100 000 for all of South America. These statistics are Ruth Calderón,2 Siri Bliesner,3 particularly noteworthy given that cervical cancer 4 can be prevented by the timely identification and Silvana Luciani, treatment of precancerous lesions (3, 4). Fernando Amado,5 Bolivia is one of the poorest countries in and Martha Jacob1 South America. Some 70% of Bolivians live in pov- erty, with limited access to adequate housing, sani- tation, education, and health care. Surveys indicate that the public sector in Bolivia provides health care for 40%–60% of the population, and performs 70% of all the Pap smears done in the country for cervi- cal cancer screening (5, 6).
    [Show full text]
  • EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY of the CHAGAS DISEASE in BOLIVIA USING REMOTE SENSING DATA Natalia Vargas-Cuentas, Avid Roman-Gonzalez, Alicia Mantari, Luis Anthony Aucapuma Muñoz
    EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF THE CHAGAS DISEASE IN BOLIVIA USING REMOTE SENSING DATA Natalia Vargas-Cuentas, Avid Roman-Gonzalez, Alicia Mantari, Luis Anthony Aucapuma Muñoz To cite this version: Natalia Vargas-Cuentas, Avid Roman-Gonzalez, Alicia Mantari, Luis Anthony Aucapuma Muñoz. EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF THE CHAGAS DISEASE IN BOLIVIA USING REMOTE SENSING DATA. International Astronautical Congress - IAC 2017, Sep 2017, Adelaide, Australia. hal-01640720 HAL Id: hal-01640720 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01640720 Submitted on 20 Nov 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF THE CHAGAS DISEASE IN BOLIVIA USING REMOTE SENSING DATA Natalia I. Vargas-Cuentas Beihang University (BUAA), China; Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades – UCH, Perú, [email protected] Avid Roman-Gonzalez Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades - UCH, Perú, [email protected] Alicia Alva Mantari Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades - UCH, Perú, [email protected] Luis AnthonyAucapuma Muñoz Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades - UCH, Perú, [email protected] Remote sensing is the technology that has enabled us to obtain information about the Earth's surface without directly contacting it. For this reason, currently, the Bolivian state has considered a list of interesting applications of remote sensing in the country, including the following: biodiversity and environment monitoring, mining and geology, epidemiology, agriculture, water resources and land use planning.
    [Show full text]
  • Bolivia's Regional Elections 2010
    Ethnopolitics Papers June 2010 | No. 2 Bolivia’s Regional Elections 2010 Anaïd Flesken PhD Candidate in Ethnopolitics | Exeter Centre for Ethno-Political Studies | University of Exeter, UK E-mail address for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Following closely the national elections of December 2009, Bolivia’s regional elections of April 2010 determined two outcomes: On the one hand, they decided the size and strength of the opposition towards current president Evo Morales and his political organization, Movement towards Socialism (MAS). On the other hand, they decided the distribution of power during the implementation of the country’s new constitution. This will establish, amongst other issues, the level of regional, municipal, as well as indigenous autonomy. Here, the plans of the indigenous- based MAS face opposition from the relatively affluent and mainly white and mixed-race region in the eastern lowlands of the country. The election results indicate that the MAS maintained widespread support among Bolivians. It secured the majority of departments and municipalities, yet had to record some losses at the local level. The right-wing opposition won in the departments of the eastern lowlands, which indicates a deepening regional cleavage. ISSN: 2048-075X Copyright © 2010 by Ethnopolitics Papers. All rights reserved. Edited by Dr Annemarie Peen Rodt, University of Southern Denmark PhD candidate Anaïd Flesken, University of Exeter We welcome contributions to and comments on Ethnopolitics Papers to [email protected]. Ethnopolitics Papers are available online at http://www.ethnopolitics.org/ethnopoliticspapers.htm Ethnopolitics Papers are supported by Exeter Centre for Ethno-Political Studies, University of Exeter http://centres.exeter.ac.uk/exceps/ Ethnopolitics Papers | No.
    [Show full text]
  • Vargas-Cuentas Manuscript.Pdf
    68thInternational Astronautical Congress, Adelaide, Australia. Copyright ©2017 by the International Astronautical Federation. All rights reserved. IAC-17,B1,5,5,x41262 EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF THE CHAGAS DISEASE IN BOLIVIA USING REMOTE SENSING DATA Natalia I. Vargas-Cuentas Beihang University (BUAA), China; Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades – UCH, Perú, [email protected] Avid Roman-Gonzalez Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades - UCH, Perú, [email protected] Alicia Alva Mantari Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades - UCH, Perú, [email protected] Luis AnthonyAucapuma Muñoz Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades - UCH, Perú, [email protected] Remote sensing is the technology that has enabled us to obtain information about the Earth's surface without directly contacting it. For this reason, currently, the Bolivian state has considered a list of interesting applications of remote sensing in the country, including the following: biodiversity and environment monitoring, mining and geology, epidemiology, agriculture, water resources and land use planning. The use of satellite images has become a great tool for epidemiology because with this technological advance we can determine the environment in which transmission occurs, the distribution of the disease and its evolution over time. In that context, one of the important diseases related to public health in Bolivia is Chagas disease, also known as South American Trypanosomiasis. Chagas is caused by a blood-sucking bug or Vinchuca, which causes serious intestinal and heart long term problems and affects 33.4% of the Bolivian population. This disease affects mostly humble people, so the Bolivian state invests millions of dollars to acquire medicine and distribute it for free.
    [Show full text]
  • Xlv Meeting of the Group of Experts for the Control Of
    XLV MEETING OF THE GROUP OF EXPERTS OAS/Ser.L/XIV. 4.45 FOR THE CONTROL OF MONEY LAUNDERING DTOC/LAVEX/INF1/18 October 4 and 5, 2018 August 18, 2018 Santa Cruz, Bolivia Original: Spanish INFORMATION BULLETIN The XLV Meeting of the Group of Experts for the Control of Money Laundering (GELAVEX) will take place in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, from October 4th to 5th of 2018 (Meeting room Juayhú – Hotel Camino Real). The coordinating meeting of the Chair, Vice-Chair, Sub-Working Groups coordinators and the Technical Secretariat will take place on October 3rd in the same venue (meeting room Aguapé). The objective of the Plenary Meeting consists on presenting the achievements accomplished as part of the Work Plan 2017-2018, based on the lines of action defined in the Strategic Plan 2018- 2020, and establishing the Work Plan 2018-2019. In order to properly prepare your trip, please consider the following information: 1. VENUE: The XLV Meeting of the Group of Experts of the Control of Money Laundering will take place in the “Meeting room Juayhú of the Hotel Camino Real”, located at Avenida San Martin & Calle k, Cuarto Anillo, Equipetrol Norte zone, Santa Cruz de la Sierra. For further information please click in the image below: Hotel Camino Real - Santa Cruz Bolivia Av. San Martin y 4to Anillo Equipetrol Norte Tel.: (591-3) 3423535 int. 660 - Fax: (591-3) 431515 [email protected] | www.caminoreal.com.bo 2. COORDINATION OF THE MEETING Department against Transnational Organized Crime (DTOC) of the Organization of American States (OAS) 1889 F Street, N.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Highlights Situation in Numbers
    A three years old girl returned to her early stimulation sessions at the Senkata Health Center in El Alto city, after the service was interrupted due to COVID-19 lockdown. UNICEF provided personal protective Andrade equipment and biosecurity supplies to health workers. UNICEF Bolivia/2020/UNICEF HIGHLIGHTS • In Bolivia, the number of cases continues to increase significantly, affecting the entire national SITUATION IN NUMBERS: territory. The peak of the infection curve was reached in the last week of July, with more than 2,000 confirmed cases per day. In September, there is a decline in confirmed cases according to official data. 142,201 The last official report dated 10 October reported 1,894 cases in one week. • In August, a social crisis broke out due to the postponement of the presidential elections. The protests mainly materialized through roadblocks across the country. Bolivia went through social unrest 8,768 with roadblocks, which had an impact on the provision of medical oxygen and other supplies for COVID-19 patient care in health facilities in the western region of the country. • As of September, the post-confinement and 2,870,794 community health surveillance phase started. Even with closed borders and no in-presence school activity, measures such as hand washing, physical distancing and wearing face masks are promoted. • On 18 October, the general elections were 9 held, mobilizing 7.1 million voters. Authorities of the Ministry of Health worked together with the Supreme Electoral Tribunal to implement biosafety measures to prevent contagion during election day. UNICEF's response focused on: • 6,286 health workers have been provided with personal protective equipment (PPE) for ensuring the continuity of health services.
    [Show full text]
  • Bolivia Country Card -2020 09 - UPDATE SEPTEMBER 2020
    HI -Bolivia Country Card -2020 09 - UPDATE SEPTEMBER 2020 Country card Bolivia 1 HI -Bolivia Country Card -2020 09 - UPDATE SEPTEMBER 2020 HI Team and intervention areas HI BOLIVIA, in the Latin America Regional Program, has 13 staff members 2 HI -Bolivia Country Card -2020 09 - UPDATE SEPTEMBER 2020 General data of the country a. General Data Country Bolivia Peru Belgium Population 11.5 32.5 11.5 HDI 0.7 0.75 0.9 IHDI 0.53 0.61 0.84 Gender 0.94 0.95 0.97 development index Maternity 268 157 mortality) GINI Index 42.2 42.8 27.4 Population under 810 2.529 42.168 HCR mandate INFORM index 4.2 4.7 1.9 Fragile state 75 67.6 27.1 index Development 726.93 441.54 0 aid (in millions USD) b. Humanitarian law instruments ratified by the country Humanitarian law instruments Status Mine Ban Treaty Ratified on 09/06/1998 Ratified on 30/04/2013 Convention on Cluster Munitions UN Convention on the Rights of Ratified on 16/11/2009 Persons with Disabilities 3 HI -Bolivia Country Card -2020 09 - UPDATE SEPTEMBER 2020 c. Geopolitical analysis As a middle-income country, Bolivia remains one of Latin America’s poorest nations. Bolivia’s first indigenous president, Evo Morales, was first elected in 2005. Since then, progress has been made in the areas of poverty reduction, education, health, recognition and inclusion of the country’s 36 ethnic groups and indigenous cultures. Bolivia is going through a post-electoral crisis since the presidential elections of October 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Study Bolivia Waterwars.Pdf
    Neoliberalism Cochabamba, Bolivia is one specific case example of water privatization gone wrong. Returning to the definition of Neoliberalism, look at the effects of privatization in Cochabamba and how this sparked new forms of organizing and politicking. Neoliberalism seeks to transfer part of the control of the economy from the public to the private sector, under the belief that it will produce a more efficient government and improve the economic indicators of the nation. In other words, it means that all capitalist trade “liberation” or the opening up of markets and the end of all state regulation will be the rising tide that lifts all boats out of poverty. We already know there is a real disjuncture between theory and practice the idea that neoliberal reforms will lift all boats out of poverty has not mapped onto any reality. But actually, neoliberalism has created ever greater inequality and poverty. Governing Agencies This theory takes hold as a force in Cochabamba in the 1980’s and becomes global through governing agencies like the IMF and World Bank. Neoliberalism becomes exported as both ideology (the theory) and practice through structural adjustment programs which were policy changes as conditions (the conditionalities) for getting loans from IMF or World Bank. Conditionalities are implemented to ensure that the money lent will be spent in accordance with the overall goals of the loan. 1 | Bolivia Water Wars Bolivia The highlands in West Bolivia are mainly mountains; there is not a lot of agriculture. The indigenous groups in the highlands are the Aymara and Quechua (they formed part of the Incan Empire) and the lowland region or the East of Bolivia is known for its rich agricultural land.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bolivian Crescent As an Instability Factor Visit Web Receive Newsletter
    Opinion Paper 54/2021 07/05/2021 Mayumi Yasunaga Kumano* The Bolivian crescent as an instability factor Visit Web Receive Newsletter The Bolivian crescent as an instability factor Abstract: The political crises that Bolivia has experienced since the beginning of the 21st century stem from the existence within the country of two opposing projects whose contradictions manifest themselves on the political, economic and social levels. The stability of the country from 2009 to 2019 hid a deep rift between two blocs that would end up colliding in 2019. The power struggle between these projects has plunged Bolivia into political chaos on two occasions, once during 2008 and the most recent, in 2019. Keywords: Bolivia, Eastern crescent, Santa Cruz, Pro Santa Cruz Committee, Latin America, Instability. How to quote: YASUNAGA KUMANO, Mayumi. The Bolivian crescent as an instability factor. Opinion Paper. IEEE 54/2021. http://www.ieee.es/Galerias/fichero/docs_opinion/2021/DIEEEO54_2021_MAYYAS_Bolivia_EN G.pdf and/or link bie3 (accessed on the web day/month/year) *NOTE: The ideas contained in the Opinion Papers shall be responsibility of their authors, without necessarily reflecting the thinking of the IEEE or the Ministry of Defense. Opinion Paper 54/2021 1 The Bolivian crescent as an instability factor Mayumi Yasunaga Kumano Introduction Bolivia has enjoyed from 2009 to 2019 a political and economic stability that had not experienced in a long time. Indeed, Bolivia inaugurated the 21st century with a string of revolts that questioned the political, economic, and social model that had prevailed in the country for decades. The political crises that Bolivia has experienced since the beginning of the 21st century stem from the existence within the country of two opposing projects whose contradictions are manifested both on the political, economic, and social levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Background of the Study the Republic of Bolivia Is a Landlocked Country
    1INTRODUCTION (1) Background of the Study The Republic of Bolivia is a landlocked country located between 10 degrees and 23 degrees South, has an area of 1,098,581km2 (3 times as large as Japan) with a population of 8,137,000 (1999), and is also known as one of the poorest countries in Latin America. Bolivia continues to promote popular participation and decentralization laws, as it maintains its policies on free economy. The Bolivian government has launched “5-year National Plan = Action Plan (1997-2002)” with the purpose to alleviate poverty. In the medical and public health sector, it aims to reduce by half under-five mortality rate and maternal mortality rate, addressing policies on a) introduction of Basic Health Insurance, b) improvement of nutritional status, c) infectious disease control (e.g., Chagas' disease, malaria, tuberculosis). Beni Department occupies 213,000km2, 20% of the nation’s total land, and has approximately 365,000 people (2001 Census) that account for the second lowest population density in the country. The annual population growth rate in Beni is rather high at 3.16%, while that of the urban areas is 5.19%, and the rural areas 0.43%, showing a remarkable trend of migration from rural areas to urban centers. Three major illnesses in Beni are ARI, malaria and diarrhea. Three major causes of death are heart disease, diarrhea and pneumonia. Diarrhea, ARI and malnutrition account for high infant mortality rate. Maternal mortality rate is also high, though the rate of rural areas is twice as high as that of urban areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Decentralization and Poverty Reduction in Bolivia: Challenges and Opportunities
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Andersen, Lykke Eg; Jemio, Luis Carlos Working Paper Decentralization and poverty reduction in Bolivia: Challenges and opportunities Development Research Working Paper Series, No. 01/2016 Provided in Cooperation with: Institute for Advanced Development Studies (INESAD), La Paz Suggested Citation: Andersen, Lykke Eg; Jemio, Luis Carlos (2016) : Decentralization and poverty reduction in Bolivia: Challenges and opportunities, Development Research Working Paper Series, No. 01/2016, Institute for Advanced Development Studies (INESAD), La Paz This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/177353 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Institute for Advanced Development Studies 01/2016 Decentralization and Poverty Reduction in Bolivia: Challenges and Opportunities by: Lykke E.
    [Show full text]