— the Reception and Application of the Encyclical Pascendi Edited by Claus Arnold and Giovanni Vian
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Studi di storia 3 — The Reception and Application of the Encyclical Pascendi edited by Claus Arnold and Giovanni Vian Edizioni Ca’Foscari The Reception and Application of the Encyclical Pascendi Studi di storia Collana coordinata da Laura Cerasi Mario Infelise Anna Rapetti 3 Studi di storia Coordinatori Laura Cerasi (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Mario Infelise (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Anna Rapetti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Comitato scientifico Claus Arnold (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Deutschland) Marina Caffiero (Università di Roma «La Sapienza», Italia) Giovanni Filoramo (Università degli Studi, Torino, Italia) Marco Fincardi (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Stefano Gasparri (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Vincenzo Lavenia (Università degli Studi, Macerata, Italia) Simon Levis Sullam (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Adelisa Malena (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Alberto Masoero (Università degli Studi di Genova, Italia) Rolf Petri (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Giorgio Politi (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Silvio Pons (Università degli Studi di Roma «Tor Vergata», Italia) Antonella Salomoni (Università della Calabria, Cosenza, Italia) Enzo Traverso (Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States) Giovanni Vian (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Chris Wickham (All Souls College, University of Oxford, United Kingdom) Direzione e redazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici Palazzo Malcanton Marcorà, Dorsoduro 3484/D 30123 Venezia [email protected] http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/it/edizioni/collane/studi-di-storia/ The Reception and Application of the Encyclical Pascendi The Reports of the Diocesan Bishops and the Superiors of the Religious Orders until 1914 edited by Claus Arnold and Giovanni Vian Venezia Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing 2017 The Reception and Application of the Encyclical Pascendi Claus Arnold, Giovanni Vian (edited by) © 2017 Claus Arnold, Giovanni Vian for the text © 2017 Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing for the present edition Qualunque parte di questa pubblicazione può essere riprodotta, memorizzata in un sistema di recupero dati o trasmessa in qualsiasi forma o con qualsiasi mezzo, elettronico o meccanico, senza autorizzazione, a condizione che se ne citi la fonte. Any part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission provided that the source is fully credited. Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Dorsoduro 3859/A 30123 Venezia http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/ [email protected] 1st edition March 2017 ISBN 978-88-6969-130-0 [ebook] ISBN 978-88-6969-131-7 [print] Printed with the support of 44The Reception and Application of the Encyclical Pascendi / Arnold, Vian— 1 ed. — Venezia: Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing, 2017. — 326 p.; 23 cm. — (Studi di storia; 3). — ISBN 978- 88-6969-131-7. http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/it/edizioni/libri/978-88-6969-096-9/ DOI 10.14277/978-88-6969-130-0 The Reception and Application of the Encyclical Pascendi The Reports of the Diocesan Bishops and the Superiors of the Religious Orders until 1914 edited by Claus Arnold and Giovanni Vian Table of Contents The Implementation of the Encyclical Pascendi Outline and Background of a Project Claus Arnold, Giovanni Vian 11 Tra competenze e procedure: la gestione dell’operazione Alejandro M. Dieguez 21 La répression du modernisme Une priorité toute relative pour les évêques français (1908-1914) Louis-Pierre Sardella 35 The Reception of the Encyclical Pascendi in Germany Claus Arnold 75 “Petrus locutus est per Pium” The Reception of Pascendi dominici gregis in Austria as Reflected in Episcopal Sources (1907-1914) Michaela Sohn-Kronthaler 93 Reports from the non-German Speaking Parts of Austria-Hungary Otto Weiß 109 Le relazioni dei vescovi italiani a norma dell’enciclica Pascendi Raffaella Perin 121 La ricezione in Spagna del dispositivo di controllo ecclesiastico sul modernismo previsto dalla Pascendi attraverso le relazioni ordinariali (1907-1916) Alfonso Botti 159 Il modernismo negli altri Paesi dell’Europa: Belgio, Paesi Bassi, Svizzera, Russia Giovanni Vian 175 The Reception of Pascendi dominici gregis in North America Charles Talar 193 «De modernismi vestigiis» in America Latina Le risposte dei vescovi latinoamericani alla Pascendi e al Sacrorum Antistitum Maurizio Russo 209 Indie Orientali, Indocina, Oceania: il modernismo in mondi lontani Giovanni Vian 231 «Lo stesso imponiamo ai superiori generali» Le relazioni Pascendi degli istituti religiosi Alejandro M. Dieguez 247 Un mondo modernista? Note a partire dai rapporti a norma della Pascendi Giovanni Vian 265 List of the Reports on Pascendi 297 Index of Names 315 The Reception and Application of the Encyclical Pascendi The Reports of the Diocesan Bishops and the Superiors of the Religious Orders until 1914 edited by Claus Arnold and Giovanni Vian Acknowledgments This volume presents the results of the international research project “The Reception and Application of the Encyclical Pascendi as Mirrored by the Reports of the Diocesan Bishops and the Superiors of the Religious Orders (1908-1914)”, which was carried out in cooperation between the Goethe University of Frankfurt, respectively the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, and the University Ca’ Foscari of Venice from 2013 until 2016. We are grateful for the funding of the project and of the present publication by the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). It would have been impossible to pursue the project without the collaboration of the European and American colleagues who are specialists for the his- tory of the modernist crisis in Roman Catholicism and who have contrib- uted to this volume. We are grateful for the support of many ecclesiastical archives, in first place to the Archivio Segreto Vaticano with its prefect, H. Exc. the most Rev. Mons. Sergio Pagano, B, and to the Archivio della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede with its director, the Rev. Mons. Alejandro Cifres. Dott. Alejandro M. Dieguez of the Archivio Segreto Vati- cano has been most helpful in identifying the relevant material for this study. The practical coordination of the project lay with Dr. Raffaella Perin who undertook extensive archival studies for the project and helped with the editing of the volume. Friederike Ockert from Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz assisted in preparing the necessary translations and our colleague Charles Talar helped with the corrections. All errors that remain are ours. We are finally grateful to Edizioni Ca’ Foscari for the publication of this volume. Claus Arnold and Giovanni Vian Mainz and Venice, November 8, 2016 7 The Reception and Application of the Encyclical Pascendi The Reports of the Diocesan Bishops and the Superiors of the Religious Orders until 1914 edited by Claus Arnold and Giovanni Vian List of Abbreviations ACDF Archivio della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede Archives of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith ACIVCSVA Archivio della Congregazione per gli Istituti di vita consacrata e le Società di vita apostolica Archives of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life ACO Archivio della Congregazione per le Chiese Orientali Archives of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches ACPF Archivio Storico della Congregazione ‘de Propaganda Fide’ (Congregazione per l’Evangelizzazione dei Popoli) Propaganda Fide Historical Archives (The Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples) ASV Archivio Segreto Vaticano Vatican Secret Archives 9 The Reception and Application of the Encyclical Pascendi The Reports of the Diocesan Bishops and the Superiors of the Religious Orders until 1914 edited by Claus Arnold and Giovanni Vian The Implementation of the Encyclical Pascendi Outline and Background of a Project Claus Arnold (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Deutschland) Giovanni Vian (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Summary 1 The Concept of ‘Modernism’. – 2 The Measures Against ‘Modernism’. – 3 The Place of the Project in the Historiography on ‘Modernism’. – 4 Immediate Reactions to Pascendi. Keywords Modernism. Pius X. The name of the “conservative reform Pope” Pius X (1903-1904)1 has been linked to a ‘modernizing’ increase in efficiency of the Roman Curia and of the entire pastoral organisation of the catholic Church – with a decidedly anti-modern tendency.2 With the goal of a Christian restauration of society (Omnia instaurare in Christo; Eph 1:10), the Pope ‘reformed’ especially the church of Italy by implementing a rigorous visitation.3 Not content with the slow workings of the Roman Congregations of Index and Inquisition, Pius X envisioned new ways of control also for the church around the world in his fight against ‘modernism’.The pope’s Encyclical Pascendi dominici gregis,4 which appeared in September 1907, defined ‘modernism’ as the sum of all heresies, a kind of super-heresy of modernity.5 1 Aubert, “Pius X.”. 2 Cf. Fantappiè, Chiesa Romana e Modernità Giuridica, and the criticism by Vian, “Pio X grande riformatore?”. 3 Vian, La riforma della Chiesa. 4 On the making of Pascendi see Arnold, “Antimodernismo e magistero romano”. 5 For a first orientation about ‘modernism’ cf. Arnold, Kleine Geschichte des Modernismus; Vian, Il modernismo. Studi di Storia 3 DOI 10.14277/6969-130-0/StStor-3-0 ISBN [ebook] 978-88-6969-130-0