THE COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE S
Third Edition Michael S. Gazzaniga
Preface xiii
I EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT 1
Introduction PASKO RAKIC 3
1 What Is It Like to Be a Human? TODD M. PREUSS 5
2 Adult Neurogenesis in the Primate Forebrain DAVID R . KOTNACK 2 3
3 Setting the Stage for Cognition: Genesis of the Primate Cerebral Corte x PASKO RAKIC, EUGENIUS S. B. C. ANG, andJOSHUA BREUNIG 3 3
4 Neuronal Migration in the Brain GUOFA Liu and YI RAG 5 1
5 Patterning of the Cerebral Cortex SONIA GAREL and JOHN L. R. RUBENSTEIN 69
6 A New Perspective on the Role of Activity in the Development o f Eye-Specific Retinogeniculate Projections LEO M. CHALUPA and ANDREW D. HUBERMAN 85
7 Brain and Behavioral Development During Childhood JEROME KAGAN and ABIGAIL BAIRD 93
II PLASTICITY 105
Introduction IRA B . BLACK 107
8 Long-Term Plasticity of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission in the Cerebra l Cortex ROBERT A. CROZIER, BENJAMIN D . PHILPOT, NATHANIEL B . SAWTELL, and MARK E BEAR 109
9 Neurogenesis in the Adult Mammalian Brain HENRIETTE VAN PRAAG , XINYU ZHAO, and FRED H . GAGE 12 7
10 Stress, Deprivation, and Adult Neurogenesis ELIZABETH GOULD 139
11 Quantitative Analysis of Fetal and Adult Neurogenesis : Regulation of Neuron Number RICHARD S. NOWAKOWSKI and NANCY L . HAVES 149
12 Stem Cell Plasticity : Overview and Perspective DALE WOODBURY an d IRA B . BLACK 16 1
13 How Sex and Stress Hormones Regulate the Structural and Functional Plasticity of the Hippocampus BRUCE S. MCEWEN 17 1
III SENSORY SYSTEMS 183
Introduction J. ANTHONY MOVSHON and BRIAN WANDELL 185
14 The Implications of Metabolic Energy Requirements for the Representation of Information in Neurons SIMON B . LAUGHLIN 187
15 Somatosensory Discrimination : Neural Coding and Decision-Making Mechanism s RANULFO ROMo, VICTOR DE LAFUENTE, and ADRIAN HERNANDEZ 197
16 Auditory Cortex in Primates : Functional Subdivisions and Processing Stream s TROY A. HACKETT and JON H. KAAs 21 5
17 A New Foundation for the Visual Cortical Hierarchy JONATHAN C . HORTO N and LAWRENCE C . SINCICH 233
18 Birdsong : Hearing in the Service of Vocal Learning ALLISONJ. DouPE, MICHELE M . SOLIS, CHARLOTTE A. BOETTIGER, and NEAL A. HESSLER 245
19 Olfaction: From Sniff to Percept MOUSTAFA BENSAFI, CHRISTINA ZELANO , BRAD JOHNSON, JOEL MAINLAND, RERAN KHAN, and NORM SOBEL 259
20 Origins of Perception: Retinal Ganglion Cell Diversity and the Creation of Parallel Visual Pathways DENNIS DACEY 28 1
21 Mechanisms of Image Processing in the Visual Cortex C. ELIZABETH BOUDREAU and DAVID FERSTER 303
22 Receptive Fields and Suppressive Fields in the Early Visual Syste m MATTEO CARANDINI 31 3
23 Characterization of Neural Responses with Stochastic Stimuli EERO P. SIMONCELLI, LIAM PANINSKI, JONATHAN PILLOW, an d ODELIA SCHWARTZ 327
24 Neuronal Correlates of Visual Attention and Perception DAVID J. HEEGER an d DAVID RESS 339
25 Dynamics of Attentional Modulation in Visual Cerebral Corte x JOHN H. R. MAUNSELL and GEOFFREY M . GHOSE 35 1
26 Acoustic Stimulus Processing and Multimodal Interactions in Primate s GREGG H. RECANZONE 359
27 Motion Perception and Midlevel Vision JosH MCDERMOTT and EDWARD H. ADELSON 369
28 Determining an Auditory Scene WILLIAM A. YosT 385
29 Short-Term Memory for the Rapid Deployment of Visual Attentio n KEN NAKAYAMA, VERA MALJKOVIC, and ARNI KRISTJANSSON 397
IV MOTOR SYSTEMS 40 9
Introduction EMILIO BIzzi and SCOTT T. GRAFTON 41 1
30 Toward a Neurobiology of Coordinate Transformations EMILIO BIzzi and FERDINANDO A . MussA-IVALDI 41 3
31 Cortical Mechanisms Subserving Object Grasping, Action Understanding , and Imitation GIACOMO RszzoI.ATTI, LEONARDO FOGASSI, and VITTORIO GALLESE 42 7
32 The Representation of Action SCOTT T. GRAFTON and RICHARD B. IVRY 441
33 Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Circuits with the Cerebral Corte x PETER L. STRICK 453
34 Sensorimotor Transformations in the Posterior Parietal Cortex RICHARD ANDERSEN, DANIELLA MEEKER, BIJAN PESARAN, BORIS BREZNEN , CHRISTOPHER BUNEO, and HANS SCHERBERGER 463
35 Brain Mechanisms of Praxis APOSTOLOS P. GEORGOPOULOS 475
36 Computational Motor Control DANIEL M. WOLPERT and ZoUBIN GHAHRAMArII 485
37 The Basal Ganglia and the Control of Action ANN M. GRAYBIEL and EsEN SAKA 495
38 Motor Learning and Memory for Reaching and Pointing REZA SHADMEHR and STEVEN P. WISE 51 1
V ATTENTION 525
Introduction ANNE TREISMAN 52 7
39 Psychological Issues in Selective Attention ANNE TREISMAN 52 9
40 Orienting and Inhibition of Return RAYMOND KLEIN 54 5
41 Selective Attention: Electrophysiological and Neuromagnetic Studie s JOSEPH B. HOPFINGER, STEVENS LUCK, and STEVEN A . HILLYARD 56 1
42 Visual Selective Attention : Insights from Brain Imaging and Neurophysiolog y WINRICH A . FREIWALD and NANCY G. KANWISHER 57 5
43 Spatial Neglect and Extinction JON DRIVER, PATRIK VUILLEUMIER, and MASUD HusAIN 58 9
44 Attention and the Frontal Lobes GLYN W. HUMPHREYS and DANA SAMSO N 60 7
45 Attention and Action STEVEN P TIPPER 61 9
46 Vigilant Attention IAN H . ROBERTSON and HUGH GARAVAN 63 1
VI MEMORY 64 1
Introduction DANIEL L. SCHACTER 64 3
47 Synaptic Growth and the Persistence of Long-Term Memory: A Molecular Perspective CRAIG H . BAILEY and ERIC R. KANDEL 647
48 Domain Specificity in Cognitive Systems LILA DAVACHI, LIZABETH M. ROMANSKI, MATTHEW V. CHAFEE, and PATRICIA S. GoLDMAN-RAKIC 66 5
49 An Information Processing Framework for Memory Representation by the Hippocampus HOWARD EICHENBAUM 67 9
50 Medial Temporal Lobe Function and Memory LARRY R. SQUIRE, ROBERT E. CLARK, and PETERS BAYLEY 69 1
51 Cognitive Control, Semantic Memory, and Priming: Contributions from Prefrontal Cortex ANTHONY D. WAGNER, SILVIA A. BUNGE, and DAVID BADRE 709
52 Retrieval Processes in Human Memory : Electrophysiological and fMRI Evidence MICHAEL D. RUGG 727
53 Neural Correlates of Memory 's Successes and Sins RANDY L . BUCKNER and DANIEL L. SCHACTER 73 9
VII LANGUAGE 75 3
Introduction ALFONSO CARAMAZZA 755
54 Prelexical and Lexical Processing in Listening PETER INDEFREY an d ANNE CUTLER 759
55 Cognitive and Neural Substrates of Written Language : Comprehension an d Production ARGYE E . HILLIs and BRENDA C . RAPP 77 5
56 The Neural Basis of Syntactic Processes ANGELA D. FRIEDERICI 78 9
57 The Organization of Lexical Knowledge in the Brian: The Grammatical Dimension KEVIN SHAPIRO and ALFONSO CARAMAZZA 80 3
58 The Neural Basis of Reading Acquisition FRANCK RAMUS 81 5
59 Biological Foundations of Language Acquisistion : Evidence from Bilingualism JACQUES MEHLER, NÜRIA SEBASTIAN-GALLES, and MARINA NESPOR 82 5
60 The Evolution of Language W. TECUMSEH FITCH 83 7
VIII HIGHER COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS 84 7
Introduction NIKOS K. LOGOTHETIS 84 9
61 Evolutionary and Developmental Foundations of Human Knowledge : A Case Study of Mathematics MARC D. HAUSER and ELIZABETH SPELKE 85 3
62 From Number Neurons to Mental Arithmetic : The Cognitive Neuroscience of Number Sense MANUELA PIAZZA and STANISLAS DEHAENE 865
63 Object Categorization, Expertise, and Neural Plasticit y JAMES W. TANAKA 87 7
64 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Face and Object Representations in th e Human Brain JAMES V. HAXBY, M . IDA GOBBINI, and K . MONTGOMERY 88 9
65 Associative Memory: Representation, Activation, and Cognitive Control RYOKO FUJIMICHI, YUJI NAYA, and YASUSHI MIYASHITA 905
66 Top-Down Mechanisms for Working Memory and Attentional Processe s LUIZ PESSOA and LESLIE G. UNGERLEIDER 919
67 The Brain's Mind's Images : The Cognitive Neuroscienc e of Mental Imagery GIORGIO GANIS, WILLIAM L . THOMPSON, FRED MAST , and STEPHEN M . KOSSLYN 93 1
68 The Fractionation of Supervisory Control TIM SHALLICE 94 3
69 Functional MRI in Monkeys : A Bridge Between Human and Animal Brain Research NIKos K. LOGOTHETIS 95 7
IX EMOTION AND SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE 97 1
Introduction TODD F. HEATHERTON, ELIZABETH A . PHELPS, and JOSEPH E. LEDoux 97 3
70 Social Neuroscience JoHN T. CACIOPPO and GARY G. BERNTSON 97 7
71 The Neural Basis of Fear GLEN E . SCHAFE and JosEPH E . LEDoux 98 7
72 The Human Amygdala and Awareness : Interactions Between Emotion and Cognition ELIZABETH A. PHELPS 100 5
73 Processing of Emotional and Social Information by the Human Amygdal a RALPH ADOLPHS 101 7
74 Stress and Cognition ROBERT M. SAPOLSKY 103 1
75 A General Circuitry Processing Reward/Aversion Information and Its Implication s for Neuropsychiatric Illness HANS C . BREITER and GREGORY P. GASIC 104 3
76 A Self Less Ordinary: The Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Yo u C . NEIL MACRAE, TODD E HEATHERTON, and WILLIAM M. KELLEY 106 7
77 The Cognitive Neuroscience of Knowing One's Self STANLEY B. KLEIN 107 7
78 Frontal Lobe Contributions to Executive Control of Cognitive and Social Behavio r JENNIFER S. BEER, ARTHUR P. SHIMAMURA, and ROBERT T KNIGHT 109 1
X CONSCIOUSNESS 1105
Introduction CHRISTOF KOCH 110 7
79 How Can We Construct a Science of Consciousness? DAVID J. CHALMERS 111 1
80 The Neurology of Impaired Consciousness : Challenges for Cognitive Neuroscience NICHOLAS D. SCHIFF 1121
81 A Framework for Consciousness FRANCIS C. CRICK and CHRISTOF Koc H 1133
82 Neural Mechanisms for Access to Consciousness STANISIAS DEHAENE an d JEAN-PIERRE CHANGEUX 1145
83 Perceiving the World and Grasping It : Dissociations Between Conscious and Unconscious Visual Processing MELVYN A. GOODALE 1 159
84 Neural Correlates of Visual Consciousness in Humans GERAINT REES 1 173
85 Split Decisions GEORGE WOLFORD, MICHAEL B . MILLER , and MICHAEL S. GAZZANIGA 1 189
86 Authorship Processing DANIEL M. WEGNER and BETSY SPARROW 120 1
XI PERSPECTIVES AND NEW DIRECTIONS 121 1
Introduction MICHAEL S. GAZZANIGA 121 3
87 Neuronal Studies of Decision Making in the Visual-Saccadic Syste m PAUL W. GLIMCHER and MICHAEL DoRRIS 121 5
88 The Neurophysiology of Decision Making as a Window on Cognition MICHAEL N. SHADLEN and JOSHUA I. GOLD 1229
89 Cortical Plasticity in the Adult Human Brain MEGAN S. STEVEN and COLIN BLAKEMORE 1243
90 Genes and the Development of Neural Networks Underlying Cognitive Processe s JOHN FOSSELIA and MICHAEL I. PosNER 1255
91 Functional Imaging, Neurophysiology, and the Resting State of the Human Brain DEBRA A. GUSNARD and MARCUS E. RAICI-ILE 1267
92 Cognitive Neuroimaging : History, Developments, and Direction s JoHN DARRELL VAN HORN 1281
93 Social Exchange : The Evolutionary Design of a Neurocognitive Syste m LEDA COSMIDES and JOHN TOOBY 1295 _
94 Bioethical Issues in the Cognitive Neurosciences MARTHA J. FARAH 1309
Contributors 132 1
Index 1327